FORDS, FEREIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR . 209

I. FORDS, PERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. Br THOMAS REID, M.A., LANAKK. The , drawing its water from many affluents, all rapid, noisy d wildlan , y frolicsome, assumes afte s junctioit r n wite th h Duneaton Wate broaa r deed dan p current. From this point down- wards for many a mile fords were carefully noted and extensively used, though their use was frequently accompanied with great loss of life. a verTher d passages ol y wa e opposite Roberton leading across to Wandal parish, replaced by a bridge in 1661, the oldest bridge over Clyde above Brig. From Roberto o Culternt , Clyde flows between wooded banks, heathy uplands, pasturesd an , cornfields til t reachei l confinee sth Biggaf o s r parish, wher t epassei s along the very edge of an outspread morass, so slightly elevated above its ordinary current that at every high freshet its water is discharged into the Biggar Burn, thence into Tweed. Here Culter Bridge spans e rivee Clydeth th rs A approache. s Thankerto s compellei t ni o dt tak vasa e t sweep roun eastere dth n bas Tintof eo circuitouo s , s that water-waa twentf yo y miles, exclusiv manf eo minoya r loop reduces ,i d abouo t miles x travellee si tth f ,i r take direce sth t route acros bene sth d from to Hyndford. Around this sweep of the river, many ancient places of transit can be traced : a ford, ferry, and bridge (1778 t Thankertoa ) fora n; d near Covingto e Blac th t for n; Po k d between and ; the Lampits ferry-float; Langfurde and Mary's ford between Pettinain and ; Carmichael ford ferryd an longeo n , r used sinc e buildine th bridge th f go e t a clos y b e Hyndford (1773). At various points along an extremely placid reach rivere oth f , extending from Hyndford Bridg Bonningtoo et n Falle ar , notee b o dt several passage fory b sr ferry do , suc s Howfordha , Crook Boat, Tillieford, all now discontinued. Below Cora Linn there is 4 1 VOL. XLVII. 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

found one of the most important passes through the Water of Clyde, viz. the Clydesholm ford, ferry, and bridge (1694-9). Four miles farther down the river come the ford, boat, and bridge (1793) of Crossford. Immediately below the Clydesholm Bridge the Water of Mouse (i.e. Moss) enters Clyde, over which on its lower course several old and important bridges have been buil : tCleghor n Bridge (about 1661), Lockhart Mill Bridge (1776), Cartland Bridge (1822) d Mousemilnan , - brig (1649). The Leechford, quite close to Jerviswood House, once the residence of Robert Baillie, martyred 1684, is the oldest, and in early times was the most frequented of all the crossings of the Mouse, as it lay King'e onth s highway fro fore mt th Clydesholda Lothianse th mo t .

CLYDE'S BRIDGE. Betwee e parisheth n f Eobertoo s Wandad nan l there existed from of old a ford across Clyde to which converged several " oroce wayes and passadges." It was also of some importance to such travellers as " have occasione frowese e placth y th f mgo coman o o f ett e o d ean Kingdome towardis the eastermost pairts, and from the north-west e soutth o ht betuix e e moutriveth th t f r o hCly d from , downwardid an , s towardi wese sth t bordere Cairlylld san , the entrie to Ingland on that hand, Or betuixt this chief citie and metropolitant d pairtian , s adjacen e placeth t f greateso s t resorf o t the Kingdome, and the boundis of Nithisdaill, Galloway, Kilpatrick, and Ireland." This ford, too, lay on the route leading from the mines at to Biggar, whither in the first instance the lead ore was carried on pack-horses previous to its distribution to other centres, e.g. Leit r Glasgowo h , This pack-horse traffi s attendewa c d with danger both by flood and field : we'read under date 1597 that a convoy of Leadhills pack-horses laden with ore after crossing the ford was attacked and robbed by some " broken men of the bordure," who took possession of the " horses, armour, clothing, and haill carriages." FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 211

The crossing of the ford was frequently attended with loss of life ; and though a ferry-boat was used especially for workpeople from the village of Roberton going to field labour on the other side of the river, it was generally considered that there was no " fitting place for ferrie boat thro feircenee w th e curren th f o s t neisteie th r p mountained san hillis." Ther s evidentlewa y much neea safe f o dr mean f transio s t at this part of the Upper Clyde. A public movement was begun in the early part of the seventeenth century to erect a bridge at this spot; but men and measures were in those days slow to move. The Presbytery of Lanark, dissatisfied with the want of progress in the undertaking, record in their minutes, 22nd March 1632, " The Brether thinkes it meet that the delay of the buildin brige gth g over Cly t Robertonda e shoul regratee db e th o dt erl f Angueo t soma s e convenient occasion. furtheo N " r mentiof no this movemen s beeha tn recorded e yearTh .s that immediately followed 1632 were more remarkabl r politicafo e d ecclesiasticaan l l strife than for the useful arts of peace. The matter was not renewed till about thirty years after. In 1661 a petitio presentes nwa Scottise th o dt h Parliament, signe "y db Clau d Baillie ; W. B., Hardington, and W. B., Littelgill, for ourselves and in name of Roberton paroch and Wandell; Sir W. B., Lamington, in name of myself and tenants ; Sir W. Somervell ; Ard Lindsay ; A. M., Culterallers, for myself and tenantes; J. H., Gilkercleughe, for my tenantes; Ro'. Bailyi " ; in which the suppliants craved favourable consideration to a proposal for erecting a bridge near the Roberton ford. They stat n theii e r petition: "That the s upoi r n the verie centre (as it \ver) of thes croce wayes and passadges ane most convenien tsai e placth d n riveeo r naturallie situa alsweilo ts l throe wth firmnes of the chaunell into a narrow cut over as throw the firmnes of e othee grun th d beinth n sy ro d g ston d roak ean y bot b , h whic• e hth plac r buildinfo e e brid d an gInduranc an g e thairo e evidentliDo f e appea Godiy (b r s providenc orderito s e ) Bein e nixd secongth an t d 2 21 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 191310 Y .

meanes under his goodnes for several good efiectis and preveining of the lamentable loses and dangers at the ford." The petitioners con- clude by asking Parliament " to authorize some fitt and eflectuall wa r accomplishinyfo gooo gs a dwor cristiand an k e purpose th s a e building of ane bridg at the said river at such ane place thairof quhair evideno s t advantag f placino e e samegth n doet evidentlio hs d an e obviouslie offer." The Estates of Parliament in a favourable reply grant authority to build not only a bridge over Clyde, but also another over ; and, seeing that the land wherteon the is to be built belongs to Sir William Baillie of Littlegill, they ask him to under- o mee t e necessar tak d th e wort an th e k; y expense they ordained. voluntare "an y contributio collectee b r o ngatheret fo d d dan an y db him throw all the paroches both in burgh and landward on the south e watesidth f fforthf eo o r recommend l noblemenan al , o t d m dhi an , magistrat ministerd san respective th f so e presbetries withi e sainth d bounds." Anticipating, however, that such collectio- nin wile b l adequate purposee foth r , they furtheheirs hi sd e r" an an gran m hi t custom e payeb t o Clydt ea d s Bridge o witr t eac, fo , h footmar o n woman, two pennies Scots ; for each horse with his load or ryder, sex pennie r nolfo t s; beas r singlo t e horse, four sheipk pennieil r fo , s; pennieo thesd tw an satisfaction i e s ; e rateb e customo st th f no f o e both bridges and to be continued dureing the space of twenty seven years afte buildine th r complietind gan saie th d f gbridge,o findine "h g caution to build the bridge in two years. The bridges were built under these conditions, that over Clyde (fig bein) 1 . g erecte spoa t da t called Ramweill Craigs near Catchapel. e samth en I yea whicn i r h this granScottise mads th y wa tb e h Parliament r JameSi , s Hop f Hopetouo e d Damnan e Anna Foulis, his spouse, who had recently become proprietors of the mines at Leadhills obtaininn i , gratificatioa n unde e greath r t a gransea f o l t of these mines from Parliament, were empowered to improve the roads FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 213

leading from their mines to the various Scottish ports, a work evidently undertake connection ni n wit e projectehth d bridges over Clydd ean Duneaton. Water. It was declared lawful for the grantees " to cause mend and repair any whatsumever His Majesties wayes leading from saide th s myneheiy an d o burgst r seaporho t within this kindgome, by breaking doun of the heigh, filling up of the hollow parts of the said

[Photo. Hunter, Port-Glasgow. Fig . Clyde'1 . s Bridge, near Boberton.

wayes, calseyin myree th laird f go san s therein makind an , same gth e passible for carts, straight, plane, and of competent breadth of tuelff foots at least, according as His Majesties hieways should be by the lawe d customsan f thio e s realme f furtheo r o , r breadt e saith d s ha hiewayes have been pathed and used by His Majesties leidges in any time past." No record, however, has been preserved of the fulfilment of this undertaking. n consequencI e facilitieth f o e s affordee erectioe th th y b f do n bridges over Clyde and Duneaton Water, the improvement doubtless 4 21 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 191310 Y .

effected on the roads connected therewith, and the introduction of more scientific methods for the lead ore at Leadhills and Wanlockhead, which seems to have taken place at this time, it became practicable to convey the lead ore along these highways in greater quantities. Hitherto a pack-horse load would amount to about cwt.3 , more or less, accordin strengte th bease o glengtth t d f han to h of journey. Now little carts were substituted for panniers, each cart carryin e forgloacwt.a 7 th firse f barsf mdo o n i Th ,t .halting-plac e for Biggar t thesa s ewa , which becam depoea t for distributio Scottisno t h ports, especially Leith, whenc leashippee s eth dwa d reale furtth f mo h e Continentth o t particulan i , Flanderso t r comine Th goind . gan g of these carts cause o smaln d e littll th sti en i rtown d broughan , t considerable trade to merchants—a prosperity that lasted well-nigh two hundred years, i.e. unti e constructioth l e Caledoniath f o n n Railway diverted the routes of transport, and so removed the piles of lead bars which during these two centuries formed so marked a feature of Biggar High Street, and closed inn and stable and many place f merchandiseso . 166n I " e bridgeso custom3th tw e ,th s Clyd t "Duneatona d an e , were readjusted : " for every horse and load, 12 pennies Scots ; for d horsean ever pennie8 w , r everco y fo s; y sheip that should pass alongst these two bridges or either of them or who shall pass that way through the lands of William Baillie whether they take the bridge or not, 2 pennies ; for each single horseman, 6 pennies ; and for each footman, 2 pennies." These " customs " were renewe 1707n d i Parliamenf o t , wheAc n na t s passewa favoun di f Cecilio r a Wedderburn, relic f Williao t m Baillie, Lady Littlegill, and William Baillie, her son, then a student at Glasgow College, continuing said customs for an additional period of twenty- one years. Certain exemptions from pontage at both bridges were made. No toll was to be levied on " the carriages of the lead and lead ore belonging to the Duke of Queensberry and Earle of Hopetoun, FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS BRIDGED AN , S NEAR LANARK5 21 .

and victual and materialls for the use of the workmen and mynes passin e saidth g s bridges which wit e carriadgesth h , carriersd an , servants, cart-horses d otheran , s employed shall hav d enjoean y free passadges without payment of any of the saids duties or any other impediment or mollestation whatsomever." The family were required to keep the bridges in repair at the sight of the Duke of Queensberry, the Earls of Forfar, Hyndford, Hopetoun and the Laird of Lamington, or any two of them. The above pontage dues were never after 1707 renewed, and the bridge has long been free. Both bridges have been very substantially built havd an , e beef no great use in local and through traffic. FORD AND BRIDGE AT WOLFCLYDE. There e roaexisteth dn o leadin dd frool f gmo from Bigga Symo t r - ington, Carmichael, and Douglas district, a much-frequented ford called Wolfclyde o nameds , , accordin o populat g r belief, froe mth killing of the last wolf run down at this spot ; a name, however, more a corruptio e likelb o t y f Wathclydeo n e sometimeon s a , s heart i s pronounce countrn di y dialect Clyde , i.e.forth e n th e do (cf. Carnwath, t thia s scourse i ford)e caire parth th t I th f f Clydt o no e.ta e that the levels between its banks and the tract lying to the eastward are so slight tha e adjacenth t t ditches, when Clyde attains high flood, receiv ee overflow parth f o t , whiche Biggath y b ,r Burn conveyes i , d inte Tweedoth . Indeed t wouli , d take very little engineering skill to send the whole current of the upper Clyde at the Wolfclyde ford dow o Berwict n k instea o Glasgow—t f o d a diversion that mighe b t attended with serious consequence e greath o tt s commercial city situate at the mouth of the river. A little to the north of this ford stands the present bridge, sometimes called Cultecarriee b Clydf o a o t rd y ds eBridgeb be ove ha e t I th r . serie f mano s y arches e rivee bane Biggath th s higTh f i r k o n . ho r side, affordin strona g g abutmen e bridge Symingtoth th r n efo to ; n 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

sidcarries i t ei d ove considerablra e exten landf o t , liablfloodee b o et d timen i f ordinarspaten si o t bu , y condition streae th f mso presenting a long row of dry arches. The present road over this bridge com- municates -with the main artery of traffic opened up in 1822 between Stirling and Carlisle. THANKERTON FORD, FERRY BRIDGED AN , . e ancienTh t thoroughfare betwee e towe th nf th Bigga o n d an r

[Photo. Brown, Lanark. Fig . Thankerto2 . n Bridge over Clyde.

burg f Lanarho k passed over fore Clydferrd th dan f Thanker t yo ea - ton. This crossing, though distant about seven miles from the burgh, was at times an object of solicitude to the Lanark magistrates, inas- much as by it the traffic between the two most populous places in the Uppe securede e yeab th r o rt n War I 1662d . s quaintli dha s ,a y recorded in the Lanark Burgh Records—and this instance may not have bee a nsolitar y one,— e baillie"th d counselan s s conteni l o t t give to the botteris at Thankerton boat to help to build the samin ten merks Scotts." FORDS, FERKIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 217

The bridge was huilt in 1778, the expense of erection being borne by the county. The banks of the river on the Thankerton side are rocky e Quothqua, th bold higd n i an ,h; n directiow lo no s the e yar thae approacth t made b h embankmenty o b et ther s eha timn I . e of flood the low-lying haughs are completely submerged, including thi st seldoapproachno o s m d causinan , g difficult gettinn i y g access

[Photo. Currie, Lanark. Fig . Lampit3 . s Ferry-Float over Clyd t Pettinainea . e bridgeth o t . Sinc e formatioeth e Stirlinth f d Carlislo n gan e road this ancient thoroughfare is only employed for local traffic.

LAMPITS FERRY-FLOAT. The Clyde in its upper course above Thankerton Bridge flows with a rapid, lively, sparkling current. Soon thereafte t assumei r s along with increased depth a much slower motion, and continues so for several 218 PROCEEDINGS OP THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

miles as it circles round the secluded parishes of Covington and Pettinain, winding in many a link and loop, fringed with rich haugh- thesf lano meadowsd e edan on placi n O d. reaches e traca th f n ko ,i road leading from Pettinain to Carnwath, there has plied for many years the only ferry-float to be found in the Upper Ward (fig. 3), calle "e dLampitth s Float, nameo "s d fro adjacene mth e t farth n mo Carnwat hrivere sidth f eo . The depth and placidity of the water are well adapted at this spot for a fairly constant service of transport for passengers, carts, and cattle. Occasionall rivee beeys th rha n know threshole th riso n t o et d boathousee oth f rendeo t d an ,r crossing both difficul dangerousd an t . Once in recent times the float was torn from its moorings and carried a considerable distance down stream ferry-floan 190w I .ne 5a s wa t placed on the river at a cost of £400, and this, too, will soon be a thing of the past, for the County Council of the district are making a new road with bridge, intended to give a more direct passage to illustratioe Januard Th .2n e takes th y n wa n 1913no . THE BLACK-POT FORD. Somewhere immediately above the Lampits Ferry a ford is recorded o havt e existed over Clyde betwee e parisheth n f Carnwato s d an h Pettinain. It lay on a line of road running east and west, an ancient thoroughfare, dating, it is alleged, from Eoman times. The road was knowe Drovth s a nes passag it Loan d an ,e across Clyd s callewa e d the Black-Pot Ford; neither road nor ford can n.ow be clearly distinguished. E CARMICHAETH L BAIT. Between Lampits Ferry-Floa d Hyndforan t d Bridge there wern i e use, befor e erectio th ee latter th f no , several ford d ferriesan sw no , wholly abandoned. a passag Therg wa e e between Pettinaid an n Carstairs, called the Langfurde ; one a little farther down, near West- straw Mains, of very ancient date, where at low water the flagstones FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 219

to facilitate crossing may still be seen, attributed to Roman con- struction s nameIt . , Mary's Ford s almosha , f populato diet ou d r memory e mosTh t. frequente f ford o d ferrie an s n thio s s parf o t e Carmichaeth t a Clyd s ewa l Bait, which serve e transia th s da r fo t peopl f Carmichaeo e d Pettinaian l d parishenan n Souti s h Lanark- o shirLanart thein y eo d Carstairs wa kran e neigh farth A .n m i - bourhood still retain e namth s f Cobblehaugho e e BaiTh t . houses ar foree stilth .o t l

HYNDFORD BRIDGE. All the fords and ferries last mentioned fell out of use by the erection oa bridgf e over Clyde near Hyndford, buil n 177i t n accordanc3i e with an Act of Parliament passed the year before. Its erection was intende o facilitatdt e communicatio y coacb n h between d Ayran . From time immemoria e King'th l s highway froe th m metropoli e Wes d th Gallowa an o tst y passed throug e wateth h f o r Clyd t Clydesholmea , situate hal a milf e from Lanark, where wera e forferryd sincd an d an , e 169 routw 9a ne bridge e e proposeTh . n di 1772 came fro e capitamth y Carnwathb l , Carstairs, , to the banks of Clyde between the Carmichael Bait and the Howford, trending thence westward alon e coursth g f Clydo ed Douglaan e s Water to Douglas, Parishholm, Muirkirk, and so on to Ayr. The f Parliameno sait dAc t state e reasonsth r abandoninfo s e Clydesgth - holm rout rivee : "Th r Clyd s oftei e n dangerou impassabld an s e for travellers, and the aforesaid road will not be complete unless there ia bridgs e upo e sainth d rivea plac t a re that shal judgee b l d con- venient nea e Howfordth r e erectinth , buildind gan f whicgo h wile b l attended with considerable expenses. e erectioTh " f thio n s bridge s entruste wa (figr Steve ) M 4 . t consisti o dt n; f fivso e arches, which present a rather imposing appearance when viewed from the banks of the river, and quite justifies the opinion of Mr Lockhart of Baronald, writer of the article in the old Statistical Account of the parish of 220 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, FEBKUARY 10, 1913.

Lanark (1793), viz. that eleganc r "fo simplicitd echallengan y ma t yi e bridgy size an th .n ei f eo " Vere Irving e Upperth n i , Ward of Lanarkshire, speaking of its structural features, says: " The bridg Hyndforf eo esteemes dwa whedfine a on ee nth erecteds ha t bu , faul beinf o t narroo gs wpiere thath sn o trecesse made sar alloo et w shelter for the pedestrian when two conveyances may meet; more- e bridgover th pule p s th heavy,ei u l t witbu ;h such s faultha t i s been a boon to the district, which was dependent on a ferry, by cobble

...... ,.... „..,

[Photo. Currie, Lanark. Fig. 4. Hyndford Bridge over Clyde.

or boat, to carry the traffic, which may have been considerable a centure routth s e yfro wa uppee agot mi th s ,a r lowee Fortth o rht parts of the frith of Clyde, and also from Peebles by Biggar, Liberton, Pettinain, etc., for the town of Lanark." The Act of Parliament of 1772 also arranged for a pontage to be levied at this bridge, not to exceed the following charges, viz.: " For every Coach, Chariot, Landau, Berlin, Chaise, Hearse, Calash or Chair, drawn by six or more horses, mares, geldings, mules or beasts of draught, Is. 6d. ; by four horses, &c., Is. ; by two, 6d.; by one, 3d. For every Waggon, Wain, Cart or other carriage, drawn by six horses, FOEDS, FERRIES, FLOATS BRIDGED AN , S NEAR LANARK. 221

&c., Is. 6d. ; by five, Is. 3d. ; by four, Is. ; by three, 6d.; by two, 4d. ; by one, 2d. : And for every Horse, &c., ass, laden or unladen, and not drawing, Is. ; and for every drove of oxen, or neat cattle, per score, proportion i n greateo y o an s r lesr d nfo ro an s numbe; . everr 6d fo ; ry drove of Calves, Hogs, Sheep or Lambs, per score, 2d. ; and for every person on foot, |d." This bridge took its name from the adjoining estate of Hyndford, long a possession of the Carmichael family, which gave a title to John, Earl of Hyndford, well known in the diplomatic world in the middle of the eighteenth century. trusteee Th f thiso s bridge were empowere f Parliameno t Ac y db t o clost l ford eal d ferries an s hala ,d f withimilesan e non , abovd ean below this bridge, measurin rivere th f .o gd alonbe e gth

FORDS AND FERRIES BELOW HYNDFORD BRIDGE. The distance between the bridge at Hyndford and the Bonnington Fall is a little over a mile. On this part of the river there were no less than five ancient passages, viz. Howford, Hyndfurde, Boathaugh, Crook-Boat Tilliefordd an , . Thesf courso l eal e cease usee b y db o d t f Parliameno t Ac t (mentioned above) t woulbu , d have been disused in any case in consequence of the substantial convenience afforded by Hyndfore th d Bridge. The passage by the Crook-Boat led to the right bank of the d seeman , o havt s e been kep workinn i t g order—ae th s wa s Thankerton boat—by the aid of the magistrates of the burgh of Lanark. Under date 14th December 1671s recordei t i , d tha t e Baillie"th s and Counsell is content to give to the betters of Cruik-Boatt ten punds to make up ane neu boat at Cruik boat betwixt and Candellsmes nixt." The name of this ferry is quite expressive of its situation—on a very sharp bend or loop of Clyde just above the embouchure of the Douglas Water, whose influx nearly double volume sth e mai th f neo stream. On that placid reac f Clydho e immediately abov e Bonningtoeth n 2 22 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAB , 191310 Y .

Fall there was a much used crossing called Tillieford. The situation of thi t devois no for ferrd s f dangedan do ywa n consequenci r s it f o e proximit e uppeth o yt r burge Pall Th f Lanarespecian .o ha d kha l interest in the preservation of this passage, as supplies of coal and peat were conveye e tow th thiy nb o dt s route fro e Douglamth s pitd an s moors. In 1717, when Sir James Cunningham, laird of Bonnington, was abou o interfert t e with thie privilege th e loss f th foro s o t df o s burgesses in their use and wont at the ferry, the magistrates of the burgh made application to Sir James to keep the passage open, as is minutely detaile burge th n dhi minutes:

" The baillies and councill considering that upon the twenty-third day of Aprile las pasy r Jameb t Si t s Carmichae Bonnietounf Ho , barronett, obtained e decree an d sentenc an s instanct hi t a e e befor r JameSi e s Lockharf o t Carstairs, barronett, [and others] justices of the peace for the shyre of Lanark, assemble time generaa th n er i dfo l meeting holde they nb m withi tole nth - boot f Lanarkho , whereb e saiyth d justice e peacth f eo s upo probatioe nth n led and adduced before them, and upon their own view, visitation and per- ambulation mad e peic y theth d plab e f f grounan emo o t d after specified, which belongs heritabl e sair Jameth Si d o yt s Carmichaell, found thae th t said Sir James Carmichaell, by virtue of the laws and acts of parliament made anent planting and policy and inclosing of ground had just right and titl o maket e inclosurean f thao e t peic d pla f grounean o t d s land ohi f f o s Bonnietoun lying south and south-east to his mansion of Bonnietoun, begin- ning from the avenew which leads from his said mansion house to the toun of Bonnietoun d e fro saie heath an ,dm th f o davene w leadin d runningan g south-eastwar whicy d wa upo h e e ferrleadnth th yo t sboa t Crookboatat t , stinting at the breu of the hill and march which divides betwixt the lands of Bonnietou e landth f Boathaughd so nan , belongin propertn gi e righth to yt honourable James earle of Hyndfourd and William Lithgow in Boathaugh, his meatvasselle th marc d saie d han th d an ,f henclosuro e running from thence alongst the said march betwixt the saids lands of Bonnietoun and Boathaugh straight westwar rivee th f Cly o ro d t d which surround othee sth re sydth f eo inclosure and the end of his meathing of the said enclosure is within two hundre foore d housd th ell f an d so f Tilliefoord eo , belongin standinm hi o gt g upon the said river of Clyd ; and in prosecution of his said design of enclose- ing of the said peice and plat of ground he hath reared up and built a dyke of stone and lime for a considerable peice of way thereof, and hes laid doun ston limd reareinr ean buildeined fo an remanene p gu th f go t saie dykth d f eo inclosure, and discharged the defenders mentioned in this proces upon which e saith d sentence proceeds l otheral d san ,whatsomever , from entering into the said peice and platt of ground, and from makeing any passages or ways FORDS, FEBEIES, FLOATS BRIDGED AN , S NEAE LANABK3 22 . d horsean r throug otherwayeo n , e ma sam th r h fo en timi s e comeing, unde e painth r s mentione e saidth sn i d act f parliament o se saith d n i s a , decree sentencd an t t lengtea s containehi whicy b d; h decree t onle no t yth common passage to the burgh will be stopt from that part in generall but also leadeine th coalf go peetd san s use accustomed dan broughe b o dt therebyn i t , vere b whic yy prejudicialhma saie th d o burght l , therefor saide th e s baillies and councill by their Act of the date the sixteen of May last, ordained the deacon respective th f so e trade thif so s burg representins ha g them callee b o t ,d o deliberatt e upon what effectual measures shoul e takeb d r preventinnfo g e saith d inclosur ; legala accordingly y n ei wa l saie th ,d deacons were called and compeared, who, with the baillies and councill in the first place ordained [the baillies, dea gildf no , present deacon convene latd an er deacon convener reportedw tradese ono th fo wh ,] that the waited yha d upo sai e Jamer nth dSi s Carmichaell, and that he, notwithstanding of the said decreet, upon the saids commissioners their application showeing the inconveniences that would follow toward e saith sd burg e shoulh d follow furt e saith hd sentencee th , sair JamedSi s Carmichael goon s generouslhe ow ld s wilfavoud hi an lf o y r towar saie dth d burgh sailefe th td foor Tillyfoorf o d d open ,froy witmwa ha thence upon the top of the brae round his park dyke for a common high way passagd heirs hi an r successor r so o e; e onlh f yi s shall pleas encloso et e eth watee th brawitd n sy reo hdyk a e betwix lande th same f Boatso d th t ean - haugh, that then he or his forsaids shall putt ane hanging yett thereon, to be opene d close an dy passengers b d s occasioa , n shall offe ; rtherefor e th e saids baillies and councill doe hereby declare that they doe take and accept sai e r Jameoth dfSi s Carmichael forsais hi l d condescendenc particulaa s ea r kindness and favour conferred by him towards the said burgh, and ordains appointd an e saisth d John Russel Jamed an l s Weir, present bailliee th f o s burgh returo t , n thank sai e Jamer th dSi o st s Carmichael sais hi d r favour.fo l " The peopl Douglaf eo s Water adverswoule b resumptioe t th dno o et n of this route, with bridge accommodation over Clyde at the Tillieford.

CLYDESHOLM FOED, FEBEY BEIDGED AN , . Between Cora Lin Stonebyred nan f Clydo d esbe Falafford e th l t a s lease convenienon t t a placpassag r fo e e throug e riverth h , vizt .a Clydesholm (fige villag, closth 5) . o et f eo , one-half mile distant from the burgh of Lanark. Here the current of Clyde parts intchannelso otw , causee presencth islen y a e r db holm f o tth eo t a , whicf uppeo d hren ther fora s ei d easily passabl ordinarn ei y conditions of the water. There is no doubt that this ford was one of much frequented use even from remote antiquity, as it lay on the route 4 22 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 191310 Y .

usually take travellery nb s from Lothia Ayrshiro nt d Gallowayan e , and vice versa. e yeath rn I 146 1royaa l party consistin f Henrgo y VI., Margaret of Anjou, adherentstheiw fe ra sond an ,, passed this for thein y do rwa fro St'ewartre mth Linlithgoo yt w Palace battle Th Towtof .eo d nha been fought in the last week of March of that year, resulting in a defeat to the Lancastrian forces. The vanquished King and Queen fled northward to Alnwick Castle, then to Berwick, so closely pursued by their foes that they were fai tako nt e refug Scotlandn i e , enterint gi by the western border. According to the Paston Letters, King Henry took up a temporary abode at Kirkcudbright " with four men and a child," while " Queen Margaret is at Edinburgh with her son." The latter statement has been called in question ; perhaps rightly so, as the notice of this visit, recorded in the Exchequer Eolls, implies the presenc e Queeth f eo n wit e Kinhth g during their journey northward from Kirkcudbright. This was not Queen Margaret's first experience of Scottish hospitality. In the year before, after the disastrous conflict at Northampton, when Henry VI. was made prisoner, his Queen fled to Wales, finding shelter and protection in Harlech Castle. To solicit frod ai m Scotland, whose Kin Queed gan n wer sympathn ei y wite hth Lancastrian caus politicay eb famild an l y tiesembarkee sh , e th t da Menai Strai Dumfriesr fo t , onl findo yt , however natioa , n mourning Kings lose it f th so , kille t Floorda s Castle. Mar Guelderf yo s accorded her an interview at Lincluthen Abbey, treated her sumptuously during a sta f twelvyo e days promised an , d both mone e troopd th yan r fo s furthe Englisn ro prosecutior wa h e soilth f . no On this occasio e Queenth f Scotlanno d again afforde asylun a d m and extended liberal hospitality to the fugitives. They were invited to take up their abode in the Palace of Linlithgow. And so the party set out from Kirkcudbright. There travelled along with Henry, his queen and their son, the Dukes of Somerset and Exeter, Lord Ross FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 225 moreo n ordetw I r . reaco o t r e h on an s son e roya"d dhi th ,an l dwelling " the travellers appear to have traversed the usual route from Gallowa Lothians,e th o yt their recorded halting-places being Durris- deer and Lanark, before reaching Linlithgow, The Exchequer Rolls make mention of the payment of £51, 7s. lid. to Sir Henry Kinghorne, steware Queeth f f Scotlando o nd r expensefo , s incurre t thesa d e place supplr sfo "f yo wil d mart sheed san p delivere Kine d th go an dt Queen of England." On resuming their journey from Lanark their route would lead them by the " King's Streit " to the Leechford over Mouse, and thence onward to Linlithgow. This " King's Streit n stile tracedca b "l , though little frequented now. (See Appendix II.) The first mentio ferry-boaa f no t Clydeshola t m occurs under date 7th March 1491. The condition of the river just above the ford, deep d slo f an currentwo s naturallwa , a boat f o y ;e suggestivus e th f o e and one might readily suppose that a ferry must have existed here from time immemorial terme chartee th Th f s .o f 1491 ro , sanctioning boaa f t Clydesholmo a t e us e th , seem, however poino t fres,a o t ht departure rather than a continuance of ancient wont. This charter was granted by King James IV. under the great seal, and narrates how that:

" Som familias ehi timo eag r knight, Stephan Lokar f Cleghorno t , patron of the altar of St Katherine, founded in the chapel of St Nicholas, within the burgh of Lanark, had explained to the King that the chaplain of the said altar lately caused a boat to be placed upon the water of Clyde at Clydes- holme, wher e Kine liegeth eth f go s daily assemble grean di t numbersd an , through want of a bridge or some other means of conveyance, were often imperille perished dcommonweaan d an de ; therefore us liegese e th th f r o l, fo , singulae th r fo rd favouan r whic bore hh e toward saie sth d Stephen e Kinth , g authorised the said chaplain of the altar of St. Katherine, and his successors, hav o t hold ean boada f thao t t sort upo saie nth d saie wateth d t placa r e for carrying acros e Kinliegee theith d th s f gan so r goods, with free passage theret therefrod o an confirme d an m ; sai e same th dd th o echaplait n in' mort- main, with the tolls and profits thereof for ever." 149n I validite 5th thif yo s mortificatio calles nwa question di y nb VOL. XLVII. 15 6 22 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , FEBRUAR , 191310 Y .

the chaplain serving at the Haly Bluid Altar in the same chapel of St Nicholas, as thus recorded in the Acta Dominorum Concilii:

" Anent the summondis on the behalf of our Soverane Lord and John Eamage, upon maister Robert Hietoun r EoberSi , t Quhippo, chappellanis, Stevin Lokart of Cleghorn, knycht, that is to say the said Robert Quhippo for the wrangwis vexing and trubling of the said Johne in his passage and lawboring of the fery-bait of Cliddisholme and the Baithill, and wrangwis taking fra him of the some of twa merkis ; and the said maister Robert Hie- touStevid nan n Lokarwrangwie th r fo t s uptakin withhaldind gan e th a gfr said Johne of v merkis, vjs. viijd., as thai that maid set to him of the said fer e sai ye spacth d th bait p f thrr Johneo ke fo , e o t yerise d soathlean , f so the payment of double males for the said fery-bait; the said Sir Robert clami saie toue th td th f Lanar gif e bainferf o d b o t perteno an yt m khi o et as mortyfyit to a service that he has of thaim, and said it was a spirituale .action, and amangis spirituale personis, and the said maister Robert clamit the said bait and fery to pertene to him be gift of the said Sir Stevin for a service mortifyi e lordio himt t Th f consal.o s e referri e saith sd mateo t r e spiritualth e juge ordinar becau t concernii s s spiritualtouchind an n gme e the mortificatione of the said bait; and thairf ore ordinis that letteres be written to the Archbishop of Glasgw and his officiale, requirand him to call all the saidis partiis before him, and the said Sir Stevin and the toun of Lanark, and do justice in the said mater ; and that nothir of thir partiis vex nor distrubl saie eth d Johne farther tha willw nla , quhil decidine th lsaie th d f go mate quhild fundie b an r t i ln quhethe e sentencth r ee sair gevith dSi r nfo Robert Quhipu reducie pb fundir o t avalf no nochtr eo Novembe3 ; r 1495." Existing records of the law courts contain no trace of further pro- ceedings ; but subsequent notices of the ferry show that the decision wa e favoun chaplaii sth t Catherine'f S o rf o n s altare stretcTh . h of wate whicn o r ferry-boae hth t plie calles d wa t Catherine' dS s Weill (cf. Ramweill, as above, under the description of Clyde's Bridge), and notee b y d towardma illustratioe th lefe n sth i t n (fig. .5) Fro institutioe mth thif no s ferry-boa 149n i t 1 Reformadowe th o nt - tion, the appointment to the office of boatman^—there were usually two—la hande chaplaie th th f n t yCatherine'i so S f no e s th altary B . year 1552 the patronage of this altar seems to have passed from the laird of Cleghorn to the bailies and community of the burgh of Lanark ; tha o appointmene s th t boatmaf o t made thed b nha o net with their consent. Afte e Reformatioth r e burgth n h came into possessiof o n FORDS, FERKIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 227 revenuethe Catherine'St sof sols the alta e appointmenand r the to t offic f boatmano e . The remuneratio e boatmeth o t n n consiste f "o d hous , yardis, four soumis of gers (a soum equals pasture for one cow or five sheep) wyth half the profit of the bait," under payment to the chaplain

\Plioto, Brown, Lanark. Fig . Clydeshol5 . m Ford, Ferry Bridged an , .

(Sir John Cunygam, 1552) " yerly of fyf markis and four pennis gud and usual mony of the realm." Each boatman also, bound himself " to byg, beit, and uphald the half of the said bait with the hous that he duellis in, laying doun penne for penne in all necessar thynges perteny- ing to the said bait." The offic boatmaf o e n appear havo st e been hereditary : fathed an r son of the name of Pumphra are in the succession in 1553 ; and a 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

family called Hastie held possession of the office from 1552 to 1682. In 1695, when the building of the bridge at Clydesholm was begun, and when there was no longer any necessity for maintaining a ferry at this place, the bailies and council of Lanark approved " of the buying of Clydesholm thousano e rattw f th eo t ea d e boamerksth t a td an , one hundreth merks." The land here is still in possession of the burgh of Lanark ; the boat- men's houses were removed only a few years ago. These may be seen to the left in the illustration. The various paths leading to and from this ford and ferry, formerly kept open with jealous care by public e tracedb authorityt ye , y thougma , h greatly broken intd an o obliterated by the formation of new roads necessitated by the erection e Clydesholoth f m Bridge, 1694-99. yeae th rn I 166 Lanare 6th k ford ferran d y wer n e scenu th e f o e usual commotion—the insurgent forces of the Pentland Rising on their way from Dumfrie Bullioo t s n Green here crosse Watee dth Clydef o r . They had entered Lanarkshire by way of Cumnock and Muirkirk, having diverted their march towards Glasgo hearinn wo g that Dalzeil at the head of the government forces was at Mauchline. They were allure Clydesdale—ao dt Lothiane lateo sth theo tw r t r o y s y werda ea —b hope y th gainin f eo g recruit theio st r cause. Dougla reaches swa d at nightfall on Saturday, 24th November, amidst weather rainy and boisterous d alonan , g roads roug d mountainousan h ; whilst Dalzeil, advancing from Kilmarnock, had come to . The Covenantin e Sundath n o y t gmornin ou arm t se yg towards , intendin reneo gt Covenane wth t "t soma ee Kirth y kb way towards Lanark," a ceremony voted, however, neither safe nor convenient. They halted for about two hours near Lesmahagow in orde completo t r "e modellineth g f thei"o r army, sending forwarda part f horsyo Lanaro et securo kt e quarters. Hithert e advancoth e beed ha n attende e continuath y db l additio f manno y sympathisers. Kirkton says that as they approached the Lanark ford " this rolling FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 229

s biggestit snow-bal t a s . wa lThei r number when hers judgewa e d to be over three thousand." On the other hand Sir James Turner, made prisoner and compelled to accompany the insurgents, estimates their numbe t thia r s point " neve havo t r e exceeded eleven hundreth hors routfoot.e d an eTh e" from Lesmahago Lanaro wt k must have been by the highway past Borland and Greenrig, one of several roads converging on the Clydesholm ford, known as the " Gait fra Lesmahagow." Although drilled into some military shape by their leader, Wallace scants hi d yan , staf officersf o f t wasi , , indeed motlea , y crow peasantrf do y that descende e Baithill dth e Lesmahago th n o s w bank to the ford of Clyde, rich in the armour of religious enthusiasm, poorly accoutred wite weaponth h f waro s .e horse,"Th " says Turner, " were the better armed, some with swords or pistols, some with bothe fooTh t .wer e armed indifferently with muskets, pikes, scythes, pitchforks, swords somd an , e with staves, grea long.d an t " The horse crossefore th e food y th ;db t were slowl laboriousld yan y carried over by the one ferry-boat stationed there ; and so after a tedious passage they reached their quarter Lanarkn si , wit enthusio hn - astic reception on the part of the burgesses. The expectation, too, of procurin towe th nn i g additiona disappointeds l munitionwa r wa f o s , as they only seized, accordin Turnero gt , " fourteen partisan thred san e or four pounds of powder " ; Turner adds that " plundering was Sabbate indulgeth n o hn i d night. " That same night Dalzein o s wa l froy mwa s Strathavehi directins wa s pursuid e samhi gnan th en o t ford, traversing the road called the " Hieway fra Ayr to Edinburgh," said to be an old Roman gait. The insurgents had placed a guard at e fordd proclaimeth an , a renewad e Covenan th e Mondaf th o l n o t y morning. This was done at daylight; the foot assembled at the e tolbootstair th Crosse f e Portth horso e s th t r th heaha ,t o ,a ef o d the High Street. Not satisfied with their picket at the ford, they sent a reconnoitring party of twelve horse across the river, who ascertained that Dalzeil was at Stonebyres, within two miles of the ford. This 0 23 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH P O S , FEBRUAR , 191310 Y .

report determined the Covenanters to evacuate the town ; and so when Dalzeil reached the ford, Wallace had begun his march to Bath- picket e gatefore Th th d .t a swer e las leaveo eth t t , after thed yha " droun r brokeo d nferry-boate "th pursuine Th . g army coule dse fro Baithile mLesmahagoe th th n o l w sidpeasane eth t force marching e townth f o . t Charleou s Maitlan f Hattondo , Lauderdale's brother, who was with the government troops, says : " Upon the hill above the Hoorns 1 [i.e. ffoords Clyf of ]d withi nhalfa e myln f Lanereo dise kw - covere enemiee dth s reirgaird off hors ee pass lyeinheie th th f ed o t ga on Lanerk syd, and did see ther bodie marching over Lanerk Hill" ; that is, they were taking the old road, still in use, that leads from the Port to Mousebrig at Cleghorn, allured with hope of help in West Lothian. An hour or so later Dalzeil's army prepared to cross the river , Earlee "th f Linlithgoo s Kellid wan e showing their foot com- panies good example by wadeing the river first themselves." Dalzeil's horse went in pursuit, and after passing the bridge at Cleghorn and advancing through pathless tract s f a moo o sd morasr an fa r s a s Mossplatt, returne Lanaro dt k withoun i t e cominfo e sighn th gi f o t front. Again the burgesses suffered from the depredations of an invading army, a spoiling long remembered in the town. They lament (July 1689) that Novembe"n I r westlan'6e 6th d forces coming to Lanerk, quher they in armes renewed the covenant and the King's army pursweing them cam to the place wher they quartered, and in reveng e placeth n ,o e becau f thao s t deid wasd d destrodi , an t y quhat they could consum by men and hors, to the rwin of many of the inhabitants." The result of the Rising is well known : pursued and pursuer eventuall t Rullioa t yme n followinGreee th n no g Wednesdaye th d an , conflict ended in the total rout of the peasant force.

" Hoorns " has no local significance. It is here suggested that if the original 1 MS. of the Lauderdale Papers were closely scrutinised, one would find the hand- writing yiel readine dth g Holms instea "f do Hoorns. " FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 231

THE BRIDGE AT CLYDESHOLM. The advantag havinf eo gbridga t thiea s place must have frequently presented itself to those who had to endure the usual delays and dangers attendan a transi activo n n o ferryford y t b t an de bu ; interest appears to have been taken in the matter till the middle of e seventeentth h century 16tn O h. March 1649 e magistrate,th f o s e burgth f Lanarkho , along wit e presbyterhth e boundsth f yo , sup- plicate Scottise dth h Parliamen buildinn i d ai r bridgga fo t t Clydesea - holm. In this supplication it was pointed out to the Estates of Parliament that at this point " the commodious and streicht passage to the burgh of Edinburgh frome Galloway, Air, Kyle, Carrick, and Cuningha thros m watee wa wth Clydf ro t Clydesholmeea , near Lanark, whair thair hes ben ee river. stilth boae n an lo t" Severa f theso l e boats, they say, " wit e spei hth f wate o tbens he re loiscarried an t d over Clydi [Stonebyren sLi s Fall], whic bens deate hhe eth f manho y honest men both of neighbouris and strangeris, and in tyme of great raine or tempesteous weather thair is no passage throw the water, to the great hinderance of all that travell that way." They proceed to indicate a place suitable for the erection of a bridge above the ferry, " whair thair is a firme roke throw the water," such that " ane brig of stone of foure bowis may be built." They are, they say, unable to undertake the burden of building such a bridge in consequence of the impoverished stat theif eo r burgh arising pestilencfroe ") th m(1 e [i.e. the plague of 1645, when whole families perished in Lanark] ; (2) the spoyleing and plundering in bieking up of their houses by that wicked armie under comman f Jameo d s Grahame [i.e. e Marquith s of Montrose ; it was the time of Philiphaugh] ; (3) the laite unlaufull ingadgment [i.e. e secreth t treaty between commissioners froe mth Scottish Parliament and King Charles made in the Isle of Wight]; (4) publict burdingis." On these grounds they crave permission to collec a voluntart y contribution fro l shiresmal , presbyteriesd an , 232 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 19, 1913.

parishes in the Kingdom. But although the Parliament promptly granted the required sanction and the presbytery actively favoured the proposal, the matter appears to have gone no further at this time, doubtless on account of the disturbed condition of the Lowlands during Cromwell's campaigns, and in the subsequent period from 1660 1688—tho t e tim religiouf eo politicad san l persecution. The project abandoned in 1649 was revived in 1694. On 16th May of f Councithao t t Ac yeal n grantea r d authorit mako yt voluntarea y contribution throughout the kingdom in aid of this second effort. Fro e detailemth d statemen f thio t s collection, giveAppendin a n ni x to this paper, it will be seen that the contributions came from a widely spread area of Scotland : from the shires of Dumfries, Ayr, Linlithgow, Stirling, Haddington, Edinburgh, Peebles, the Mearns, etc., as well as from the various parishes of Lanarkshire ; whilst the Church through its courts gave sanction and assistance to the scheme. accordancn I e f witCouncil o same t hth eAc commencemena , s wa t mad gatherinf eo g materia constructioe th r lfo bridgee th f verno A .y minute account of " disbursements on the work" has been preserved, and will be, found in the Appendix. These two statements of charge and discharge for the years 1694-5 are so quaintly entered and given in such detail by Archibald Simpson, merchant in Lanark, that they are deemed worthy in this connection of being put on record as afford- ing instructive notices of the value of labour and habits of the people t thaa t period s wel a ,s indicativ a l e liberalitth districte f eo th f yo s whence the money was received—districts far outwith immediate use of such a means of transit (see Appendix I.). On 25th April 1695 meetina t a , ge tolboot helth n di f Lanarko h , the bailies, dean of guild, deacon convener, treasurer, and remanent councillor f Lanarkso , resolved (notwithstandin e procuringth e th f go above-mentioned Act of Council) to approach the lords of the Privy o thei t Councit sanctio d ge r ai buildino r t l fo n g scheme n theiI . r application they emphasis perile edelayth d san t theisa r ferryford dan . FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 233

They recount the great loss that has heen sustained (to use their own word modernizen si d spelling) throug e violenhth t curren rivee th f ro t Clyde at Clydesholm, within a half mile of the burgh, at which place there has been a ferry-boat kept for transporting passengers to and fro e wesmth t country. Tha ferry-boae th t severas ha t l times been carried away through the violence of the current, and in time of spate has been with persons in her carried over the linn called Stainbyer within a short distance of the ordinary place of passage. That at the ford of Clydesholm and other fords near to the same, all within a mile of Clydesholm, ther s beeeha n lose numbeth t f twelvo r within eme n these forty years bygon d thaan t e; several persons have been i n great hazar theif do r live t botsa h forferryd an d . place erectioe same Th th e th r bridg chosea s t efo a f no no w s eni no that agreed upon in 1649. They say that they have viewed the water up and down upon both sides for finding out the most convenient place for setting down the bridge nearest to the King's high street passing from the city of Edinburgh to the shire and burgh of Ayr, and other shires and burghs in the West country. That they have taken advice of certain famous tradesmen within and outwith the burgh, experi- ence n suchliki d e affairs e [thgivenar eo name, tw viz f o s . John Lockhart of Birkenhead in the parish of Lanark, and William Loukup of Drumlanrig], and that they find the most convenient place for buildin fooe thaf e bridgth o tgt th a t incs ei Clydesholmf ho e on e th , d upoen n Clydesholm pertainin e othee burghth th d r o gt upoan , n Kirkfield holm belonging to their good friend Major James Weir of Kirkfield, who has cheerfully given his consent thereto. By the month of September 1696 choice had been made of plans for buildin e bridgegth ,r LockharthosM f o e f Birkenheado t , Lanark, being adopted, whils Archibalr M t d Simpso continues nwa d collector. estimatee Th d expens erectiof eo Lockhar r gives na M y n25,00b s wa t 0 merks—a sum quite beyond the power of the burgh to meet, in conse- quence of its then impoverished state, arising from " forfaulters, 4 23 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 1913Y10 .

fyneing d frian e, quarters, f whico " e followinth h g summars wa y embodie thein di r recent petition parliamento t : " Anno 166 r 166o 2 3 suc s Baillia h e Tennant, Baillie Gammell, Baillie Gillon, Gabriel Hamiltoune, John Msher, James Bruice, and severall others wer extraordinarlie waikned thereb y: tha annn i t o 167e Anguth 7 s Regi- men quarterer we t d heitookd t onliran eno e frie quarters t actuallibu , e caused the inhabitants pay the souldiers and inferior officers ther pay at ane full rait n anni : o 168d 168an 01 several r forfaulwe lBothwel r fo t l Bridged an , ther moveabills seized by donators, [those to whom escheated property is made over annn i ]: o 1682, efte e burnin th teste r th f , go Majo r Whyd an t Meldrum, by virtue of ane commissione frae the privie councill, did fyne the haill burgesse inhabitantd san grean si t summes t frequentinfono r churce gth h and baptizing ther children wit r BirniehM annn i : o forsai s toue th dwe n fyne 600n di 0 t resistinmerkno r sburninfo e gth testee th f g,o which ther ywe not able to doe." From 169e wor th 6f erectio o k n must have gone steadil tiln o yl s completioit n 1699ni . Sum f moneyo s , thoug- e itemun hth e ar s recorded, must have been received from the " voluntary contribu- tions frod man "; " vacand stipends soute e burggifteth th hn o hdi t buildine nort d hela th bridge.e r an o pth ht fo f go " Mr Lockhart n 169beed i ha o 5n wh mad, e maste f e worko rth t a s bridg salara t ea r f 20sdiem yo pe . , receive e clos th 1699n df i e o t a , his engagement, from John Patoune, treasurer of the burgh, the sum of " fiftie merks Scottis as a gratuitie for his good service at the bridge, and that oveabovd an rs wages ehi dischargine h , e contracgth d an t all that he can ask of the toune in any account whatsomever." The bridge custo fros m mwa auctiono t timp u timo et t , epu some - times for one year only. The terms of roup frequently varied ; those of here 170ar 5e quoted : " Tha e burgessith t inhabitantd an s f o s e burgth freee d Kirkfieldhb an , s familie , k witconformta he th o t e the deceast Kirkfields relict ; and that Corhows and his familie be reserve tounee th n di s oune thahandd tAn eac. h hors merchantd ean s pac twelvy kpa e pennies Scottis; each hors mand pennyesx ean se , ; each horse and load, sex pennyes, except loads of peets and coalls y onlpa y quhico t fou e r ar hpennye e loath s d; each draughf o t FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 235

timber, four pennyes ; each, cow x pennye,se s; each horse, eight pennyes ; two pennyes Scottis of ilk sheep and a penny of ilk lamb ; two pennyes, each footman." This bridge (see fig consist) 5 . "f so thre e bees bows,ha n d ver"an y substantiall withstoos y builtha t I . d man yheava y flood currene th , t occasionally reaching within a few inches of the top of the arches. It is narrow and, like Hyndford Bridge, has to be furnished with recesses at the piers—too narrow for modern motor traffic. A proposal to wide s roadwalina nit o et witt e projectinyou hth g piercona t a s- siderable coss beeha t n adopte e publith y cdb authorities interested therein. FORD AND FERRY AT CROSSFORD. In 1650, during the closing days of a very wet November, a detach- ment of Cromwell's Ironsides passed through this ford. The force consiste f 300o d 0 troopers unde e commanth r f Major-Generao d l Lambert, who was under orders from Cromwell to march from Peebles, and, gettin soute th ho gt concern sidi Clydef t eo ac to t ,wit arme hth y under Cromwell proceeding from Edinburgh toward e nortsth h bank e river oth fe objec th , t bein o makgt simultaneoua e s e attacth n ko Covenanting forces under Stracha Ked leaguenn an ri t Carmunnockra . settinn I t frogou m Peebles Lambert would direc marcs hi t h alone gth right ban f Clyde o k e rives thee usua Th th n spatewa ni r . d l an , route from Bigga o Lanarkt r , necessitatin e crossin gth e rive th f rgo by ford at two points, Thankerton and Carmichael, would be dangerous. As it was, the troopers on arriving at Lanark on Thursday 28th November were compelle e continueth y b t dweathe dwe o delat r y their march till the Saturday of that week. Meanwhile on the said Thursday Cromwell had arrived, by way of Shotts, at or near Holy- tow t partln bu ; y from exaggerated report e enemy'th f so s strength, and partly froe opiniomth n thae " th Major-Generat l woult no d com y reasoe waters,b eth f o n " marched bac t sevea k n o'clocn o k Friday mornin o Edinburght g e momenth t A .t when Lambert 6 23 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 191310 Y .

entered Lanark the presbytery of the bounds was in session, unaware e approacoth f enemyn a f ho . r Joh"M n Hume Lesmahagow,f o , " so runs the presbytery minute, " did exercise, as he was ordained, but e Brethert liberti th t dounno si t o n presbyteriet ei go en , because, immediatelie after exercise, the enemies came to the toune of Lanarke, being about the number of four thousand, and so were forced to goe away in haste out of the toune ; and the said horses staid in the said toune of Lanarke till the Saturday in the morning and then went to Hamiltoun." Probably by that time the waters had somewhat subsided route Th Hamiltoo et . n t dithend no s now a , , lead across Clyde at Clydesholm Ford—there was then no bridge ; nor, as now, was there a road along the left bank of Clyde in the parish of Les- mahagow. The road to Hamilton in 1650 crossed Mouse near its confluence with Clyde, proceeded onward over Nemphlar Brae, with Lee Place (now Castle) on the right, and so down to Crqssford, four miles below Lanark. Here ther bots ferrya ewa hfora d ,an d which gave a safer passage than at Lanark on account of the greater breadth of stream crossinn O . g this.ford Lambert's gotw trooperno , d ha s accordin orderso ge soutt th n ho , sid f Clydeeo would an , d soon reach Hamilton. Next morning, being e Lord'"th s Day,e bugle-calth " l for resuming the march had sounded about half-past three ; and so the troopers, all unwitting of Ker's surprise assault delivered half-an- hour later, were nevertheless fully prepared for battle. The fight was a grim affair fough than i t t dark December mornin e streetth n gi s d ditchean f Hamiltono s e d completendeth an , n i d e discomfiture of the Covenanters and the capture of Colonel Ker. r forferrd Fo dan y substitute w therno s ei verda y handsome bridge (figdatin, 6) . g from 1793 roa,w whedne froe nth m Lanar Hamiltoo kt n was constructed under sanction of Act of Parliament. Wordsworth d Coleridge.an —On e lasth t Saturda d Sundayan f o y August 1803, three distinguished visitor Scotlando st , William Words- worth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Miss Dora Wordsworth, crossed FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS BRIDGED AN , S NEAR LANARK7 23 .

e Lanarth fou f o r k Saturdaye bridgesth n course O th . n f theii ,eo r drive from Leadhills to Lanark, they passed over Clyde by the Hynd- ford Bridge, built thirty years before forenooe Th . f Sundao n s ywa spent in visiting the two upper Falls of Clyde ; in the afternoon they proceede d Carluk Ol alon e eth g Eoad, crosse e Lockharth d t Mill Bridge, then following a narrow path along the Cartland Crags re- crossed Mouse by Mousemill Brig, and so gained the Clydesholm

[Photo, Brown, Lanark, Fig . Crossfor6 . d Bridge over Clyde.

Bridge, wher waitingn i s e theiwa r . rca Miss Wordsworth relates that made b thi n o et o s hala d bridgtha e till William wenn In te bacth o kt to fetch the carriage cushions, inadvertently left behind. On the arriva pillow-ladee th f o l n poe journee th t resumes ywa Hamiltoo dt n alon e newlgth y formed road opene e 179soutn i th p n 3du ho sidf eo Clyde. MOUSEMILL BRIG. Mousemile Th considerablf l o Bri s gwa e importanc burgessee th o et s of Lanark t the i uninterrupte d y yb ha ; d acces theio st r corn miln o l 8 23 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , FEBRUAR , 1913Y10 .

Mouse th e Water earliese Th . t notic bridga f eo t thiea s point occurs under date 1587, at which time the structure was of wood. In the burgh accounts of that year we read : " Mair, gevin for ane naig the Julif xo j Williao jt lass Hamiltouo we t m tymee d th Bel ry e o rsi lt o nt brigs Mu , X o t d L"Mair d.an "; , geivi r dychtifo n d sawinnan f go tyme n Hammyltoui r n wod v merkis, ; Mair o Jamet , s Crokat, wrycht firsr fo , t peaymen brie th g f bigino t t li.appearx I , " havo st e been a wooden bridge down at least to 1646. In that year, 30th October, at Newcastle, King Charles I. granted a charter to the Provost, Bailies d Communitan , e Burgth f f Lanarkyo o h , allowing relief of burgh maill and assigning the same for maintenance of their bridge over Water of Mouse ; in the course of which charter we read :

" that they hav e bridgean e situat upo Watee nth Mousf ro , quhilk runneth witviolene han t spait cannod an , upholdee b t n withou e sai hele th dth f tp o brugh, and quhilk lyes betwix the samen brugh and commone mylnes thereof, not passeable neither be hors foor eno t without dayh'e supplie ; quhilk bridge e saith s df hi o beinbrug l e al necessario f us Lanark gs hf o o e th d r an , efo Majestie's leidge samee th sa lykelis i ,resortinfr d decao et an o gyt excepe tth same be tymeouslie beatit [mended] and reparit." "And farder his Majestie grant reparinr sfo maintainind gan e saith d f go bridg e upo saie nth d watef o r Mous that pairt of the borrowmail quhilk was comptit and payit to the ex- chequer, extendin e sowmth o f fougt o e r poundi reteinie b o t sthee b t mn i thair owne hande l tymal n esi applyicummine b o t thee b td reparinr mgan fo g and upholding of the said bridge."

The stone structure of the present day (fig. 7 shows it as it was in 1836) seems to have been substituted for the old wooden erection shortly after, perhap consequencn si grane th , t eof funde mad th o set e burgh datoe th f Th e .assigne somy db e authoritie buildine th o st g of this bridge is 1649, and cannot be far wrong. When in the early part of last century another stone structure, a few yards only from this bridge (bote h th e seebridge b n i ny ma s illustration, fig. 7), was erected at a more convenient place of crossing, the older one was doomed to be demolished. A neighbouring pro- prietor r MichaeM , l Linin f Orcharddellgo m ,su purchasee th r fo t di FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS BRIDGED AN , S NEAR LANARK. 239

of £50 with a view to its preservation. For many years of late it has been entirely neglected gradualls i d an , y falling into utter ruins It . handsome semi-circular arch adds beauts picturesquit o t y e sur- roundings. A plea may be here advanced for its preservation at the hands of the Commissioners appointed under the Act for the protection of Ancient Monuments e oldesth s i t t existinI . g bridgneighe th n ei -

Fig . Mousemil7 . l Bri "r go Roma n Bridge " 1836oven i s r .Mouswa t i s ea

bourhoo justly Lanarkf do ma yd claian , e attentiomth publie th f no c authorities. Popularly it is known as " the Roman Bridge."

LOCKHART MILL BRIDGE. This bridge (fige oldesth ) lie.8 n o st thoroughfare between Lanark and , which led by the " Stey Brae," a steep incline fit only for pack-horse and pedestrian traffic. The " Lokart Brig " is mentioned e burgth n hi record n 1588i s , 1592, 1632 d alway,an connection i s n wit e annuath h l e ridinburgth f gho marches—a ceremony known 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

locally as the Lanimers, i.e. Landmarches; and recorded in the Town Council minutes in stereotyped phraseology: " The baillies, with the cunsal d commonatiean l , personally e pass horse th fui d on o tt an et perfurmin f thaio g r commou t knhawii l k al ma n o n t o weltht d an ,

[Photo. £rown, Lanark. Fig . Lockhar8 . t Mill Bridge over Mouse.

adjacent thair merches ; beginning at the fuit of the burne aboin Lokart brig on the water of Mouis." Placed just below this bridge e middl streame th th n i f , eo founs i , d numeroue th on f eo s stones markin e burggth h boundaries, whice har inspected and reported upon yearly in the early days of June by the magistrates e Lockharth t A . t march stone ther ee per b use o -t d formed till about the middle of last century a roughly conducted civic FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 241

ceremony, viz. the dipping in the stream of bailies and boys. A few days before the time of inspection of the municipal boundaries, always on a Thursday, the younger and wilder spirits of the community built acrosm artificiallo t e currenda th s a a o s t y deepe e watenth r over e marcth h stoneyoungese Th . twalo t baili d k ha e int e middloth e orde n i rivere oth d assurfo t r an , e himself tha marce th t h stons ewa stil l touco intact d t hwiti ha tbros hhi w t whic a ; h momen fees hi tt were purposely tripped up and he himself received a thorough sousing in the water. Nor was the bailie the only one so treated on the occasion. Two men, called dippers, skilled in their practice, had assigned to them the apparently congenial task of dipping the e burgboyth f ho s that they migh aften i t r years retai nrecolleca - tion of the exact position of the Lockhart Brig march stone. Once dipped the ceremony did not require to be repeated on the same individual. connection I n with perambulation t woulsi d seem onc havo et e been no uncommon custom for children to be whipped at a landmark as effectivn a e metho f enforcindo g recollectio s exacit f no t localitys A . an instance of painful bodily sensation being called into requisition for mnemonic purposes e experiencth , f Benvenuteo oe b Cellin y ma i recalled. When stil a verlpresencn i , fatherys he hi smal f y eo ,bo l sa wlizard-lika es fathe e firebeasHi th . rn i t bestowed a upo m nhi eare th , n causingrea o wee o x t how d tm pbo an gstrength s lhi withi l hal . And when " the tumult dwindled to a calm " the affectionate parent informed his offspring that the reason why his ears had been so soundly o bea t caus o t boxeremembrancn i rm s hi e dwa e ever after thae h t seed ha nsalamandera . The dipping in Mouse was discontinued in early Victorian times. There then aros n assumin a eclasme f o se offic g th f magistrate o e s who peremptorily refused to submit to such horse-play ; even the mnemonic artifice exercised on the boys has with changing times entirely disappeared. VOL. XLVII. 16 2 24 PROCEEDING SE SOCIETYOTH F , FEBRUAR , 1913Y10 .

LEECHFORD. Thi s undoubtedli s ymosa t ancient ford acrosn o s y Mousela t I . the old travelling route from the Clydesholm ford and ferry to places e eas f th Scotland' o t n i . Mentio 158n i s madn i t i connection 8 i f eo n

[Photo, Brown, Lanark. Fig . Leechfor9 . d Bridge.

wite perambulatioth h e burgth f ho n boundaries s thera , s heri e e another march roastonee calledTh s .leadin"e wa dKingi th t i o gt s stilStreit,n distinctle ca b l d "an y traced. fore HarJerviss th di y db - wood House, onc e residencth e f Robereo t Baillie, martyre 1684n di . The old stepping-stones have been replaced by a modern bridge e situatioTh (fig. s extremel9) ni . y picturesque e formatioTh . f o n more convenien backwatee tth roadn i lefs t i sha tlocaf o r l traffic. FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 243

CARXLAND AND ASSOCIATED BRIDGES. In the course of making an improved highway in 1822 between Stirlin d Carlislean g , which passed through Lanark, several bridges

Fig. 10. Monkland Bridge on new road from Stirling to Carlisle. formede b a considerabl t o t A d . ha e distance nort f Lanarho s kwa the New Monkland Bridge (fig. 10). In the parish of Carluke the Fiddler Gill, a very deep ravine, had to be spanned by a bridge, called e Fiddleth r Brig (fig. 11)roae Th d. the) (fig pasd Castl12 e nle . Le t e on the high ground, and, after a steep decline and long, approached the deep and dark recesses of Cartland Crags—so well known in early Scottish story—at a spot near the reputed Wallace cave. Here was erected, under the direction of Thomas Telford, the highest and most

246 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUAR , 191310 Y .

beautifu l locaal f lo l bridges s elegancIt . enhances ei romantis it y db c surroundings wils seee A b l . n fro illustratioe mth n (fig. 13) t closeli , y resemble design si e Deanth n Bridg t Edinburghea s heighIt . t from e Mous s parapesprine th it f th o o et o t gd feet5 td be wal 12 an e , s th i l s threha et I arche e arcfee 2 . o5 th f thf 84 o sspa n cone eachTh -. tinuation of the road after leaving the parish of Lanark is by the left

Fig. 15. Millburn Bridge near Moffat. bank of Clyde. It crosses Hyndford Bridge, and passes over other streams southwar bridgey b d s ove e Elvath r t Elvanfoona t (fig; ) .14 and by the Millburn Bridge (fig. 15) near Moffat; and so onward to Carlisle. CLEGHORN BRIDGE. For two miles above its mouth the Mouse traverses two charming ravines e Cartlanth , de Cleghor th Crag d an s n Woods enterinn O . g e latte th e currenth r t flows between rocks separate narroo s y b dwa passage as naturally to suggest at this spot the use of a bridge. The FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS BRIDGED AN , S NEAR LANARK7 24 .

earliest mentio ne her oon ef occurs under datee 1512-1th t bu 3; reference to it implies that it is a well-known landmark, not a new erection. Some people affirm tha fora t t Cleghora d lons nwa g used,

[Photo, Brown, Lanark. Fig. 16. Cleghorn Bridge over Mouse.

dating from Roman times, and lying on the old Roman road leading from Carlisle to Dumbarton. In 1661 a petition was presented to Parliament by James Lockhart, lair Cleghornf do othersd an , , askin "r g reedifiein fo sanctio d ai d nan g " the existing ruinous structure of Cleghorn Bridge. The importance of maintaining her a econvenien t passage over Mous s thuwa es stated parochinere e halfffos th petitionere bth f ypa rth o e a s swa s: "t I 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

of Lanark e goeinth returnind n ei gan g from their several dwellings to the town and paroch church of Lanark for hearing of divine service, and also was the most frequented way be all travellers from Glasgow and Linlifchgow and uther places to many market places and touns in the south of this kingdome." The petitioners asked for a voluntary contribution—similar to the one granted this same year to the pro- moter f Clyde'o s s Bridge—a e paristh l hal t churches withie th n sherifidoms of Lanark, Linlithgow, and Peebles. The Parliament granted their sanction to these proposals, and in addition a custom was imposed (the tariff has been omitted) " on everie kart load of wy r merchanno d wair that passe e saisth d bridge upod an , n everie horse load, and upon everie ox or cow that passes to mercat places e kingdomee soutd tounth th an f o n hi s d upoan , n everie sheep." This Act of Parliament was signed by Glencairne. It was by this bridge that the pursued and pursuing forces engaged in the Pentland Risin conflicge th passe o t t Bullio theia n ty do wa r n Gree Novn ni - ember 1666. Edward I. at Lanark Fords.—It is highly probable that Edward I. course campaigs th hi n f i eo Scotlann ni 1301n di , with forces number- horse0 50 o , t g 700passe0 in 040 food e Clydsoman tth d f an o e Mouse fords n AugusI . f thao t t yea e camh r e from Berwicy b k Selkirk up Tweeddale to Peebles, then by Biggar to Lanark, where he stayed from Saturday to Monday, 26-28 August. He was on his way to Glasgow, whence after a short stay he returned to Lanark followine onth g Sunda y; thenc e proceedin Peebleso gt rapidite Th . y of his movements suggests that his march was not by the longer route, keeping exclusivel righe th to nearesye t ban th Clydef y ko b tt roadbu , s between the above-noted places. If so he would pass Clyde at Thank- erto Carmichaed nan froy mwa ls Biggafordhi n o sLanarko t r e H . certainly would take either the Mousemill ford or that at Lockhart mill crossing over Mouse, marching from Lanark to Glasgow ; the return journey being ove same rth e rout reversn ei e order. FOEDS, FERRIES, FLOATS BRIDGED AN , S NEAR LANARK9 24 .

APPENDI. XI

Ane Accomp f Archibalo t d Simpson's Disbursement Buildinn si Bridge gth e of Clydsholm, by Act of Council!, dated May 16th, 1694. Imprimis.—Expence Baillir sfo e Hunter, Clerk Stoddhartd an , myself r goin fo ; ,days o It.—Wheg2 tw Bd£1 ,k il r, n Baillie Hunter and I went to Edr to extract the Act, sex days, £24 ; It.—Wee went to gett Town Councill's Act for a volunter contribution from door-to-door, sex days, £24 ; It.—Wee went to Glasgow for the Councill's consent for a collection, three days, £12; It.—Ffrom thenc d Irvinan e r gmysel Ai Presbitries o t f , eleven days, £22 ; It.—When I went to Edr for lifting the collections, four days ; It.—Fro 8 ,£ m thenc Kelso et Dunced oan , four days ; It.—On 8 Lithgow£ ,o t y eda , anothe Peebleso rt , £110 ,£4 40 It.—Fifteen day t Glasgowsa , whe Collectioe nth n went throu toun; e It.—Give 5 th £1 , n Mr. Laqwho advices hi r rdollarfo 5 , s —£14, 10s. ; It.—Given Sr Gilbert Elliot when petition was given in, £14, 8s. ; It.—Payed John Lawqhor for his wages, £140 6 ; It.—Mor8 1 5 26 e . wage Mo st r . Laqhor ,. £76, It.—Ffor four quair pape r Thomafo r s Stodhar o writt t e letters to the gentlemen of the shire, £1, 6s. 8d. ; It.—Ffor 8 0 1 5 1 . printin accounts e . gth ,. £14, 4s.. , It.—Ffor three men going through ilk quarter of the toun seall times ;2 It.—Fo£1 , r myself goin o Birkenheat g d an d Carstairs, £1; It.—Paye than ma t da cam e froe southmth , three days, 12s ; .It.—Paye r Willia pe t Ed da s a mr Brown's subscribed accompt, £28, 16s. lOd. ; It.—Payed £2, 18s. ; It.— Ffor payed William Livingstone for going to ilk minister att Ede with acts to intimate the Sabbath before collection, £2, 18s. ; It.—Ffr Will Livingstone's goein Strathaveo gt r collectionnfo , 6s ; . It.—Expences sendinfron mma ga Glasgo o Renfrewt w wit hseae actth l ministerso st lettera k , 16sil , £2 , ; .It.—Paye d for writin e letter gth sendind an s g act o Stirlingt s , 10s. 6d.; It.—To Alex. for goeing two times to Laqhor with a horse, £1,12s. ; It.—To John Muir for goeing to Hamiltoune for him, 6s, 53 54 It.—Spent with John Loqwhor and the Magistrates, agreing day's fohi r s Whinbusswagee th t sa , 14s; It.—Spen . .6d t with 0 25 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH P O S , FEBRUAR , 391310 Y .

Magistratee th Clerd s an t Boathillka , agreeing with Alex. Telfer for bringing home the osier, 9 pints ale, 14p., 6d. of ernest, £1, 12s. 6d. ; It.—Spent with the men that went to the Head's Craig to mend the way at Clydsholm, 16s. ; It.—Spent agreing for arch bow, £2, 3s. 6d. ; It.—To Alex. Telfer, 8 pynts ale, qr was not payed at setting up the first eouin, 18s. 8d. ; It.— Earnest, 14s. 6d., spen . 6d.5s t , inde, 20s ; .It.—Ffo r meat a t drink at begining to the lymen, 24s. ; It.—Spent with the Cringers at payment and agrement, 16s. ; It.—Daid ernest, 10s.; spen Culbinsn i t , 81s .; It.—Agreing with carrier ; It.. —8s , Spent with Laqwhor whe e bridg e draf th altereds nth f o etwa , othersd an , 24s ; .It.—Whe came nh mako et shavese eth , with others, 24s. ; It.—Of Daid ernest, 14s. 6d. ; It.—Spent with Laqhor whe wene nh t away from makin shavese gth othersd an , . 28s. ; It.—Whe cartere nth s brough lase th t stonesp u t pynt5 , s ale, lls. 8d. ; It.—Spent with Carvel Blair and others when I gavcommissiom hi e o collect n e southth t , 12s ; . It.—With Laqhor when he came to lay the ground-stone, 9s. ; It.—Spent with Loqhor whe chambers tooe hi nh p ku . ; spen7s , t wite hth masons pint4 , s ale, 8s., .....4 2 1 £2 . It.—Given John Fforest and James Douglas for cutting a 1000 Hard'e eslath t a rs Craig, £50; It.—Payed John Buckles greafo0 6 r tNewmayne'f o e stonepen t th r sou sfo s Burn, £30; It.—Payed Robert Hastie for cutting and hewing a 1000 eslar, with 14s. 6d. earnest, and 6d. spent, . . . 267 13 10 It.—For bringing them fort the cart, £40 ; It.—For bringing them to the Holm, £200 ; It.—Paid masons, slaidsmen, borrow- men, as per particular accompt weekly, £1187, Is. 4d. ; It.— For lyme, sand, and wages to masons, borrowmen, and others, r aceomptape s ; It.—Fo,. £10796d . 8s r, lyme, sand, stones, loading, biggin e bridgege end th dyketh f f so fillind o , an ,p gu particulay b s a r accompt, £59 1; It.—Paye r lymefo d , being 148 loads at Craigenhill, payable (141) at 4s. 6d. per load, ; It.—Fo . 6d s r£31 r 14 loade Holmcarryin,pe th . ,o t 2s , t gi inde, £14, 16s. ; It.—131 load of lyme, payable at 4s. 6d. per load, is £29, 9s. 6d. ; It.—For carriage, 2s. per load, £13, 2s. ; It.—For carryin e 100gth 0 cartse ; It.—Payeeslath 0 o £4 ,t r d William Duncan for two days cutting stone, 14s. ; It.—Seven weeks' wages pai masono dt presencn si f Deacoeo n Hamilton, befor eI setbow e pennie a accomptr th tt sa pe s a , , £195; It.— FORDS, PERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 251

Payed severals for bringing 1000 eslars to the Holm, £200 ; It.—For carrying 600 stones from Nemphlar Craig, £20 ; It.— Payed Deacon Hamilton for hewing 1000 eslar, at £11 the 100, £11 ; It.—Paye0 d John Buckles younge Stephed ran n Howieson, bridge pene th fo on f rn o e readiHolme th merks0 t ea 80 , , with dollaa ernesf o r thred an t e reelib o t Craige . dth . ;, £5398d . 4s , It.—Payed John and James Hamiltoun for a bow ready, with a dollar and crown, £472, lls. 4d. ; It.—Payed John and David merks0 80 Semple t a , deducinr w e makinlasfo th sbo t t gou g wha I pait formef do r dayes, there remains . ,It.8d £361. —2s , Payed of addition 30 lib. per bow, £90 ; It.—To James Lock- hart for filling up the holes between the bows, £58 ; It.—Payed John Thomson for the masons, £2 ; It.—8 score 19 loads lyme at 4s. 6d. per load, £40, 15s. 6d. ; It.—73 loads riddled at 5s. per load, £18 ; It.—Fo. ,5s r carriag e Holmth o t e; , . £254s , It.—10 score 16 loads lyme from Craigenhill, £47, 5s. ; It.— 4 scor loadea s lym ; load a It.—Foe 0 . lifte£2 5s , t loads1 da r 9 , at 4s. 6d. per load, £19, 9s. 6d. ; It.—For carriage of these three parillsr load ; It.—1 pe . £38s . i ,2s 2s , 0 scor loa0 1 et da 4s. 6d. per score, is £47, 5s. ; It.—26 ditto, sifted, 6s. lOd. ; It.— For carrying these two parcells, £23, 12s. ; It.—From Wat- r load , 15spe sheill; . It.—Carriage£6 ., loa5s 7 2 t , da r 40dpe . loar £19pe s dload i . , 10s, ; 6d It.—8. ; £4 ,lls It.. . —4s 6d . t 7a To Robert Turner for 1168 load of sand to the foresaid lyme, £58, 8s. ; It.—To Alex. Telfer for bringing mortar and sand fro e Inc mth thio ht s syde ; It.—Paye2 £ , d Ralph Howieson neighbous hi d seekinan r fo r g pennston Rakinge x th si t ea k il , days, £4, 13s. 4d, ...... £5724 17 2 It.—For cutting timbe ; It.—Paye t Clydsholm. ra 8d . 6s , d£3 , James Simpson and Alex. Harbie for dressing the timber, ilk thirteen days ;3 It.—Ffo£1 , grea2 1 r t trees fro Laire mth f do Lee, £27; It.—Ffrom James Hamiltoun trees3 6 , , £60; It.—Ffor bringing them to the Holm, 3s. the draght, £20, 13s. ; It.—To James Hamiltou r sex-scornfo birx se ek trees cuttin8 5 , d gan bringing spen d outan , t 4.lib. 6s., £62, 6s.; It.—Bringine th o gt Holm, 3s. per piece, £18,18s. ; It.—For 5 alder trees, £4, 14s. 6d.; It.—Ffor bringin; It.—T. Holme 8s th , o got £5 , James Thom- son at Stonebyres, 6 trees, £6 ; It.—For bringing them to the Holm, £1, 4s.; It.—To James Lindsay for 7 Quaking esps, £14 ; It.—Ffor bringing them to the Holm, £6 ; It.—Payed Buckles 2 25 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

d Howiesoan r makinfo n e shavesth g , £20 0; It.—For daills furnished as per accompt, £582, 9s. 8d., . . . £1024 1 3 It.—Payed Thomas Brown for a mell rolling, 10s.; It.—Ffor 3 shovell and clasps for shafts, 16s. ; It.—For 6 shovells bought at Hamilton, with carriage, 21. 14s. ; It.—Payed Arthur Tutop for cutting trees at Clydsholm for nuts to let of the water, 11. 6s. 8d.; It.—Payed to James for making tresses, bakeds, and wheel- borrows, 81. • It.—For his nex nutes, 11. ; It.—For two ridles anr de Holm fo : th It.—Fo . siv b o 11 t etu , a a stanr d dan water ; It.—T. 21 , o James Simpso r founfo r days, makinn gte three-stiltea card an , d borrow foot-gangd an , . 12s11 ,; . It.— Alexo T . Telfe r bringinfo r g timber fro t John'mS s Wood dan Clydsholm to the bridge, 51. ; It.—To Deacon Hamiltoune for mendin bridge gth e beyon borrow a Lee e d dth an , , 13s ; .It. — Payed for bringing trees and daills back that went down the water, 21. 8s. ; It.—To Arthur Tutop for eight days, making t Holmheaa y seda xa carsdd cuttinan , g timber, ; It.—T. 31 o James Ballantyn r takinfo e e cargth tsundrif o wheels e on e , puttin spokes w Lurdie w gknavesne w ; ne It.—T. ne , d 21 , an , o John Buckles for two spars to the body, and knave for daills to ; It.—Fo . 8d . 6s r. shoein21 , wheeit e gon l wit hclasa nailsd pan , 11. 14s ; .It.—Fo r rollin gmella , 10s ; .It.—T o Deacon Hamil- toun additionar efo l wages ; It.—Paye . days4 4s 6 ,. 31 , d Thomas Brow r battsfo n , garens, double plenishing s stands a ,hi n i s accompt, 2151. 4s. 2d. ; It.—Payed sex carters for helping the way wit cartse hth , wit pynth2 s ales. 14s ; It.—Fo. 11 , .8d r two iron mells at 71. 16s., for carriage, 8s. =81. 4s, ; It.—For ane dozen shovells, with carriage, 101. 19s ; . It.—Fo e loath f r no 12 01 5 27 . . . Ralph' . s mells. 8s.. ,61 , It.—Payed Arthury Tutoredinr wa fo d othe e o pan gth tw r at Baillie Weir, as by accompt, 11. Is. 8d. ; It.—Ffor two cart sadles, rig-woodies, greeses ffor the carts, as per accompt, 71. 18s ;. It.—T8d . o James Watson r accomptpe s a 16s. , 11 , . ; It.—To ditto for cutting the great mell, 11. 4s. ; It.—Ffor two daillwheelborroa r sfo t wNewmaynesa . 10s11 , ; .It.:—T o John Cly rowinr dfo gmella , 14s ; .It.—T o Joh nquakx Scotsi r -fo t ing esps; It.—T. 91 , o Alexander Telfer, 7| Pd iron makind an , g4 carter nails, 11. 4s. ; It.—Two axelltrees and two borrows, with home bringing, with ale, 11. 16s. ; It.—For sharping their , 1 stone of iron, 11. 12s. ; It.—Payed Ralph Howieson, and FORDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 253

another man, looking for stane, four days, 6s. 8d. a-day ilk, 21. 13s. 4d.; It.—Two men's wages mending the way at Clyds- holm; It.—Paye. 8s , d James Lockhar d Georgan t e Aitken, three dayes r mendinfo , e carth g t wayes . 10s11 , ; . It.—To John Douglass and John Fforest, for cutting a stone for cart way, 3s. 6d. ; It.—Att the agreement at Clydsholm and for Robert Rogers minding stane t Braxlanda s ; . It.—Give21 , n Ralp Howieson, in earnest, 14s. 6d. ; It.—Ffor 2 carts, as per accompt, 661. 13s. 4d. ; It.—Payed James Watsone for up- holdin wadgese gth , pikes irond bridge an lonth o ,s s ,s ga ewa building, 661. 13s; It.—Paye. .4d d John Thomson r shaftefo s to pikes and mells, pynts ale at agreeing during the whole work, ; It.—Paye . Od . 416s . d James Hamiltons stoa3 , t borrows, 15s; . It.—Ffor 8 fathoms 12-threed cord for tree theats, 16s. ; It.— o WilliaT m Wessie r mendinfo , g cartwayes o dayestw , , 10s.; It.—Payed James Watson r smalfo e l necessar d garrensan s , 61. ; 13s It.—Paye. 4d . d Baillie Weir r naillsfo , , cordsd an , iron, 61. 11s. 4d. ; It.—To Decon Thomson, \ 1000 naills, 15s.; It.—13 st. 3 pa. iron James Watsone got for wadges, pikes, at r stone32spe . , 211. 12s ; .It.— A great daill sawe roonsn ni o t , meet the water at the bowes, 19s. ; It.—Payed for sawen, dight- ing, and making, 24s. ; It.—Ffor 34 stones, and for batts, at 2 marks stoner ; It.—T . pe 8d , . 451o6s . Andrew Wei bringr rfo - ing timbefrod an m o t rClydsholm , 12s ; .It.—T ostona e pitch bridge foth r e batts, 16s ; .It.—Ffo r timbe Joho rt n Bucklee sth younge r makinfo r g sincar d othean s r necessarias, 381. 18s; . It.—Ffo l 12-threeel 7 r ; It.—Ffo. d 6d cord . fatho0 8s 6 ,r m 12-three r fathompe ; d. It.—Ffo. 2s 61 cor, t a d r butted an r soap to the gin, 18s. ; It.—Ffrom myself 1400 naills, at 8s. per 100 . 12s ; It.51 . Joh—o T n Buckles (elder) hundees2 ; 1 ,. 4s . 41 , It.—For girding them, and tub and barrel, 28s. ; It.—For sex fork shaftes, 6s. ; It.—Two trees for a cart bodie, 12s. ; It.— Ffor bars to the cart, 4s. ; It.—To William Livingstone, being prickerr daype . ,daye6 1818s 4 , t a s. 18s ; .It.—Fo r upshotts to sex cars, 20s. ; It.—For 8 stones laid, at 2 marks per stone, 101. 13s. 4d. ; It.—More payed Thomas Brown for cuts, and

naills, and garrens, and other work, 971. ; It.—For sex shoevells from Ed,r with carriage ; It.—Mor. 51 , e paid James Lockhart for filling . 18s.,21 , ...... 6 £45 8 3 4 25 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , FEBRUARY 10, 1913.

Ane Acoompt of Money receaved by Archibald Simpson, Merchant in Lanark, by Publick Collectio otherwayesd nan Buildinr fo , gBridga t Clydsea - Council]f o t holmAc , 1694y , b ,16 date y . dMa Lib. B. D. 8 0 3 1 1 52 . . . Imprimis.—Fro . . m Edgr., It.—Keceave2 0 6 1 t Lanark7 da 17 . , whe wene nwe t . throw, It.—Ffrom John Baillie, by the Shire's order, . . . 300 00 00 It.—Ffrom Clelland, by the same order, ... 333 06 08 It.—Ffro Guildrie mth Lanarkf eo , ...0 0 0 0 0 20 . 0 It.—Ffro0 0 0 4 m02 Lanar . k Session . Collectiony b , . , It.—Receaved from John Jack, in part of the Collections for the 0 0 0 1 7 00 land . Nemphlaf so . handss hi r whicn i ,s hwa It.—Ffro0 0 1 0 m7 Jame00 . s Gra f Crawfurd-Johny o . . , It.—Ffrom Covington, ...... 006 13 00 It.—Ffrom the Deacons, a band, dated March '99, . . 066 13 04 It.—Ffrom Mr Scot t Carlouka t , ....0 0 0 0 5 01 . 0 0 It.—Ffro0 0 2 00 m . Mr Bryc . Crawfurd-Johnr efo . , 8 0 9 0 8 02 . It.—Ffro . m M . r Goo t Carnwathda . , It.—Ffro Jamer mSi s Carmichaell, ...0 0 0 0 0 10 . 0 0 3 0 0 01 It.—Ffro . m. Mr Dunca t Dunsyrena . , It.—Ffrom Mr Linnin t Lesmahagowga , ...0 0 8 1 5 06 . It.—More from Lesmahagow, ..... 006 15 00 It.—Ffo cara r t sol Joho dt n Hamilto0 0 0 0 2 Lesmahagown i 02 . , r It.—Ffro0 0 0 0 m 3 M01 Braidfoot . . , Pettinain . , . v It.—Ffrom Mr Ballantyne for Aberdeen, . . . 054 03 00 0 0 0 0 It.—Ffro4 02 . m y" . Parodie Presbytrier Ai . n si , It.—Ffour ounces twelve drops bullion, .... 014 04 00 It.—Ffrom Mr Robert Law for some Paroches in Argyle, . 021 19 00 It.—Ffrom Mr William Thomsone for Couper Presbytry, . 027 13 04 It.—More from Mr Veach at Dumfries, . . . . 016 12 06 It.—Ffrom Gavin Woo parn di f Glasgowo t , Paisley Rend an , - frew Presbitries, ...... 064 07 00 It.—Ffrom Matthe0 1 w 6 Hopki0 9 Irvinr 08 nfo . g Presbytry . , It.—Ffrom Jeremiah Hunte parr rfo Linlithgof to w Presbytrie, 0 0 068 21 It.—Ffrom John Lanerk, 17 Guineas for vacent stipends, . 241 08 00 It.—Candlemas, 1700.—Receaved for a Bond agreed with Cors 4 0 3 1 6 16 . Mitchel vacenr fo . l t stipends . , It.—Ffrom this Presbyterie, that the Councill hath given Band forefuno t r requiredf di , ....0 0 5 1 1 09 . FOKDS, FERRIES, FLOATS, AND BRIDGES NEAR LANARK. 255

D. Lib.B. It.—Pfrom William Whyte, in Podean for Lochmaben Presbytry, and Aplebie with loss of money, .... 017 10 00 0 0 4 0 5 00 . It.—Ffro . m. Muirkir . k Parooh . , 4 0 3 1 6 86 . . . . It.—Pfro . Borrowse mth , It.—Pfro Borrowe mth t Glasgowsat lais n do wa . ,B whe3 e nth this toun, ...... 072 00 00 It.—Ffrom Mr Veach for Dumfriestown, . . .048 00 00 It.—Receaved at Glasgow, 4 Quarters, .... 131 14 00 It.—Ffrom Toun and Paroch of Hamiltoun, . . .100 00 00 It.—Ffrom Port-Glasgow and Kilenam, . . . . 007 10 00 0 0 It.—Ffro5 0 8 00 m . Provios . t Tuddi . t Peeblesea . , It.—Ffrom Auchtiefardell, . . . . . 029 00 00 It.—Prom Blackwood younger, . . . . . 028 00 00 It.—Ffrom Mr Ballantyn Mr refo Joh . n Veach.03 . 0 0 , 0 00 It.—Ffrom Cumnock Paroch, . . . . .003 00 00 It.—Pfrom Robert Clerksone, Chamberland, . . .042 00 00 It.—Pfrom William Cowan, . . . . . 003 00 00 It.—Ffrom Baillie Hamiltoun for William Selkirk, . . 009 04 08 It.—Pfrom James Lithgow, Paper-maker, . . . 002 18 00 0 0 9 0 0 00 It.—Ffro. . m Lickprivick . . , Fouler . , It.—Ffrom William Sommervell of Harperfield, . . .005 16 00 It.—From Stonebyres, ...... 066 13 04 It.—Ffrom Commissar Wilkie, . . . . .003 14 00 0 0 4 0 4 01 . . It.—Ffro. . m Bailli . e Weir, It.—Ffrom Cambasnethan, 3 lib. 11 p. 06d. ; Blanter, 1 lib. 10—is, ...... 010 01 06 0 0 8 1 2 00 . . It.—Pfro. . m . , It.—Pfrom Culross, ...... 005 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 01 . . . It.—Ffro . m . Kirkbryd . , It.—Ffrom Mr Ballantyne for Gladshields, . . .020 03 00 0 0 1 0 1 It.—Ffro00 . m Longdreghor. . n Paroch . , It.—Ffrom , 9 lib. 6p. ; Stonehouse, 6 lib. 13p. 4d. —is, ...... 015 19 04 It.—Ffrom Mr Naper at Straven,. . . . . 001 12 06 It.—More from Gavin Wood for fosaid places, . . .003 07 08 It.—Ffor Proflte Customesth f o e r par Guineas0 ou ,1 t 4 1 t a , . .14 0 . 0 0 20 . . . . , p. lib4 0 . It.—Ffrom Borroustounness, . . . . . 014 00 00 It.—Ffrom Robert Thomsone fo r. Edinrshire.28 6 . 0 7 , 41 6 25 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , FEBRUAR , 1913Y10 .

Lib. B. D. It.—From him for the Cannongate, 22 lib. 15p. 04d., cliped 0 0 8 0 4 01 . . . . money, . weighing . , It.—Ffrom Baillie Hamiltoun for parts in Ffife, . . . 044 16 00 It.—Ffrom M0 0 r Joh1 1 n5 Forres06 Hadingtonshirer . tfo . , It.—Ffrom Robert Thomsone for Leith, .... 028 00 00 It.—Ffrom William Callenda Stirlinr rfo g Presbitrie . , .034 0 3 21 It.—Ffrom Carmichael Paroch, ....0 0 0 0 8 00 . 0 0 7 1 1 00 It.—Ffro . m . Mr Ballantyn . Mernse th r efo , It.—Ffrom Old Monkland Paroeh, . . . 006 00 00 It.—Ffrom Mr Ballantyne for Melros Paroeh, . . . 016 00 00 It.—Ffrom John Thomson Bonnitoue th r efo n 0 Quarter. 0 Oi9 0 l , It.—What was collected for a man here, the lyke being for us with him, ...... 0 0 0 0 2 00 . It.—By som word e0 ol 1 k roope8 Bridgee 1 Accomptr th 9 pe t d a 27 s a , . , RICHARD DICK, Witness. ARCHIBALD SIMPSON. THOMAS SUMERS, Witness.

1695.—Ane Accompt of Archbald Simpsone's Dcbursements in Building the Bridge of Clydsholm, by Act of Councill, dated May 16, 1694. e chargtotale th Th f o s fyvlei e thousan hundreo dtw d nyntie nyne pound, eight shins', sex pennies, . . . £5299 08 06 Totall of the discharge is eight thousand two hundred and forty- seven pound, fifteen shills 8 . 0 824 ,5 eigh1 7 . t pennies . , The discharge exceeds the charge in the soume of two thousand nyne hundre fourty-eighd dan t pound, seven shillingsd an , two pennies, ..... 2948 07 02 RICHARD DICK, • Witness. ARCHIBALD SIMPSONB. . THOMAS SUMEBS, Witness.

APPENDIX II. e Exchequerth n I Bolls, vol. vii. read:—Be ,w pag , e49 r liberacionepe t m factam domino Henrico Kinghorne, senescallo domine regin r manupe e s custodis privati sigelli in solucionibus certarum expensarum dicte domine regin r ipsuepe m facti Durisderen i s , Lanark t Lithquie , , sale certis martis et mutonibus regi et regine Anglie, liberatis et aliis oncostez per ipsum factis et intratis in libris domicilii regine, ipso domino Henrico fatente receptum super compitum Ij Ib 7s. lid. pro quibus respondebit dictus senescallus.