A Study on Problems of Hijras in West Bengal Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps
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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems Volume 5 Article 5 1-1-2014 A Study on Problems of Hijras in West Bengal Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps Kaylan Mondal Surapati Pramanik Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nss_journal Recommended Citation Mondal, Kaylan and Surapati Pramanik. "A Study on Problems of Hijras in West Bengal Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps." Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 5, 1 (2019). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nss_journal/vol5/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Neutrosophic Sets and Systems by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 2014 21 A Study on Problems of Hijras in West Bengal Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps Kalyan Mondal1 and Surapati Pramanik2 ¹Birnagr High School (HS), Birnagar, Ranaghat, District: Nadia, Pin Code: 741127, West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected] ²Department of Mathematics, Nandalal Ghosh B.T. College, Panpur, PO-Narayanpur, and District: North 24 Parganas, Pin Code: 743126, West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This paper deals with the problems faced aspects. Some of the problems namely, absence of social by Hijras in West Bengal in order to find its security, education problem, bad habits, health problem, solutions using neutrosophic cognitive maps. stigma and discrimination, access to information and Florentin Smarandache and Vasantha Kandasamy service problem, violence, Hijra community issues, and studied neutrosophic cognitive map which is an sexual behavior problem are considered in this study. extension of fuzzy cognitive map by incorporating Based on the expert’s opinion and the notion of indeterminacy.Hijras is considered as neither man nor indeterminacy, we formulate neutrosophic cognitive woman in biological point of view. They are in special map. Then we studied the effect of two gender identity (third gender) in Indian society. In their instantaneous state vectors separately on connection daily life, they have to face many of problems in social matrix E and neutrosophic adjacency matrix N(E). Keywords: Fuzzy cognitive map, neutrosophic cognitive maps, indeterminacy, instantaneous state vector, Hijras Introduction become impotent. It is sexual impotence (with women), then, and not sexual relations with men that defines the The Hijra existence is deeply rooted in Indian culture. potential Hijra. Hijras identify themselves as incomplete The great epic Ramayana references a third gender, neither men in the sense that they do not have desires for women male nor female, as individual whom Lord Rama blesses. that other men do. They attribute this lack of desire to a Other Indian religious texts, including the Mahabharata, defective male sexual organ. Hijra role is defined mention the additional examples of male deities adopting biologically as a loss of virility, or as "man minus man". the female form and vice versa. It is important to notice Thus, Indian emic sex and gender categories of Hijra that the ancient stories legitimize the Hijra existence and collapse the tic categories of (born) hermaphrodites and offer ample evidence of the profound spiritual connection eunuch. While ambiguous male genitalia serve as the most with the Hijras. Ancient stories depicts that Hijras like to important culturally defined sign of the Hijra, in practical maintain their feminine identity. As a result, Hijras adhere terms any indication of a loss of masculinity, whether to a strict, institutionalized code of conduct that defines the impotence, effeminate behavior or desire for sexual Hijra value system and way of life. Hijras are transgender relations with men in the receptor role, may be taken as a male-to-female transitioned individuals. Their community sign that one should join the Hijras. does not include the individuals who change their sex from Hijras are important part of our society. The central female to male or male to female. problem of a Hijra is the absence of social security. The The popular understanding of the Hijra as an other day to day problems are mental health, stigma and alternative sex and gender is based on the model of the discrimination, access to information and services, hermaphrodite, a person having both male and female sex violence, Hijra community issues, sexual behavior, and organ. physical health problems. They are working under The linguistic evidence suggests that Hijras are mainly unsecured environment or work culture (short dance to thought of as more female than male. The word Hijra is a take new born baby, clapping, biting dhol, collecting food, masculine noun, most widely translated into English as dresses forcefullyroo, etc. Sometimes they are seen in eunuch or hermaphrodite. Both these words reflect sexual begging in train (local, passenger, express), begging in impotence, which is understood in India to mean a physical buses (local, express, long root ). Some times they are seen defect impairing sexual function. It is widely believed in snatching money bags or other things to protest the India that a man who has continued sexual relations in the misbehavior of the passengers. They experience very receiver role will lose sexual vitality in his genitals and inhumen situation in thier work place because of Kalyan Mondal, Surapati Pramanik, A Study on Problems of Hijras in West Bengal Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps 22 Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 2014 misconception of the common people about the Hijras. On graph with concepts like policies, events etc. as nodes the other hand, Hijras are engaged in an old singing and and causalities or indeterminate as edges. It reflects the dancing culture, acting, film producing, social activities etc. causal relationship between concepts. Let us suppose that Political scientist Robert Axelrod introduced the C1, C2,…, Ck represent k nodes. Also let each node be a concept of cognitive maps (CMs) in 1976. He applied it neutrosophic vector from neutrosophic vector space V. So in political science. Axelrod developed CMs, i.e. signed a node Cj,( j = 1, 2, …, k) can be represented by (x1, x2, digraphs designed to capture the causal assertions of an …, xk) where xi’s are zero or one or I (I represents the individual with respect to a certain domain and then indeterminacy) and xi = 1 means that the node Ci is on state applied them in order to analyze the effects of alternatives, and xi = 0 implies that the node is in the off state and xi = I e.g. policies, business decisions, etc. upon certain goals. A means the node is an indeterminate state at that time or in cognitive map comprises of only two basic types of that situation. Let Cm and Cn denote the two nodes of the elements namely, nodes and edges. Nodes represent NCM. The directed edge from Cm to Cn represents the variable concepts and edges represent causal connections. causality of Cm on Cn called connections. Every edge in the In the field of cognitive maps, the concept of fuzzy set NCM is weighted with a number in the set {-1, 0, 1, I}. Let theory introduced by Zadeh was introduced by B. Kosko in αmn denote the weight of the directed edge CmCn, αmn ∈{–1, 1986[3]. F. Smarandache and Vasantha Kandasamy [15] 0, 1, I}. widely studied neutrosophic cognitive map (NCM) which αmn= 0 if Cm does not have any effect on Cm, is the extension of fuzzy cognitive map by incorporating αmn= 1 if increase (or decrease) in Cm causes increase indeterminacy. Chakrabarti and Pramanik [18] studied the (or decreases) in Cn, αmn= –1 if increase (or decrease) in Cm problems of construction workers in West Bengal based on causes decrease (or increase) in Cn. NCM. The concept of neutrosophic logic plays a vital αmn= I if the relation or effect of Cm on Cn is an role in several real life problems like law, information indeterminate. technology, stocks and share etc. Hijras’ problem in Definition: 2.5 West Bengal is one of the major problems in India. NCMs with edge weight from the set {-1, 0, 1, I} are Nowadays, Hijras have to face many problems in their day called simple NCMs. to day life, although they are important part of our society. Definition: 2.6 Some of the problems are discussed in the present study. Let C1, C2,…, Ck be the nodes of a NCM. Let the The present study was done among 36 Hijras in West neutrosophic matrix N(E) be defined as N(E) =(αmn),where Bengal. Major problems of Hijras are absence of social αmn is the weight of the directed edge CmCn, where αmn security, mental health, stigma and discrimination, ∈{–1, 0, 1, I}. N(E) is called the neutrosophic adjacency access to information and services, violence, regional matrix of the NCM. issues, sexual behavior, and physical health problems. Definition: 2.7 Rest of the paper is presented in the following way. Let C1, C2, …, Ck denote the nodes of the NCM. Section II describes the preliminaries of NCM. Section III Let A = (α 1 ,..., α2 , αk) , where α m ∈{0, 1, I}. A is presents the method of finding hidden pattern. Section IV called the instantaneous state neutrosophic vector and it is devoted to present the modeling the problems of Hijras denotes the on – off – indeterminate state position of the using NCM. Section V presents conclusions and future node at an instant work. α m= 0 if αmis off (no effect) αm= 1 if αmis on (has effect Section II αm= I if αm is indeterminate (effect cannot be determined) for m = 1, 2,…, k. Mathematical preliminaries: Definition: 2.8 Definition: 2.1 Neutrosophic graph: A Neutrosophic Let C1, C2, …, Ck be the nodes of the NCM.