Parsing the oceanic calcium carbonate cycle: a net atmospheric carbon dioxide source, or a sink? Stephen V. Smith Emeritus Professor of Oceanography, University of Hawaii 49 Las Flores Drive, Chula Vista, CA 91910 2013 ISBN: 978-0-9845591-2-1 DOI: 10.4319/svsmith.2013.978-0-9845591-2-1 Copyright © 2013 by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography Inc. Limnology and Oceanography e-Books www.aslo.org/books/ Editor-in-Chief: M. Robin Anderson
[email protected] Fisheries and Oceans Canada Managing Editor: Jason Emmett
[email protected] Correct citation for this e-Book: Smith, S.V. 2013. Parsing the oceanic calcium carbonate cycle: a net atmos - pheric carbon dioxide source, or a sink? L&O e-Books. Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) Waco, TX. 10.4319/svsmith.2013.978-0-9845591-2-1 Cover illustration by Jason Emmett Preface Environmental scientists have watched the progression of the “Keeling Curve” recording the rise of atmos - pheric CO 2 at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, for the past 50-plus years, from 315 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in 1958 to its present (2012) level of about 393 ppmv (Keeling 1960; Scripps and subsequent NOAA data available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/; last accessed 3 Mar 2012). The 2012 value is about 25% above the value at the beginning of the Mauna Loa record and 40% above the value in about 1740 (Lüthi et al. 2008). Atmospheric CO 2 has apparently not been this high since at least 20 million years ago (Pagani et al.