DOCSLIB.ORG

ACM Bytecast Maria Klawe - Episode 10 Transcription

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ACM Bytecast Maria Klawe - Episode 10 Transcription ACM Bytecast Maria Klawe - Episode 10 Transcription Rashmi: This is ACM ByteCast, a podcast series from the Association for Computing Machinery, the world's largest educational and scientific computing society. We talk to researchers, practitioners, and innovators who are at the intersection of computing research and practice. They share their experiences, the lessons they've learned and their own visions for the future of computing. Rashmi: With 14 years, as the president of the prestigious Harvey Mudd College, our next guest knows a thing or two about engineering. Maria Klawe has spent her career as a mathematician, computer scientist, teacher, administrator, and a vocal supporter of equity in academia and the tech industry. It is rumored that she knows every student on campus by name. She's the recipient of numerous awards, and also has 17 honorary doctorates. Maria, welcome to ACM ByteCast. Maria Klawe: Thank you so much Rashmi. Rashmi: I'd love to start with the question that I ask all my guests. If you could please introduce yourself and talk about what you currently do as well as give us some insight into what really drew you into this field of work. Maria Klawe: I'd be happy to do that. So my name is Maria Klawe, as Rashmi said, I'm in my 15th year as president of Harvey Mudd College, which is a small science and engineering college in Southern California, one of the Claremont Colleges. And before that, I was Dean of engineering at Princeton. And before that I was Dean of science at the University of British Columbia. And I had several positions at the university of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Before that I worked for IBM Research in San Jose. And before that I was at the University of Toronto. So I've spent my career basically, mostly in academia and mostly in academic leadership positions. But also what's quite a lot of interaction with industry, having been at IBM Research for eight years, and then also having been on the boards of Microsoft and Broadcom. And I'm currently on the board of startup called Glowforge. Maria Klawe: So the first thing I should say, and we'll probably come back to this, is I actually intended to be a mathematician from my career. I grew up loving Math and Math was not a thing that girls were supposed to be good at at that time. And I think that's where my passion for equity, diversity, inclusion and equity in all STEM fields stem from, because everyone at that point would say to me, "I don't see what you want to be a mathematician." Even though they knew I was really good at Mathematics. But they would say, "There are no great female mathematicians. You're Page 1 ACM Bytecast Maria Klawe - Episode 10 Transcription so good at lots of other things. Why don't you do something else?" And I happened to be extremely stubborn as are both of my children, I will just say. And so the easiest way to get me to do anything is tell me not to do it. So of course I stuck with Mathematics and I ended up getting my PhD in Mathematics Maria Klawe: At the time. Both of my parents were academics. My mother was an economist and my father was a cartographer and I had always loved teaching and I love doing research. And I just assumed that I would be a professor in, started as an assistant professor at some university somewhere. And I did know that there were lots of people on the job market, in the field of pure mathematics. And I knew that there were not a lot of positions, but of course I assumed that didn't really apply to me. And sure enough, I got a tenure track position at a University of Michigan, about 25 miles North of Detroit called Oakland University. And moved there and was really stunned to discover that I didn't like being there. So it was mostly a social thing. I was single and I had one date in the entire time I was there and with somebody I didn't like. I mean, there was just no social [inaudible 00:04:01] whatsoever. Maria Klawe: And I was teaching student multi-variable calculus and linear programming, things like that to students who literally could not add fractions. And this is not a description of Oakland University today. Let me say it's come a long way from those days. But there had been some issues. Then they changed their admission standards and all of a sudden the students were not very strong. And so one of the ways I coped with being there was to spend a lot of time at conferences. And I just discovered through that, that there were people that were doing the kind of Mathematics that I had moved to do when I went to Oakland, which was discrete Mathematics, who actually were in Computer Science Departments and that the job market was crazy. And so as a result, I decided I would get a second PhD in Computer Science. And that would mean that I could be a faculty member at, for example, a Canadian University or a top university someplace else. Maria Klawe: And I've spent my career at the interface of Mathematics and Computer Science, and I feel incredibly lucky to have had that opportunity. I've been heavily involved in professional societies and research institutes and so on, on the Math side, but also on the Computer Science side. And I think one of the things that became very obvious to me in the 1980s is that the number of women in Computer Science were dropping and there weren't the same kinds of activities that they're ready were in Mathematics, just to encourage women in Mathematics. So I just sort of, it was obvious to me that I need to start a number of organizations to try and encourage more women to enter and stay in Computer Science. So I was talking to a student with whom I'm currently working with on discrete Mathematics. Maria Klawe: Page 2 ACM Bytecast Maria Klawe - Episode 10 Transcription And we're loving doing it, and it's just being incredibly productive. And he said, "I just can't understand since you love doing Math so much, why you went into administration." And I said, "It's because I want to change the world. And it's much easier to affect change when you're actually in a leadership role." And I think one of the important places to affect change isn't academia because academia affects the pipeline. I mean, if we don't graduate more women in Computer Science, it's very hard to really increase the numbers of women in the tech industry. But I've also been involved in the tech industry and trying to move things there. So I would say I love both Math and Computer Science. I still love research and teaching. And I love being an administrative leader because it allows me to be more impactful in terms of creating change. Rashmi: Thank you for that introduction. And for that history, it really sort of adds color to the decisions that you've made and the path that you've taken. I'd like to go back to the point where, I mean, when you had a very strong motivation to leave the Math world that you had created for yourself because clearly your social life was being impacted tremendously. But when you entered the Computer Science world, whether it was to choose, I know you were, you were pursuing a PhD in Computer Science when you found a position that clearly the jobs were there, but did you find that that transition from Math to CS was fairly seamless and the number of women there I'm guessing was still very low. You didn't have a whole lot of role models, I'm guessing, to look at and say, "Okay, I want to be like that person." Maria Klawe: So the first thing I'll say is it definitely wasn't seamless. I entered graduate studies in Computer Science at the University of Toronto taking five graduate courses per semester, never having written a line of code or taken a course in Computer Science. And of course for the theoretical Computer Science courses, that wasn't a problem because I have had a very strong background in Mathematics. But I was taking things like compilers and operating systems and all of this programming language, all of these kinds of things where I had absolutely no background. And so the first three weeks or so, I didn't have a clue what was going on in any of my courses, other than the theory ones. But I just was determined. And I literally worked seven days a week, from 7:00 AM, till midnight, every single day. I did nothing but work. And by the time I was sort of four weeks in, I was starting to understand things pretty well. Maria Klawe: And I got pretty much straight A's in all of the courses I took. And by the time I... And I was also teaching introductory Computer Science. I think I didn't start teaching until my second semester, but I started teaching introductory Computer Science. And within... By February, I was getting invitations to apply for Computer Science faculty positions in Canada.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stories from the Jade Project
    Stories from the Jade Project Sharing a passion for science and engineering with girls and women across British Columbia and Yukon Stories from the Jade Project Copyright © 2009 by Anne Condon, Michele Ng, and Lisa Frey All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Published by the University of British Columbia Department of Computer Science, Vancouver, British Columbia. www.cs.ubc.ca Printed in Canada. Design by Fiona Chiang Stories from the Jade Project Sharing a Passion for Science and Engineering with Girls and Women Across British Columbia and the Yukon Anne Condon Michele Ng Lisa Frey University of British Columbia Department of Computer Science in partnership with the Natural Sciences and Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and General Motors Canada To Maria Klawe, who brought us together, inspired us, and is always there to support us Acknowledgments It’s truly amazing how many people have worked so hard to make the Jade Project a success and who have supported us through the past five years. The Jade Bridges Project was key to seeding outreach and support activities at institutions across the province. Jade Bridges project leaders have brought tre- mendous energy and passion to their projects. We have learned so much from all of you: AWAKE (Aboriginal Women Achieving Through Knowledge in Engineering), Yvonne Coady, Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria Bridging Transitions workshop series, Karen Kavanagh, Elana Brief, Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University A Career in Science: Workshop for Female Undergraduates, Rebecca Tyson, Trudy Kavanagh, I.K.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report in Their First Wave to Understand the Image of Computing Among Youth
    others important pollution security something reducing environment helping really care many appeals change improvehelptoday good people life difference lives impact New Image want shows just future improving empowers career job one for love Computing also making learning place believe personally relevant know things Report on Market Research (April 2009) think health better community able fact makes positive technology make energy education enjoy world consumption problems Prepared by: WGBH Educational Foundation and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Executive Summary New Image for Computing (NIC) is managed by WGBH, a leading producer of television and non-broadcast educational media, and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the world’s oldest and largest educational and scientifi c computing society. Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. CNS-0753686), NIC is currently in the fi rst stage of what is planned as a multi-phase project that aims to improve the image of computer science among high school students (with a special focus on gender and ethnic disparities) and encourage greater participation in computer science at the postsecondary level. Working with experienced marketing professionals, the NIC initiative seeks to: 1 understand the attitudes held by high school students toward the study of computing in college and potential computing careers; 2 create a set of market-tested messages that resonate with young people, accurately and positively represent the fi eld, and reshape the way computer science is portrayed to and perceived by young people; 3 conduct a pilot campaign using the tested messages. This pilot will assess strategies for how the messages can be used in a variety of ways to reach young people in their communities; 4 build a coalition of partners (computing organizations, universities, high school educators, and others) to adopt the messages and spread the word about the rewards and benefi ts of a career in computer science in honest, positive, and unifi ed ways; and 5 evaluate the results.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 ANNUAL REPORT Anita Borg Institute Reach in 2011
    ANITA BORG INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN AND TECHNOLOGY 2011 ANNUAL REPORT Anita Borg Institute Reach in 2011 5,102 Program participants 42,866 Members of online communities 16,315 Newsletter recipients 348 Articles, blog and media mentions 29 Press releases mentioning partners 41 Speaking engagements Anita Borg Institute Newsletter Recipients The Anita Borg Institute Newsletter is sent to subscribers in 125 countries. 2 Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology Annual Report Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing he Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the largest Tgathering of women in computing in the world. Held November 9 – 12 in Portland, Oregon, the conference featured 10 tracks and included the Senior Women’s Summit, Technical Executive Forum, K12 Computing Teachers Workshop, and Grace Hopper Open Source Day. Key accomplishments: | OCTOBER 3–6, 2012 As a student, attending GHC BALTIMORE, MARYLAND • 2889 attendees energized my passion for • 35% increase in attendance from 2010 technology by providing an • 1108 students TITUTE FOR WOMEN AND TECHNOLOGY environment that allows women A PROGRAM OF THE ANITA BORG INS • 146 companies to connect, learn, and grow. Now, • 235 academic institutions • 98 sponsors as a recruiter, I am able to give • 34 countries represented back to a community that has • 419 speakers graciously given me so much. • 148 people on the committees Tyelisa Shields, Systems Solutions Engineer, HP WWW.GRACEHOPPER.ORG Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India he Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India brings Tthe research and career interests of women in computing in India to the forefront. The 2011 conference was held December 14 – 16 in Bangalore, India.
    [Show full text]
  • A Conversation with the CHCCS 2017 Achievement Award Winner
    A Conversation with the CHCCS 2017 Achievement Award Winner Kori Inkpen Microsoft Research ABSTRACT Dr. Kori Inkpen is the CHCCS Achievement Award winner for 2017. For the past 25 years, she has worked in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), including ten years as a faculty member, first at Simon Fraser University and then at Dalhousie University, followed by another ten years in industry at Microsoft Research. Her research has focused on supporting collaboration in a variety of domains. PlayinG toGether. Observations of Grade 5-6 For the invited publication by the award winner that children playing computer games were part of CHCCS includes in the proceedings, again this year Kori’s dissertation research. Differences in sharing we are experimenting with an interview format behavior between girls and boys when pairs rather than a formal paper. This permits a casual played together or in parallel helped spark Kori’s discussion of the research area(s), insights, and interest in how collaboration technology should contributions of the award winner. What follows is be designed, and how choices made by designers an edited transcript of a conversation between Kori affect the benefits gained from the technology Inkpen and Kellogg Booth that took place on April differently for various user groups. 13, 2017, via Skype. was excited about the possibility of working on this THE INTERVIEW project and combing my interest in computer CHCCS: Congratulations, Kori. You have been science with my love of working with children. The E- selected as the 2017 CHCCS Achievement Award GEMS project was looking at how to motivate kids, winner.
    [Show full text]
  • Onwie Summit Receives Advice, Inspiration from Maria Klawe Bold Dreams and First Steps
    ONWiE Summit receives advice, inspiration from Maria Klawe Bold dreams and first steps. That’s what Maria Klawe – one of North America’s leading advocates for increasing the participation of women in the STEM fields – brought to the 2019 Ontario Network of Women in Engineering (ONWiE) summit in Hamilton. Offering a combination of energetic inspiration and practical advice, Klawe kicked off a two-day conference that brought together nearly 100 women from across the province and beyond. A leading computer scientist, Klawe has served as president of California’s Harvey Mudd College since 2006, and helped the school reach gender parity among students in its computer science, engineering and physics departments. Fifty per cent of the school’s computer science faculty are also female, and Klawe said the college is turning its attention to improving opportunities for other underrepresented groups. Those achievements were the result of a number of small, replicable steps, she noted, using her keynote speech and workshop session to press the message that everyone can be a catalyst for change. “I think the most important thing to understand about change that it often starts with something small,” she said. “The thing everyone can do is talk about why it is absolutely essential to have more women in tech.” Changes at Harvey Mudd included remodelling the introductory computer science course, placing students together in sections based on previous coding experience, providing summer research opportunities for females, and taking groups of students to the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference. Bringing together women from academia and industry, the ONWiE summit focused on ways to attract more females to study and work in engineering and technology fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloadable Content, and Peripherals
    Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2013 OR ¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Transition Period From to Commission File Number 0-14278 MICROSOFT CORPORATION WASHINGTON 91-1144442 (STATE OF INCORPORATION) (I.R.S. ID) ONE MICROSOFT WAY, REDMOND, WASHINGTON 98052-6399 (425) 882-8080 www.microsoft.com/investor Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: COMMON STOCK, $0.00000625 par value per share NASDAQ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
    [Show full text]
  • Computingresearchnews
    COMPUTING R ESEARCH N EWS The News Journal of the Computing Research Association September 1993 Vol. 5/No. 4 Nico Habermann was a House passes NII Act BY Juan Antonio Osuna expected to reach gigabit speeds in the “visionary leader in HPCC” CRA Staff next few years. The House passed the National Representatives from the regional A. Nico Habermann, an internationally renowned computer scientist, died of Information Infrastructure Act of 1993 telephone companies and the research an apparent heart attack Aug. 8 at his Pittsburgh home. He was 62. on July 26 with a sweeping 326 to 61 and education communities, including Habermann served as assistant director of the National Science vote. CRA, deliberated over language Foundation’s Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate. Introduced by Rep. Rick Boucher limiting use of this testbed, the only He commuted regularly from Pittsburgh to Washington, DC. (D-VA), bill HR 1757 expands the portion of the Internet that is federally “We are shocked and saddened by the sudden death of our colleague and High-Performance Computing and subsidized. The telephone companies friend,” said NSF acting director Frederick Bernthal. “He was a visionary Communications Act of 1991 to bring expressed fear that federal support leader in high-performance computing, networking and information infrastruc- libraries, local governments, schools and could dilute their pool of potential ture. He will be missed; but his legacy of excellence and leadership at NSF will health care providers onto national customers. Research and education continue.” computer networks. groups argued that federal support Habermann came to NSF from Carnegie Mellon University, where he had Representatives who oppose the would do the opposite by encouraging served as dean of the School of Computer Science.
    [Show full text]
  • Eugene Meetings (August 16-19)-Page 485
    Eugene Meetings (August 16-19)-Page 485 Notices of the American Mathematical Society August 1984, Issue 235 Volume 31, Number 5, Pages 433-560 Providence, Rhode Island USA ISSN 0002-9920 Calendar of AMS Meetings THIS CALENDAR lists all meetings which have been approved by the Council prior to the date this issue of the Notices was sent to press. The summer and annual meetings are joint meetings of the Mathematical Association of America and the Ameri· can Mathematical Society. The meeting dates which fall rather far in the future are subject to change; this is particularly true of meetings to which no numbers have yet been assigned. Programs of the meetings will appear in the issues indicated below. First and second announcements of the meetings will have appeared in earlier issues. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS presented at a meeting of the Society are published in the journal Abstracts of papers presented to the American Mathematical Society in the issue corresponding to that of the Notices which contains the program of the meet­ ing. Abstracts should be submitted on special forms which are available in many departments of mathematics and from the office of the Society in Providence. Abstracts of papers to be presented at the meeting must be received at the headquarters of the Society in Providence, Rhode Island, on or before the deadline given below for the meeting. Note that the deadline for ab­ stracts submitted for consideration for presentation at special sessions is usually three weeks earlier than that specified below. For additional information consult the meeting announcement and the list of organizers of special sessions.
    [Show full text]
  • Solving the Equation: the Variables for Women's Success
    SOLVING THE EQUATION The Variables for Women’s Success in Engineering and Computing SOLVING THE EQUATION The Variables for Women’s Success in Engineering and Computing Christianne Corbett, M.A., AAUW Senior Researcher Catherine Hill, Ph.D., AAUW Vice President of Research Published by AAUW 1111 Sixteenth St. NW Washington, DC 20036 202.785.7700 [email protected] www.aauw.org Copyright © 2015 AAUW All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First printing: March 2015 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933064 ISBN: 978-1-879922-45-7 082-15 05M 03/15 AAUW deeply appreciates the following generous contributors for their support of this research report. AAUW gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the National Science Foundation, Research on Gender in Science and Engineering award 1420214, for the production and dissemination of this report. Any opinions, findings, and con- clusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. AAUW gratefully acknowledges AT&T, the exclusive Information and Communications Technology Member of AAUW’s STEM Workforce Coalition. AT&T’s leadership support will help the report inspire maximum impact among the broadest audience possible. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of AT&T. AAUW gratefully acknowledges the members of the Mooneen Lecce Giving Circle for their generous support and encouragement of AAUW’s research for the past eight years. Their work honors the legacy of Mooneen Lecce, whose passion for AAUW’s mission continues to inspire volunteerism and charitable giving dedicated to improving the lives of women and girls.
    [Show full text]
  • An Action Guide to Help Close the Gender Gap in STEM
    An action guide to help close the “A career in computing gives you a gender gap chance to build things. Websites, apps, games, graphics … If you can dream it, computer science can help you do it!” in STEM – Alice Steinglass, President, Code.org 1 Careers in science, technology, engineering and The research pointed to five categories for taking math (STEM) and computer science (CS) are critical in action: shaping the world we live in and solving some of its • Provide role models. Girls and young women biggest challenges. Unfortunately, despite the high have a hard time picturing themselves in STEM roles. Introduction priority placed on these subjects in school, only a Seeing women who work in STEM and technology fraction of girls and women are likely to pursue them. helps remind girls they have a place in these fields if By the time they’re in college, for example, 58 percent they want it. of female students believe that jobs that require • Generate excitement. Girls want to be creative programming and coding are “not for them.” As long and have a positive impact on the world. Many as half the population is less than fully represented in don’t realize that STEM and computer science STEM and CS fields, we will miss out on the diverse careers can give them exactly the opportunities perspectives needed to drive innovation and solve they’re looking for! today’s toughest problems. • Provide hands-on experience. Girls who participate in STEM clubs and activities outside The good news is that there are steps we can all take of school are more likely to say they will pursue to help close the gender gap in STEM and CS.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump To: Navigation, Search
    Microsoft From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Coordinates: 47°38′22.55″N 122°7′42.42″W / 47.6395972°N 122.12845°W / 47.6395972; -122.12845 Microsoft Corporation Public (NASDAQ: MSFT) Dow Jones Industrial Average Type Component S&P 500 Component Computer software Consumer electronics Digital distribution Computer hardware Industry Video games IT consulting Online advertising Retail stores Automotive software Albuquerque, New Mexico Founded April 4, 1975 Bill Gates Founder(s) Paul Allen One Microsoft Way Headquarters Redmond, Washington, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Steve Ballmer (CEO) Brian Kevin Turner (COO) Bill Gates (Chairman) Ray Ozzie (CSA) Craig Mundie (CRSO) Products See products listing Services See services listing Revenue $62.484 billion (2010) Operating income $24.098 billion (2010) Profit $18.760 billion (2010) Total assets $86.113 billion (2010) Total equity $46.175 billion (2010) Employees 89,000 (2010) Subsidiaries List of acquisitions Website microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system (OS) market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of OSes. Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. The company has diversified in recent years into the video game industry with the Xbox and its successor, the Xbox 360 as well as into the consumer electronics market with Zune and the Windows Phone OS.
    [Show full text]
  • America Competes: Science and the U.S
    S. HRG. 113–641 AMERICA COMPETES: SCIENCE AND THE U.S. ECONOMY HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 6, 2013 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 94–535 PDF WASHINGTON : 2015 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:57 May 14, 2015 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\94535.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia, Chairman BARBARA BOXER, California JOHN THUNE, South Dakota, Ranking BILL NELSON, Florida ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi MARIA CANTWELL, Washington ROY BLUNT, Missouri MARK PRYOR, Arkansas MARCO RUBIO, Florida CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota DEAN HELLER, Nevada MARK WARNER, Virginia DAN COATS, Indiana MARK BEGICH, Alaska TIM SCOTT, South Carolina RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut TED CRUZ, Texas BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii DEB FISCHER, Nebraska EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin CORY BOOKER, New Jersey ELLEN L. DONESKI, Staff Director JAMES REID, Deputy Staff Director JOHN WILLIAMS, General Counsel DAVID SCHWIETERT, Republican Staff Director NICK ROSSI, Republican Deputy Staff Director REBECCA SEIDEL, Republican General Counsel and Chief Investigator (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:57 May 14, 2015 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\94535.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on November 6, 2013 .......................................................................
    [Show full text]