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IP Addressing: Ipv4 Addressing Configuration Guide

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IP Addressing: Ipv4 Addressing Configuration Guide IP Addressing: IPv4 Addressing Configuration Guide Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB's public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS" WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental. Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: http:// www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R) © 2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Read Me First 1 CHAPTER 2 Configuring IPv4 Addresses 3 Finding Feature Information 3 Information About IP Addresses 4 Binary Numbering 4 IP Address Structure 6 IP Address Classes 7 IP Network Subnetting 9 IP Network Address Assignments 11 Classless Inter-Domain Routing 13 Prefixes 13 How to Configure IP Addresses 14 Establishing IP Connectivity to a Network by Assigning an IP Address to an Interface 14 Troubleshooting Tips 15 Increasing the Number of IP Hosts that Are Supported on a Network by Using Secondary IP Addresses 15 Troubleshooting Tips 16 What to Do Next 17 Maximizing the Number of Available IP Subnets by Allowing the Use of IP Subnet Zero 17 Troubleshooting Tips 18 Specifying the Format of Network Masks 18 Specifying the Format in Which Netmasks Appear for the Current Session 19 Specifying the Format in Which Netmasks Appear for an Individual Line 19 Using IP Unnumbered Interfaces on Point-to-Point WAN Interfaces to Limit Number of IP Addresses Required 20 IP Unnumbered Feature 20 Troubleshooting Tips 22 IP Addressing: IPv4 Addressing Configuration Guide iii Contents Using IP addresses with 31-Bit Prefixes on Point-to-Point WAN Interfaces to Limit Number of IP Addresses Required 22 RFC 3021 23 Troubleshooting Tips 25 Configuration Examples for IP Addresses 25 Example Establishing IP Connectivity to a Network by Assigning an IP Address to an Interface 25 Example Increasing the Number of IP Hosts that are Supported on a Network by Using Secondary IP Addresses 26 Example Using IP Unnumbered Interfaces on Point-to-Point WAN Interfaces to Limit Number of IP Addresses Required 26 Example Using IP addresses with 31-Bit Prefixes on Point-to-Point WAN Interfaces to Limit Number of IP Addresses Required 27 Example Maximizing the Number of Available IP Subnets by Allowing the Use of IP Subnet Zero 27 Where to Go Next 27 Additional References 27 Feature Information for IP Addresses 29 CHAPTER 3 IP Overlapping Address Pools 31 Finding Feature Information 31 Restrictions for IP Overlapping Address Pools 31 Information About IP Overlapping Address Pools 32 Benefits 32 How IP Address Groups Work 32 How to Configure IP Overlapping Address Pools 32 Configuring and Verifying a Local Pool Group 32 Configuration Examples for Configuring IP Overlapping Address Pools 33 Define Local Address Pooling as the Global Default Mechanism Example 33 Configure Multiple Ranges of IP Addresses into One Pool Example 33 Additional References 34 Feature Information for Configuring IP Overlapping Address Pools 35 Glossary 36 CHAPTER 4 IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 37 IP Addressing: IPv4 Addressing Configuration Guide iv Contents Finding Feature Information 37 Information About IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 37 IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support Overview 37 How to Configure IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 38 Enabling Polling on an Ethernet Interface 38 Configuring the Queue Size and the Packet Rate for IP ARP Polling for Unnumbered Interfaces 39 Verifying IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 40 Configuration Examples for IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 42 Example: Enabling Polling on an Ethernet Interface 42 Example: Configuring the Queue Size and the Packet Rate for IP ARP Polling for Unnumbered Interfaces 42 Additional References 42 Feature Information for IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 43 CHAPTER 5 Auto-IP 45 Finding Feature Information 46 Prerequisites for Auto-IP 46 Restrictions for Auto-IP 46 Information About Auto-IP 47 Auto-IP Overview 47 Seed Device 49 Auto-IP Configuration for Inserting a Device into an Auto-IP Ring 50 Device Removal from an Auto-IP Ring 52 Conflict Resolution Using the Auto-Swap Technique 52 How to Configure Auto-IP 54 Configuring a Seed Device 54 Configuring the Auto-IP Functionality on Node Interfaces (for Inclusion in an Auto-IP Ring) 57 Verifying and Troubleshooting Auto-IP 59 Configuration Examples for Auto-IP 61 Example: Configuring a Seed Device 61 Example: Configuring the Auto-IP Functionality on Node Interfaces (for Inclusion in an Auto-IP Ring) 61 Additional References for Auto-IP 62 IP Addressing: IPv4 Addressing Configuration Guide v Contents Feature Information for Auto-IP 63 CHAPTER 6 Zero Touch Auto-IP 65 Finding Feature Information 65 Prerequisites for Zero Touch Auto-IP 66 Restrictions for Zero Touch Auto-IP 66 Information About Zero Touch Auto-IP 66 How to Configure Zero Touch Auto-IP 68 Associating an Auto-IP Server with an Autonomic Network 68 Enabling Auto Mode on Auto-IP Ring Ports 70 Configuring an Auto-IP Server and Reserving a Pool of IP Addresses on the Server 72 Configuring a Seed Port 73 Verifying and Troubleshooting Zero Touch Auto-IP 74 Configuration Examples for Zero Touch Auto-IP 77 Example: Associating an Auto-IP Server with an Autonomic Network 77 Example: Enabling Auto Mode on Auto-IP Ring Ports 77 Example: Configuring an Auto-IP Server and Reserving a Pool of IP Addresses on the Server 77 Example: Configuring a Seed Port 77 Additional References for Zero Touch Auto-IP 78 Feature Information for Auto-IP 78 IP Addressing: IPv4 Addressing Configuration Guide vi CHAPTER 1 Read Me First Important Information about Cisco IOS XE 16 Effective Cisco IOS XE Release 3.7.0E (for Catalyst Switching) and Cisco IOS XE Release 3.17S (for Access and Edge Routing) the two releases evolve (merge) into a single version of converged release—the Cisco IOS XE 16—providing one release covering the extensive range of access and edge products in the Switching and Routing portfolio. Note The Feature Information table in the technology configuration guide mentions when a feature was introduced. It might or might not mention when other platforms were supported for that feature. To determine if a particular feature is supported on your platform, look at the technology configuration guides posted on your product landing page. When a technology configuration guide is displayed on your product landing page, it indicates that the feature is supported on that platform. IP Addressing: IPv4 Addressing Configuration Guide 1 Read Me First IP Addressing: IPv4 Addressing Configuration Guide 2 CHAPTER 2 Configuring IPv4 Addresses This chapter contains information about, and instructions for configuring IPv4 addresses on interfaces that are part of a networking device. Note All further references to IPv4 addresses in this document use only IP in the text, not IPv4. • Finding Feature Information, page 3 • Information About IP Addresses, page 4 • How to Configure IP Addresses, page 14 • Configuration Examples for IP Addresses, page 25 • Where to Go Next, page 27 • Additional References, page 27 • Feature Information for IP Addresses, page 29 Finding Feature Information Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn.
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