Subaqueous Conglomerates Above Pre-LGM
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Geological Excursion BASE-Line Earth
Geological Excursion BASE-LiNE Earth (Graz Paleozoic, Geopark Karavanke, Austria) 7.6. – 9.6. 2016 Route: 1. Day: Graz Paleozoic in the vicinity of Graz. Devonian Limestone with brachiopods. Bus transfer to Bad Eisenkappel. 2. Day: Visit of Geopark Center in Bad Eisenkappel. Walk on Hochobir (2.139 m) – Triassic carbonates. 3. Day: Bus transfer to Mezica (Slo) – visit of lead and zinc mine (Triassic carbonates). Transfer back to Graz. CONTENT Route: ................................................................................................................................... 1 Graz Paleozoic ...................................................................................................................... 2 Mesozoic of Northern Karavanke .......................................................................................... 6 Linking geology between the Geoparks Carnic and Karavanke Alps across the Periadriatic Line ....................................................................................................................................... 9 I: Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 II. Tectonic subdivision and correlation .............................................................................10 Geodynamic evolution ...................................................................................................16 Alpine history in eight steps ...........................................................................................17 -
Hummocky Karren Lukas Plan1, Christa Renetzeder2, Rudolf Pavuza3, and Wilfred Körner4
International Journal of Speleology 41 (1) 75-81 Tampa, FL (USA) January 2012 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs/ & www.ijs.speleo.it International Journal of Speleology Official Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie A new karren feature: hummocky karren Lukas Plan1, Christa Renetzeder2, Rudolf Pavuza3, and Wilfred Körner4 Abstract: Plan L., Renetzeder C., Pavuza R. and Körner W. 2012. A new karren feature: hummocky karren. International Journal of Speleology, 41(1), 75-81. Tampa, FL (USA). ISSN 0392-6672. http://dx.doi.org/10.5083/1827-806X.41.1.8. Karren are small-scale landforms on karst surfaces and many types have been described so far. Here we present an apparently new feature which was found on the Hochschwab karst massive in the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. So far only few outcrops each having less than 1 m² within a very restricted area have been found. Morphometric analysis reveals that the karren consist of a randomly distributed, dispersed assemblage of small hummocks and depressions in between. The mean distance between neighbouring hummocks is 4 to 5 cm and the mean height is 0.85 cm. Longitudinal sections are gently sinuous. The occurrences are delimited by thin soil cover with grassy vegetation and the karren continue below that vegetation cover. Therefore, it is clear that the features have formed subcutaneously. Corroded fissures where water could infiltrate into the epikarst are absent. The bedrock lithology is Middle Triassic limestone of the Wetterstein Formation in lagoonal facies. Geological structures do not govern the feature. The surface is not a bedding plane and small joints and fractures do not govern the arrangement of the hummocks. -
A New Evaluation of Fluid Inclusion Data Based on Thermal Basin Modeling for the Drau Range, Eastern Alps
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Jahr/Year: 2000 Band/Volume: 93 Autor(en)/Author(s): Rantitsch Gerd Artikel/Article: A new evaluation of fluid inclusion data based on thermal basin modeling for the Drau Range, Eastern Alps. 77-85 © Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft/Austria; download unter www.geol-ges.at/ und www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt. Osterr. Geol. Ges. ISSN 0251-7493 93(2000) 77-85 Wien, Juni 2003 Eastern Alps Drau Range Fluid inclusions Basin modeling A new evaluation of fluid inclusion data based on thermal basin modeling for the Drau Range, Eastern Alps GERD RANTITSCH1 3 Figures and 1 Table Content Abstract 77 Zusammenfassung 77 1. Introduction 79 2. Geological setting 79 3. Fluid inclusion data 79 4. Isochore calculation 82 5. Discussion 82 6. Conclusions 84 7. Acknowledgement 84 References 84 Abstract Published microthermometrical data of fluid inclusions, which were trapped near or subsequent to the time of maximum subsidence of the Drau Range (Eastern Alps) have been used to evaluate the relationship between fluid flow and heat transfer. The evaluation is based on a numerical 1-D heat flow model, calibrated with vitrinite reflectance values. Aqueous fluid inclusions in quartz fissures crosscutting Permo-Scythian sediments and in fluorites hosted by Carnian carbonates give evidence for conductive heat transfer during fluid flow in the Late Cretaceous/Neogene. This implies that trapping temperatures of these fluids (125 °C to 220 °C in quartz, 115 °C to 180 °C in fluorite) can be used to approximate the burial temperatures (190 °C in the Permo-Scythian, 130 °C to 150 °C in the Carnian). -
Mesofauna at the Soil-Scree Interface in a Deep Karst Environment
diversity Article Mesofauna at the Soil-Scree Interface in a Deep Karst Environment Nikola Jureková 1,* , Natália Raschmanová 1 , Dana Miklisová 2 and L’ubomír Kováˇc 1 1 Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, SK-04180 Košice, Slovakia; [email protected] (N.R.); [email protected] (L’.K.) 2 Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, SK-04001 Košice, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The community patterns of Collembola (Hexapoda) were studied at two sites along a microclimatically inversed scree slope in a deep karst valley in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia, in warm and cold periods of the year, respectively. Significantly lower average temperatures in the scree profile were noted at the gorge bottom in both periods, meaning that the site in the lower part of the scree, near the bank of creek, was considerably colder and wetter compared to the warmer and drier site at upper part of the scree slope. Relatively high diversity of Collembola was observed at two fieldwork scree sites, where cold-adapted species, considered climatic relicts, showed considerable abundance. The gorge bottom, with a cold and wet microclimate and high carbon content even in the deeper MSS horizons, provided suitable environmental conditions for numerous psychrophilic and subterranean species. Ecological groups such as trogloxenes and subtroglophiles showed decreasing trends of abundance with depth, in contrast to eutroglophiles and a troglobiont showing an opposite distributional pattern at scree sites in both periods. Our study documented that in terms of soil and Citation: Jureková, N.; subterranean mesofauna, colluvial screes of deep karst gorges represent (1) a transition zone between Raschmanová, N.; Miklisová, D.; the surface and the deep subterranean environment, and (2) important climate change refugia. -
75 the Upper Triassic Events Recorded in Platform and Basin of the Austrian Alps. the Triassic/Jurassic GSSP and Norian/Rhaetian
©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at und www.zobodat.at Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt (ISSN 1017-8880), Band 111, Wien 2015 STRATI 2015 The Upper Triassic events recorded in platform and basin of the Austrian Alps. The Triassic/Jurassic GSSP and Norian/Rhaetian GSSP candidate Sylvain Richoz & Leopold Krystyn 47 figures Sylvain Richoz - Institute of Earth Sciences, Graz University, Heinrichstraße 26, 8010 Graz, Austria, [email protected] Leopold Krystyn - Department for Palaeontology, Vienna University, Geozentrum, Althansstr. 9, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] Contents Abstract 1. Topics and area of the Field Trip 2. Introduction 2.1. The Northern Calcareous Alps 2.2. Principles of the structural evolution 2.3. Triassic depositional realms 2.3.1. General features 2.3.2. The Dachstein Mountains 2.3.3. The Zlambach facies – the deep shelf environment 2.3.4. The Hallstatt facies – the condensed deep shelf environment 2.3.5. The Eiberg Basin 3. The Field Trip 3.1. Shelf margin (Day 1) 3.1.1. Route 3.1.2. Locality 1 – Pötschenhöhe Quarry 3.1.3. Locality 2 – Großer Zlambach 3.1.4. Locality 3 – Steinbergkogel: Proposed Norian/Rhaetian GSSP section 3.1.5. Locality 4 – Gosausee: The Dachstein margin at Gosaukamm 3.2 Lagoon, fringing reef and Eiberg Basin (Day 2) 3.2.1. Route 3.2.2. Locality 5 – Pass Lueg: The classical Lofer cycle 3.2.3. Locality 6 – Adnet 3.2.4. Locality 7 – Steinplatte 3.2.5. Locality 8 – Eiberg 3.3. The Triassic/Jurassic GSSP (Day 3) 3.3.1. -
Age and Evolution of the Wetterstein Carbonate Platform in SW Serbia (Zlatibor Mountain)
Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the gold-bearing mineralizations and their settings. Age and evolution of the Wetterstein Carbonate Platform in SW Serbia (Zlatibor Mountain) Missoni S.1, Sudar M.N.2, Gawlick H.-J.1, Jovanović D.3 and Lein R.4 1University of Leoben, Department for Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Prospection and Applied Sedimentology, Peter-Tunner-Strasse 5, 8700 Leoben, Austria, [email protected]; [email protected] 2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Department of Palaeontology, Đušina 7, P.O. Box 62, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 3Geological Institute of Serbia, Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 4University of Vienna, Centre for Earth Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, [email protected] Triassic shallow- and deep-water carbonates occur together with Triassic radiolarites widespread as olistoliths and slides in the Middle to early Late Jurassic mélange of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt in the Zlatibor Mountain. These slides occur tectonically on top of the Drina-Ivanjica Palaeozoic and the late Middle to early Late Jurassic ophiolitic mélange respectively the ophiolites and not below as interpreted before. These slides were interpreted to derive from the Drina-Ivanjica Unit, where they should have formed the original sedimentary cover, disintegrated in the Late Jurassic. According to our investigations the slides of this carbonate-clastic mélange differ in age, facies and palaeogeographic origin. The carbonate rocks are originated from a relatively broad shelf in the Triassic facing the Neotethys Ocean to the east, maybe also from the adjacent Drina-Ivanjica Unit and from further east. -
Landslides and the Weathering of Granitic Rocks
Geological Society of America Reviews in Engineering Geology, Volume III © 1977 7 Landslides and the weathering of granitic rocks PHILIP B. DURGIN Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California 94701 (stationed at Arcata, California 95521) ABSTRACT decomposition, so they commonly occur as mountainous ero- sional remnants. Nevertheless, granitoids undergo progressive Granitic batholiths around the Pacific Ocean basin provide physical, chemical, and biological weathering that weakens examples of landslide types that characterize progressive stages the rock and prepares it for mass movement. Rainstorms and of weathering. The stages include (1) fresh rock, (2) core- earthquakes then trigger slides at susceptible sites. stones, (3) decomposed granitoid, and (4) saprolite. Fresh The minerals of granitic rock weather according to this granitoid is subject to rockfalls, rockslides, and block glides. sequence: plagioclase feldspar, biotite, potassium feldspar, They are all controlled by factors related to jointing. Smooth muscovite, and quartz. Biotite is a particularly active agent in surfaces of sheeted fresh granite encourage debris avalanches the weathering process of granite. It expands to form hydro- or debris slides in the overlying material. The corestone phase biotite that helps disintegrate the rock into grus (Wahrhaftig, is characterized by unweathered granitic blocks or boulders 1965; Isherwood and Street, 1976). The feldspars break down within decomposed rock. Hazards at this stage are rockfall by hyrolysis and hydration into clays and colloids, which may avalanches and rolling rocks. Decomposed granitoid is rock migrate from the rock. Muscovite and quartz grains weather that has undergone granular disintegration. Its characteristic slowly and usually form the skeleton of saprolite. -
Maternal Defensive Behavior of Mountain Goats Against Predation by Golden Eagles
Western North American Naturalist Volume 69 Number 1 Article 13 4-24-2009 Maternal defensive behavior of mountain goats against predation by Golden Eagles Sandra Hamel Université Laval, Québec, Canada, [email protected] Steeve D. Côté Université Laval, Québec, Canada, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan Recommended Citation Hamel, Sandra and Côté, Steeve D. (2009) "Maternal defensive behavior of mountain goats against predation by Golden Eagles," Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 69 : No. 1 , Article 13. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss1/13 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Western North American Naturalist 69(1), © 2009, pp. 115–118 MATERNAL DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR OF MOUNTAIN GOATS AGAINST PREDATION BY GOLDEN EAGLES Sandra Hamel1,2 and Steeve D. Côté1 ABSTRACT.—Maternal defensive behavior against predators may appear risky but is common in many species. Herein we describe maternal defensive behavior of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) against Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) predatory attempts. We found that Golden Eagles attacked goats in 1.9% of sightings (n = 311 sightings of active Golden Eagles over 12 years) but were never successful. Mothers always defended their young against Golden Eagle attacks. Predation by Golden Eagles on young-of-the-year appears low for most ungulate species, including mountain goats. -
Dasycladaceen-Assoziationen Aus Triadischen Seichtwasserkarbonaten Des Ostabschnittes Der Nördlichen Kalkalpen
Jubiläumsschrift 20 Jahre Geologische Zusammenarbeit A 20 eves magyar-osztrak Österreich - Ungarn földtaniegyüttmüködesjubileumi kötete Redaktion: Harald Lobitzer, GezaCsäszär& Albert Daurer Szerkesztette: Lobitzer Harald, Csäszär Geza & Daurer Albert Teil 2 S. 343-362 Wien, November 1994 2. resz pp.343-362 Bees, 1994. november ISBN 3-900312-92-3 Dasycladaceen-Assoziationen aus triadischen Seichtwasserkarbonaten des Ostabschnittes der Nördlichen Kalkalpen Von OLGA PIROS, GERHARD W. MANDL, RICHARD LEIN, WOLFGANG PAVLIK, ANIKÖ BERCZI-MAKK, MILOS SIBLIK & HARALD LOBITZER*) Mit 4 Abbildungen und 3 Tafeln Österreich Steiermark Niederösterreich Nördliche Kalkalpen Trias Seichtwasserkarbonate Steinalmkalk Wettersteinkalk Waxeneckkalk Dachsteinkalk Dasycladaceen Foraminiferen Brachiopoden Österreichische Karte 1:50.000 Mürzalpendecke Blätter 74, 75, 76, 103, 104, 105 Schneebergdecke Inhalt Zusammenfassung 344 Összefoglaläs 344 Abstract 344 1. Einleitung 344 2. Steinalmkalk (Anis) 345 2.1. Türnitzer Kalkvoralpen 345 2.2. Östliche Kalkhochalpen 345 2.2.1. HoherStudent 345 2.2.2. Fallensteingruppe-Lärchsteinwand 347 2.2.3. Gösing- Dachenstein 348 3. Wetterstein kalk (Ladin bis Unterkam) 348 3.1. Kalkhochalpine Fazies mit Teutloporella herculea 349 3.1.1. Derstratigraphische Rahmen des Rax-und Schneeberggebietes 349 3.1.2. Faziesgliederung und Organismenverteilung der Plattformkarbonate 351 3.1.2.1. Dasycladaceen 351 3.1.2.2. Foraminiferen 351 3.1.2.3. Brachiopoden 352 4. Waxeneckkalk (Kam) 352 5. Dachsteinkalk (Nor-Rhät) 352 Dank 353 Tafeln 1-3 354 Literatur 360 Anschriften der Verfasser: Dr. OLGA PIROS, Ungarische Geologische Landesanstalt, Stefänia üt 14, H-1442 Budapest; Dr. GERHARD W. MANDL, Dr. WOLFGANG PAVLIK, Dr. HARALD LOBITZER, Geologische Bundesanstalt, Rasumofskyg. 23, A-1031 Wien; Univ.-Doz.Dr. RICHARD LEIN, Universität Wien, Geologisches Institut, Universitätsstraße 7/III, A-1010 Wien; Dr. -
The Ice Age in Pennsylvania 13
Educational Series 6 PENNSYLVANIA AND THE ICE AGE An Equal Opportunity/ Affirmative Action Employer Recycled Paper 2200–BK–DCNR3061 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Tom Ridge, Governor DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES John C. Oliver, Secretary OFFICE OF CONSERVATION AND ENGINEERING SERVICES Richard G. Sprenkle, Deputy Secretary BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SURVEY Donald M. Hoskins, Director FRONT COVER: The wooly mammoth—a Pennsylvania resident during the Ice Age (modified from Thomas, D. J., and others, 1987, Pleistocene and Holocene geology of a dynamic coast, Annual Field Conference of Pennsyl- vania Geologists, 52nd, Erie, Pa., Guidebook, front cover). Educational Series 6 Pennsylvania and the Ice Age by W. D. Sevon and Gary M. Fleeger PENNSYLVANIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOURTH SERIES HARRISBURG 1999 When reproducing material from this book, please cite the source as follows: Sevon, W. D., and Fleeger, G. M., 1999, Pennsylvania and the Ice Age (2nd ed.): Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., Educational Series 6, 30 p. Pennsylvania World Wide Web site: www.state.pa.us Department of Conservation and Natural Resources World Wide Web site: www.dcnr.state.pa.us Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey World Wide Web site: www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo Illustrations drafted by John G. Kuchinski First Edition, 1962 Fifth Printing, May 1978 Second Edition, May 1999 PENNSYLVANIA AND THE ICE AGE by W. D. Sevon and Gary M. Fleeger Have you heard the story of the Ice Age, a time when large sheets of moving ice (glaciers) blanketed the northern half of North America? Unbelievable though it may seem, half of our continent was once buried beneath thousands of feet of ice. -
A Botanical Survey of the Goodnews Bay Region, Alaska
A BOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE GOODNEWS BAY REGION, ALASKA Robert Lipkin Alaska Natural Heritage Program ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE 707 A Street, Anchorage, AK 99501 In cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management Anchorage District 6881 Abbott Loop Road, Anchorage, AK 99507 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is a continuation of a cooperative relationship begun in 1990 between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP). We would like to thank Jeff Denton of the Anchorage District, BLM, who was instrumental in initiating this particular project and who has evinced continual interest in the rare plants of the District. Jeff Denton and the Anchorage District provided transportation and all other logistical support of the field work, without which this survey would not have been possible. I would also like to acknowledge and thank the other members of the field team including: Julie Michaelson (AKNHP), Alan Batten (University of Alaska Museum), Virginia Moran (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Alaska Ecological Service), and Debbie Blank of the BLM State Office. Debbie Blank not only participated in the field work, but also in the thankless tasks of specimen sorting and data entry. Alan Batten identified or verified the aquatic collections. Thanks also go to David Murray, Curator Emeritus of the Herbarium of the University of Alaska Museum, for his assistance with identifications of several critical taxa. The collections and literature files at the Herbarium provided invaluable help in completing the plant identifications and in evaluating their significance. June Mcatee of Calista Corporation provided valuable background information on the geology of the region. -
Field Trip 8 Innsbruck´S Geology in a Nutshell: from the Hafelekar to the Hötting Breccia 215-228 Geo.Alp, Vol
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Geo.Alp Jahr/Year: 2016 Band/Volume: 013 Autor(en)/Author(s): Krainer Karl, Meyer Michael Artikel/Article: Field trip 8 Innsbruck´s geology in a nutshell: from the Hafelekar to the Hötting Breccia 215-228 Geo.Alp, Vol. 13 2016 215 - 228 Field trip 8 Innsbruck´s geology in a nutshell: from the Hafelekar to the Hötting Breccia Karl Krainer1 and Michael Meyer1 1 Institute of Geology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck 1 Introduction Alpen, southwest of Innsbruck Stubaier Alpen and north of Innsbruck Karwendel as part of the Hafelekar Spitze provides an excellent panora- Northern Calcareous Alps. mic overview of the main geologic units around The excursion starts at the cable railway station Innsbruck. The city of Innsbruck is located on an Hungerburgbahn next to the Innsbruck Congress alluvial fan which was formed by the Sill river at Centre (Fig. 1). The Hungerburgbahn will bring us its confluence with the Inn river. The mountain onto the Hungerburg terrace (868 m), from there group southeast of Innsbruck is termed Tuxer we continue with a cablecar (Seegrubenbahn ) to Fig. 1: Map showing excursion route to Hafelekar Spitze (Wetterstein Reef Complex) and Hungerburg – Alpenzoo (Hötting Breccia). 215 Figure 1 Seegrube (1905 m) and ascend Hafelekar (2260 m) composed of the famous Höttinger Breccie (see . via a second cablecar. From the top station of the excursion route part 2 – the Hötting Breccia) Hafelekarbahn the excursion route follows the The Valley which extends from Innsbruck to the trail to Hafelekar Spitze and continues East where Brennerpass in the south (Silltal-Wipptal) repre- the trail meets the Goetheweg, one of the most sents a big west-dipping normal fault (Brenner spectacular panoramic trails around Innsbruck.