SATHKHIRA DISTRICT EQUITY PROFILE-

November 2014

Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) Programme. Supported by: UNICEF

Satkhira District Map

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1.0 Overview of the district 1.1 Background,Area and location Satkhira is a district in south-western and is part of Division. It was originally a sub-division of Khulna which was upgraded to a district on the 3rd February, 1984. Nothing is definitely known about the origin of name of the district. There is a popular belief that Bishu Ram, a Dewan of the Moharaja Krishna Chandra of Nadia (now in India), rehabilitated seven aristocrat Brahmins in seven (meaning sath in Bengali) separate house (meaning Ghar in Bengali), in consequence of which the area took its name as Sathgharia. Subsequently it was renamed as Satkhira when the British administration upgraded it to a sub-division in 1861. It is bounded on the north by Jessoredistrict, on the east by , on the south by Bay of and on the west by India. Salinity intrusion, coastal flood, cyclone etc are the major hazards for Satkhira. Most of the people at Satkhira engage in agriculture, fishing, and shirmp farming. The annual average maximum temperature reaches 35.5°C (95.9°F); and minimum temperature is 12.5°C (54.5°F). The annual rainfall is 1710 mm (67 in). The soil of the district is alluvial floodplain and fertility capacity is high. The main rivers are the Morichap, Kholpota, Betna, Rainmangal, Hariabhanga, Ichamoti, Betrabati and KalindiJamuna. Part of Sundarban, the largest forest of the world also situated in Sathkira. About 1632.00 km areas of is under forest.

1.2 Basic Data Indicator Number Total Area 3817.29 Square km Total population Total: 1512484 Male: 758387 Female: 754097 Number of Upazilla 7 Number of Union 79 Number of Vilalge 1436 Number of Thana 8 thana (police station) Number of municipality/pourashava 2 (Satkhira and Kalaroa) Under 5 population Total: 132440 0- 5 months:13460 6-23 months: 34385 6- 59 months: 121977 Female adolescent 13-19 yrs.: 120999 Pregnant and lactating women Pregnant women: 27043 Lactating women: 71891

1.3 Population and Demography

Sathkhira is one of the populas district of the country with annual growth rate of 0.62. About 90 percent of the total population living in rural areas with slighly increaseing trend in urbanization.

Table: wise households, population and literacy

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Upazill A House Population Literacy (%) a re holds a Numb Aver T M Fe T M F (a er age ot al m o a e cr Size al e al t l m e) of e a e al Hous l e ehol d Assasu 92 62037 4.33 2 13 13 5 5 4 ni 61 6 39 47 0 5 5 8 8 90 64 7 5 4 Debhat 42 29813 4.20 1 62 62 5 5 5 a 80 2 42 92 5 9 1 2 5 9 9 3 5 8 Kalaro 57 59222 4.01 2 11 12 5 5 4 a 18 3 68 11 1 4 8 7 7 11 81 9 9 2 Kaliga 82 64909 4.22 2 13 13 5 5 4 nj 48 7 60 88 2 5 8 1 4 89 00 8 8 9 Sadar 98 10910 4.19 4 23 23 5 6 5 49 5 6 06 02 7 0 3 0 0 28 64 8 9 2 Shyam 48 72279 4.40 3 15 16 4 5 4 nagar 63 1 34 48 9 4 4 60 8 41 13 2 5 4 Tala 83 72404 4.13 2 14 15 5 5 4 33 9 93 04 1 5 7 4 9 89 31 8 2 0 Source: National Census 2011

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There are sevenupazilla in Sathkhira, Shyamnagar is the largest and Debhata is the smallest in terms of geographical areas. Average household size is surprisingly almost equal in all the upazillas. Sadarupazilla has the highest literacy rate whereas Kalaroa and Tala have equal percentage.

1.4 Climate The average temperature for the year in Satkhira is 77.0°F (25°C). The warmest month, on average, is May with an average temperature of 86.0°F (30°C). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 66.0°F (18.9°C).

Y J F M A M J J A S O N D Mont e a e a p a u u u e c o e h a n b r r y n l g p t v c r

3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 0. Avera 5 8 9 3 4 4 3 1 1 2 1 6 6 ge ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( high ( ( ( 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 7 8 °C 7 8 8 1 3 3 1 7 7 9 7 8 6. (°F) 7 2 4 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6 ) ) ) )

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 5 8 1 Avera 0 4 5 6 6 5 5 3 3 ( ge low ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 6 °C 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 6 9. (°F) 8 5 7 8 8 7 7 3 5 3 9 4 5 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

1, 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 8 3 7 6 3 4 9 5 2 6 4 3 8 Precip 0 1 9 5 5 3 5 7 2 0 ( itation ( ( ( 7 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0 mm 0 1 2 ( 0 5 1 1 1 1 5 ( . (inche . . . 6 . . 1. 3. 2. 0. . 1 3 s) 3 2 8 6. 9 7 6 9 8 5 6 ) ) ) ) ) 6 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Satkhira is 66.5" (1689.1 mm). The month with the most precipitation on average is July with 13.9" (353.1 mm) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of 0.3" (7.6 mm). In terms of liquid precipitation, there are an average of 98.0 days of rain, with the most rain occurring in July with 19.0 days of rain, and the least rain occurring in December with 1.0 days of rain.

1.5 Economy Most of the peoples of southern part of Satkhira depend on pisciculture locally called gher. Main fruits are ), Blackberry, , banana, papaya, litchi, and guava. Farms are 86 dairies, 322 poultry farms, 3046 fisheries, 3650 shrimp farms, 66 hatcheries and 1 cattle breeding centre. The main exports are shrimp, paddy, jute, wheat, betel leaf, leather and jute goods.

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The vast majority of family income earned through daily wage employment, one-third of which are unskilled daily labours. In the district as a whole 13% earns through farming and 3% from aquaculture; while 30% main income earners have no education (UN REACH survey 2011).

1.6 Communication Most of the areas of the district are well communicable except some Islands inside the forests. Engine boats are generally used to reach remote Islands on the other hand foot, bicycle and motor bikes are popular for inland hard to reach areas. Some areas with muddy roads become inaccessible only during rainy season. These areas become real hard to reach as they can only be accessed on foot, and it is often difficult.

Road Type Earthen(KM) Pavement(KM) Total Length(KM) Upazila Road : 6585.81 29797.33 37334.86 Union Road : 19981.70 22478.31 44202.03 Village Road A: 100645.49 8736.13 111340.87 Village Road B: 86117.94 22291.64 111501.55 Total Roads: 213330.94 83303.41 304379.31 Source: LGED Satkhira

1.6.1 Access to Mass Media and ICT Indicator Description Satkhira Dist (%) Access to mass media Exposure to Percentage of women age 15-49 years who at least 6.2 mass media once a week read a newspaper or magazine, listen to the radio, and watch television Use of information/communication technology Use of Percentage of young women age 15-49 years who 4.7 computers used a computer during the last months Use of internet Percentage of young women age 15-24 years who 1.0 used the internet during the last 12 months Source: MICS 2012-2013

1.7 Sociocultural Scenario Satkhira district relatively a religious sensitive area of having higher percentage practices of child marriage and child labour. There are many communities where majority of girls children got married before the age of 15. Children are engaged in hazourdous jobs like in tea stall, fish firm, brick fields and agricultural firms.

1.8 Access to basic services 10% of country’s children lives in Khulna Division of which 24% are either living in households under the 1$ day/person PPP-s threshold or experiencing severe deprivation of human need. 57% children are facing at least one severe deprivation of their basic needs.

The coastal belt in Khulna division is prone to cyclones and flooding so it is a pocket of vulnerability, with approximately 3 million extremely poor people living there. These people suffer from a lack of fresh water (salinity problem), lack of income generating options (leading to urban migration), lack of access to basic services (health problems related to salinity), low levels of children attending school, lack of access to social protection

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1.9Disability: Though there is a lack of reliable data on the total number of disable people in Satkhira district, they are commonly seen almost everywhere in the district. Defective birth, natural disasters, road accidents and disease are among the most common causes of disability in this area. Some NGOs (ADD) are working exclusively on disable child. As census 2011, 1.7% (33761 person) of total population in Satkhira are disable out of this speech 0.2%, vision 0.3%, hearing 0.2%, physical 0.7%, mental 0.2%, and autism 0.1%.

1.10Issues Related to Natural Disaster

Satkhira as coastal district is prone to cyclone, salinity, sea upsurge, flood and other natural and manmade disasters.In July 2011, excessive rainfall and failure of drainage system created flood and water logged the new areas of seven of Satkhira District. Four (Tala, Debhata, Satkhira Sadar and Kolarua) of them were worse affected. About 8,26,124 people of 1,95,562 families in 66 unions & 2 municipalities of Satkhira were affected. Among these, 27,966 families shifted in shelter centres and rest of the families took place on both sides of Khulna-Satkhira highway or stay back in the water logged villages. At least 45% of the affected population was children. Moreover many of the earthen houses collapsed making the people homeless leaving the children and their family in a very vulnerable situation and adolescent girls were sent to relatives’ house for safety and security, minor children were sent to the relatives’ house to protect them from snake bites, drowning, etc. Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, UNICEF, Save the Children and Plan Bangladesh responded to protect the children from the above threats. Organising Child Friendly Space and repair of schools as well as distribution of hygiene kits and educational materials were part of those interventions. All these initiatives were able to reach about 4000 children directly.

2.0 Situation Analysis 2.1 Education Education profile: There are 1364 primary education institutions in the district with 266 Ebtadia madrasha. Enrolement rate is 99.85% in primary schools. Girls enrolment is 99.30%; 35,485 Pre- primary age children are attending classes at 1049 facilities. One PTI and two TTCs are providing support to primary education at Satkhira. Literacy rate in Satkhira is 52.1% for male and 48% for femal.

Drop rate for primary education is 13.79% while 179 teachers’ positions are vacant. According a UNICEF supported project baseline survey at Ashshuni and Shymanagor Upazilas there were 13,000 out of school children in the year 2013.

Basic data on Education in Satkhira: Subject/Indicator Status Subject/Indicator Status /Number /Num ber Children 0-4 years 177504 Institutions Children 5-9 Years 224830 Primary School (Gov’t) 625

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Children 10-14 Years 226623 Primary School (Non Gov’t)/ 442 Reg Children 15-19 Years 184584 Community, NGO other 297 primary Vacant teacher in Gov’t Pri 95 Primary Training Institute 1 school Vacant teacher in RegPri 81 TTC 2 school Female teacher in Gov’t and 64% Madrasha (Ebtadia) 266 Reg Children enrolled in kind of 99.85% University 1 Primary (including Madrasha) Girls enrolled in all kind of 99.30 % College (gov’t) 4 Primary (including Madrasha) Children drop out at primary 13.79 % College (Reg/ non gov’t) 58 Girls children drop out at 8.86 % Secondary School (Gov’t) 4 Primary PPE Class ongoing 1049 Secondary School (Non Gov’t) 292 Children enrolled in PPE 35485 Literacy rate M- 52.1; F- 48.2 Source: BBS 2011, DPEO Office monitoring data base

Equity Profile of Education

Pre-Primary Education Primary Education 120 120

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0

Challenges of education Sector . Access to educational services is a challenge in the remote areas of the district. Some of the areas are very much vulnerable due to geographical location.

. Number of out of school children is also one of the concern for the district.

. PPE service is still out of reach to some of the areas of the district.

. Quality of education is very much law in this area.

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. There are lack of coordination among education service providing organizations.

2.2 WASH: The WASH programme (2013-2016) builds on the lessons learned from the previous phase of Sanitation, Hygiene Education and Water Supply Project in Bangladesh (SHEWA-B) and the Environmental Sanitation Hygiene and Water Supply in Rural Area Project (ESHRWA). Through these phases a social model was developed based on pro- poor community action planning to establish social change for safe and sustainable WASH. Empowered people thus make their communities open-defecation free, identify and select water technologies to improve their water supply and to practice improve hygiene behaviour. The model, with community, school and mass media components, rural and urban, triggers social change for WASH

The specific objectives are:  Improved standards of hygiene behavior i. e hand washing with soap before eating food and after defecation on a sustainable basis particularly among the poor;  Improved access to improved sanitation by all households and reduction/zero open defecation in programme intervention areas by 2016  End exposure of poor and affected communities to high level of arsenic contamination in drinking water;  Increased access of poor and unserved communities to safe water throughout the year in saline and deep water table areas;  Strengthened capacity of the local government institutions (LGIs) to provide sustainable water supply, sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion to rural and urban population and to take appropriate measures to ensure safety of drinking water  Adequate/increased operation and maintenance services/ capability to meet the needs of a changing sector.

Basic information on water and sanitation Indicator Description Satkhira Dist (%) Use of improved Percentage of household members using 90.2 drinking water improved sources of drinking water. sources Use of improved Percentage of household members using 63.6 sanitation improved sanitation facilities which are not shared. Safe disposal of Percentage of children age 0-2 years whose 49.8 child’s faeces last stools were disposed of safely. Place of hand Percentage of households with a specific 98.8 washing. place for hand washing where water and soap or other cleaning agent are present. Availability of soap Percentage of households with soap or other 94.9 or other cleaning cleaning agent. agent. 9 | P a g e

Source: MICS, 2012-2013

Equity Profile

Water Sanitation 100 120 80 100 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0

UNICEF supported WASH programs in Satkhira: Action Research on Managed Aquifer 26 sites in 03Upazillas, working with 02 PNGOs Recharge (MAR) (Shushilon and Practical action-Bangladesh)

School Led Total sanitation (SLTS) 81 schools (GPS, High school and Madrasa) of 04 Unions of Ashashuni upazila. (PNGO-Oxfam)

Action Research on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), AWP with University • Community mobilization by 07 selected PNGO. • Renovation of existing 20 MAR sites. • Construction of new 80 new MAR sites. • Abstraction management and data collection. Action research, testing and upscaling of recharge and storage of fresh water in the saline portions of the coastal plain for rural water supply. This method has various names internationally including Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) as used here, as well as groundwater buffering, and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). Purpose: To provide potable water for rural communities in areas in without any fresh water resources in the dry season Duration: 10 months, Area: 03 UNDAF districts, Partner: DU, DPHE and Acacia

The main objectives of MAR: • To complete the construction of 100 MAR schemes to provide 20,000- 25,000 people in the Khulna region with fresh water in 2014 • To develop a plan for sustainable upscaling (technical, social, financial, operational) of the schemes in the 3 Districts which have a total population of 0,5-1 million Expected outcome • 20 schemes tested during a full hydrologic year • 80 new schemes constructed and handed over (15,000 people) and 1200 children of 5 schools will have access to safe water. 10 | P a g e

• A minimum of 5, and maximum of 10, NGO’s trained in siting, construction and O&M of the schemes • Water User Groups (including women) established at 75 sites and members trained to operate and manage the schemes; • Five School Management Committees (SMC's) trained to manage school systems.

School Led Total Sanitation approach (SLTS), PCA with Oxfam-UK Period: 01 November 2013 to 31 December 2014 (14 months in total) comprising 9 months active duration and 5 months observation.

Partners: Oxfam with Bachteshekha. Location: 81 primary and secondary schools in Sathkira. These schools will be divided between primary (80%) and secondary (20%) and will account for 40% of the total number of schools for the Dutch project.

Purpose: To increase the utilisation of improved water, sanitation and hygiene facilities and practice of key WASH behaviours using schools as entry points into the communities, through the School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS) Approach.

Key approach:  Conduct a baseline of the WASH conditions in the schools  Construct new water points and rehabilitate existing water points in the schools  Connect existing water points to latrine blocks in the schools (where necessary)  Construct new WASH latrine blocks and rehabilitate WASH latrine blocks in the schools.  Expected Outcomes:  Baseline of WASH facilities and practice conducted in the schools  Improved access to WASH facilities and group hand washing facilities installed in the schools  Improved practice of key hygienic behaviours in schools and surrounding communities by school children and their families  Strengthened School Management Committee with dedicated budget and allocated roles for operation and maintenance of the facilities  Stronger connection between the school and the surrounding community  Existing water points connected to latrine blocks in the schools (where necessary) Beneficiaries:  All students from 81 primary and secondary schools  81 School Management Committees and School communities around the School.

Challenges of WASH sector  Ensure safe water in saline and arsenic prone areas.  Ensuring equity for allocation of safe water option in costal belt areas.  Spend 20% union’s ADP fund for WASH.  Establish good WASH practices and ODF status in Disaster prone areas.  Water point’s site selection and collecting DTWs contribution money by the LGIs.

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2.3 Child Protection Basic data on Child Protection

Child Protection Indicators % Source Birth registration by 5 years of age 35.1 MICS, 2012-1013 Women married before 15 34.0 MICS, 2012-1013 Women married before 18 74.0 MICS, 2012-1013 Girls (15-19) currently married 43.2 MICS, 2012-1013 Children <18 living with neither biological 4.2 MICS, 2012-1013 parents Children <18 with one or both parents dead 3.8 MICS, 2012-1013 Children age 1-14 years who experienced 86.4 MICS, 2012-1013 psychological aggression or physical punishment during the last one month Women age 15-49 years who are in a 5.6 MICS, 2012-1013 polygamous union Young women who are married or in union 25.8 MICS, 2012-1013 and whose spouse is 10 or more years older among women age 15-19 years Young women who are married or in union 15.5 MICS, 2012-1013 and whose spouse is 10 or more years older among women age 20-24 years Children 0-17 years with at least one 1.4 MICS, 2012-1013 biological parent living abroad Children aged 6-14 years not attending 2 MICS 2009 school and engaging in work Children (0-18 years) suffered some form of 6.5 MICS, 2006 injury out of which 1.3% is road accident and 1% children drowned Children aged 5-18 can’t swim 20.6 MICS, 2006

Birth Registration MiCS 2012 shows that 35.1% children’s (less than 5 years) birth is registered in Satkhira District. Online Birth Registration Information System (BRIS) was rolled-out in all the unions of Satkhira district in 2010. Some of the Paurashava and Union Parishads are yet to complete the data entry and start the full automation of birth registration.

Child marriage 74.0% of girls are married before age of 18 in Satkhira District, whereas 35.1% of girls are married off before the age of 15 (MICS 2012). Though marriage registration for Muslims is mandatory by law and Kazi (Marriage registrar) is supposed to check the birth certificates as a proof of age. Parents can still get fake birth

Child Trafficking Six districts of Khulna Division is sharing international borders with India, which put the women and children of this area more susceptible to trafficking. The border areas of , Satkhira, and Jhenidah are frequently used as land routes for traffickingRout for entering India through Kolkata, the

12 | P a g e two most common routes are the Benapol border in Jessore from where almost 50% and Satkhira 35% of the trafficking takes place.

Trafficking routs in Satkhira District: District in Transit Trafficking route or First transit point in Bangladesh upazila last transit point India Satkhira Kalaroa Hijaldi Hakimpur Damdam Gunnaspur Bhadli Panchpota Chanduria Bhitnari Madra, Sultanpur Kaliganj Bhomra Ghozadanga Itendia Shymnagar Bhomra Ghozadanga Itendia Debhata Bhomra Bashirhat

Monitoring or Results for Equity System (MoRES) for Child Protection

Equity Profile - Life Skills Based Education

18 16.45 15.56 16 14 12 10 8.15 8 6.96 6.5 6 4 2 0 Satkhira

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Availability: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years for whom adolescent club space is available

Accessibility: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who are able to reach an adolescent club within 30 minutes

Utilization: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who attend one LSBE session at adolescent club

Adequate Coverage: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who complete Appropriate LSBE course at adolescent club

Effective Coverage: Proportion of adolescent girls and boys aged 15-19 years who completed Appropriate LSBE course and are not married before the age of 18

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Equity Profile - Birth Registration within 45 days 120 100 100

80 63.35 60

40

20 14.5 7.11 2.57 0 Satkhira

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Availability: Proportion of birth registration units connected with BRIS, equipped with computers, printers and forms and operated by trained personnel

Accessibility: Proportion of parents of children under the age of one who know where and how or who can help them reporting birth and obtaining birth registration certificate

Utilization: Proportion of parents of children under the age of one who submitted an application for birth registration and birth registration certificate for their children

Adequate Coverage: Proportion of children under the age of one who are registered in BRIS and provided with birth registration certificate

Effective Coverage:Proportion of children under the age of one who are registered in BRIS and provided with birth registration certificate within 45 days of their birth

Challenges of Child Protection Sector:  Children act 2013 not implemented by all stakeholders.  Lack of human resource in DSS, MoWCA and BSA

2.4 Health Basic data on Health in Satkhira: Indicator Status *Data Source Under Five Mortality 32 per thousand live births 2 Infant Mortality 31 per thousand live births 2 Neonatal Mortality 21 per thousand live births 2 Maternal Mortality 64 per 100,000 live births 4 (Khulna divisional value) Delivery by SBA 36.7% 2 Delivery at Facility 33.7% 2 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 1.8 2 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 57% 2 (CPR) Fully Vaccination Coverage (FVC) 87% 5

 Health Facilities: Facility Number *Data Source District Hospital 1 3

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MCWC (Maternal and Child Welfare Center) 2 3 UHC (Upazila Health Complex) 6 3 UH&FWC (Union Health & Family Welfare Center) 65 3 CC (Community Clinic) 210 3

 *Data Source:  1. Census-2011 2. Bangladesh District Level Socio-demographic and Health Care Utilization Indicators-2011 3. Divisional Director's Office-Khulna (Health and Family Planning) 4. BMMS-2010 5. EPI Coverage Evaluation Survey-2013 UNICEF supported Health projects in Satkhira:

Project Location

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) All upazilla of Satkhira district

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness All upazilla of Satkhira district (IMCI)

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)  As a nation-wide programme to reduce child and maternal mortality and morbidity, UNICEF is supporting Govt. of Bangladesh since 1979. Initially, the programme covered vaccination against six major infectious diseases, later vaccines for three more diseases were included. The diseases are: 1.Tuberculosis, 2. Diphtheria, 3. Whooping Cough, 4. Tetanus, 5. Hepatitis-B, 6. HeamophilusInfuenza- B, 7. Poliomyelitis, 8. Measles and 9. Rubella.

 The vaccines are: 1. BCG, 2. Pentavalent vaccine, 3. OPV, 4. Measles-Rubella (MR), 5. Measles and 6. Tetanus Toxoid (TT)

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI):  To reduce under five mortality and to prevent child hood malnutrition, UNICEF is supporting the Govt. in setting up of IMCI and Nutrition Corners at all Upazilla Health Complexes and District Hospital of Satkhira.

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Equity Profile - Fully Vaccinated Children (Health) 120 100 100 100 100 100 87 80 Satkhira

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

Equity Profile - CCM for Pneumonia 150 100 90 100 74 48 48 50 0 Satkhira

Availability Accessibility Utilization Adequate Effective

2.5 Nutrition:

Nutrition Indicators % District 34.01 Stunting Coastal 383 Belt2 District 12.11 Wasting Coastal 103 Belt2 District 261 Underweight Coastal 323 Belt2 Prevalence of Low Birth Weight 29.51 Prevalence of anemia in children 6-59 months 54.24 Prevalence of anemia in women 15-49 years (ever married 37.44 women) Early Initiation of breastfeeding within first District 46.61 hour after birth Coastal 543 Belt2

1 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2012-2013 2 Coastal Belt Upazilas: Batiaghata, Dumuria, Paikgacha, Dacope and Koyra 3 State of Food Security and Nutrition in Bangladesh-2012, FSNSP Food Security Surveillance Project 4 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 16 | P a g e

Exclusive breastfeeding for children up to 6 District 62.91 months Coastal 503 Belt2 Minimum dietary diversity for children 6-23 Division 31.44 months Coastal 343 Belt2 Minimum acceptable diet for children 6-23 Division 364 months Coastal 293 Belt2 Caregivers with appropriate hand washing Division 164 behavior Coastal 123 Belt2 Vitamin A supplementation coverage (6- 59 months) 995 Vitamin A supplementation coverage (12- 59 months) 995 Deworming coverage of children 24-59 months 986 Pregnant women who took IFA during Division 304 pregnancy Coastal 313 Belt2 Diarrhea treatment with ORT and zinc (children 0-59 22.24 months) Adolescent girls (10-18 years) who are National 433 underweight by BMI Inadequate dietary diversity Division 374 consumptionamong women Coastal 393 Belt2 Pregnant women who are undernourished (by Division 184 MUAC) Coastal 263 Belt2 Children 6-59 months screened for their nutritional status 17107 (Number) Estimated caseload of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) 79588 among children U5 (Number) Children U5 screened as SAM 1.99 Children U5 with SAM who are admitted and treated (in- 1.610 patient)

The overall prevalence of stunting (low height for age) and underweight (low weight for age) of children 6 to 59 months in Satkhira district are lesser than the national and divisional prevalence. And wasting (low weight for height) prevalence in Satkhira is higher than the national or divisional prevalence. Still based on the WHO classification, all of these are within the serious category (in between critical and poor) of public health significance. Due to high prevalence of wasting (which

5District NVAC administrative report- April 2014 6District NVAC administrative report-March 2014 7 1650 U5 children screened by IHABI project+ 60 (estimated) U5 children by Shyamnagar UHC + Satkhira Sadar Hospital in last quarter (Apr-Jun, 2014) 8 Caseload= 218632 (# 6-59 month children)*1.7%(Prevalence)*2.6(Need=1+{time period/7.5}) 9%Calculation: No. of U-5 children screened as SAM in last quarter/ (Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) caseload of U-5 years aged children/4) 10%Calculation: U-5 SAM children admitted or treated in last quarter/ (Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) caseload of U-5 years aged children/4)}

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refers to acute malnutrition) in Satkhira, food insecurity, disease condition (specially, diarrhoea and malaria) and maternal malnutrition need to be addressed properly.

The bottleneck analysis of different 12 Direct Nutrition Intervention (DNI)s showed that availability and accessibility coverage [except DNI 12: Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)] for all of the DNIs are good.

Satkhira 120%

100% 99% 99%

80%

62% 60% 58%

40% 40% 35% 27% 22% 20% 18% 18% 18% 5% 0% Availability Accessibility Utilisation Adequate Target Effective

1. Despite of being very essential/basic human need, Nutrition has not well understood by the community as well as service providers and relevant stakeholders. 2. Duplication of the work by various stakeholders due to lack of information sharing and proper coordination 3. Inadequate skilled HR, infrastructure, job aids, logistics for Nutrition mainstreaming 4. Multi-sectoral coordination, planning and monitoring at district and sub-district levels (models) 5. Low level of community mobilization on Nutrition issues 6. IFA is available in sufficient amount in community level but intake is very low due to lack of awareness on full course IFA intake and its benefits 7. Establishment and functionalize of SAM unit at all level facilities 8. Supervision and monitoring from local level 9. Operationalization of integrated nutrition information management (availability, timeliness, quality) and expansion to other health structures (ex. UHC, FWC) 10. Coordination between DGHS and DGFP on nutrition at all levels

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2.6 Field Operation Section: Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) ProgrammeDecentralization, capacity building and empowerment of local government bodies and institutions from ward level to national level is the prime objective of this project. Under this project routine mechanism for bottom up planning starting from the ward level and accumulated up to the national level is being standardized, institutionalised and exemplified by evidence through technical, human resource and monetary support End result of this project is all round development of communities across sectors at their own planning, resources and initiative. It has routine coordination platform from ward level to the national level bridging critical analysis of the ground reality. 2.6.1 Emergency Emergency Indicators (Hazard, likelihood and damage analysis) A Key information Hazards Likeliho Extent of r od causality and e damage a S Population- Cyclone High Huge a 1512484(M-758387 Tsunami High Huge t F-754097), Water logging Very Very low k Households- 469890, Flood low Very low h Area-3817.92 sq.km, Salinity Very Low i Upazilas-7, Union-79, Climate change low Very slow r Village- 1436 and Earthquake Low Low a Municipalities- 2 High Low

3.6.2 Status of disaster preparedness and risk reduction  Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) is the largest programme being operated in three upazila (Ashasuni, Shyamnagar and Kaligonj) of this district. They have trained and experience volunteers even at the ward level. This programme became weak now due to lack of logistics and vacant position of Assistant director from long time  UNDP (CDMP), Rupantar, World vision, Muslim Aid, Caritas, some local NGOs and UNICEF is working in this sector but there is duplication of work in terms of union preparedness and response plan prepare, committee formation, training, selection of issues and messages. It also creates  .

Challenges in emergency sector  Most importantly the partially damages and unprotected dyke along the coast. This dyke was damaged during the devastating cyclone SIDR 2007 and Ayla 2008.  Disaster Management Committees has been formed from union to district level but these mechanism not fully functional and empowered.  Volunteer lists at various levels are not updated regularly. New volunteers are not getting training. Most cases they are short of logistics like hand mikes.

3.0 Overall Challenges for development: Satkhira is a most important districts in Bangladesh for development work. Its geographic and demographic diversities and location made it vulnerable as result people of this area are behind in almost all the areas of development. A good number of UN, international and national NGOs are working in various location of the district dealing with various issues but there are many challenges still ahead. Few of these challenges are-

 Lack of coordination: Despite the fact that many organizations are working, there is lack of cooperation and coordination among them. As a result duplication of work, unserved/ underserved sectors and overlooked geographic locations.

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 Silo attitude: In some cases some organizations do not want to share information which hinders overall development trend and increase duplication of work and effort.  Low awareness level: Overall awareness level of mass population is considerably low. Most of them thinks infrastructural development as avenues for development being ignorant and negligent about most of the human development indicators

4.0 Conclusion Satkhira is situated at the fringe of the with the plentiful boundaries of Sundarban. Many organisations have concentrated their effort and resources in the district yet a long way to go. There are many programmatic, social, economic, demographic, political, administrative challenges, and unfortunately only some of them are being addressed. Coordinated effort, integrated plan, resource mobilization & leveraging and community participation as a whole are not only keys but also a must for desired all round development of the district.

5.0 Other Important Information

5.1 Summary of UNICEF interventions in Satkhira # Sector Coverage Implementing partner Education PEDP-III All Upazilla Education in Emergency District Child Friendly School Ashasuni and Shyamnagar PPE implemented by BRAC Sadar, Ashasuni, Shyamnagar ABL implemented by JCF Ashasuni, Shyamnagar Child Protection Birth Registration District Local Government Division (LGD) Child Sensitive Social District Department of Protection in Bangladesh Social Services (CSPB), UNDAF District (DSS) Enabling Environment for District Ministry of Child Rights (EECR),UNDAF Women Children District Affairs (MoWCA) Child Protection in Emergency District Ministry of Sub-Cluster,UNDAF District Women Children Affairs (MoWCA) Capacity Building for Police, District Ministry of Home UNDAF District Affairs

WASH Action Research on Managed 26 sites in Aquifer Recharge (MAR) 03Upazillas, working with 03 PNGOs School Led Total Sanitation Ashasuni (SLTS) Health Joint GoB-UN Maternal and All upazilla Neonatal Health Initiative (MNHI) Expanded Programme on All upazilla

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# Sector Coverage Implementing partner Immunization (EPI) Integrated Management of All upazilla Childhood Illness (IMCI) Nutrition National Vitamin A Plus All upazilas, , MOHFW campaign IMCI nutrition corner All upazilas MOHFW

C4D Communication through mobile DMC-MOI film shows Communication for Ashasuni, development implemented by Shyamnagar and Rupantar kaligonj LCBCE Field Operation Section: Local All union of Mongla District and Capacity Building and and Community Empowerment upazila administration and (LCBCE) programme UP through Convergence Coordination Committee Ensure Coordination and All union of Mongla District and Convergence through and Sarankhola Upazila Functionalization of CCCs upazila administration and UP representative Strengthen Capacity and All union of Mongla All Convergence provide technical support to and Sarankhola Coordination partners on bottom-up planning upazila Committees-CCC and NILG Emergency Preparedness All union of Mongla All CCCs and through reactivation of DMCs, and Sarankhola DMCs different day observance, NGO upazila mapping, develop union and upazila response plan 5.2 Upazila wise name of unions:

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