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Activity 4: Classifying Space

Objective Food Groups and To classify the manifested on the Space Suggested Daily Servings Chart Shuttle or International Space Station food lists into the food groups found in the Food Pyramid Guide. Food Groups Suggested Daily Servings Grain 6 to 11 servings (, , Science Standards Rice, and Pasta) • Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientif- 2 to 4 servings ic inquiry Vegetable 3 to 5 servings • Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Meat 2 to 3 servings Personal health (Meats, Poultry, Fish, Eggs, and Nuts) Dairy 2 to 3 servings Materials Needed (, , Baseline Food and Beverage List and Cheese) (Appendix A) Oil Use sparingly International Space Station Daily Food List ( and Sweets) (Appendix B) USDA Food Guide Pyramid (Appendix G) Procedure Using the Baseline Space Shuttle Food and Beverage List or the International Space Station Daily Menu Food List, Background classify the into the major groups as shown above. The Food Guide Pyramid has been established to help people maintain a diet that is adequate in nutritional value. Maintaining good health in space is important, and Discussion to help do this, a good diet is imperative. Balanced 1. Which foods did you find that can fit into more than of good nutritional food will help ensure that the astro- one food group? nauts will be able to perform their jobs in space. 2. In your opinion, which food group had the better selection of foods? The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has made 3. Why is it important to maintain good health in space? recommendations for a healthy diet. Foods are grouped 4. How does a balanced diet maintain good health? according to the they provide. Many foods, such as corn, are hard to place into a specific group. Sweet corn can be counted as a starchy vegetable, but corn tor- tillas are in the grain group. Dry beans and peas (legumes) can be counted as either a starchy vegetable or a meat.

The following is a web site that can be used to obtain more indepth information about the Food Guide Pyramid and nutrition: http://www.usda.gov/fcs/cnpp/using.htm

Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ • 21 Extensions 2, 3, etc.), (, , , and a 1. Have the class design their own ISS food menu for a possible ), and the six major food groups (grain, 30-day crew rotation or Space Shuttle food menu for a vegetable, fruit, dairy, meat, and oil). Enter the infor- 7-day rotation. Have them analyze how many times a mation from the and determine which meals particular food or item was served and if some are balanced ones by searching for any empty fields in items were served in combination with another (such the food groups. as fish always served with ). Avoid monot- onous or repetitive selection by increasing the variety of food choices. Assessment 2. Using a computer, create a data base file. Design a The students will compare and contrast their findings. data base template that includes fields such as day (1,

22 • Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ Appendix A: Baseline Space Shuttle Food and Beverage List

Abbreviations Chicken, Teriyaki (R) A/S Artificial Sweetener (B) Beverage , (FF) Fresh Food Butter (NF) (IM) Intermediate Moisture Shortbread (NF) (I) Irradiated (NF) Natural Form Crackers, Butter (NF) (R) Rehydratable (T) Thermostabilized Eggs, Beef w/BBQ Sauce (T) Scrambled (R) Beef, Dried (IM) Mexican Scrambled (R) Beef Patty (R) Seasoned Scrambled (R) Beef Steak (I) Beef Stroganoff w/Noodles (R) Frankfurters (T) Beef, Sweet n Sour (T) Beef Tips w/Mushrooms (T) Fruit, , (FF) Bread (FF) Apple, (FF) Applesauce (T) Breakfast Roll (FF) Apricots, Dried (IM) Banana (FF) Brownies (NF) (T) (FF) Candy, (R) Coated (NF) , Diced (T) Coated Peanuts (NF) Peaches, Dried (IM) Gum (NF) , Diced (T) Life Savers (NF) Pears, Dried (IM) Pineapple (T) Cereal, Strawberries (R) Bran Chex (R) Trail Mix (IM) Cornflakes (R) (R) Granola (NF) Granola w/Blueberries (R) Granola w/Raisins (R) Ham (T) Grits w/Butter (R) Ham Salad Spread (T) Oatmeal w/Brown (R) Oatmeal w/Raisins (R) Jelly, Rice Krispies (R) Apple (T) (T) Cheddar Cheese Spread (T) Macaroni and Cheese (R) Chicken, Chicken, Grilled (T) Noodles and Chicken (R) Chicken Salad Spread (T) Chicken, Sweet n Sour (R)

34 • Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ Nuts, Green Beans/Mushrooms (R) Almonds (NF) Italian (R) Cashews (NF) Spinach, Creamed (R) Macadamia (NF) Tomatoes and Eggplant (T) Peanuts (NF) Trail Mix (IM) Beverages (B) Peanut Butter (T) Apple

Potatoes au Gratin (R) Cherry Drink w/A/S

Puddings, Cocoa Banana (T) Butterscotch (T) , (T) Black Tapioca (T) w/A/S Vanilla (T) w/ w/Cream and A/S Rice and Chicken (R) w/Cream and Sugar w/Sugar Rice Pilaf (R) Coffee (Decaffeinated), Black Salmon (T) w/A/S w/Cream Patty (R) w/Cream and A/S w/Cream and Sugar Shrimp Cocktail (R) w/Sugar Coffee (Kona), , Black Chicken Consomme (B) w/A/S Mushroom (R) w/Cream w/Cream and A/S Rice and Chicken (R) w/Cream and Sugar w/Sugar

Spaghetti w/Meat Sauce (R) Grape Drink Grape Drink w/A/S Tortillas (FF) Grapefruit Drink Tuna, Tuna (T) , Tuna Salad Spread (T) Chocolate Strawberry Vanilla Turkey, Turkey Salad Spread (T) Turkey, Smoked (I) Lemonade w/A/S Turkey Tetrazzini¤ -Lime Drink Vegetables, Asparagus (R) Broccoli au Gratin (R) Orange Drink w/A/S Sticks (FF) Orange-Grapefruit Drink Cauliflower w/Cheese (R) Orange Sticks (FF) Orange-Mango Drink Orange-Pineapple Drink Green Beans and Broccoli (R)

Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ • 35 Peach-Apricot Drink Tropical Tropical Punch w/A/S Pineapple Drink

Strawberry Drink Condiments

Tea, Catsup (T) Plain Mayonnaise (T) w/A/S Mustard (T) w/Cream Pepper () w/Lemon Salt (Liquid) w/Lemon & A/S Tabasco Sauce (T) w/Lemon & Sugar w/Sugar Taco Sauce (T)

36 • Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ Appendix B: International Space Station Daily Menu Food List

Refrigerated Chicken, pot pie Chicken, stir fried with diced red pepper Dairy Chicken, teriyaki with spring vegetables Duck, roasted Cheese , porcupine (turkey) Cheese slices Cream cheese Pork: Sour cream Yogurt, fruit Bacon Bacon, Canadian Ham, baked with candied yams Pork, chop, baked with potatoes au gratin Apple Pork, sausage, patties Grapefruit Pork, sweet and sour with rice Kiwi Orange Seafood: Plum Fish, baked Fish, grilled Frozen Fish, saut ed Lobster, broiled tails Meat and Eggs Scallops, baked Seafood, gumbo with rice Beef: Shrimp, cocktail Tuna, noodle casserole Beef, brisket, BBQ Beef, enchilada with spanish rice Eggs: Beef, fajita Beef, patty Egg, omelet, cheese Beef, sirloin tips with mushrooms Egg, omelet, vegetable Beef, steak, bourbon Egg, omelet, ham Beef, steak, teriyaki Egg, omelet, sausage Beef, stir fried with onion Egg, omelet vegetable and ham Beef, stroganoff with noodles Egg, omelet, vegetable and sausage Luncheon meat Eggs, scrambled with bacon, hash browns sausage Meatloaf with mashed potatoes and Quiche, vegetable Quiche, lorraine Lamb: Pasta : Lamb, broiled Lasagna, vegetable with sauce Poultry: Noodles, stir fry Spaghetti with meat sauce Chicken, baked Spaghetti with tomato sauce Chicken, enchilada with spanish rice Tortellini with tomato sauce, cheese Chicken, fajita Chicken, grilled Chicken, fried

Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ • 37 Other: Rice:

Egg rolls Fried Enchilada, cheese with Spanish rice Mexican/Spanish Pizza, cheese White Pizza, meat Pizza, vegetable Starchy Vegetables Pizza, supreme Corn, whole kernel Fruit Potato, baked Potatoes, escalloped , escalloped Potatoes, oven fried Peaches, sliced with bananas, blueberries Potatoes, mashed Peaches with bananas, , strawberries Yams, candied Strawberries, sliced Succotash corn casserole Soups Vegetables Beef, stew Broccoli, cream of Asparagus tips Chicken, cream of Beans, green Chicken noodle Beans, green with mushrooms Mushroom, cream of Broccoli au gratin Won ton Broccoli Carrot coins Grains Cauliflower au gratin Chinese vegetables, stir fry Mushrooms, Okra, fried Cornbread Peas Dinner roll Peas with Squash, acorn with and cinnamon bun, /white Zucchini, spears, fried , wheat/white Tortilla

Breakfast items: Cakes:

Cinnamon roll Angel food cake Brownie, chocolate Pancakes, buttermilk Chocolate fudge Pancakes, apple cinnamon Shortcake Yellow cake with chocolate frosting

Pasta: Dairy:

Fettuccine alfredo , chocolate Macaroni and cheese Ice cream, strawberry Spaghetti Ice cream, vanilla Yogurt, frozen

38 • Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ Pies and Pastry: Soups

Cheesecake, chocolate Chili Cheesecake, plain Clam chowder , peach Egg drop Pie, apple Miso, Japanese Pie, coconut cream Vegetable Pie, pecan Pie, pumpkin Desserts

Beverages Pudding, butterscotch Pudding, chocolate Pudding lemon Grape juice Pudding, tapioca Pudding, vanilla Lemonade Condiments

Condiments sauce Catsup Margarine Chili con queso Grated cheese Cocktail sauce Cranberry sauce Dill pickle chips Dips, bean Hot cereal: Dips, onion Dips, ranch Oatmeal Cream of wheat Horseradish sauce Grits Jelly, assorted Lemon juice Mayonnaise Thermostabilized Mustard Mustard, hot Chinese Fruit Orange marmalade Peanut butter (chunky, creamy, whipped) Applesauce Picante sauce Fruit cocktail Sweet and sour sauce Peaches Syrup, maple Pears Taco sauce Pineapple Tartar sauce

Salads Beverages

Chicken salad Fruit : Tuna salad Turkey salad Cranberry Cranberry apple Vegetable: Cranberry raspberry Gatorade, assorted Bean salad, three Pineapple Pasta salad Pineapple grapefruit Potato salad, German Tomato Sauerkraut V-8

Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ • 39 Milk: Nuts:

Skim Almonds Low Cashews Chocolate (low fat or skim) Macadamia Whole Peanuts

Candy: Natural Form Candy-coated chocolates Fruit Candy-coated peanuts Lifesavers Apples, dried Gum (sugar free) Apricots, dried Peach, dried , dried Food Prunes Raisin In-suit fruit bar Trail mix

Grains Rehydratable

Animal crackers Beverages Cereal, cold Chex mix Crackers, assorted Cherry drink Baked chips, tortillas Cocoa Baked chips, potato Coffee (assorted) Pretzels Grape drink Goldfish Grapefruit drink Tortilla chips Instant breakfast, chocolate Potato chips Instant breakfast, vanilla krisp, seasoned Instant breakfast, strawberry Orange drink Desserts Orange mango drink Orange pineapple drink Cookies: (assorted) Tropical punch Butter Chocolate chip Fortune Irradiated Meat Rice krispies treat Shortbread Beef steak Smoked turkey

Beef

40 • Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ Appendix G: USDA Food Guide Pyramid

Fats, Oil & Sweets KEY USE SPARINGLY Fat (naturally occurring and added) (added)

These symbols show fats and added sugars in foods.

Milk, Yogurt & Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Cheese Group Eggs & Nuts Group 2-3 SERVINGS 2-3 SERVINGS

Vegetable Group Fruit Group 3-5 SERVINGS 2-4 SERVINGS

Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta Group 6-11 SERVINGS

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture/Department of Health and Services

Space Food and Nutrition An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics, EG-1999-02-115-HQ • 45