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Identifying Threats Associated with Man-In-The-Middle Attacks During Communication Between a Mobile Device and the Back End Server in Mobile Banking Applications
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 16, Issue 2, Ver. IX (Mar-Apr. 2014), PP 35-42 www.iosrjournals.org Identifying Threats Associated With Man-In-The-Middle Attacks during Communication between a Mobile Device and the Back End Server in Mobile Banking Applications Anthony Luvanda1,*Dr Stephen Kimani1 Dr Micheal Kimwele1 1. School of Computing and Information Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000-00200 Nairobi Kenya Abstract: Mobile banking, sometimes referred to as M-Banking, Mbanking or SMS Banking, is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments, credit applications and other banking transactions through a mobile device such as a mobile phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Mobile banking has until recently most often been performed via SMS or the Mobile Web. Apple's initial success with iPhone and the rapid growth of phones based on Google's Android (operating system) have led to increasing use of special client programs, called apps, downloaded to the mobile device hence increasing the number of banking applications that can be made available on mobile phones . This in turn has increased the popularity of mobile device use in regards to personal banking activities. Due to the characteristics of wireless medium, limited protection of the nodes, nature of connectivity and lack of centralized managing point, wireless networks tend to be highly vulnerable and more often than not they become subjects of attack. This paper proposes to identify potential threats associated with communication between a mobile device and the back end server in mobile banking applications. -
Recent Developments in Cybersecurity Melanie J
American University Business Law Review Volume 2 | Issue 2 Article 1 2013 Fiddling on the Roof: Recent Developments in Cybersecurity Melanie J. Teplinsky Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aublr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Teplinsky, Melanie J. "Fiddling on the Roof: Recent Developments in Cybersecurity." American University Business Law Review 2, no. 2 (2013): 225-322. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Business Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES FIDDLING ON THE ROOF: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CYBERSECURITY MELANIE J. TEPLINSKY* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................... ..... 227 I. The Promise and Peril of Cyberspace .............. ........ 227 II. Self-Regulation and the Challenge of Critical Infrastructure ......... 232 III. The Changing Face of Cybersecurity: Technology Trends ............ 233 A. Mobile Technology ......................... 233 B. Cloud Computing ........................... ...... 237 C. Social Networking ................................. 241 IV. The Changing Face of Cybersecurity: Cyberthreat Trends ............ 244 A. Cybercrime ................................. ..... 249 1. Costs of Cybercrime -
Advanced Persistent Threats
THREAT RESEARCH Defending Against Advanced Persistent Threats Introduction As the name “Advanced” suggests, APT (advanced persistent threat) is one of the most sophisticated and organized forms of network attacks that keep cybersecurity professionals up at night. Unlike many hit & run traditional cyberattacks, an APT is carried out over a prolonged period of time by skilled threat actors who strategize multi-staged campaigns against their targets, employing clandestine tools & techniques such as Remote Administration Tools (RAT), Toolkits, Backdoor Trojans, Social Engineering, DNS Tunneling etc. These experienced cybercriminals are mostly backed & well-funded by nation states and corporation-backed organizations to specifi cally target high value organizations with the following objectives in mind: a Theft of Intellectual Property & classifi ed data i.e. Cyber Espionage a Access to critical & sensitive communications a Access to credentials of critical systems a Sabotage or exfi ltration of databases a Theft of Personal Identifi able Information (PII) a Access to critical infrastructure to perform internal reconnaissance To achieve the above goals, APT Groups use novel techniques to obfuscate their actions and easily bypass traditional security barriers that are not advancing at the same rate as the sophisticated attack patterns of cybercriminals. To understand the evolved behavioral pattern of APT Groups in the year 2020, a review of their latest activities revealed interesting developments and a few groundbreaking events¹: a Southeast Asia -
What Every CEO Needs to Know About Cybersecurity
What Every CEO Needs to Know About Cybersecurity Decoding the Adversary AT&T Cybersecurity Insights Volume 1 AT&T Cybersecurity Insights: Decoding the Adversary 1 Contents 03 Letter from John Donovan Senior Executive Vice President AT&T Technology and Operations 04 Executive Summary 05 Introduction 07 Outsider Threats 15 Looking Ahead: Outsider Threats 16 Best Practices: Outsiders 18 Insider Threats 24 Looking Ahead: New Potential Threats 25 Looking Ahead: Emerging Risks 26 Best Practices: Malicious Insiders 27 Best Practices: Unintentional Insiders 28 Moving Forward 32 Conclusion 33 Know the Terms For more information: Follow us on Twitter @attsecurity 35 End Notes and Sources Visit us at: Securityresourcecenter.att.com © 2015 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. AT&T, the AT&T Globe logo and all other AT&T marks contained herein are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property and/or AT&T affiliated companies. The information contained herein is not an offer, commitment, representation or warranty by AT&T and is subject to change. 2 ATT.com/network-security Business leader, Welcome to the inaugural issue of AT&T Cybersecurity Insights, a comprehensive look at our analysis and findings from deep inside AT&T’s network operations groups, outside research firms, and network partners. This first issue, “Decoding the Adversary,” focuses on whether or not you and your board of directors are doing enough to protect against cyber threats. Security is not simply a CIO, CSO, or IT department issue. Breaches, leaked documents, and cybersecurity attacks impact stock prices and competitive edge. It is a responsibility that must be shared amongst all employees, and CEOs and board members must proactively mitigate future challenges. -
“Hacktivists” Strike Back
SECUrITY AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE Supporters of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange “Hacktivists” Strike Back wear Guy Fawkes masks Cyber attacks on financial institutions serve as they demonstrate against his arrest in as a warning sign Amsterdam in December 2010. The “Hacktivist” in december 2010, the websites of international financial services gi- group “Anonymous” has ants Visa, Mastercard and PayPal were temporarily shut down, victims adopted the Guy Fawkes of a coordinated cyber attack dubbed Operation Payback by its per- image as its public face. petrators. “Hacktivists” who support wikileaks and its founder Julian assange attacked after the companies terminated service and disabled donations to the website. The economic impact of the attack remains unclear and the tar- geted companies denied suffering consequential losses. but the attackers, using the names “anon” and “anonymous,” demonstrated the ability of cyber attacks to infiltrate and damage businesses and government agencies. A modern form of protest Amazon, the online retailer that hosted Anonymous didn’t protest by chanting slogans Wikileaks on its servers, was the first to pull out. or waving signs — it struck against Wikileaks’ Visa, MasterCard and PayPal soon followed, perceived enemies in the spirit of the virtual essentially crippling Wikileaks’ ability to accept world they share. Wikileaks, whose raison d'être is donations that support publishing efforts. The exposing classified or confidential government cyber attacks started soon after. or corporate information, is under pressure When Anonymous staged its attack in the vir- from the United States and other governments tual world, it used a favorite weapon of the cyber after leaking more than 250,000 U.S. -
Security News Digest July 25, 2017
Security News Digest July 25, 2017 Canada will remain where it is for a long time to come, but the Canada’s Security Scene Quiz will move to the Information Security Awareness previous quizzes page at the end of July. Watch this space for the August feature! August 1st is acknowledged across the globe as World Wide Web Day! World Wide Web Day, marks the birth of the Web in August 1990 at the Europe Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Switzerland. Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau developed a prototype Web browser and introduced Hypertext Markup Language, HTML. The first ever website was published on August 6, 1991 and served up a page explaining the World Wide Web project and giving information on how users could setup a web server and how to create their own websites and web pages, as well as how they could search the web for information. The URL for the first ever web page put up on the first ever website was http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html The World Wide Web ('WWW' or simply the 'Web') is a global information medium which users can read and write via computers connected to the Internet. The term [web] is often mistakenly used as a synonym for the Internet itself, but the Web is a service that operates over the Internet, just as e-mail also does. The history of the Internet dates back significantly further than that of the World Wide Web. On July 21st, the Google “Doodle” honoured Canadian Marshall McLuhan! [“the Medium is the Message”] Who is Marshall McLuhan? Meet the Canadian Media Theorist Who Predicted the Internet http://nationalpost.com/news/canada/who-is-marshall-mcluhan-how-a-canadian-media-theorist-predicted-the- internet/wcm/194cb7e2-e778-4780-9aba-6eb94831fcc5 Canadian professor Marshall McLuhan rose to prominence as a media theorist while teaching at the University of Toronto in the 1960s. -
13Th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Going Viral 2021
2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Confict: Going Viral T. Jančárková, L. Lindström, G. Visky, P. Zotz (Eds.) 2021 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER CONFLICT: GOING VIRAL Copyright © 2021 by NATO CCDCOE Publications. All rights reserved. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP2126N-PRT ISBN (print): 978-9916-9565-4-0 ISBN (pdf): 978-9916-9565-5-7 COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSIONS No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence ([email protected]). This restriction does not apply to making digital or hard copies of this publication for internal use within NATO, or for personal or educational use when for non-proft or non-commercial purposes, providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the frst page as follows: [Article author(s)], [full article title] 2021 13th International Conference on Cyber Confict: Going Viral T. Jančárková, L. Lindström, G. Visky, P. Zotz (Eds.) 2021 © NATO CCDCOE Publications NATO CCDCOE Publications LEGAL NOTICE: This publication contains the opinions of the respective authors only. They do not Filtri tee 12, 10132 Tallinn, Estonia necessarily refect the policy or the opinion of NATO Phone: +372 717 6800 CCDCOE, NATO, or any agency or any government. NATO CCDCOE may not be held responsible for Fax: +372 717 6308 any loss or harm arising from the use of information E-mail: [email protected] contained in this book and is not responsible for the Web: www.ccdcoe.org content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication. -
Mobile Financial Fraud April 2013
White Paper: Mobile Financial Fraud April 2013 Mobile Threats and the Underground Marketplace Principal Investigator and Corresponding Author Jart Armin Contributing Researchers Andrey Komarov, Mila Parkour, Raoul Chiesa, Bryn Thompson, Will Rogofsky Panel & Review Dr. Ray Genoe (UCD), Robert McArdle (Trend Micro), Dave Piscitello (ICANN), Foy Shiver (APWG), Edgardo Montes de Oca (Montimage), Peter Cassidy (APWG) APWG Mobile Fraud web site http://ecrimeresearch.org/wirelessdevice/Fraud/ Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction and Starting Position ........................................................................................ 2 A Global Overview .................................................................................................................. 3 Vulnerabilities Overview ....................................................................................................... 3 The Underground Mobile Market ....................................................................................... 13 Mobile DNS & Traffic ........................................................................................................... 15 iBots & the Pocket Botnet ..................................................................................................... 18 Mobile Intrusion ................................................................................................................... -
Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020
Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Contents Figures of the year 3 Financial threats 4 Number of users attacked by banking malware 4 Attack geography 5 Top 10 financial malware families 6 Ransomware programs 7 Number of users attacked by ransomware Trojans 7 Attack geography 8 Miners 10 Number of users attacked by miners 10 Attack geography 11 Vulnerable applications used by cybercriminals during cyber attacks 12 Attacks on macOS 14 Threat geography 15 IoT attacks 17 IoT threat statistics 17 Threats loaded into traps 19 Attacks via web resources 20 Countries that are sources of web-based attacks: 20 Countries where users faced the greatest risk of online infection 21 Top 20 malicious programs most actively used in online attacks 22 Local threats 24 Top 20 malicious objects detected on user computers 24 Countries where users faced the highest risk of local infection 25 2 Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2020. Statistics Figures of the year • During the year, 10.18% of Internet user computers worldwide experienced at least one Malware-class attack. • Kaspersky solutions blocked 666,809,967 attacks launched from online resources in various countries across the world. • 173,335,902 unique URLs were recognized as malicious by Web Anti-Virus. • Our Web Anti-Virus blocked 33,412,568 unique malicious objects. • Ransomware attacks were defeated on the computers of 549,301 unique users. • During the reporting period, miners attacked 1,523,148 unique users. • Attempted infections by malware designed to steal money via online access to bank accounts were logged on the devices of 668,619 users. -
Detecting Botnets Using File System Indicators
Detecting botnets using file system indicators Master's thesis University of Twente Author: Committee members: Peter Wagenaar Prof. Dr. Pieter H. Hartel Dr. Damiano Bolzoni Frank Bernaards LLM (NHTCU) December 12, 2012 Abstract Botnets, large groups of networked zombie computers under centralised control, are recognised as one of the major threats on the internet. There is a lot of research towards ways of detecting botnets, in particular towards detecting Command and Control servers. Most of the research is focused on trying to detect the commands that these servers send to the bots over the network. For this research, we have looked at botnets from a botmaster's perspective. First, we characterise several botnet enhancing techniques using three aspects: resilience, stealth and churn. We see that these enhancements are usually employed in the network communications between the C&C and the bots. This leads us to our second contribution: we propose a new botnet detection method based on the way C&C's are present on the file system. We define a set of file system based indicators and use them to search for C&C's in images of hard disks. We investigate how the aspects resilience, stealth and churn apply to each of the indicators and discuss countermeasures botmasters could take to evade detection. We validate our method by applying it to a test dataset of 94 disk images, 16 of which contain C&C installations, and show that low false positive and false negative ratio's can be achieved. Approaching the botnet detection problem from this angle is novel, which provides a basis for further research. -
European Cyber Security Perspectives 2015 | 3 Preface
European Cyber Security Perspectives 2015 | 3 Preface Dear reader, Following the success of last year’s publication, we are proud to present the second edition of our European Cyber Security Perspectives report. Through this collection of articles, we aim to share our different perspectives and insights, the latest developments and achievements in the field of cyber security, cybercrime investigations and cyber resilience. By uniting the expertise of four parties with diverse roles in the cyber security domain, we hope to offer some fresh perspectives on issues and developments that we believe to be relevant for society. Rather than presenting you with bare facts and figures, we describe real-life cases and experiences from our professional practice. Topics include the trends to watch in 2015, responses to high-profile vulnerabilities and advances in the detection and investigation of targeted cyber attacks. Each article in the report can be read independently, allowing you to focus on the topics that interest you most. A central theme in this year’s report is cooperation in cyber security. We strongly believe in the value of uniting cyber security capabilities across public and private organisations and even national borders. In fact, you will see that many of the articles in this publication have been co-authored by specialists from different parties. This reflects the growth in our collaborative projects when addressing the latest cyber security challenges. We aim to foster more of those partnerships in the coming year. We encourage you to build on our work and experiences and hope that this report will inspire further enhancements in cyber security, cybercrime investigations and cyber resilience, both in the Netherlands and abroad. -
The Dridex Swiss Army Knife: Big Data Dissolves the APT & Crime Grey Area
#RSAC SESSION ID: HT-W10 The Dridex Swiss Army knife: big data dissolves the APT & crime grey area Eward Driehuis Director of product Fox-IT @brakendelama #RSAC Understanding criminal evolution Global visibility Collaboration Investigations Feeds #RSAC May 2014 #RSAC Rewind 9 years… 2006 Slavik launches ZeuS 2009 SpyEye & Carberp compete for market share 2010 Slavik creates ZeuS2 Hands over ZeuS support to the SpyEye guy 2011 ZeuS2 code leaks 2012 Gribodemon & Carberp members arrested In 2009 Slavik had joined JabberZeuS And Evolved to GameOver / P2PZeuS #RSAC The Businessclub Legacy Businesslike Financial guy perfected money laundry Targeted commercial banking Perfected the Hybrid attack / Tokengrabber Perfected ransomware / Cryptolocker Did some “light espionage” #RSAC Business club after Slavik Dyre Businessclub (GameOver ZeuS gang until May 2014) EvilCorp (Dridex crew) #RSAC Dridex: EvilCorp’s Swiss Army knife #RSAC EvilCorp network expands Core businessclub members in EvilCorp & Dridex operators Leveraging existing money laundry networks Branching out: Dridex operators do ransomware, RATs, Credit Cards, high value targets Ties with Anunak / Carbanak #RSAC Dridex Malware Based on Bugat/Cridex/Feodo, since 2014 Speading: scattergun (spam / attachments) Modular architecture P2P, with 3 operating modes: Token Grabber, data mining, inter node comm Using businessclub technology Loader dropping many different malwares #RSAC #RSAC EvilCorp: Dridex Targets 2015 -2017 #RSAC EvilCorp: ”Gucci” accounts Harvesting data from victims Big data techniques