Hazard Control & PPE Selection Guide

Environmental & Safety 4202 E. Fowler Ave. OPM 100 Tampa, FL 33620 (813) 974-4036 http://www.usf.edu/ehs/ Revised February 19, 2021

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Contents Introduction ...... 3 Chemical ...... 4 Chemical Safety Levels (CSLs) ...... 8 Biological Hazards ...... 12 Physical Hazards ...... 14 Radiological Hazards ...... 17 Laser Hazards ...... 18 Laser System Non-Beam Hazards ...... 18 Nanomaterial Hazards ...... 20 Shop Hazards...... 22 Blank Control Worksheet ...... 24 References ...... 25 Appendix 1: Establishing Chemical Safety Levels (American Chemical Society) ...... 26

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Introduction This guide is a resource for Principal Investigators and Lab/Shop/Studio Supervisors to evaluate and control hazards and choose Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that is appropriate for workers. Note: Personal Protective Equipment shared between different individuals must be appropriately disinfected and/or laundered between uses by different individuals.

Hazardous materials, such as chemicals, biological agents, and radioactive materials, can enter the body in four different ways:

 Absorption through the  Ingestion (eating and drinking)  (needles or sharp pieces of glass, metal, or plastic

Whether or not exposure will lead to illness or injury depends on:

 Exposure frequency  Exposure duration  Individual factors (age, sex, and genetics)

First, access the by asking these questions:

 What are the hazards?  What is the worst that could happen?  What can be done to prevent this from happening?  What should be done if something goes wrong?

Exposure risk can be minimized using these control factors (in order from most effective to least effective):

 Elimination of hazard  Substitution of less hazardous materials  (fume hoods, cabinets, blast shields, snorkels)  (Safety Operating Procedures, training)  Personal protective equipment

*Note that PPE is your last line of defense. Apply other controls FIRST before selecting PPE. PPE is not a substitute for proper lab attire. Clothing such as shorts or short skirts, sandals, or open-toed shoes are not appropriate for the .

How to use this guide

Survey your workspace for hazards. Divide them up by category such as Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Radiological. Review the tables below and check off each activity as it applies to your lab. Use the blank spaces at the end to fill in any activities that are not listed. Make note of any deviations from the suggested PPE, explain the need for the change, and how protection will be assured.

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Chemical Hazards (see below for explanation of CSL Levels) Check if Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Recommended PPE applicable ☐ Small volumes • Eye or skin Adequate ventilation, • Written procedure Safety glasses or chemical splash of mildly damage chemical , or (SOP) goggles corrosive • damage local exhaust. If • Safety Data Sheets Light chemical resistant gloves liquids from inhalation unavailable, a respirator (SDS) (disposable nitrile, latex). See the pH>2 or <12.5 may be required (contact • Job-specific training chemical glove compatibility chart CSL 2-3 EH&S) • EH&S Lab and to choose appropriate chemical Research training resistant gloves specific to the chemical being used Lab coat ☐ Large volumes • Extensive eye Adequate ventilation, • Peer-reviewed written Chemical splash goggles of highly or skin damage chemical fume hood, or procedure (SOP) Face shield corrosive • Lung damage local exhaust. If • Safety Data Sheets Heavy chemical resistant gloves liquids from inhalation unavailable, a respirator (SDS) (neoprene or butyl), especially if pH<2 or >12.5 may be required (contact • Job-specific training hands will be immersed. See the Work where EH&S) • EH&S Lab and chemical glove compatibility chart there is a splash Research training to choose appropriate • Consider pre- resistant gloves specific to the CSL 4 diluted corrosive chemical being used Lab coat Chemical resistant apron ☐ Acutely toxic • Extensive eye Acid resistant fume hood • Peer-reviewed written Chemical splash goggles corrosive or skin damage procedure (SOP) Face shield liquids • Lung damage • Safety Data Sheets Heavy chemical resistant gloves Any volume of from inhalation (SDS) (neoprene or butyl) hydrofluoric Poisoning • Job-specific training See the chemical glove acid through skin • EH&S Lab and compatibility chart to choose Any contact Research training appropriate chemical resistant Consider pre-diluted gloves specific to the chemical corrosive solutions

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of perchloric Practice before working being used acid with live material Lab coat CSL 4 Chemical resistant apron ☐ Small volumes Eye or skin damage Adequate ventilation, SOP, Research-specific Safety glasses or chemical splash of organic Poisoning through chemical fume hood, or training, and EH&S goggles solvents, skin contact local exhaust. If training Light chemical resistant gloves flammable unavailable, a respirator (nitrile, latex). See the chemical organic may be required (contact Purchase prepared glove compatibility chart to choose compounds, or EH&S) solutions appropriate chemical resistant oxidizers gloves specific to the chemical Flash point at or being used above 73F Lab coat (22.8C) but less than 100F (37.8C). CSL 2,3 ☐ Large volumes Extensive eye or Chemical fume hood Peer-reviewed SOP, Chemical splash goggles of organic skin damage Research-specific Face shield solvents, Lung damage from training, and EH&S Heavy chemical resistant gloves flammable inhalation training (neoprene or butyl) , especially if organic Poisoning through hands will be immersed. See the compounds, or skin contact Do not store large chemical glove compatibility chart oxidizers volumes to choose appropriate chemical Flash point Handle in areas free of resistant gloves specific to the below 73F ignition sources chemical being used (22.8C) and Do not heat with open Flame resistant lab coat boiling point flame (use steam bath, Chemical resistant apron below 100F. bath, heating CSL 4 mantle, hot air bath) Bond and ground metal equipment to avoid static sparks ☐ Pyrophoric Extensive eye or Chemical fume hood Peer-reviewed SOP, Chemical splash goggles liquids, air skin damage Research-specific Face shield

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and/or water Lung damage from Inert atmosphere glove training, and EH&S Heavy chemical resistant gloves reactive liquids inhalation bag or glove box training (neoprene, butyl, or flame in any quantity Poisoning through resistant). See the chemical glove CSL 4 skin contact Practice before working compatibility chart to choose Fire with live material appropriate chemical resistant gloves specific to the chemical being used Flame resistant lab coat Chemical resistant apron ☐ Acutely toxic or Extensive eye or Adequate ventilation, Peer-reviewed SOP, Chemical splash goggles hazardous skin damage chemical fume hood, or Research-specific Heavy chemical resistant gloves chemicals, Poisoning through local exhaust. If training, and EH&S (neoprene or butyl). See the including skin contact unavailable, a respirator training chemical glove compatibility chart organic may be required (contact Medical surveillance to choose appropriate chemical mercury EH&S) may be required resistant gloves specific to the compounds Inert atmosphere depending on quantity, chemical being used CSL 4 Trap or condense gases, , and frequency Lab coat or gown vapors, and to of exposure avoid contaminating vacuum pumps or Practice before working discharging large with live material quantities to fume hood exhaust air Inform nearby persons Use designated area with a sign: “Toxic Compounds Use Area” ☐ Pressurized Eye or skin damage Chemical fume hood with SOP, Research-specific Safety glasses or chemical splash apparatus (lacerations due to sash lowered as much as training, and EH&S goggles CSL 3,4 shrapnel) possible training Face shield (high risk) Lexan or blast resistant Light chemical resistant and/or shield abrasion/puncture resistant gloves Lab coat ☐ Potentially Eye or skin damage Chemical fume hood with Peer-reviewed SOP, Chemical splash goggles explosive (lacerations due to sash lowered as much as Research-specific Face shield materials, shrapnel or burns) possible training, and EH&S Heavy chemical resistant gloves

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time sensitive, Fire Lexan or blast resistant training (neoprene, butyl, or flame shield (when more than resistant) or leather work sensitive, light 0.5g of explosive Inform nearby persons gloves/welding gauntlets that sensitive, reactants are produced or with a sign: “Potentially extend past the wrist acid/base 0.1g of explosive product Explosive Compounds See the chemical glove sensitive, metal is produced) Use Area” compatibility chart to choose ion sensitive, Use Teflon-coated appropriate chemical resistant shock sensitive, instead of ground glass Practice before working gloves specific to the chemical or peroxide fixtures for shock or with live material being used formers friction sensitive Heavy work apron CSL 4 materials Flame resistant lab coat

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Chemical Safety Levels (CSLs) Assessment of the risk of chemical exposure may be accomplished using the concept of Chemical Safety Levels (CSLs). Similar to Biosafety Levels (BSLs), which have been well established in where there is a risk from a , Chemical Safety Levels help to establish safety guidelines depending on the types of hazards present. The tables below illustrate how chemicals can be divided into Chemical Safety Levels. Refer Appendix 1 to see what precautions to take depending on the Chemical Safety Level present in your lab. For some chemicals, the Chemical Safety Level designation is dependent not just on the type of chemical present, but also on the quantity present, its concentration, and how it is used.

Chemical Safety Level 4 (High Risk) Hazard Description Examples Health Regulated, confirmed, probable, or suspected human Acrylamide, benzene, benzidine, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, chromium VI carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens Acrolein, bromine, sodium azide, potassium cyanide, lead, phosgene Toxicity: LD50<50mg/kg, LC50<2g dust or 200ppm vapor (GHS: H304; H334; H340-H373) OEL < 1ppm Irreversible toxicities require use of designated areas Lachrymators, potent irritants, or stenches acetic anhydride, , ethanethiol (GHS: H290; H314; H318; H302; H312; H315; H317; H319; H332; H335; H336) Highly toxic compounds acrolein, abrin, bromine, diacetoxyscirpenol,, diazomethane, dimethylmercury, shigatoxin, sodium azide, sodium cyanide, toluene diisocyanate, ethidium bromide, hydrofluoric acid (GHS:H300; H301; H310; H311; H330; H331) Cryogenic materials Argon, Helium, Hydrogen, , , Methane Environmental Hazard Iodine, Zinc sulfate, Copper sulfate (GHS: H400-H420) Corrosivity Hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, sodium hydroxide Highly corrosive chemicals Reactivity Can explode or decompose violently at normal temperature and Light sensitive: Hydrogen and chlorine . Acid/Base sensitive: Acrolein, epichlorohydrin Can undergo a violent self-accelerating exothermic reaction with Metal ion sensitive: Hydrogen peroxide common materials by itself. Shock sensitive: Acetylides, azides, nitrogen triiodide, organic nitrates, nitro May be sensitive to mechanical or local thermal shock at normal compounds (picric acid), perchlorate salts, organic peroxides, and

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temperature and pressure. compounds containing diazo, halamine, nitroso, and ozonide functional Easily forms dangerous peroxide levels groups High hazard reactions in use Chemicals that autooxidize to form organic hydroperoxides and /or Explosive chemicals that can cause a sudden, almost peroxides: Ethers (especially cyclic ethers or those with primary and instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected secondary alkyl groups), aldehydes, compounds containing benzylic to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature. hydrogens or allylic hydrogens, vinyl and vinylidene compounds, compounds containing a tertiary C-H group like decalin and 2,5-dimethylhexane (GHS:H200-H205; H240;H241) Pyrophorics or flammable solids. Many finely divided metals Materials that spontaneously ignite when exposed to air. Many reducing agents (metal hydrides, alloys of reactive metals, low-valent metal salts, iron sulfides) trimethylaluminum, trimethylphosphine (GHS: H242; H250) Water Reactives. Alkali metals(lithium, sodium, potassium), Organometallic compounds, and May produce heat and flammable hydrogen gas, which can ignite some hydrides or combine explosively with atmospheric oxygen Some anhydrous metal halides (aluminum bromide) May produce toxic gas Some oxides (calcium oxide) Some nonmetal oxides (sulfur trioxide) Some halides (phosphorous pentachloride) thionyl chloride Strong oxidizing agents Gases: fluorine, chlorine, , nitrous oxide, steam, oxygen Readily yield oxygen to increase the rate of combustion during a Liquids: hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, bromine, sulfuric fire acid, water Solids: nitrites, nitrates, perchlorates, peroxides, chromates, dichromates, picrates, permanganate, hypochlorites, bromates, iodates, chlorites, chlorates (GHS:H271; H272) Flammability NFPA rating of 4 Acetaldehyde, diethyl ether, hydrogen sulfide, acetone, carbon disulfide, Flash point below 73F (22.8C) and boiling point below 100F. hexane Flammable gases Acetylene, ammonia, hydrogen, propane, propylene and methane (GHS: H220-H226, H281)

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Chemical Safety Level 3 (Moderate Risk) Hazard Description Examples Health Unknown or OEL < 10ppm t-butanol, butyl acetate, sodium sulfide, isopropanol, amyl acetate, Specific target organs or irreversible effects probable cyclohexanone, sodium hydroxide, formamide Possible human carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens Irritants Corrosivity See CSL 4 above, in small quantities or low . Reactivity Can detonate or explode but requires a strong initiating or See CSL 4 above, in small quantities or low concentrations. confined heating before initiation. Readily promotes oxidation with combustible materials and may cause . Is sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated . May react explosively with water without requiring heat or confinement. Chemicals being used have known reactions or contamination hazards Flammability Flammables solvents and gases. Vaporizes readily and can be acetone, ethanol, hexane, methanol, xylene, 2-butanol ignited under almost all ambient conditions. May form explosive mixtures with or burn rapidly in air. May burn rapidly due to self-contained oxygen. Flash point at or above 73F (22.8C) but less than 100F (37.8C). Expected concentration >10% LEL

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Chemical Safety Level 2 (Low Risk) Chemical Safety Level 1 (Minimal Risk) Health Health Toxicity is known and10ppm < OELs <500ppmSpecific target No suspected human carcinogens organs or irreversible effects suspected All chemicals have known toxicities and OELs > 500ppm Water soluble alcohols (Lower alcohols) Consumer products in consumer packaging, unopened Solid salts Instrumental labs Compressed gases are simple asphyxiants Corrosivity Corrosivity Low concentration acids or bases Chemicals with hazardous characteristics are not present or are in small pH less than 2 or greater than 10.5 capped vials, sampled with a pipette or syringe 2

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Biological Hazards Check if Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Recommended PPE applicable ☐ Working with Exposure to Lab bench, sink • Peer-reviewed •Lab coats human , infectious material written •Nitrile gloves body fluids, or preservatives. procedure •Safety glasses tissues, or Eye or skin (SOP) •Use goggles for splash protection. bloodborne . • Job-specific •Select glove protection for pathogens training preserved specimens according to (BBP), animal • EH&S Lab & type of preservative used specimens Research (preserved and Safety Training unpreserved), • Biosafety Core or recombinant Course DNA • Follow standard Work with microbiological agents that are practices not known to consistently cause diseases in healthy adults. (BSL-1) ☐ Agents Exposure to Bio Safety Cabinets or Peer-reviewed written •Lab coats associated with infectious material other physical procedure (SOP) •Nitrile gloves human disease Routes of containments devices Job-specific training •Face and , as (BSL-2) transmission used for all manipulations EH&S Lab & Research needed include of agents that can cause Safety Training percutaneous splashes or aerosols of Biosafety Core Course injury, ingestion, infectious materials. Limited access, mucous membrane biohazard warning signs exposure Sharps precautions

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Medical surveillance policies must be available

☐ Indigenous or Exposure to Bio Safety Cabinets or EHS lab & research •Lab coats exotic agents infectious material other physical safety course, Contact •Nitrile gloves (BSL-3) May cause serious containments devices USF Biosafety Officer •Face and eye protection, as or potentially lethal used for all manipulations sink near needed disease through of agents that can cause laboratory exit the inhalation splashes or aerosols of route exposure infectious materials. Facility requirements: •Physical separation from access corridors •Self-closing, double- door access •Exhausted air not recirculated •Negative airflow into laboratory •Entry through or anteroom

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Physical Hazards Check if Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Recommended PPE applicable ☐ Working with Major skin, Store and work with • Peer-reviewed written • Safety glasses or goggles for cryogenics , or eye material in a laboratory procedure (SOP) large volumes damage or laboratory support • Safety Data Sheets (SDS) • Heavy impermeable areas with adequate air • Job-specific training insulated gloves; lab coat exchanges. • EH&S Lab and Research • Consider a face shield training • Oxygen monitor if greater than 60 gallons of liquid nitrogen

☐ Working with Frostbite, • Work with material or • Peer-reviewed written • Safety glasses or goggles for very cold Hypotherm equipment in a procedure (SOP) large volumes equipment or ia laboratory or laboratory • Safety Data Sheets (SDS) • Insulated gloves (possibly support areas with • Job-specific training warm clothing) adequate air exchanges. • EH&S Lab and Research • Lab coat • Allow dry ice to training sublimate in certified • Do not store dry ice in fume hood or glove box cold rooms

☐ Working with Burns resulting in Work with material in a • Peer-reviewed written • Safety glasses or goggles for hot liquids, skin or eye laboratory or laboratory procedure (SOP) large volumes equipment, or damage support areas with • Job-specific training • Insulated gloves open flames adequate air exchanges. • EH&S Lab and Research (impermeable insulated gloves (autoclave, training for liquids, steam) Bunsen burners, • Use & maintain • Lab coat water or oil equipment as per bath) manufactures guide • Do not use mercury containing thermometers • Do not heat liquids above flash point

15 ☐ Extreme • Sunburn, heat • Provide air- • Peer-reviewed written • Provide air-conditioned/ temperature stroke, conditioned/ heated procedure (SOP) heated area for rest breaks during field dehydration area for rest breaks • Consider fans, tents, activities • , • Consider fans, tents, umbrellas, chemical heat frostbite umbrellas, chemical packs heat packs • Always have fluids available • Always have fluids available

☐ Nonhazardous Uncontrolled • Store and work with • Peer-reviewed written Safety glasses should be worn material pressure release material in a laboratory procedure (SOP) when operating a regulator or compressed can cause or laboratory support • Job-specific training when using compressed air for gas cylinders personal injury areas with adequate air • EH&S Lab and Research cleaning/dusting or property exchanges training damage • Secure compressed • Keep regulators in good gas cylinders to a wall condition or bench by using a • Cap cylinders that are mounting bracket not in use or attached to equipment • Keep upright

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☐ Working with Uncontrolled • Store and work with • Peer-reviewed written Safety glasses should be worn hazardous pressure release material in a laboratory procedure (SOP) when operating a regulator or compressed gas can cause personal or laboratory support • Job-specific training when using compressed air for cylinders injury or property areas with adequate air • EH&S Lab and cleaning/dusting (flammable, damage; Fire or exchanges. Research training toxic, highly explosion; • Secure compressed gas • Keep regulators in toxic, corrosive, poisoning; severe cylinders to a wall or good condition air reactive, respiratory, eye, bench mounted bracket. • Cap cylinders that are pyrophoric, and skin irritation • Use and store in a not in use or attached those without certified chemical fume to equipment good hood or vented gas • Use a gas detection physiological cabinet. and alarm system warning • Purchase the properties) lowest concentration of the gas as possible

☐ Working with Potential ear • Lubricate machinery Peer-reviewed written Earplugs or ear muffs in loud damage and and equipment procedure (SOP) consultation with EH&S equipment, • Place a barrier between Job-specific training Occupational Safety noises, sounds, the noise source and EH&S Hearing or alarms, etc. employee (i.e. sound Conservation Training walls or curtains) Limit workers’ • Consider vibration exposures through isolation system. techniques such as job-rotation Operate noisy machines during times when fewer people are exposed Restrict worker presence to a suitable distance

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☐ Glassware, Laceration, • Use rubber mats in sinks to • Peer-reviewed • Heavy rubber gloves for needles, sharp injection, protect glassware written procedure glassware washing metal or plastic exposure • Use “safer” sharps (SOP) • Cut-resistant gloves when edges • Job-specific training handling sharps • Use plastic • Lab coat disposables ☐ Working with Electrical shock • Develop & follow task • Safety glasses electrical specific SOPs • Protective gloves equipment • Signs and postings (exposed notifying others of the electrical hazard present conductors, • Inspect power cords high voltage prior to use circuits, energized equipment) ☐ Harmful , Inhalation, • Work with material or • Peer-reviewed written • Safety goggles fumes, mists or lung damage, equipment in a procedure (SOP) • Respirator after consultation with vapors eye irritation laboratory or laboratory • Job-specific training EH&S Industrial support areas with • EH&S Lab and Research adequate air exchanges training or EH&S Shop • Local exhaust Safety or EH&S Safety ventilation and Compliance in the Arts ☐ Manipulation of Back injury • Use carts and mechanical • EH&S Back Safety Back support large objects Crush injury hoists Training (lifting) • Install conveyor belts and • Proper lifting machines that move technique; bend knees objects

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Radiological Hazards Check if Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Recommended PPE applicable Controls ☐ Working with any radioactive Cell damage, Contact USF Contact USF Contact USF materials requires prior approval potential spread of Radiation Safety Radiation Safety Radiation Safety by USF’s radiation safety officer – radioactive materials Officer Officer Officer 813-974-1194 ☐ Working with radiation producing Cell damage. Contact USF Contact USF Contact USF equipment (X-ray devices) Radiation Safety Radiation Safety Radiation Safety requires prior approval by USF’s Officer Officer Officer radiation safety officer – 813-974- 1194 ☐ Working with radiation Skin , Enclosures, screens SOP, Research- Safety glasses or conjunctivitis, corneal or filters used to specific Training, EHS chemical splash damage, skin redness contain the UV training, 4 hour goggles radiation. Devices training course, UV face shield such as interlocks to Warning Signs, Lab coat allow safe temporary limited access and access to a hazardous exposure time. area. Surfaces should Complete application be painted in a dark, for use dull color. ☐ Working with infrared emitting Cataracts, burns to Adequate Ventilation SOP, Research- Appropriate shaded equipment (i.e. glass blowing) cornea specific Training, EHS safety goggles training, 4 hour Lab coat training course, Warning Signs, limited access and exposure time. Complete application for use

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Laser Hazards Check if Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Recommended PPE applicable Controls ☐ Performing alignment, trouble- Eye and/or skin Enclosures to limit Follow requirements Proper Laser Safety shooting or maintenance that damage access to laser beam in the USF Laser glasses requires working with an open Safety Program – impermeable gloves beam and/or defeating the available on-line. Lab coat interlock(s) on any Class 3 of Class Warning Signs, 4 laser system limited access and All class 3b and 4 lasers must be exposure time. registered with USF’s laser safety officer 813-974-1194 ☐ Viewing a Class 3R laser beam Eye damage Enclosures to limit Follow requirements Proper Laser Safety with magnifying optics (including access to laser beam in the USF Laser glasses eyeglasses) Safety Program – available on-line. Warning Signs, limited access and exposure time.

Laser System Non-Beam Hazards ☐ Handling dye and other laser- Adverse health Adequate ventilation, • Follow Appropriate shaded related materials such as effects due to toxicity chemical fume hood, requirements in the safety goggles chemicals and solvents. from inhalation or or local exhaust. If USF Laser Safety Lab coat skin absorption, unavailable, a Program - available explosion, fire respirator may be online required (contact • EH&S Lab and EH&S). Research Safety training • Warning signs Limited access and exposure time

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for use ☐ Laser high voltage supplies Electrocution Use properly  Peer-reviewed Remove metal grounded equipment written procedure watches and jewelry and tools (SOP)  Job-specific training  USF Laser Safety Training  Make sure area is dry  Connect to power last  Warning signs  Limited access and exposure time

☐ Laser systems used to cut or etch Adverse health Ventilation/exhaust SOP, Research- Use properly materials. These lasers may have effects due to toxicity at laser work area, specific Training, EHS grounded potential to generate a fire from inhalation follow – training, 4 hour equipment and hazard. Laser beam may explosion, fire access to fire training course, tools generate air contaminants. extinguisher Warning Signs,  remove metal limited access and from body exposure time. Complete application for use

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Nanomaterial Hazards Check if Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Recommended PPE applicable ☐ Handling Inhalation, • Local exhaust • Peer-reviewed written • Safety glasses with side shields nanomaterial in ingestion, ocular, ventilation procedure (SOP) • Laboratory coat a bound and dermal • Certified chemical hood • Job-specific training • Disposable gloves to match any substrate or exposure are (with HEPA-filtered associated chemical hazards • EH&S Lab & Research matrix; water- possible. Acute exhaust) Safety Training based liquid irritation and • HEPA-filtered

suspensions or chronic respiratory exhausted enclosure • Maintain a clean work gels. Non- illness are possible. (Glove box) area by using wet wiping destructive • Biological safety cabinet method or vacuum with handling of class II type A1, A2, HEPA filtration after each nanomaterial. vented via thimble use No potential for connection, or B1 or B2 • Limit workers’ exposures airborne by using job-rotation release when schedules handling. ☐ Handling Inhalation, • Local exhaust • Peer-reviewed • Safety goggles nanomaterial in ingestion, ocular, ventilation written procedure • Laboratory coat made from non- powder of and dermal • Certified chemical hood (SOP) woven fibers pellet form, in exposure are (with HEPA-filtered • Job-specific training • Disposable shoe covers volatile liquid possible. Acute exhaust) • EH&S Lab & • Disposable gloves to match any suspensions or irritation and • HEPA-filtered Research Safety associated chemical hazards gels. Heating chronic respiratory exhausted enclosure Training materials, illness are possible. (Glove box) • Maintain a clean stirring or • Biological safety cabinet work area by using agitating liquid class II type A1, A2, wet wiping method suspensions or vented via thimble or vacuum with gels, weighing connection, or B1 or B2 HEPA filtration after or transferring each use powders or • Limit workers’ exposures by using job-rotation schedules

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pellets. exposures by using job- Moderate rotation schedules potential for release into air during handling.

☐ Generation or Inhalation, • Glove box or other • Peer-reviewed • Safety goggles manipulation ingestion, ocular, sealed enclosure with written procedure • Laboratory coat made from non- nanomaterial in and dermal HEPA-filtered exhaust. (SOP) woven fibers a powder or exposure are • Appropriate equipment • Job-specific training • Disposable shoe covers gaseous phase possible. Acute for monitoring toxic gas • EH&S Lab & • Disposable gloves to match any with high irritation and (e.g., CO) Research Safety associated chemical hazards potential for chronic respiratory Training • Respirator after consultation airborne illness are possible. • Maintain a clean with EH&S Industrial Hygiene release. work area by using wet wiping method or vacuum with HEPA filtration after each use • Limit workers’ exposures by using job-rotation schedules

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Shop Hazards Check if Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Recommended PPE applicable ☐ Machinery Entrapment and/or Use machine guarding • Loose hair, jewelry, ID • PPE that is form fitting - no work (wood and/or entanglement and locate emergency badges and loose gloves metalworking) hazard. Damage to stop clothing must be • Eye protection, hearing eyes due to flying secured to prevent protection where necessary debris entanglement ☐ Powered hand Laceration hazard; Use safety shields • Inspect power cord • Protective eyewear tools, such as electrical hazard; prior to use drill or hand potential eye • Power off when saw. damage due to changing bits and flying debris or tool blades parts.

☐ Painting, Poisoning Adequate ventilation, • Peer-reviewed • Full length smock, coveralls, or printmaking, Fire chemical fume hood, or written procedure apron and/or Skin/eye/lung local exhaust; if (SOP) • Safety glasses or chemical splash photography damage unavailable, a respirator • Job-specific training goggles may be required (contact • EH&S Safety and • Light chemical resistant gloves EH&S) Compliance in the (disposable nitrile, latex) See the Arts chemical glove compatibility chart • Purchase pre-mixed to choose appropriate chemical paints and resistant gloves specific to the solutions chemical being used

☐ Clay modeling, • Laceration hazard Vent kilns to the outside • Peer-reviewed • Eye protection (for flying debris or sculpting • Metal poisoning written procedure shaded) or splash goggles • Respiratory (SOP) • Apron system damage • Job-specific • Light chemical resistant gloves • Skin irritation training (disposable nitrile, latex) See the • Potential eye • EH&S Shop Safety chemical glove compatibility chart damage due to Training or EH&S to choose appropriate chemical flying debris Safety and resistant gloves specific to the Compliance in the chemical being used Arts

23 ☐ Hot work  Burns  Adequate ventilation or • Peer-reviewed • Eye protection (for flying debris or (soldering,  Fire local exhaust (if written procedure shaded) or splash goggles brazing,  Metal poisoning unavailable, a respirator (SOP) • Heavy protective apron welding,  Respiratory may be required • Job-specific • Welding helmets with filter lenses plasma system damage (contact EH&S) training • Flame-resistant gloves cutting) from fumes  Welding curtains to • EH&S Shop Safety • Hearing protection  Hearing damage reduce reflectivity Training or EH&S  Electric shock  Noncombustible Safety and welding screens or Compliance in the booths Arts  restraints • EH&S Hearing Conservation • EH&S Fire Safety and Prevention • Warning signs

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Blank Hazard Control Worksheet Activity Potential Hazard Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Recommended PPE

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References American Chemical Society. Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories.: Guidelines Developed by the Hazards Identification and Evaluation Task Force of the American Chemical Society’s Committee on Chemical Safety. 2013 American National Standards Institute ANSI Z49.1:2012 Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes https://app.aws.org/technical/AWS_Z49.pdf Hill, R. H. Jr.; Gaunce, J.A.; Whitehead, P. Chemical Health and Safety 1999, Jul-Aug, 7-14. National Research Council. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Evaluating Hazards and Assessing in the Laboratory, National Academy Press: Washington DC, 1995. Univeristy of Arizona. Laboratory Chemical Safety Manual. Section 5. Particularly Hazardous Chemicals. (https://orcbs.arizona.edu/files/forms/Laboratory%20Chemical%20Safety%20Manual.pdf) Accessed 3/6/2015. University of California. Laboratory Hazard Assessment Tool.( https://ucla.app.box.com/ehs-ppe-selection-guide) Accessed 3/18/2015

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Appendix 1: Establishing Chemical Safety Levels (American Chemical Society)

Table 8-1 is designed to help you determine a chemical safety level (CSL) appropriate to the chemical activities in a laboratory. This CSL provides general guidance for best chemical safety practices appropriate to the chemical hazards of the laboratory.

In order to use this table, start with the “Conceptual Hazard Level” row and work across the row, thinking about the type of hazards present in the lab room, lab group, or process and match the hazard to the Chemical Safety Level, across the top of the table. Compare the tentative Chemical Safety Level to the “Chemicals Used” row, to confirm proper assignment. Once the Chemical Safety Level is assigned, go down the table to identify the various safety measures appropriate to the lab room, lab group or process. Remember that these recommendations may be over-ridden by local factors; document the reasons for these variations as they occur.

Table 8-1 Suggested Approach for Establishing Chemical Safety Levels DESCRIPTOR OR CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CONTROL SAFETY LEVEL 1 SAFETY LEVEL 2 SAFETY LEVEL 3 SAFETY LEVEL 4 Scope of Assessment Possibilities Driving Consideration CONCEPTUAL Laboratory hazards Laboratory hazards Moderate or varying Novel hazards or HAZARD LEVEL equivalent to equivalent to laboratory hazards severe established (overview of risk typical household teaching lab settings within a narrow hazards (high hazard level) (restricted hazardous range (open chemicals or chemical inventory; hazardous chemical processes with well Flexible well-established inventory; evolving established procedures in place) procedures) procedures) Context Dependent

CHEMICALS USED Consumer products Low concentration Typical chemical Air/water reactive, (types or in consumer acids/bases, lower inventory for a pyrophoric materials characteristics of packaging; may alcohols, solid salts, research laboratory - or gases. Explosives chemicals used) receive but not simple asphyxiant flammable solvents, or potentially open chemical compressed gases corrosives, inorganic explosive compounds, Lab Room packages salts, toxics, highly toxic materials flammable gases. No (in any state of None identified air/water reactive, matter) pyrophoric materials

TRAINING Observe label and General lab safety Laboratory hazards Laboratory access REQUIREMENTS warning signs training in addition to require laboratory restricted to people (prerequisites for warning labels and specific safety accompanied by people working in the signs training experienced personnel lab) Lab group Based on highest lab hazard rating SUPERVISION Awareness of work Constant supervision Peer presence or Peer presence REQUIREMENTS being conducted or working alone working alone based (safety responsibilities based on specific on specific of lab leader(s)) restrictions restrictions Lab room Based on highest active lab hazard process

Table 8-1 Suggested Approach for Establishing Chemical Safety Levels DESCRIPTOR OR CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CONTROL SAFETY LEVEL 1 SAFETY LEVEL 2 SAFETY LEVEL 3 SAFETY LEVEL 4 Scope of Assessment Possibilities Driving Consideration OVERSIGHT *Weekly self- *Weekly self- *Weekly self- *Daily self- REQUIREMENTS inspections; inspections; inspections; inspections; (expectations for **self-audits three **self-audits three ***monthly drop bys; ***monthly drop bys; institutional review of times per year times per year **self-audits three **self-audits three times per year; times per year; lab operations) ‡risk-based †risk-based Lab group institutional review institutional review schedule schedule Based on highest lab hazard rating PLANNING Process specific Written procedures Written procedures Written procedures REQUIREMENTS plans written and including safety including safety including safety (specific requirements the presence of protocols protocols must be protocols must be for planning of work) other chemicals peer reviewed supervisor reviewed prohibited Process specific Based on highest rated chemical involved GENERAL PPE Coverage of legs Above plus eye Above plus lab coat Above plus flame REQUIREMENTS and feet protection resistant lab coat (EYE AND SKIN EXPOSURE) (protection requirements to enter the room) Lab room Primarily based on physical ratings SPECIFIC PPE No gloves Activity-specific Activity-specific Activity-specific REQUIREMENTS gloves - thin nitrile, gloves - thin nitrile, gloves - flame (HAND AND vinyl, or latex vinyl, or latex resistant if using RESPIRATORY disposable gloves disposable gloves pyrophoric liquids, would be typical would be acceptable neoprene if using PROTECTION) for an incidental large quantities. (protection small quantity splash. requirements to Neoprene or butyl conduct work) rubber may be Process specific needed for immersion in solvents, or similar Primarily based on physical ratings

GENERAL None or low ‡ Moderate ‡ High ventilation, as Ventilation designed VENTILATION ventilation ventilation, as defined defined by laboratory specifically for this REQUIREMENTS specifications by laboratory ventilation operation (facility support ventilation management plan management plan requirements)

Lab room Primarily based on health rating

Table 8-1 Suggested Approach for Establishing Chemical Safety Levels DESCRIPTOR OR CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CONTROL SAFETY LEVEL 1 SAFETY LEVEL 2 SAFETY LEVEL 3 SAFETY LEVEL 4 Scope of Assessment Possibilities Driving Consideration OTHER Local exhaust Fume hood, local Fume hood, local ENGINEERING ventilation () exhaust ventilation exhaust ventilation CONTROLS (snorkel) (snorkel), glove/dry box, enclosed reactor

Based on exposure risk EMERGENCY Institutional- Institutional-specific Institutional-specific Institutional-specific RESPONSE specific response response protocol; response protocol; response protocol; PROTOCOL protocol people with may have advanced specific pre-planning (expectations for knowledge of lab response protocol required incident have to make the situation response to potential responsibility to safe while evacuating hazmat emergencies) provide information Lab room to responders

Primarily based on physical and mechanical ratings * Self-Inspections: quick look at physical surroundings - may or may not use a formal ** Self-Audits: more comprehensive review of the CSL and other documentation; uses a checklist *** Drop-by: informal review, consult, check-in, friendly visit by an institutional representative † Risk-based Institutional Review: formal review of lab by an institutional representative; uses a checklist, documents issues for correction, escalates issues to upper management as necessary ‡ Contact facilities for details about the laboratory ventilation plan.

30

NOTES

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Laboratory Safety Training

Hazardous Refresher

Biomedical Waste Refresher

Hazardous Communication

Personal Protective Equipment

Slips, Trips, and Falls

Hearing Conservation

Golf Cart Training

Asbestos Awareness Training

Fire Prevention Safety Training

Environmental Health & Safety 4202 E. Fowler Ave. OPM 100 Tampa, FL 33620 (813) 974-4036 http://www.usf.edu/ehs/ June 2020