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The Gravitational Spacecraft The Gravitational Spacecraft Fran De Aquino Maranhao State University, Physics Department, S.Luis/MA, Brazil. Copyright © 1997-2010 by Fran De Aquino. All Rights Reserved There is an electromagnetic factor of correlation between gravitational mass and inertial mass, which in specific electromagnetic conditions, can be reduced, made negative and increased in numerical value. This means that gravitational forces can be reduced, inverted and intensified by means of electromagnetic fields. Such control of the gravitational interaction can have a lot of practical applications. For example, a new concept of spacecraft and aerospace flight arises from the possibility of the electromagnetic control of the gravitational mass. The novel spacecraft called Gravitational Spacecraft possibly will change the paradigm of space flight and transportation in general. Here, its operation principles and flight possibilities, it will be described. Also it will be shown that other devices based on gravity control, such as the Gravitational Motor and the Quantum Transceivers, can be used in the spacecraft, respectively, for Energy Generation and Telecommunications. Key words: Gravity, Gravity Control, Quantum Devices. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 02 2. Gravitational Shielding 02 3. Gravitational Motor: Free Energy 05 4. The Gravitational Spacecraft 06 5. The Imaginary Space-time 13 6. Past and Future 18 7. Instantaneous Interstellar Communications 20 8. Origin of Gravity and Genesis of Gravitational Energy 23 Appendix A 26 Appendix B 58 Appendix C 66 Appendix D 71 References 74 2 1. Introduction The discovery of the correlation In the beginning of this century, between gravitational mass and inertial it has been clearly noticed that there mass [1] has shown that the gravity was something unsatisfactory about can be reduced, nullified and inverted. the whole notion of quantization and Starting from this discovery several that the quantization process had many ways were proposed in order to obtain ambiguities. Then, a new approach has experimentally the local gravity been proposed starting from the control [2]. Consequently, new generalization of the action function*. concepts of spacecraft and aerospace The result has been the derivation of a flight have arisen. This novel theoretical background, which finally spacecraft, called Gravitational led to the so-sought quantization of the Spacecraft, can be equipped with other gravity and of the space-time. devices also based on gravity control, Published under the title: such as the Gravitational Motor and “Mathematical Foundations of the the Quantum Transceiver that can be Relativistic Theory of Quantum used, respectively, for energy Gravity”†, this theory predicts a generation and telecommunications. consistent unification of Gravity with Based on the theoretical background Electromagnetism. It shows that the which led to the gravity control, the strong equivalence principle is operation principles of the reaffirmed and, consequently Gravitational Spacecraft and of the Einstein’s equations are preserved. In devices above mentioned, will be fact, Einstein’s equations can be described in this work. deduced directly from the Relativistic Theory of Quantum Gravity. This 2. Gravitational Shielding shows, therefore, that the General Relativity is a particularization of this The contemporary greatest new theory, just as the Newton’s challenge of the Theoretical Physics theory is a particular case from the was to prove that, Gravity is a General Relativity. Besides, it was quantum phenomenon. Since the deduced from the new theory an General Relativity describes gravity as important correlation between the related to the curvature of the space- gravitational mass and the inertial time then, the quantization of the mass, which shows that the gravity implies the quantization of the gravitational mass of a particle can be proper space-time. Until the end of the decreased and even made negative, century XX, several attempts to independently of its inertial mass, i.e., quantify gravity were accomplished. while the gravitational mass is However, all of them resulted fruitless [3, 4]. * The formulation of the action in Classical Mechanics extends to the Quantum Mechanics and it has been the basis for the development of the Strings Theory. † http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0212033 3 progressively reduced, the inertial kinetic momentum; c is the speed of mass does not vary. This is highly light. relevant because it means that the This equation shows that only weight of a body can also be reduced for Δp = 0 the gravitational mass is and even inverted in certain equal to the inertial mass. Instances in circumstances, since Newton’s gravity which Δp is produced by law defines the weight P of a body as electromagnetic radiation, Eq. (3) can the product of its gravitational mass be rewritten as follows: mg by the local gravity acceleration g , 2 ⎧ ⎡ 2 ⎤⎫ mg ⎪ ⎛ n D ⎞ ⎪ i.e., =1 − 2⎢ 1 + ⎜ r ⎟ −1⎥ () 4 ⎨ ⎢ ⎜ 3 ⎟ ⎥⎬ mi0 ⎪ ⎝ ρ c ⎠ ⎪ ⎩ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥⎭ P= m g (1) g Where n is the refraction index of the It arises from the mentioned law r particle; D is the power density of the that the gravity acceleration (or simply electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the gravity) produced by a body with the particle; and ρ its density of gravitational mass M is given by g inertial mass. It was shown [1] that there is an GM g additional effect of gravitational g = 2 ()2 r shielding produced by a substance whose gravitational mass was reduced The physical property of mass or made negative. This effect shows has two distinct aspects: gravitational that just above the substance the mass mg and inertial mass mi. The gravity acceleration g will be reduced gravitational mass produces and 1 at the same proportion χ = m m , responds to gravitational fields. It g i0 g= χ g g supplies the mass factors in Newton's i.e., 1 , ( is the gravity famous inverse-square law of acceleration bellow the substance). 2 Equation (4) shows, for gravity (F= GMg m g r ). The inertial example, that, in the case of a gas at mass is the mass factor in Newton's ultra-low pressure (very low density of 2nd Law of Motion (F= m a). These i inertial mass), the gravitational mass two masses are not equivalent but of the gas can be strongly reduced or correlated by means of the following made negative by means of the factor [1]: incidence of electromagnetic radiation with power density relatively low. ⎧ ⎡ 2 ⎤⎫ mg ⎪ ⎛ Δp ⎞ ⎪ Thus, it is possible to use this =⎨1 − 2⎢ 1 + ⎜ ⎟ −1⎥⎬ ()3 ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ effect in order to produce gravitational mi0 ⎪ ⎝ mi0 c ⎠ ⎪ ⎩ ⎣ ⎦⎭ shieldings and, thus, to control the local gravity. Where mi0 is the rest inertial mass and The Gravity Control Cells Δp is the variation in the particle’s (GCC) shown in the article “Gravity Control by means of Electromagnetic 4 Field through Gas or Plasma at Ultra- detectors can only be dangerous if Low Pressure”‡, are devices designed inhaled. on the basis, of this effect, and usually The Relativistic Theory of are chambers containing gas or plasma Quantum Gravity also shows the at ultra-low pressure. Therefore, when existence of a generalized equation for an oscillating electromagnetic field is the inertial forces which has the applied upon the gas its gravitational following form mass will be reduced and, consequently, the gravity above the = gi aMF (5) mentioned GCC will also be reduced at the same proportion. This expression means a new law for It was also shown that it is the Inertia. Further on, it will be possible to make a gravitational shown that it incorporates the Mach’s shielding even with the chamber filled principle to Gravitation theory [5]. with Air at one atmosphere. In this Equation (3) tell us that the case, the electric conductivity of the gravitational mass is only equal to the air must be strongly increased in order inertial mass when p =Δ 0 . Therefore, to reduce the intensity of the we can easily conclude that only in electromagnetic field or the power this particular situation the new density of the applied radiation. expression of Fi reduces to = ii amF , This is easily obtained by which is the expression for Newton's ionizing the air in the local where we 2nd Law of Motion. Consequently, want to build the gravitational this Newton’s law is just a particular shielding. There are several manners case from the new law expressed by of ionizing the air. One of them is by the Eq. (5), which clearly shows how means of ionizing radiation produced the local inertial forces are correlated by a radioactive source of low to the gravitational interaction of the intensity, for example, by using the local system with the distribution of radioactive element Americium (Am- cosmic masses (via m ) and thus, 241). The Americium is widely used g as air ionizer in smoke detectors. incorporates definitively the Mach’s Inside the detectors, there is just a little principle to the Gravity theory. amount of americium 241 (about of The Mach’s principle postulates that: “The local inertial forces would 1/5000 grams) in the form of AmO2. Its cost is very low (about of US$ be produced by the gravitational 1500 per gram). The dominant interaction of the local system with the radiation is composed of alpha distribution of cosmic masses”. particles. Alpha particles cannot cross However, in spite of the several a paper sheet and are also blocked by attempts carried out, this principle had some centimeters of air. The not yet been incorporated to the Americium used in the smoke Gravitation theory. Also Einstein had carried out several attempts. The ad ‡ http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0701091 hoc introduction of the cosmological 5 term in his gravitation equations has anything during the maneuvers of the been one of these attempts. car. With the advent of equation (5), the origin of the inertia - that was 3.
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