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Sathkhira District Equity Profile- Satkhira

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SATHKHIRA DISTRICT EQUITY PROFILE- SATKHIRA November 2014 Local Capacity Building and Community Empowerment (LCBCE) Programme. Supported by: UNICEF Satkhira District Map 2 | P a g e 1.0 Overview of the district 1.1 Background,Area and location Satkhira is a district in south-western Bangladesh and is part of Khulna Division. It was originally a sub-division of Khulna which was upgraded to a district on the 3rd February, 1984. Nothing is definitely known about the origin of name of the district. There is a popular belief that Bishu Ram, a Dewan of the Moharaja Krishna Chandra of Nadia (now in India), rehabilitated seven aristocrat Brahmins in seven (meaning sath in Bengali) separate house (meaning Ghar in Bengali), in consequence of which the area took its name as Sathgharia. Subsequently it was renamed as Satkhira when the British administration upgraded it to a sub-division in 1861. It is bounded on the north by Jessoredistrict, on the east by Khulna district, on the south by Bay of Bengal and on the west by India. Salinity intrusion, coastal flood, cyclone etc are the major hazards for Satkhira. Most of the people at Satkhira engage in agriculture, fishing, and shirmp farming. The annual average maximum temperature reaches 35.5°C (95.9°F); and minimum temperature is 12.5°C (54.5°F). The annual rainfall is 1710 mm (67 in). The soil of the district is alluvial floodplain and fertility capacity is high. The main rivers are the Morichap, Kholpota, Betna, Rainmangal, Hariabhanga, Ichamoti, Betrabati and KalindiJamuna. Part of Sundarban, the largest mangrove forest of the world also situated in Sathkira. About 1632.00 km areas of Satkhira district is under forest. 1.2 Basic Data Indicator Number Total Area 3817.29 Square km Total population Total: 1512484 Male: 758387 Female: 754097 Number of Upazilla 7 Number of Union 79 Number of Vilalge 1436 Number of Thana 8 thana (police station) Number of municipality/pourashava 2 (Satkhira and Kalaroa) Under 5 population Total: 132440 0- 5 months:13460 6-23 months: 34385 6- 59 months: 121977 Female adolescent 13-19 yrs.: 120999 Pregnant and lactating women Pregnant women: 27043 Lactating women: 71891 1.3 Population and Demography Sathkhira is one of the populas district of the country with annual growth rate of 0.62. About 90 percent of the total population living in rural areas with slighly increaseing trend in urbanization. Table: Upazila wise households, population and literacy 3 | P a g e Upazill A House Population Literacy (%) a re holds a Numb Aver T M Fe T M F (a er age ot al m o a e cr Size al e al t l m e) of e a e al Hous l e ehol d Assasu 92 62037 4.33 2 13 13 5 5 4 ni 61 6 39 47 0 5 5 8 8 90 64 7 5 4 Debhat 42 29813 4.20 1 62 62 5 5 5 a 80 2 42 92 5 9 1 2 5 9 9 3 5 8 Kalaro 57 59222 4.01 2 11 12 5 5 4 a 18 3 68 11 1 4 8 7 7 11 81 9 9 2 Kaliga 82 64909 4.22 2 13 13 5 5 4 nj 48 7 60 88 2 5 8 1 4 89 00 8 8 9 Sadar 98 10910 4.19 4 23 23 5 6 5 49 5 6 06 02 7 0 3 0 0 28 64 8 9 2 Shyam 48 72279 4.40 3 15 16 4 5 4 nagar 63 1 34 48 9 4 4 60 8 41 13 2 5 4 Tala 83 72404 4.13 2 14 15 5 5 4 33 9 93 04 1 5 7 4 9 89 31 8 2 0 Source: National Census 2011 4 | P a g e There are sevenupazilla in Sathkhira, Shyamnagar is the largest and Debhata is the smallest in terms of geographical areas. Average household size is surprisingly almost equal in all the upazillas. Sadarupazilla has the highest literacy rate whereas Kalaroa and Tala have equal percentage. 1.4 Climate The average temperature for the year in Satkhira is 77.0°F (25°C). The warmest month, on average, is May with an average temperature of 86.0°F (30°C). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 66.0°F (18.9°C). Y J F M A M J J A S O N D Mont e a e a p a u u u e c o e h a n b r r y n l g p t v c r 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 0. Avera 5 8 9 3 4 4 3 1 1 2 1 6 6 ge ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( high ( ( ( 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 7 8 °C 7 8 8 1 3 3 1 7 7 9 7 8 6. (°F) 7 2 4 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 6 ) ) ) ) 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 5 8 1 Avera 0 4 5 6 6 5 5 3 3 ( ge low ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 6 °C 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 6 9. (°F) 8 5 7 8 8 7 7 3 5 3 9 4 5 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 1, 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 8 3 7 6 3 4 9 5 2 6 4 3 8 Precip 0 1 9 5 5 3 5 7 2 0 ( itation ( ( ( 7 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0 mm 0 1 2 ( 0 5 1 1 1 1 5 ( . (inche . 6 . 1. 3. 2. 0. 1 3 s) 3 2 8 6. 9 7 6 9 8 5 6 ) ) ) ) ) 6 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) The average amount of precipitation for the year in Satkhira is 66.5" (1689.1 mm). The month with the most precipitation on average is July with 13.9" (353.1 mm) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of 0.3" (7.6 mm). In terms of liquid precipitation, there are an average of 98.0 days of rain, with the most rain occurring in July with 19.0 days of rain, and the least rain occurring in December with 1.0 days of rain. 1.5 Economy Most of the peoples of southern part of Satkhira depend on pisciculture locally called gher. Main fruits are mango), Blackberry, Jackfruit, banana, papaya, litchi, coconut and guava. Farms are 86 dairies, 322 poultry farms, 3046 fisheries, 3650 shrimp farms, 66 hatcheries and 1 cattle breeding centre. The main exports are shrimp, paddy, jute, wheat, betel leaf, leather and jute goods. 5 | P a g e The vast majority of family income earned through daily wage employment, one-third of which are unskilled daily labours. In the district as a whole 13% earns through farming and 3% from aquaculture; while 30% main income earners have no education (UN REACH survey 2011). 1.6 Communication Most of the areas of the district are well communicable except some Islands inside the forests. Engine boats are generally used to reach remote Islands on the other hand foot, bicycle and motor bikes are popular for inland hard to reach areas. Some areas with muddy roads become inaccessible only during rainy season. These areas become real hard to reach as they can only be accessed on foot, and it is often difficult. Road Type Earthen(KM) Pavement(KM) Total Length(KM) Upazila Road : 6585.81 29797.33 37334.86 Union Road : 19981.70 22478.31 44202.03 Village Road A: 100645.49 8736.13 111340.87 Village Road B: 86117.94 22291.64 111501.55 Total Roads: 213330.94 83303.41 304379.31 Source: LGED Satkhira 1.6.1 Access to Mass Media and ICT Indicator Description Satkhira Dist (%) Access to mass media Exposure to Percentage of women age 15-49 years who at least 6.2 mass media once a week read a newspaper or magazine, listen to the radio, and watch television Use of information/communication technology Use of Percentage of young women age 15-49 years who 4.7 computers used a computer during the last months Use of internet Percentage of young women age 15-24 years who 1.0 used the internet during the last 12 months Source: MICS 2012-2013 1.7 Sociocultural Scenario Satkhira district relatively a religious sensitive area of Khulna division having higher percentage practices of child marriage and child labour. There are many communities where majority of girls children got married before the age of 15. Children are engaged in hazourdous jobs like in tea stall, fish firm, brick fields and agricultural firms. 1.8 Access to basic services 10% of country’s children lives in Khulna Division of which 24% are either living in households under the 1$ day/person PPP-s threshold or experiencing severe deprivation of human need. 57% children are facing at least one severe deprivation of their basic needs. The coastal belt in Khulna division is prone to cyclones and flooding so it is a pocket of vulnerability, with approximately 3 million extremely poor people living there. These people suffer from a lack of fresh water (salinity problem), lack of income generating options (leading to urban migration), lack of access to basic services (health problems related to salinity), low levels of children attending school, lack of access to social protection 6 | P a g e 1.9Disability: Though there is a lack of reliable data on the total number of disable people in Satkhira district, they are commonly seen almost everywhere in the district.
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