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Lilypond Beginnershandleiding

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Lilypond Beginnershandleiding LilyPond Het muziekprogramma Beginnershandleiding Het LilyPond ontwikkelteam This file provides an introduction to LilyPond version 2.18.2. ¨ © Voor meer informatie over waar deze handleiding in de rest van de documentatie past, of over ¨ het lezen van deze handleiding in andere formaten, zie Sectie \Handleidingen" in Algemene Informatie. Mocht je een handleiding missen, de volledige documentatie is altijd te vinden op http://www.lilypond.org/. © Copyright c 1999{2012 door de auteurs. The translation of the following copyright notice is provided for courtesy to non-English speakers, but only the notice in English legally counts. De vertaling van onderstaande copyright voorwaarden wordt gegeven ter ori¨enteringvoor niet- Engelstalige lezers. Juridisch gezien is echter uitsluitend de engelstalige versie rechtsgeldig. Toestemming wordt verleend tot het kopi¨eren,verspreiden en/of wijzigen van dit document onder de bepalingen van de GNU Vrije Documentatie Licentie, versie 1.1 of iedere latere versie uitgegeven door de Free Software Foundation; zonder Invariante Secties, zonder Omslagteksten voor de Voorkant en zonder Omslagteksten voor de Achterkant. Een kopie van de licentie is opgenomen in de sectie getiteld \GNU Vrije Documentatie Licentie". Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". Voor LilyPond versie 2.18.2 i Inhoudsopgave 1 Leerboek ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.1 Het compileren van een bestand ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.1.1 Invoer schrijven::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.1.2 MacOS X::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1.1.3 Windows ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 1.1.4 Commandoregel ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 1.2 Het schrijven van invoerbestanden :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 1.2.1 Eenvoudige notatie :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 1.2.2 Werken met invoerbestanden :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 16 1.3 Omgaan met foutmeldingen :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17 1.3.1 Algemene tips voor het oplossen van problemen :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17 1.3.2 Enkele algemene fouten :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17 1.4 Het lezen van de handleidingen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17 1.4.1 Weggelaten materiaal :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17 1.4.2 Klikbare voorbeelden :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 18 1.4.3 Overzicht van handleidingen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 18 2 Algemene muzieknotatie ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2.1 Notatie voor een enkele notenbalk :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2.1.1 Maat-controles :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2.1.2 Verplaatsingstekens en toonsoorten :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2.1.3 Overbindingen en legatobogen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 21 2.1.4 Articulatie en dynamiek ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 22 2.1.5 Tekst toevoegen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 23 2.1.6 Automatische en handmatige waardestrepen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 24 2.1.7 Geavanceerde ritmische commando's ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 24 2.2 Verschillende noten tegelijk klinkend :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 25 2.2.1 Muziekuitdrukkingen nader verklaard :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 25 2.2.2 Meerdere notenbalken ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 27 2.2.3 Notenbalkgroepen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 28 2.2.4 Het combineren van noten tot accoorden ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29 2.2.5 Polyfonie binnen een notenbalk :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29 2.3 Vocale muziek :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30 2.3.1 Het zetten van eenvoudige liedjes :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30 2.3.2 Liedteksten uitrichten op een melodie :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30 2.3.3 Liedteksten bij meerdere notenbalken :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 34 2.4 De puntjes op de i's :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 35 2.4.1 Stukken organiseren met variabelen :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 35 2.4.2 Titels toevoegen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 36 2.4.3 Absolute notenamen ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 37 2.4.4 Na het leerboek ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 38 3 Fundamentele concepten::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 39 3.1 Hoe LilyPond-invoerbestanden werken :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 39 3.1.1 Inleiding in de LilyPond-bestandsstructuur::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 39 3.1.2 Score is a (single) compound musical expression :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 41 3.1.3 Nesting music expressions ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 43 ii 3.1.4 On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 44 3.2 Voices contain music ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 45 3.2.1 I'm hearing Voices ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 46 3.2.2 Explicitly instantiating voices :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 50 3.2.3 Voices and vocals :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 54 3.3 Contexts and engravers ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 56 3.3.1 Contexts explained :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 56 3.3.2 Creating contexts:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 57 3.3.3 Engravers explained ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 59 3.3.4 Modifying context properties :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 60 3.3.5 Adding and removing engravers :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 64 3.4 Extending the templates:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 67 3.4.1 Soprano and cello ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 67 3.4.2 Four-part SATB vocal score ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 70 3.4.3 Building a score from scratch :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 75 3.4.4 Saving typing with variables and functions ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 80 3.4.5 Scores and parts ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 83 4 Tweaking output ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 85 4.1 Tweaking basics :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 85 4.1.1 Introduction to tweaks::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 85 4.1.2 Objects and interfaces ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 85 4.1.3 Naming conventions of objects and properties :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 86 4.1.4 Tweaking methods :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 86 The \override command ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 86 The \revert command:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 87 The \once prefix :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 87 The \overrideProperty command :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 88 The \tweak command ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 88 4.2 The Internals Reference manual :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 4.2.1 Properties of layout objects :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 4.2.2 Properties found in interfaces :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 94 4.2.3 Types of properties :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 95 4.3 Appearance of objects :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 96 4.3.1 Visibility and color of objects :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 96 The stencil property::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 96 The break-visibility property :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 97 The transparent property :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 98 The color property ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 99 4.3.2 Size of objects :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 101 4.3.3 Length and thickness of objects::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 104 4.4 Placement of objects :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 105 4.4.1 Automatic behavior :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 105 4.4.2 Within-staff objects :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 106 The direction property ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 106 Fingering :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 107 4.4.3 Outside-staff objects:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 110 The outside-staff-priority property :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 110 The \textLengthOn command :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
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