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Profundiconus Limpalaeri Sp. Nov. (Gastropoda, Conilithidae)

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Profundiconus Limpalaeri Sp. Nov. (Gastropoda, Conilithidae) A new deep water species from the Philippines: Profundiconus limpalaeri sp. nov. (Gastropoda, Conilithidae) Manuel J. TENORIO INBIO - Dept. CMIM y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Torre Norte, 1ª Planta, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, SPAIN e-mail: [email protected] Eric MONNIER Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Département Chimie, Alimentation, Santé, Environnement et Risque 292, rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, FRANCE. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT We describe shell morphology using the terminology Profundiconus limpalaeri sp. nov. is described from deep water established in Röckel, Korn & Kohn (1995). For morphometric material taken around Balut Island, Philippines. The new species comparisons, adult shells selected among available specimens had been previously misidentified as Profundiconus cakobaui in several private collections, as well as in the collections of (Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008) or Kurodaconus darkini the MNHN, were measured with a digital caliper, and the (Röckel, Korn & Richard, 1993). The observed similarities and measurements rounded to 0.1 millimeter. All measurements differences of these taxa with the new species are discussed. are in a spreadsheet, deposited as supporting information at https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/30741402/ BIBLIOGRAPHY/XT12/limpalaeri.xls. For comparison of shell INTRODUCTION morphometry, we have performed analysis of the covariance The genus Profundiconus Kuroda, 1956 has been (ANCOVA) for different shell parameters namely maximum recently reviewed in Tenorio & Castelin (2016), and currently diameter (MD), height of the maximum diameter (HMD) and comprises 27 species living in deep water. The species in this spire height (SH), using species hypotheses as factor, and shell genus are spread over the Indo-Pacific region, except for length (SL) as covariate. Statistical tests were carried out using Profundiconus emersoni (Hanna, 1963), which occurs in the STATGRAPHICS 5.1, once all the measurement sets passed the East Pacific region. However, the inclusion of this species in normality tests. Profundiconus is only provisional (Tenorio et al. 2012). Due to RADULAR PREPARATIONS their deep-sea habitat, these species are difficult to sample, We use the terminology for radular morphology of and most of them are rare in collections with few exceptions. Tenorio & Castelin (2016). Specimens of shells containing the However, species of Profundiconus are relatively common dried animal inside were digested in concentrated aqueous in material dredged by research vessels in deep waters. To a potassium hydroxide for 24 hours. The contents were flushed lesser extent, small and medium-sized shells of still unnamed out of the shell by injecting distilled water through the aperture species of Profundiconus also surface occasionally in nets of the shell by means of a syringe with an incurved needle. of fishermen working in deep-water. That is the case for a The resulting mixture was then placed in a Petri dish and species caught by tangle nets at depths of 100-450 meters in examined with the binocular microscope. The entire radula was the waters around Balut Island and the neighboring Sarangani removed with fine tweezers and rinsed with distilled water, then Island in Southern Mindanao, Philippines. This species has mounted on a slide using Aquatex (Merck) Mounting Medium, been known for some time, and has been circulating around and examined under the compound microscope. Photos were among dealers and collectors with the names “Conus darkini” or obtained with a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera attached “Profundiconus cf. cakobaui” (Raybaudi Massilia in Poppe 2008; to the microscope. Tenorio & Castelin 2016). We have now been able to gather a sufficiently large homogeneous sample of this new species to Abbreviations describe it. We have compared these specimens qualitatively Museums and institutions and quantitatively withProfundiconus cakobaui (Moolenbeek, MNHN: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Röckel & Bouchet, 2008), and also with Kurodaconus darkini HMNS: Houston Museum of Natural Science, Houston, USA. (Röckel, Korn & Richard, 1993). Although we did not have access EM: Eric Monnier reference collection, Paris, France. to preserved material in our lots, we have concluded that the LL: Loïc Limpalaër reference collection, Haudivillers, France. specimens under study obtained from Balut Island are not CR: Christophe Roux reference collection, Vitry sur Seine, conspecific with eitherP. cakobaui nor K. darkini, and represent France. in fact a distinct, new species which is described hereby with PK: Paul Kersten reference collection, Hoornaar, The the name Profundiconus limpalaeri sp. nov. Netherlands. MATERIAL AND METHODS WJF: William J. Fenzan reference collection, Norfolk, Virginia, The taxonomy used in the present article follows USA. Tucker & Tenorio (2009) with the updates and modifications Other included in Tucker & Tenorio (2013). Specimens were collected m: meter by local fishermen either by tangle nets, trawling or dredging, mm: millimeter in depths ranging from 100 m to 500 meters. XENOPHORA TAXONOMY 12 - JUL 2016 41 M. TENORIO & E. MONNIER - A new deep water species from the Philippines: Profundiconus limpalaeri sp. nov. Shell morphometry Radular morphometry Distribution and habitat: To date, specimens have only been found at the type locality (Balut Island) and the neighboring S maximum shell length S /T shell length/radular tooth L L L Sarangani Island, in 100 to 450 m depth. Most specimens length found correspond to empty shells. A few specimens have been collected alive, although the soft parts were not preserved for RD relative diameter TL/APL radular tooth size/ante- rior portion length study. RSH relative spire height 100B /AP 100 x blade length/ Etymology: The species is named after Loïc Limpalaër, a L L French seashell collector, cone expert and a good friend, who anterior portion length co-described with the second author about 20 new species PMD relative position of the of cones. maximum diameter Description of the shell: Morphometric parameters: L = 32–40 mm; RD = 0.56–0.65; RSH = 0.21–0.27; PMD = 0.81–0.88. Shell RESULTS shape is ventricosely conical to conical. This is a moderately small to medium sized species. The spire is moderate to high, SYSTEMATICS concave and slightly sigmoid in profile. The whorl tops are flat Family Conilithidae Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 in cross section. The paucispiral protoconch of 1.5 whorls is Genus Profundiconus Kuroda, 1956 white to creamy-yellow, porcellaneous and translucent, with a Profundiconus limpalaeri sp. nov. (Plate 1, Figs. 1–4; Plate 2, maximum diameter of 0.98 mm (Fig. 1). The early teleoconch Figs. 1–4; Plate 3, Figs. 3–6) whorls are white or tan, with small tubercles which disappear Conus darkini – Poppe 2008: pl. 616, fig. 2, 3 & 5 (nonC. darkini by whorl five. Early teleoconch whorls have three to four cords. Röckel, Korn & Richard, 1993). The cords increase in number to six, seven or even more in late teleoconch whorls, but fade slightly in the outer whorls near Profundiconus cf. cakobaui– Tenorio & Castelin 2016: p. 23, fig. the shoulder. The shoulder is angulated, with a weak ridge 9E (non C. cakobaui Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008). present. The sides of the shell are very slightly convex below Type material: Holotype and 7 paratypes. See table for details. the shoulder and then straight, becoming very slightly concave near the anterior end. The last whorl is smooth except for 8-9 Type Collection Dimensions Locality spiral grooves around the basal quarter. The posterior notch is (mm) shallow and C-shaped. There is no anterior notch. Holotype MNHN- 35.8 x 16.4 Balut Island, Southern IM-2000- Mindanao, Philip- 32434 pines, 300 m, trawled. Paratype 1 EM 34.9 x 15.8 Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philip- pines, 100-150 m. Paratype 2 CR 33.8 x 16.1 Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philip- pines, 200-300 m, dredged. Paratype 3 PK 38.2 x 16.7 Sarangani Island, Southern Mindanao, Philippines, 300 m. Paratype 4 HMNS 34.0 x 16.5 Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philippines, 200-250 m. Paratype 5 WJF 32.0 x 15.0 Tinina, Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philippines, 500 m, by tangle net. Paratype 6 WFJ 35.0 x 16.4 Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philip- pines. Paratype 7 LL 36.0 x 16.9 Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philip- pines, 400 m. Material examined: More than 10 additional specimens, mostly dead collected, have been studied; all of them from Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philippines, collected in deep water. These specimens are in private collections, most of them ex-collection Conchology Inc. Fig. 1.- Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls of P. limpalaeri Type locality: Balut Island, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. sp. nov. (Holotype, SL 35.8 mm). 42 XENOPHORA TAXONOMY 12 - JUL 2016 M. TENORIO & E. MONNIER - A new deep water species from the Philippines: Profundiconus limpalaeri sp. nov. Ground color white to very pale cream. Early teleoconch Living animal and radula: whorls often white, patternless. Alternating brown blotches Details about the living animal are unknown. starting about whorl 4-5, extending over the late spire whorls reaching the shoulder. Last whorl overlaid with large irregular axial brown blotches and streaks in variable amount. The DISCUSSION pattern can be dense, covering most of the surface of the last Profundiconus limpalaeri sp. nov. is most similar to whorl (i.e. Plate 2, Fig 4a; Plate 3, Fig. 6). In some specimens, K. darkini (Plate 3, Fig. 2) and to P. cakobaui (Plate 3, Fig. 1). the axial brown blotches are arranged forming also narrow K. darkini can be easily separated from P. limpalaeri sp. nov. interrupted spiral bars (i.e. Plate 1, Fig. 4a; Plate 2, Fig 2; Plate by its larger adult size (51 – 87 mm versus 32 – 40 mm for P. 3, Fig. 4). The columella is white. The aperture is bluish-white, limpalaeri sp. nov.), larger number of strongly tuberculated usually stained with purplish-brown at the inner edge of the spire whorls (9 – 10 versus 5 in P.
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