Ruskin Park Health Report 2019
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London Borough of Lambeth April 2019 Ruskin Park Parks and Green Spaces Health Report CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 PARKS AND GREEN SPACE HEALTH REPORT 9 1.0 INTRODUCTION 10 2.0 THE PARKS FOR HEALTH INITIATIVE 15 3.0 POPULATION HEALTH PROFILES 17 4.0 THE PARKS FOR HEALTH SURVEY: IMPROVEMENTS & INTERVENTIONS 24 5.0 HEALTH PROMOTION INITIATIVES 31 5.1 INTRODUCTION 31 5.2 SOCIAL PRESCRIBING 31 5.3 WORKPLACE WELLBEING 34 6.0 ACTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 36 7.0 CONCLUSION 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40 APPENDIX 1 Green Spaces Health Framework 42 APPENDIX 2 Parks for Health Assessment: Strategy Report 43 Tisdall Associates are a Registered Practice of the Landscape Institute. In preparing this report, the Practice draws on qualifications and experience in Landscape Design, Environmental Science and Public Health. As Director, Richard Tisdall was also a co-author of the Landscape Institutes Position Statement, Public Health and Landscape Creating Health Places, and has spoken at national and international conferences on this important subject. The Parks for London Charity have assisted in refining the Toolkit and supporting its application. As new academic research becomes available, the results of that research will be assessed, and the methodology and associated guidance reviewed, and updated. Whilst based upon professional interpretation of current evidence and applicable to the United Kingdom, the evidence arises from international research. The application of the Parks for health Toolkit outside the UK should be reviewed by the reader and interpreted according to context, culture, legal framework and experience. In that the implementation of any initiatives rests with local decision making and is outside the control of Tisdall Associates, neither publisher nor author take any responsibility for the interpretation and practical implementation of works resulting from the interpretation of the survey, or and resulting assessments, results or application of the findings and recommendations. © Tisdall Associates Ltd All Rights Reserved 2019 1 TAs 173 1c Ruskin Park Lambeth Health Report May 2019 London Borough of Lambeth April 2019 Ruskin Park Parks and Green Spaces Health Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction 1. Tisdall Associates, a Registered Practice of the Landscape Institute, has been instructed by the London Borough of Lambeth to prepare a Parks and Green Spaces Health Report for Ruskin Park. This is in response to the Local Labour Party 2018 Manifesto Pledge which stated that “Our parks are key to good physical and mental health, so we’ll pilot a new programme of ‘Health Parks’, starting with Ruskin Park next to Kings College and Maudsley Hospitals and roll out innovative health, recovery and fitness projects across other Lambeth parks and open spaces” The survey of the Park was undertaken in February 2019 by Tisdall Associates utilising the Parks for Health Assessment Toolkit, developed by Tisdall Associates. In terms of structure, this report is guided by the Green Spaces Health Framework (Appendix 1) 2. The Green Spaces Health Framework provides a context for this report. it places Parks within Primary Prevention and through practical improvements and Health Promotion, allows them to be used to promote the health and wellbeing of local communities. The Parks for Health Toolkit (upon which this Assessment is based) has evolved following a series of steps: • An extensive review of the evidence base demonstrating the association between green space and health. • The identification of elements and characteristics of a Park which have been associated with health and wellbeing. • The categorisation of these elements into identifiable criteria. • The development of a methodology to measure the health status of a Park, to deliver outputs which demonstrate that status. • The identification of practical improvements and new interventions, addressing Parks as determinants of health • The identification of Health Promotion Initiatives; be they associated with community groups, public health, social prescribing or Workplace Wellbeing 3. The quality and use of Parks, Green Spaces and the Natural Environment have been demonstrated by research to have a beneficial effect upon health and wellbeing. Access to these spaces can contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity, non-communicative diseases and mild mental ill-health. In addition, they can help mitigate some environmental impacts; air pollution, temperature extremes, UV radiation, noise etc. As such they can have a bearing upon avoidable medical conditions associated with these risk factors. On this basis it has long been argued that Parks and Green Spaces should be valued for their contribution to Primary Prevention and treatment of avoidable diseases, rather than simply as land valued at £1.00, and with ongoing maintenance costs. Fields in Trust recently identified the following benefits associated with Green Spaces: 2 TAs 173 1c Ruskin Park Lambeth Health Report May 2019 London Borough of Lambeth April 2019 Ruskin Park Parks and Green Spaces Health Report • The Total Economic Value to an individual is £30.24 per year (£2.52 per month). • The Wellbeing Value associated with the frequent use of local parks and green spaces is worth £34.2 Billion per year to the entire UK adult population. • Parks and green spaces are estimated to save the NHS around £111 Million per year based solely on a reduction in GP visits and excluding any additional savings from prescribing or referrals.[1] 4. In order to deliver on this Value, Parks and Green Spaces must be seen from the perspective of Public Health. This brings with it the following key principles which undergird the approach taken in developing this Health Report: • Addressing Issues “Upstream”: Public Health has to do with addressing factors which cause disease before the medical conditions develop. • The Evidence Base: There is extensive scientific evidence which demonstrates the association between green space and health. • Determinants of Health: As demonstrated by the Social Determinants of Health [2] and the Health Map [3] environmental factors can have a significant impact upon the health of a local population; for better or worse. Parks and Green Spaces represent an important component of the built environment, and as such the quality and variety of these places and spaces has to be considered in any assessment of their potential health benefit. • Health Promotion [4]: These include a series of approaches which optimise the use of health promoting parks and green spaces. They may be generated through community groups, Social Prescribing or Workplace Wellbeing programmes, and include the following application: • Medical: To identify those at risk of disease, and levels of avoidable ill-health in a population • Behaviour Change: To encourage individuals to take responsibility for their own health and choose healthier lifestyles • Education: To increase knowledge and skills about healthier lifestyles • Empowerment: To work with individuals and communities to address perceived needs • Social Change: To address inequalities in health-based interventions, status and conditions Local Context 5. A number of activities and events are already provided by the Friends of Ruskin Park which have a positive bearing upon health and wellbeing. These include: • Liaison with local GPs and the within the context of Social Prescribing, and the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust (SLaM) • Litter Picking, Community Gardening Sessions and Health and interest walks. Heritage wheat growing, and additional events led by others 3 TAs 173 1c Ruskin Park Lambeth Health Report May 2019 London Borough of Lambeth April 2019 Ruskin Park Parks and Green Spaces Health Report • Community events including a Christmas market in December, a Summer Fete in June, a Harvest Community Day, and fortnightly bandstand events • Future plans also include the development of the SLaM Recovery College in the former stable block in the Park 6. Plans for capital improvements, including: • Sports, fitness and play facilities • The former stable block • The Denmark Hill entrance • The listed Mendelsohn Sundial • Signage and wayfinding and a health and wellbeing pilot These demonstrate a track record of health-based interventions and represent a sound basis for future initiatives and interventions. Health Profile of Lambeth 4. Public Health England (PHE) Health Profiles provide information on the health and wellbeing of a local population. This includes a range of conditions, including non-communicative diseases, obesity and expressions of mental ill-health. The health of individual Wards has also been assessed. This information reveals that in the most deprived Wards of Lambeth, life expectancy is 5.9 years lower for men and 4.0 years lower for women than in least deprived areas. This information also shows that several medical conditions, influenced by the presence and use of Green Spaces are significantly worse that the average for England. These are: • Life expectancy at birth (Male) • Under 75 mortality rates: All causes • Under 75 mortality rates: Cardiovascular • Diabetes Diagnosis (17+) • Obese Children (aged 10-11) The following were not significantly different from England, but worse than the regional average • Under 75 mortality rates: Cancer • Suicide Rate At a more local level the following information indicates that for many avoidable conditions, the South East Locality (including Herne Hill Ward) are worse that average. • Obesity in Children at reception year and