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Watershed Conditions Canyon Above the Interstate 215 2009) RIPARIAN CORRIDOR STUDY FINAL PARLEYS CREEK MANAGEMENT PLAN 3.0 BASELINE ASSESSMENT RESULTS Watershed Conditions Canyon above the Interstate 215 2009). Approximately 4 of the crossing, drains 33,272 acres of 10.8 miles of upper Parleys Size and Land Use wooded mountainous terrain. Creek has been piped to Upper Parleys Creek flows 10.8 accommodate freeway Parleys Creek lies between miles and its two major construction. The majority of the Emigration Creek to the north headwater tributaries, Mountain upper subwatershed is forested, and Mill Creek to the south Dell Canyon and Lambs with less than 10% of the area (Figure 3.1). The upper Canyon, flow for 6.2 miles and developed and an estimated subwatershed, located in Parleys 5.3 miles respectively (SLCO overall impervious cover of Figure 3.1. Parleys Creek watershed (map from SLCO 2009). SALT LAKE CITY OCTOBER 2010 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES3-1 BIO-WEST, INC. RIPARIAN CORRIDOR STUDY FINAL PARLEYS CREEK MANAGEMENT PLAN 11.5% (SLCO 2009). Much of Hydrology Flows are not typically released the subwatershed lies within the out of Mountain Dell Dam except Wastach National Forest and is The hydrology of Parleys Creek when the reservoir fills during managed primarily for low- is altered by the water storage spring runoff, and during base impact recreation. The areas and flow regulation operations of flow periods the stream dries up above the Mountain Dell/Parleys Mountain Dell and Little Dell for some distance below the dam Creek confluence receive Reservoirs. Originally completed until gains from groundwater protection as a Salt Lake City in 1917, Mountain Dell Dam is a resupply surface flow. Within the water supply watershed. Other 3,000 acre-foot storage facility lower subwatershed, some significant land uses in the upper located at the confluence of additional flow regulation watershed include residential Parleys Creek and Mountain Dell capacity is provided by the 140 cabins in Lambs and Mount Aire Canyon (Figure 3.1, SLCC acre-foot pond in Sugar House Canyons, the City-owned 2010). Little Dell Dam, located Park. Mountain Dell Golf Course, just upstream of Mountain Dell gravel mining, and Reservoir, was constructed in Parleys Creek’s hydrology is transportation. Parleys Creek 1993 and impounds a 20,500 characterized by a distinct parallels Interstate 80 throughout acre-foot reservoir designed for springtime peak typical of the study area. flood control, water supply, and snowmelt-driven systems. Based recreation (SLCC 2009). The on analysis of flow data recorded The lower Parleys Creek sub- City’s Parleys Water Treatment at the County gage near Suicide watershed is much smaller, Plant (PWTP) is located just Rock from 1980-2005, mean draining 4,112 acres of primarily downstream of Mountain Dell annual flow is 14.4 cfs, average forested, residential and park Dam, and diverts water from the monthly flow is highest in May areas below the canyon mouth. reservoir to the municipal water (Figure 3.2), and base flows Lower Parleys Creek flows delivery system (SLCO 2009). average about 2 cfs. Peak daily approximately 3.3 miles; of this length about 0.7 miles has been piped to accommodate road crossings. An additional 3.7 miles of lower Parleys Creek west of the RCS study area is conveyed in engineered conduits to the Jordan River (Figure 1.1). Estimated existing impervious cover is 28.9% within the lower sub-watershed; this value is predicted to reach 32.5% by 2030 as a result of additional commercial development (SLCO 2009). More than 60% of the lower Parleys Creek subwatershed lies within the City’s municipal boundaries. Figure 3.2. Monthly flows at Salt Lake County’s gage at Suicide Rock. SALT LAKE CITY OCTOBER 2010 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES3-2 BIO-WEST, INC. RIPARIAN CORRIDOR STUDY FINAL PARLEYS CREEK MANAGEMENT PLAN transition to the valley. Within the RCS study area, Parleys Creek flows through areas mapped as primary and secondary groundwater recharge zones, and studies have estimated losses to groundwater to range from about 1.4 to 7 cfs (SLCO 2009). Urbanization and development throughout the watershed have affected surface water- groundwater patterns. As more of the watershed has been converted to impervious surfaces, a greater proportion of storm water runs off as surface flow rather than infiltrating into the ground, leaving less groundwater available to supply baseflow to the creek during the summer dry period (Figure 3.3). No streamflow gage exists at the downstream end of the study Figure 3.3. Relationship between impervious cover and surface area, so no quantitative data are runoff. Impervious cover in a watershed results available to characterize in increased surface runoff. Diagram and caption text hydrology after the creek flows from FISRWG 1998. through the most urbanized flow occurs on May 12th on subwatershed (SLCO 2009). portion of watershed average (SLCO 2009), and Above the PWTP Parleys Creek downstream from the Suicide average annual high flow is 105 is classified as having perennial Rock gage. However, field cfs based on analysis of the flow; below the PWTP the creek observations during storm events 1980-2005 time period. Since is classified as “perennial- suggest that flows in the lower completion of Little Dell Dam, reduced”, indicating that flows reaches of the creek can be quite however, high flows have been are artificially reduced by the “flashy”, with rapid, brief rises in more substantially regulated, with stream diversions for municipal flow during storms. This is a an average annual high flow water supply. common hydrologic pattern in value of 75 cfs for the urbanized systems (Figure 3.4). 1993–2005 time period. Because of natural alluvial deposition patterns, Wasatch No storage reservoirs are present Average annual precipitation mountain streams including on lower Parleys Creek within ranges from 22 to 42 inches in Parleys Creek also naturally lose the RCS study area, but the the upper subwatershed, and some surface flow to Sugar House Park pond serves from 11 to 22 inches in the lower groundwater where the canyons as an on-line debris basin facility SALT LAKE CITY OCTOBER 2010 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES3-3 BIO-WEST, INC. RIPARIAN CORRIDOR STUDY FINAL PARLEYS CREEK MANAGEMENT PLAN that traps the majority of coarse Below: Parleys Creek debris grate. sediment loads. It is estimated that the pond was last dredged in the early 1990s. Since that time, a significant volume of sediment has accumulated in the pond, reducing pond depth and capacity (L. Hemphill 2010, pers. comm.). The County regularly removes debris from the grated culvert inlet at the downstream end of reach LPC_R03 (Figure 2.1) and from a debris grate located about 500 feet upstream from that inlet. A new County debris basin facility is proposed in this area as part of the draft Comprehensive Use and Management Plan for Parleys Historic Nature Park (MGB&A et al. 2010a). Water Quality Above Mountain Dell Reservoir, Parleys Creek’s beneficial use classifications as designated by the Utah Division of Water Quality (DWQ) include 1C (high quality drinking water), 2B (secondary contact recreation), and 3A (cold water fishery). In this upper segment, the creek’s water quality is good and fully Figure 3.4. A comparison of hydrographs before and after supports all of its beneficial uses urbanization. The discharge curve is higher and steeper (DWQ 2006). Below Mountain for urban streams than for natural streams. Diagram Dell Reservoir, the designated and caption text from FISRWG 1998. beneficial uses include 2B and 3A; in this segment Parleys Creek standards for any specific water 2007). Within the Sugar House is listed as impaired and only quality constituents at this time. Park pond, outbreaks of avian partially supporting its 3A use However, the creek is subject to botulism and bacteria concerns due to habitat alterations (DWQ a variety of potential have been problems in recent 2006). contamination sources and fish years (L. Hemphill 2010, pers. kills have been documented in comm.). Within Parleys Canyon Parleys Creek is not currently the stream below Suicide Rock as in the wintertime, UDOT listed by DWQ as exceeding state recently as 2007 (Prettyman regularly salts the six lanes of SALT LAKE CITY OCTOBER 2010 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES3-4 BIO-WEST, INC. RIPARIAN CORRIDOR STUDY FINAL PARLEYS CREEK MANAGEMENT PLAN Interstate 80, and these road salts from these newer sites have not and alluvial deposits (Bryant wash directly into Parleys Creek yet gone through quality 1990). Approximately 50 to via storm drains that do not assurance/control procedures 86.2% of the soils in the upper provide any water quality and have not been released to Parleys Creek sub-watershed treatment. The Parleys Canyon the public or comprehensively have severe to very severe soil section of I-80 is a major trucking analyzed. Bacteriological data erosion potential (SLCO 2009). route, and accidents occasionally are also collected independently involve spills that have the by DPU at three sites on Parleys Once it exits the canyon, lower potential to contaminate the Creek; a scatter plot of the DPU Parleys Creek flows through a nearby creek. Sediment inputs E.coli data is provided in Figure series of Pleistocene Lake associated with poorly stabilized 3.5. Results are highly variable, Bonneville deposits ranging from highway fill slopes, and occasional high spikes that finer-grained silt and clay unprotected/broken storm drain exceed the acute state 2B deposits to coarser sand and outlets, and dust tracked out standard (668 CFU/100 mL) gravel deposits (Bryant 1990). from the gravel pit also have have been documented at all Artificial fill material, primarily potential water quality impacts. three monitoring sites. No associated with Interstate 80, also Septic systems for the residential obvious spatial or temporal borders the stream in several of cabins in the upper watershed trends are apparent, and the the lower reaches.
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