February 1994 $2.95

The Journal of Washington Apple Pi, Ltd.

~~1:mons~ p. 12 MACWORLD

--.... . :· America Online-A .; · ~ i guidebook review-p. 24 i, :· :i I: . • l t1 1' ' I • I I' . ':1 . .------1 • , . " :· . I :·! ' I ' I' 'I I: Artists on Exhibit -p. 30 I '! E x p 0 Washington Apple Pi General Meeting 4th Saturday • 9:00 a.m. • Community & Cultural Center Northern VA Community College• 8333 Little River Turnpike Annandale, Virginia March meeting site: call (301) 654-8060 for details

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From the Beltway (I-495) take Exit 6 west on VA 236 approx. 1 mile. Turn left into the campus of Northern Virginia Comm. College. Loop around to the rear ...... parking lots, and walk to 11111 the Community & Cultural - Center Building.

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Washington Apple Pi Journal 1 Table of Contents

Volume 16 ...... February 1994 ...... Number 2

Club News Apple II Articles WAP Hotline ...... 39, 42 Apple II History ...... 36 WAP Calendar ...... 40, 41 by Steven Weyhrich Index to Advertisers ...... 8 The Rise of Church-Sponsored Computer Classified Advertisements ...... 79 Learning Centers WAP Membership Form ...... 80 by Phil Shapiro ...... 48 Notes from the Apple II Vice President ...... 50 SIGs and Slices Stock SIG ...... 7 by Morris Pelham Apple Ill Articles MacProgrammers' SIG ...... 7 How to Align the A 143 Micro SCI Drive ...... 49 by Tom Linders Disk Cleaning & Speed Adjustment ...... 51 General Interest by Tom Linders DAR: Apple III Archive and Retrieval ...... 52 A Post-Holiday Guide to Buying by Allan Bloom A Home Computer ...... 5 Drawing & Painting Graphs ...... 56 by Lorin Evans by John Lomatire WAP Bylaw Amendments ...... 8 Basically Organized ...... 57 by Jonathan Hardis by Paul Campbell Call for Nominations ...... 12 On the Trail of the Apple III ...... 59 Long Distance Telecommunications ...... 13 by David Ottalini by Dave & Joan Jernigan Apple III to Mac, The Hard Way ...... 61 Journal Index for 1992 ...... 14 by Mike Lee by Harvey Kaye The Official America Online Membership Kit & Tour Guide (a book review) by Phil Shapiro ...... 24 Disk Libraries Macintosh Disk Library ...... 62 by Dave Weikert Macintosh Disk Order Form ...... 69 Macintosh Articles Apple Disk Library ...... 70 Macintosh Tutorials ...... 27 by John Ruffatto Tutorial Registration Form ...... 28 Apple Disk Order Forms ...... 75-78 Special Offers from Apple ...... 29 Artist on Exhibit ...... 30 by Blake Lange New Macintosh Files on the TCS ...... 32 by Lawrence Charters

The Journal of Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. is an independent publication not affiliated or otherwise associated with or sponsored or sanctioned by Apple Computer, Inc. The opinions, statements, positions and views stated herein are those of the author{s) or publisher and are not intended to be the opinions, statements, positions or views of Apple Computer, Inc.

2 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 Advertising in the Journal ! Some Orientation Possibilities Washingtonf'f.ple Pi

FullPage r-, T hird Page {vert.) 7.5" x 10.0" ~ 2.5" x 9.5" Sixch Page (hor.) This issue of the Washington Apple Pi Journal was created on 5.0" x 2.5" a Mac SE/30, proofed on an LaserW riter IINT, and produced T hird Page {hor.) by electronic typesetting at The Publishers Service Bureau. 5.0" x 4.75" D T he page layout program used was PageMaker 4.2a, the word processing program was Microsoft Word 5.1 ; the principal Half Page Two-thirds Page (verc.) typeface is New Century Schoolbook ( 10/ 12) for the articles; 7.5" x 4.75" 5" x 9.5" Sixch Page (verc.) and Helvetica for headlines, subheads, and emphasis. 2.5" x 4.75" Cover Design: New W AP Journal cover design was created by Ann Aiken in collaboration with Nancy Seferian. T he Capital D artwork was illustrated by Carol O'Connor for O ne Mile Up, which donated it fo r use on our cover. No. of times ad runs 1-2 3-5 6-11 12+ Full Page $450 $383 $338 $270 Covers $550 $468 $413 $330 Two-thirds Page $360 $306 $270 $216 Half Page $300 $255 $225 $180 Icon Guide Third Page $225 $191 $169 $135 Sixth Page $125 $106 $93 $75 Iii' E Macintosh Calendar Pages Special guaranteed positions incur a 10% surcharge a.A pple II, Ile, & TIGS • Apple Disk Libraries Ad Deadlines T he Washington Apple Pi Journal is published monthly. The Apple III (SARA) ~ Macintosh Disketeria ad copy deadlines and ad space reservations are listed below fo r your convenience. Hotline/Phone List IT General Interest Copy may be received as traditional mechanicals, re-paper, velox prints, or fi lm negatives. Negatives will incur an additional • TeleCommunications System (TCS) $ 15.00 strip-in charge.

Editorial Staff Deadlines Postal Information Apple II co-Editors W riters' submissions Washington Apple Pi (ISSN 1056-7682) is pub­ Scan Palen {703) 775-7027 March ...... Jan. 17 lished monthly by Washington Apple Pi, Ltd., 7910 Jack Mortimer (804) 224-0609 Sech Mize (4 10) 766-1154 April...... Feb. 2 1 W oodmont Avenue, Suite 9 10, Bethesda, M D 208 14. Second C lass Postage paid at Bethesda, M D. Art Editors Editors' submissions Anne Aiken (30 1) 530-1990 March ...... Jan. 25 Annual membership dues for Washington Apple Pi, Blake Lange (301) 942-9180 April...... Feb. 28 Ltd., are $32; ofthis amount $24 is fora subscription Calendar Editor Ad space reservations to the Washington Apple Pi Journal. Subscriptions Bill Wydro (301) 299-5267 March ...... Jan. 17 are not available without membership. Mac Editorial Consultant Seeking volumeer April...... Feb. 2 1 POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Wash­ Camera-ready ad copy Mac Software Liaison ington Apple Pi, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite Lawrence Charters (410) 730-4658 March ...... Jan. 25 9 10, Bethesda, MD 20814. Managing Edicor April...... Feb. 28 Kathryn Murray (202) 234- 1771

Change of Address should reach us 60 days in advance of the move to ensure that your Journals continue uninterrupted.

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 3 Officers and Board of Directors Volunteers President Lorin Evans (202) 543-1248 Vice President-Apple Joan Jernigan (703) 822-5137 Head Reading Lib. Brian Mason Vice President-Mac Lawrence Charters (410) 730-4658 Dealer Relations Comm. John Alden (202) 686-1656 V.P.-Administration Tom Witte (703) 683-5871 Harvey Kaye (301) 299-8994 V.P.-Comrnunity Affairs Joan Jernigan (703) 822-5137 Legal Counsel Richard Wohltman Treasurer Charles Froehlich (410) 889-9395 Membership Jon Hardis SlG's & Slices Coord. Bob Shaffer (301) 384-3724 Secretary Grace Gallager (703) 222-4570 Journal Store Distribution Volunteer Needed Directors Ken De Vito (703) 960-0786 Telecom SysOp Paul Schlosser (301) 831-9166 Anson H. (Bill) Geiger (703) 237-3614 Volunteer Coordinator Tom Witte (703) 683-5871 Jon Hardis (301) 330-1422 Dana Schwartz (301) 725-6281 Bob Shaffer (301) 384-3724 Annapolis Slice SIG Chairs Paula Shuck (410) 740-5255 President Richard Maclean (410) 721-8157 Jon Thomason (301) 951-9631 V.President Phil Scheel (410) 761-4260 Tom Vier (703) 860-4810 Secrecuy Jeff Straight (410) 64~868 David Weikert (301) 963-0063 Trea.rurer Mel Benson (410) 647-6873 Tom Witte (703) 683-5871 Membership Bill Derouin (410) 647-0802 Bill Wydro (301) 299-3592 Mac Programs Lloyd Olson (410) 544-1087 Sandy Bozek (410) 849-5232 Apple II Programs SethMiz.e (410) 766-1154 AAS Membership InfoLine (410) 923-6748 Disk Lib., ~pie Seth Mize (410) 766-1154 Office Staff Disk Lib., ac Paul Paluzzi (410) 674-3181 Office Manager Beth Medlin CRABBS BBS (410) 315-8532 Office Staff · Ambrose Liao (Tuesday nights only) AppleWorks GaiyHayman (301) 345-3230 John Ruffatto (Saturday) AppleIIGS GaiyHayman (301) 345-3230 ArtSIG Joe Morey (703) 281-5385 C.Olumbia Slic.e President Fllen Baniszewski (410) 730-4891 . 0>-V. President, Mac Ramesh Sardana (410) 992-9884: Library Volunteers 0>-V. President, Mac TlDlH~ (410) 730-7272 . V. President, Apple II Tom Coo (410) 995-0352 Apple II Head Librarian John Ruffatto (301) 735-4259 Editor, Macintosh Lawrence Charters (410) 730-4658 Apple UGS Librarians John Ruffatto (301) 735-4259 Editor, Apple II Andy Wakshul (410) 997-0156 Chris Hutmire (301) 871-1203 Treasurer Tom Cowley (410) 730-2319 Apple II Librarian Volunteer Needed BBSSysOp Herny Yee (410) 964-3706 Apple III Librarian David Ottalini (301) 681-6136 Disk Librarian, Apple Bill~bell (410) 997-9317 TlDl . ders Macintosh Librarian David Weikert (301) 963-0063 Disk Librarian, Mac (410) 997-9317 CADSIG Jeff Sutton Mac Library John DeMarco Ben Frank Database SIG Eric Gutsche (703) 379-1265 William Jones Fred Rodgers DisabledSIG Jay Thal (202) 244-3649 Tony Salerno Joe Swick =Publishing SIG Tom Piwowar see NOVA Educators SIG ExcelSIG Dick Byrd (703) 978-3440 Frederick Slice President Peter Alvestad (301) 371-4165 V.P./Newsletter u!lrR: Musser (301) 898-7647 Sec.ffreas. J. R! Robinson (301) 739-6030 Washington·App~¢.Pi,:Ltd·. The Cracker Barrel BBS (301) 662-3131 GameSIG Mike Dickman (703) 525-2410 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 910 HyperTalk David Mudd (703) 683-1746 Bethesda, MD 20814 Mac Programmers John Barnes (301) 652-0667 Greg Banolett (301) 762-1311 Business Office (301) 654-8060 Music SIG F.dMoser (301) 924-1573 Telecommunications System (301) 986-8085 NOVA F.ducato.rs SIG PatFauquet (703) 550-7423 PI-SIG Ted Meyer (703) 893-6845 Office hours: Monday-Saturday 10-2:30• QuickTime SIG Ambrose Liao (301) 530-3255 StockSIG Morris Pelham contact on TCS Tuesday 7-9 p.m. Tdecomm. SIG Allan Levy (301) 340-7839 ThreeSIG David Ottalini (301) 681-6136 "'.The office will O,pcn at J ·p.m. on Paul Campbell (313) 255-6497 · die day of the Geneiaf Meeting UlttaMaaos SIG GaiyHayman (301) 345-3230 Women's SIG Ann Aileen (301) 530-1990

©COPYRIGHT 1994, by W AP, Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. User groups may reprint without prior permission any portion of the contents herein, provided proper author, title, and publication credits are given, except in cases where the author has reserved copyright permission. In these cases, the author should be contacted directly. Please send a copy of the article as printed to Washington Apple Pi; 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 910; Bethesda, MD 20814.

4 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 TC From the President options for using the computer. And there are new easy-to-use computers that come already loaded with all the software you'll need for a home com­ A Post-Holiday Guide To puter. They can even be purchased in department and consumer elec­ J3uying A Home Computer: tronics stores." Raskin co-authored her book with children's technology expert Carol Ten Tips to Putting Ellison, after noticing "how few ac­ tivities are available to' parents to Technology In Your Home help them connect the computer ex­ perience their kids get in school with the activities they perform on the by Lorin Evans computer at home." Parents, Kids & Computers is a road map for the first-time computer buyer. It is intended to help parents ostholidaysales offer the fruni­ Robin Raskin, executive editor ofPC navigate through the maze of com­ ly considering the acquisition Magazine and a parent with three puter brands, technicaljargon, hard­ of a personal computer an computer-literate children. Robin P ware and software to make the best ideal time to make their move into cuts through the rhetoric of comput­ choice for the family. computing. When you combine the ers to show how buying a home com­ Here are Raskin's Top lOTips for overall drop in prices for computers puter can be a springboard to years of buying a computer the whole family with a proliferation of easy-to-use family fun and learning. will use for years to come: software and regional sales hype, now "The options you get on a com­ is very affordable time to enter per­ puter far exceed those on other home 1. Assess your family's computing sonal computing or upgrade an exist­ entertainment systems," notes needs. ing system. Raskin."And a computer offers much You will want a computer that A wonderful guide to help a fam­ more than entertainment. Every new serves the entire family. Begin by ily decide on a computer is the new software program presents you and asking yourselfsome pertinent ques­ book, Parents, Kids & Computers, by your child with a whole new range of tions: What type of computer do our

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 5 rr kids use at school? Most schools use sure to have at least 4 MB ofRAM for 8. Get the kids involved. Apple computers and are moving to a desktop; BMB is much better and You'll make a better choice for Macintoshes. Do I need to bring can be added by the dealer. the whole family if the kids are in­ cluded in the decision-making pro­ work home? If so, does my office use 5. A printer is essential. cess. Kids are remarkably aware of a Macintosh or DOS-based system? The three types of printers are the differences among various sys­ Will we be using the computer for dot-matrix, inkjet and laser. Keep in personal management like family fi­ tems. They should be involved to mind the kind of printing you will be some extend in the decision making nances and record-keeping? Do we doing: school work, general purpose, want a computer that comes with process; remember,you do want them desktop publishing, etc. The dot­ built-in sound and multimedia? Do to use it. They will appreciate being matrix printer is the most basic but we need any special adaptive equip­ consulted and you will probably ap­ not necessarily the best buy; laser ment to accommodate a learning dis­ preciate their input; let them feel printers are more sophisticated and ability? Will we want to make addi­ part of it early on. You should find necessacyfor high quality PostScript tional equipment purchases later on? many retailers allow families to test printing and graphics. Sitting right If so, how easy and economical is demonstration computers before in the middle is the affordable inkjet. this? These questions will lead you to making a purchase. It gives you the resolution of a laser the next step: choosing a brand. without the price. Some models offer 9. Protect your investment. 2. Go with a recognizable brand excellent color printing as well as Always find out about the name. PostScript. Consider both the cost of manufacturer's warranty and the There are two major personal acquisition as well as the cost of op­ store's return policy before you buy. computer families. This means you'll eration when deciding. Also, think about purchasing your bechoosinganApplecomputer-from computer with a credit card that pro­ 6. Kids love color. either the Macintosh or Performa vides an extended warranty at no If your computer will be used lines-or one of the DOS-based sys­ additional cost. principally by children, color is an tems. Both provide a vast range of option you should explore in print­ 10.Chooseyoursoftwarecarefully. software options, as well as service ing. The best children's games fill the A good computer game does more and support for your hardware. The screen with vivid hues and the won­ than entertain, it challenges kids to exchange of data between the two drous graphics they can create via explore the world around them and platforms is easy to accomplish with the new Print Shop, Kids Pix, helps them develop problem-solving the 3.5 inch high density drives that and creative thinking skills. Robin are standard with all Macs. Children's Writing Center, etc. capti­ vate children and encourage them to encourages parents to build a soft­ 3. Look for pre-installed software. explore further. Inkjet printinggives ware library with their children as Many of the best buys today are you the best of both. soon as they bring home a computer. computers that come already Software is the perfect gift for any 7. Make sure your system is easy "bundled" with hundreds of dollars special occasion. • worth ofsoftware. But consider both to expand. quality and quantity when making The latest wave in computers is [Parents, Kids & Computers by Robin your decision. multimedia, the ability to show video Raskin is available from Borders footage and play digital-quality sound Books at White Flint or Tyson's Cor­ 4. Buy enough memory so your using a CD-ROM(readonlymemocy). ner. This article was adapted from systemcangrowwithyourfamily. Buying a system witha CD-ROM can material provided by Apple Com­ There are two measurers to be expensive, but the benefits will puter, Inc. The trademarks men­ watch: the size of the hard drive pay off. For example, you can pur­ tioned are property of their respec­ where you will store your programs chase an encyclopedia on CD-ROM tive owners.] and the size ofthe desktop area where that would cost hundreds of dollars you will use the programs you have less than the hardback equivalent. stored. The capacity of a hard drive If you're not planning to buy a com­ ismeasuredinmegabytes(MB), while puter already equipped with multi­ desktops area is measured in mega­ media now, but want to add it in the bytes of RAM [random access future, make sure your system makes memocy]. The computer should have it easy and affordable to add these a drive with 80 MB or larger. Make options when you're ready.

6 Washington Apple Pl Journal February 1994 TC

PROMP'f & RELIABLE REPAIR by Monis Pelham • Apple, Radius, SuperMac & RasterOps authorized • Experienced factory trained technicians t our December meeting we • Warranted repair - original parts A forst spent a few minutes on our beating the Dow strategy and • AppleCare maintenance contr.acts then the rest of the meeting on our Special Discounts for. W.A.Pi members new idea which uses the Fidelity Authori7.ed Dealer & Select mutual funds to outperform BUSlt~E~S AASP•• Plus Service our beating the Dow strategy. FC SYSTEf,1S 10565 Lee Hwy., Fairfax, VA • Provider Our 1993 beating the Dow port­ (703) 385-2758 folio is up in price by 31.8% from Dec 31, 1992 to Nov 30, 1993. Our 1994 beating the Dow port­ data, and several transparencies he StockSIG, so I am happy to be able folio is still bouncing around, and put on the overhead projector to to give them a plug. we won't be certain what is in it show us the results. We spent the StockSIG welcomes both ex­ until after the end of the year. Nev­ rest of the evening talking about all perts and novices at our meetings. ertheless, Mark and I are both buy­ ofthis. It appears that profits in the Anyone using the Quicken 4 soft­ ing at least some of our 1994 stocks range of 30-40-50% per year are ware is particularly welcome while now, before the usual "Christmas possible ifyou pick the right fund at we are trying to figure it out. rally" and "January effect". Mark the right time. It appears the best StockSIG meets the 2nd Thursday ran his analysis on Nov 30 and came fund to invest in is the one that has of each month at 7 :30 PM at the up with Union Carbide, Woolworth, the best three to five week uptrend, WAP office. • Merck, DuPont and Philip Morris. I and the best period to hold it is either ran mine on data from the Decem­ 5 to 7 weeks or while it remains ber 6 Barron's and came up with among the top 14 to 17 of the funds. Union Carbide, Woolworth, Ameri­ Obviously, this is not as simple by John Barnes can Express, Merck and DuPont. as our beating the Dow strategy. If Mac Programmers' We didn't spend anytime talking you are interested in trying this SIG Chair about our differences, and Mark yourself, I suggest you do your work passed his around his information and bring a printout ofit with you to for everyone to look at and some to our meeting. I have put about 6 tits meeting on December 1st copy down. Then we moved right months of Fidelity Select data into A the WAP Macintosh Program­ along to the main topic of the night, Quicken and run some reports on it, mers' SIG explored the programming our new project to outperform the but my work is not as encouraging resources that are available by way beating the Dow strategy. as Mark's. We didn't have time to ofthe Internet. SIG chair John Barnes Mark has a large database of show or talk about my Quicken 4 led the discussion, with major contri­ mutual fund prices going back to results in December, but we will at butions from other travelers on the 1988 or 89. He loaded this into later meetings. international information highway. Excel and tested the results of pick­ In other news, I have joined the The discussion touched on such ing the best performing ofthe Fidel­ modern world and bought a new features as e-mail, file transfers, and ity Select mutual funds over a period Mac. I got a Quadra 610 with CD­ navigation aids like Gopher and Mo­ from 1 to 10 weeks, then investing in ROMand 16" Applecolormonitor. I saic. A live connection to the Internet that one fund for a period from 1 to 10 love it. Now I need to make some using Serial Link Internet Protocol weeks. Then he had Excel test a profits in 1994. When I went shop­ (SLIP) enhanced the demonstrations. variation, investing in the one fund ping, Falcon Microsystems had the The attendees at the December as long as it remained in a group of lowest price and the most knowl­ 1st meeting listed a variety of topics the better performing funds. edgeable salespeople I found, so I that they would like to see covered at Mark brought to our December bought it there. Falcon donated the future meetings. The topics ranged meeting his Excel worksheet, his Mac II ci we use at the office for from programming in C++, to Visual

February 1994 Washington Apple· Pi Journal 7 TC

Basic for the Macintosh, to Apple Scripting, to cross-platform develop­ ment, to the Internet, and beyond. The Mac Programmers' SIG WAP Bylaw Amendments meets at 7 :30 P .M. on the first Wednesday of every month at the Pi by Jonathan Bardis office. Keep your eyes on Board 3 of theMacintosh ConferenceoftheTCS, on this column in the Journal, and on other localBBSs for announcements of he WAP Board of Directors, at ments would be reciprocal: the other t.opics for upooming meetings. Ttheir October 13 and December groups would also offer regular WAP At the November meeting John 8 meetings, voted to amend WAP's members a benefit for less than their Barnes and Greg Bartolett stepped Bylaws. The Bylaws were last full dues. The amendment was in forward to carry on the work so ably amended on January 13 (Journal, response to an overture we have carried out in the past by Nancy March 1993.) This article is required received along these lines. Byrd. John and Greg would also like for notice to the membership, and I Guest memberships are intended all SIG members to check in with any elaborate to explain the changes. to resolve a dichotomy between our e-mail addresses that they use. Call Deleted material is shown in tradition and charter. WAP is 301-652-0667(John)or301-762-1311 [braekets3. New material is shown technically a social club, which (Greg). This will help everyone to +>set out like this<+. Issues of the operates for the benefit of its keep in touch while minimizing post­ WAP Journal giving notice of members. Nevertheless, we have a age and phone costs. previous amendment, adoption or tradition of inviting non-members Any WAP member who wants to repeal of particular sections are to attend our monthly General experience the unique sense of em­ indicated in brackets. powerment that comes through cre­ ating programs to make their Mac do Membership what they want it to do is hereby invited tojoin the Mac Programmers' On October 13, the SIG and share in its work. Sign up at Board made a number !!REPAIRS!! any meeting or call John or Greg at of changes to the By­ the numbers given above. • laws affecting mem­ Apple/Mac/I*M Motherboard Repairs bership status. Cur­ from $45.00 + S&H Advertisers Index rent memberships are Apple/Mac/l*M Power Supply Repairs now called "regular" from $45.00 + S&H A Computerist ...... 24 memberships. Stu­ Apple/Mac/I*M Drive Repairs from $45.00 + S&H AllNet Service Center ...... 79 dent membership, a class of regular mem­ Apple/Mac/l*M Monitor Repairs Arminius Publications ...... 8 bership, was defined. from $60.00 + S&H Apple/Mac/I*M Keyboard Repairs Casady & Greene, Inc ...... 1 In addition, the Board from $12.50 + S&H Dupont Computers ...... 10 may now establish Apple/Mac/l*M Upgrades classes of "associate" Available! FC Business Systems ...... 7 and "guest" mem­ Greencastle Graphics ...... 11 berships. Used Apple/Mac/I*M CPUs, Hewlett Packard ...... 17 Associate member­ Disk Drives, Monitors, ships are intended as Keyboards available for resale HyperGlot Software, Inc...... 9 a method of allowing MacUpgrades ...... C4 Warranties to one year on most repairs! members ofother com­ Same day turnaround on most repairs! Publishers Service Bur...... C3 puter user groups to Arminius enjoy a limited num­ Severn Graphics ...... 13 8519 Orchard Avenue ber WAP benefits for Merchantville NJ 08109 National Trade Productions .. 20 less than our ordinary (609) 662-3420 TCS ...... 5 dues. The intent is that such arrange-

8 Washington Apple Pl Journal February 1994 IT

Meeting and some of our other membership. Associate activities. The bylaw changes members have no voting rights L~~~N ~ ~O~IIGN L~NGU~GI! formally allow the Board to and may not hold office. The establish "Guest Memberships" Board of Directors may create It's EASY with Software from HyperGlot! to allow those who aren't regular one or more classes of guest members to attend individual membership to enable other The most complete line of fbrelgn language WAP functions. The intent is to persons to attend an individual software fbr the Macintosh available ask newcomers to register at the W AP function. Guest members anywhere. Our products are used door, and we will later mail have no other rights or extensively In universities and by additional information to them privileges. The Board of Individuals throughout the world! · about WAP, encouraging them Directors may prescribe the to join. other rights. privileges and Associated with these changes, qualifications of all classes of the section on membership membership.<+ [Amended July eligibility was amended to make 1986.) clear that membership in any form SECTION 2. will not be extended to individuals ELIGIBILITY. Membership in who interfere with our activities. W AP is open to any person ~ P.A HIUl-~~.CHC.U-J.A P.A HU.C-G.t~ffi.A H Many sections on the rights and interested in computers of any privileges of membership were manufacturer, size or kind +>and ~un I.AH-IT.A LI.A H-.CHGUUl-C.U IHU.t amended to limit those provisions who satisfies the Corporation To Ordert or to receive a to regular membership. that he or she is willing to free catalogt call participate constructively in the 1-800-800-8270 ARTICLE V - MEMBERSHIP Corporation's activities<+. New or write: family members, educational SECTION 1. CLASSES OF P.O. Box 10746 institutions and corporate MEMBERSHIP.+>There shall be three patrons shall be required to pay types of membership: regular. associate an initiation fee under the and guest.<+ There shall be four classes conditions prescribed by the of +>regular<+ membership: family, Board of Directors. [Amended student, educational institution and July 1986.) corporate patron. Any member of the SECTION 7. QUALIFICATIONS of a Special Membership Meeting, stating immediate household holding a family the date and hour of the meeting and the membership shall be entitled to all FOR OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. All officers and Directors must be place where it is to be held, shall be given privileges of membership, except that the by publication in the W AP Journal or by family membership is entitled to a single +>regular<+ members in good standing in W AP. Notwithstanding Articles VII a mailing to all +>regular<+ members W AP Journal and a single vote. +>Student and shall state the purpose ofthe meeting. membership may be held by individuals. and VIII of these Bylaws, an officer or Director who ceases to be a +>regular<+ No business other than that stated in the under the terms and conditions set by the notice shall be transacted. Board of Directors. for less dues than a member in good standing shall be deemed SECTION 3. QUORUM. One family membership.<+ Educational to have vacated the office or the directorate hundred +>regular<+ members in good institutions and corporate patrons shall effective as of the date he or she ceased to standing must be present at a Regular or exercise the privileges of membership be a +>regular<+ member in good Special Membership Meeting in order to through a single individual and shall be standing. [Added March 1987, and conduct business. entitled to a single vote. As determined amended March 1993.) by the Board of Directors, educational institutions and corporate patrons may be ARTICLE VI - MEMBERSHIP ARTICLE VII - BOARD OF entitled to multiple copies of the Journal. MEETINGS DIRECTOR$ . >+The Board of Directors may create one SECTION 2. SPECIAL SECTION 4. REMOVAL. A Director or more classes of associate membership. MEETINGS. Special Membership may be removed at any time, with or Associate membership may be offered to Meetings may be called by the President, without cause, either at a Regular members of other groups and include a the Board of Directors or a signed petition Membership Meeting or at a Special limited number of benefits of full W AP offifty(50)+>regular<+members.Notice Membership Meeting called for such

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 9 TC purpose. A quorum being present, a other person as the presiding officer may must be +>regular<+ members in good Director may be removed by the majority appoint, shall act as Secretary of the standing from the time of their nomination vote of +>regular<+ members in good meetings. A majority of the Directors until the conclusion of the election. standing present and voting. [Amended currently in office (not counting +>Regular<+ members in good standing March 1993.] vacancies) shall constitute a quorum. may nominate themselves or others. A SECTION 8. CONDUCT OF Meetings of the Board of Directors shall single nomination for each nominee is MEETINGS. The Board shall by a simple be open to faHt the Corporation's sufficient for any position. It is the majority at its first meeting of its term +>regular<+ members, except that upon responsibility ofthe nominator to provide elect a presiding officer from among its majority vote, the Board of Directors sufficient information to identify and members who shall preside at meetings may enter executive session to transact locate the nominee, who may be known of the Board of Directors for the balance business which the Board determines to to the Corporation under another name or of the term. In the absence of the presiding be confidential. [Amended June 1984 through another family member. officer, the Board may elect a temporary and August 1989.] [Amended March 1993.] presiding officer from among its members by simple majority vote for the duration ARTICLE IX - ELECTIONS The Three-Year Rule ofthe meeting or until the presiding officer SECTION 1. SCOPE. An election On December 8, the Board assumes the chair. By a two-thirds shall be held annually for ten Directors­ repealed a provision in the Bylaws majority vote, the Board may permanently at-Large, the President, the Vice-President which had become known as "the remove a presiding officer for the balance for Apple II Programs, the Vice-President three-year rule." of the term. A simple majority is then for Macintosh programs, the Secretary On April 20, 1990, the then Board sufficient to elect a new presiding officer. and the Treasurer. Each person who is a ofDirectors adopted a controversial The Secretary of the Corporation, or such +>regular<+ member in good standing Bylaw amendment which limited on April 8 shall have a ballot the term ofservice ofany WAP officer mailed or made available to to three years. (Journal, June 1990.) him. The election shall be The rule applied both to elected concluded, to the extent officers (the President, Vice­ MAC REPAIR CENTER possible, by May 31 ofeach I Presidents, Secretary, and year in order to allow those Treasurer) and to appointed officers elected to begin their terms (such as the Journal Editor, Dupont on June 1. The newly Librarians, and the TCS Operator), ri elected Board of Directors but not to Directors. l, ~~~puters may, at their first regular Those then in favor of the O meeting of the term, appoint amendment argued that, after any qualified members to three-years, officers were prone to 1761 S Street, NW fill any vacancies remaining "burn out," and a graceful means Washington, DC afterthe election, including was needed to ensure fresh blood in 202-232-6363 Director and officer each office. There were also concerns vacancies separately, expressed about "empire building," Computers • Monitors • Printers pursuant to Articles VII and for example, leaving the decisions VIII. [Amended March on which companies presented at MAC REPAIRS 1993.] General Meetings in the same SECTION 3. hands, year after year. A term limit, MAC UPGRADES NOMINATIONS. it was argued, would allow more Nominations for Director­ active members to be _honored as at-Large positions and officers, and that the organization MAC PARTS& officer positions must be would be healthier by forcing ACCESSORIES made at the February additional people to gain experience Regular Membership in each office. On-Site and In-House Repairs Meeting or received by the Service Contracts Available Those then opposed to the Secretary through the amendment argued that term limits Special Discounts for W .A.Pi Members Corporation's office by that made little sense in: a volunteer date. Candidates for office organization where it was difficult,

1O Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 rr in many cases, to find competent nominations will soon people who were willing to serve. open for the 1994 election, There were also concerns that the this question was rule would prevent the Board from germane. reappointing, and members from In light of all the argu­ reelecting, officers with special skills ments for and against and talents. Some people believed term limits, and consider­ that the provision was only a ing the implications and subterfuge to remove an officer of uncertainties ofthe exist­ that era. ing rule in its current con­ While the original proposal was text, the Board voted on to put the term limit into effect December 8 to repeal the immediately, a compromise was rule.Nevertheless, as part reached which delayed the effective of the anticipated general date of the amendment to June, review of our Bylaws, the 1993, "grandfathering" those then Board continues to wel­ in office. After the rule took effect, come input from the mem­ the incumbent Secretary and a Vice­ bership on how term lim­ President were ineligible to run for its should be imple­ Desktop Publishing reelection in 1993. mented, if at all. & At the first Board meeting of the Graphic Design current term, a motion was made to ARTICLE VIII - repeal the three-year rule. Although OFFICERS Greencastle Graphics a majority of the current Directors SECTION 1. Nancy Seferian were in favor of repeal, the motion DESIGNATION AND failed for the lack of a 213 vote. TENURE. The officers of the However, it was agreed informally (202) 333-5244 Corporation shall be the that the three-year rule would be 1425 Foxhall Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007 President, four Vice­ reconsidered as part of a general Presidents, the Secretary, the overhaul of our Bylaws which was Treasurer, one or more Editors then contemplated. of the J oumal, one or more Librarians, corporation will be served by doing so. By December, no general review the Telecommunications System The removal of an officer does not had been undertaken, but Operator, and one or more Tutorial prejudice any of his or her contract rights. circumstances required immediate Directors. The President shall not If any office becomes vacant for any review of the rule nonetheless. concurrently hold the office of Vice­ reason, the Board ofDirectors may appoint Our Bylaws allow the Board to President, Secretary or Treasurer. fA an eligible member to fill that vacancy. appoint as officers one or more Disk member who has l1eld an office for three [Amended June 1984, June 1988, June Librarians, who organize and eonseet1tiYe ,ears is not eligible to sene 1990, and March 1993.] distribute WAP's collection of in that office for 01\e 'ear] An election publicly available software. Did the shall be held annually, pursuant to Article rule require that we strip the title IX of these bylaws, for the President, the from an active volunteer who has two Vice-Presidents for Programs, the done an excellent job for the past Secretary and the Treasurer. The Board three years? Neither the title nor of Directors shall have the power to the duties were exclusive to this appoint all officers not chosen by election. person. An officer shall serve a term of one year Also, two ofour five elected officers and until a successor is appointed, or until were first appointed by the Board a successor is elected and qualifies before between elections to fill out the term the Board. The Board of Directors may ofanother person. Did the rule forbid by majority vote remove any officer of these people from standing for the Corporation if the Board finds in its election a third time? As judgment that the best interests of the

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 11 TC

1994 WAP Annual Election

Call for Nominations

Nominations are now being accepted for people to serve as officers and Directors of Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. (W AP) for the 1994-1995 term, one year starting on or shortly after June 1, 1994.

The positions open for nomination are:

• President • Vice-President (Apple II Programs) • Vice-President (Macintosh Programs) • Secretary • Treasurer • Directors-at-Large

The business and affairs of WAP are managed by the Board of Directors, which is composed of the officers and Directors elected each year. Those elected are expected to attend monthly Board meetings and to exemplify the service and leadership that our active volunteers provide in support of our activities and programs. Regular members in good standing of WAP may nominate themselves or others. (Please check that the nominee would be willing and able to serve.) Nominations should be addressed to the Secretary, and must be received by the General Meeting on Saturday, February 26, either at the meeting or at the WAP Office.

Additional information may be found in the WAP Bylaws, which have precedence over this notice in case of differences. Current officers and Directors can answer questions, as well .

.Help is still needed on the Election Committee to conduct the election. Please call the office to volunteer assistance.

12 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 Hewlett-Packard®suggests you look beyond the obvious for your next Mac printer.

Don't miss out on one of the best things And a RISC processor means fast printing When you choose HP LaserJet, you'll have going. Made-for-Mac HP LaserJet printe.rs. from start lo finish. a printer with a legendary reputation. For The new LaserJet 4MP completes a fantily of These printers have standard memory that quality. And reliability. For more infomlation LaserJets built specifically for your ranges from 4 lO 6 megabytes. That's plenty call 1-800-LASERJET, Ext 7685! Macintosh. for your graphics. For documents with zip Ifit isn't a LaserJet, Choose from 300- or 600-dpi print quality, and zing, you'll have 35 built-in PostScript it's only a laser printer. and prices ranging from Sl,279 to $2,399. Type 1typefaces. And, thanks to HPs auto­ Setup is easy. And with built-in PostScript'" matic language and l/O switching, LaserJets Level 2 software from Adobe, you'll be ready work simultaneously with Macs and PCs. F//'Q9. HEWLETT® to roll with the latest features in Mac printing. In fact, HP leads the industry in cross­ a!~ PACKARD LocalTalk means built-in Mac compatibility. platfom1 compatibility. rr

Title Author Issue Page Subject EdSIG Shapiro, Phil 05 08 education EdSIG Shapiro, Phil 08 11 education EdSIG Shapiro, Phil 09 08 education EdSIG Shapiro, Phil 10 08 education EdSIG Shapiro, Phil 11 08 education EdSIG Shapiro, Phil 12 08 education Educational Computing Organizations Shapiro, Phil 01 50 education Effects Specialist Thal, Jay 07 36 software review Employee Manual Maker & JobSketch Hoyt, Debbie 12 37 software review EndNote Plus Wages, Dan 02 43 software review Enduring Super Solvers OutNumbered! Jensen, Bill 04 43 software review! Enhance Your Graphics Campbell, Jim 02 49 software review Exploring Typefaces - 13 Potter, Frank 02 20 fonts Exploring Typefaces - 14 Potter, Frank 03 22 font Exploring Typefaces - 15 Potter, Frank 04 18 font Exploring Typefaces - 16 Potter, Frank 05 18 font Exploring Typefaces - 17 Potter, Frank 06 18 font Exploring Typefaces-12 Potter, Frank 01 20 typefaces Exploring Typefaces-18 Potter, Frank 08 20 font French Survival Manual and Language Laboratory Lingeman, Carolyn H. 01 46 software review French Survival Manual and Language Laboratory Lingeman, Carolyn H. 04 38 software review Game SIG Payneo, Steven 02 09 games Having the Best of Both Worlds: Communication versus Computation Chayes, Felix 04 34 mac Healthy Dining and Your Mac Price, Gregory 10 26 software How Apple II Computers Are Being Used for Cognitive Therapy Shapiro, Phil 10 54 education How the TCS Works: Part 1: An Overview Crew 07 15 telecomm. How to Update graphicWriter III or Font Factory-Through the Partner Program Hayman, Gary 03 61 Apple II How to Use the File Transfer System Crew 11 27 telecomm. How to Use the TCS Editor Crew 10 20 telecomm. How to Use the TCS Editor Crew 12 17 telecomm. "I'm Sorry But That Software Is No Longer In Production, Ma'am" Martin, Deborah S. 07 56 software II GS SIG Tarantino, Paul 10 10 Apple IIGS IIGS SIG Tarantino, Paul 08 12 Apple II GS IIGS SIG Tarantino, Paul 11 09 Apple II GS IIGS SIG Tarantino, Paul 12 10 Apple IIGS III SIG Ottalini, David 06 12 Apple III III SIG Campbell, Paul 07 11 Apple III III SIG Ottalini, Dave 11 12 Apple III In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 01 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 02 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 04 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 05 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 06 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 07 03 editorial

18 Washington ·Apple Pi Journal February 1994 TC

Title Author Issue Page Subject In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 08 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 10 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 11 05 editorial In the Pi Pan... Hoyt, Debbie 12 05 editorial Inspiration 3.0 Waring, Bill 04 31 software review Inspiration 3.0 Vernon, Tom 08 32 software review Intel SatisFAXion 400e FAXN.32bis Modem Heller, Paul 12 43 hardware review Intersect CDR-73 CD-ROM Reader with CD Gallery Mulligan, John 05 34 hardware review It Is Better to Look Good Hoyt, Debbie 11 29 book review LaserJets and Legal Terms: The Apple III at Work Campbell, Paul 04 65 Apple III Lingo: My Kind of Guy Charters, Lawrence I. 02 13 book review Logitech TrackMan Review O'Reilly, John 05 46 hardware review Mac ShareWare 500: An Encyclopedia of Virus-free ShareWare Hoyt, Debbie 09 34 book review MacEKG Zeman, Rick 11 32 software review Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 01 67 Mac disks Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 02 70 disketeria Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 03 69 disk library Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 04 67 disketeria Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 05 66 mac disks Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 06 67 mac disks Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 07 66 mac disks Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 08 70 mac disks Macintosh Disk Library Weikert, Dave 09 62 mac disks Macintosh Disk Library: New Disks - Phase Two Weikert, Dave 10 58 Mac disks Macintosh Disk Library: New Disks - Phase Two Weikert, Dave 11 61 Mac disks Macintosh Disk Library: New Disks-Phase Three Weikert, Dave 12 64 Mac disks Macintosh Tutorials and Seminars for August Malkin, Keith 08 15 tutorials Macintosh Tutorials and Seminars for July Malkin, Keith 07 12 tutorials Macintosh Tutorials and Seminars for October Malkin, Keith 10 13 tutorials Macintosh Tutorials and Seminars for September Malkin, Keith 09 11 tutorials Macintosh Tutorials for December Malkin, Keith 12 19 tutorials MacLink Plus/PC 6.0 Zeman, Rick 09 30 software MACnificent 7 .0 Education and Games CD-ROM Disc Shapiro, Phil 08 35 education MacNovice Begleiter, Ralph J. 03 29 Mac novice MacNovice Begleiter, Ralph J. 07 43 Mac novice MacNovice: ClarisWorks Begleiter, Ralph J. 05 27 Mac novice MacNovice: Getting Around n the Mac Begleiter, Ralph J. 09 27 Mac novice MacNovice: GreatWorks vs. ClarisWorks Begleiter, Ralph J. 10 24 Mac novice

February 1994 Was~ington Apple Pi Journal 19 See where IT•s going

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20 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 rr

Title Author Issue Page Subiect. MacN ovice: Stationery Begleiter, Ralph J. 04 27 mac novice MacNovice: System 7 Revisited Begleiter, Ralph J. 02 29 Mac novice Macro-roni: Macro Manager Campbell, Paul 08 67 Apple III Macs, Pc's, Excel and Speed Byrd, Richard J. 11 36 software review Mainframe Batch Printing on the Apple III Campbell, Paul 02 66 Apple III Making the Best of Both Possible Worlds: Revisited Chayes, Felix 07 27 HyperCard May Apple II Meeting Evans, Lorin 07 57 meetings Memories are Made of This ... Witte, T. & Hardis, J. 02 35 hardware review Menu.Maker 6.0 Ottalini, David 06 65 software review Microsoft Word 5.0 Lange, Blake 05 43 softw~e review Modem: USA Shapiro, Phil 05 25 book review Modem Works Thomason, Jon 09 56 software review MS-DOS5 Evangelista, Frank 06 25 book review Navigating Through Your Mac Milrod, Martin 04 45 software review Netiquette: The Gentle Art of Network Etiquette Hoyt, Debbie 07 20 telecomm. New Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 10 34 TCS files New Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 11 43 TCS files New Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 12 34 TCS files New Macintosh Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 05 52 TCS files New Macintosh Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 06 48 Mac TCS files New Macintosh Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 07 45 TCS files New Macintosh Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 08 47 TCS files New Macintosh Files on the TCS Charters, Lawrence I. 09 48 TCS files Nisus Word Processor Barrack, Marty 06 44 software review Notes On the Mac Schlosser, Paul 01 26 Mac Notes on the Mac Schlosser, Paul 03 45 Mac Notes on the Mac Schlosser, Paul 04 48 Mac Notes on the Mac Schlosser, Paul 05 37 Mac sundry Notes on the Mac Schlosser, Paul 06 28 Mac sundry Notes on the Mac Schlosser, Paul 08 30 Mac sundry Notes on the Mac: New DeskTop Macs Announced! Schlosser, Paul 10 22 Mac sundry Notes on the Mac: Prices Cut Schlosser, Paul 07 30 Mac sundry Of Mice and· Men: MouseMan (Logitech Mouse) Hoyt, Thomas 01 35 hardware review Office News and Updates Evans, Lorin 01 10 WAPoffice On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 01 62 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 02 68 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 03 64 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 04 62 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 05 60 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 06 63 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 07 60 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 08 63 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 09 58 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 10 56 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III Ottalini, David 11 58 Apple III On the Trail of the Apple III: Holiday Cheer Ottalini, David 12 60 Apple III

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 21 rr

Title Author Issue Page Subiect One Hard Drive, Multiple Volumes & Operating Systems Linders, Thomas E. 10 38 Online and Offiine with ProTERM 3.0 Walton, Lome 12 55 telecomm. PaperDirect Foils the Competition Hoyt, Debbie 12 20 paper stuff Part 2: How to Use the TCS Crew 08 24 telecomm. Part 3: How to Use the Message Base on the TCS Crew 09 24 telecomm. Paucity of Elementary Level Educational Software for the Mac Shapiro, Phil 01 33 education Performance: Turning Your upSider Down Campbell, Paul 07 64 Apple III Photo CD: Desktop Photography for the Rest of Us Dimick, Dennis R. 12 26 photo CD Pi Flies to Falcon or Macs to the Feds Charters, Lawrence I. 06 38 tour PowerBook Bundle: A Good Value? Charters, Lawrence I. 11 34 hardware/ software review Preventative Maintenance for Your Apple Equipment Evans, Lorin 07 23 Apple II Profile of Alan Bird, Legendary Apple II Software Developer GEnie Lamp 10 50 interview Program Clinic Franklin, Ken, MD 03 59 Apple II Program Clinic Franklin, Ken, MD 04 59 Apple II Program Clinic Franklin, Ken, MD 05 58 Apple II Program Clinic Franklin, Ken, MD 06 59 computers ProseI Brendon, Glen 03 62 Apple II Publish-It! Tips and Hints Frankel, Jeffrey 08 58 software review Radius Rocket 25 Review Street, Frank 06 33 software reviews Real World FreeHand 3 Seferian, Nancy 09 44 book review ResEdit Edited Charters, Lawrence I. 08 44 book review RunPC Chernoff, Paul 02 31 software review September Apple II Meeting Evans, Lorin 11 57 meetings Shared Minds: The New Technologies of Collaboration Shapiro, Phil 09 13 book review ShareWare and FreeWare Discussed Feller, Stan 02 11 shareware ShareWare Envelope DA's Shen, Vincent S. 01 30 software review Shooting Back; Giving At-Risk Kids a Chance to Define Themselves Through Creativity Shapiro, Phil 06 27 education Should You Make the Switch? Campbell, Paul 03 68 Apple III Significant breakthrough in U.S.-China Trade Relations Hasson, Joseph A. 05 13 trade Soft PC/AT Thomason, Jon 09 46 software review SOS vs. MS DOS Campbell, Paul 08 69 Apple III StockSIG Pelham, Morris 06 10 stocks StockSIG Pelham, Morris 07 09 stock StockSIG Pelham, Morris 08 10 stocks StockSIG Pelham, Morris 09 09 stock StockSIG Pelham, Morris 10 08 stock StockSIG Pelham, Morris 11 08 stocks StockSIG Pelham, Morris 12 08 stock StyleWriter Review Benson, Bernie 12 45 hardware review Super Munchers and Talking Spell It Plus Granite, David & Stephen 03 43 software review

22 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 rr

Title Author Issue Page Subiect Supra Fax Modem Saga Schlosser, Paul 10 30 telecomm. Telecomm SIG Levy, Allan 07 09 telecomm. Telecomm SIG Levy, Allan 08 12 telecomm. Telecommunications and Modems Levy, Allan & Page, David K.08 26 telecomm. Telecommunications and Modems, Part 2 Levy, Allan 09 28 telecomm. Time Treks Rall, Eric, Jr. 08 38 software review Tips for Working With a Service Bureau Shapiro, Phil 02 14 service bureaus Troubleshooting Your Apple II Shapiro, Phil 02 52 Apple II Tutorials and Seminars-February Malkin, Keith 02 45 tutorials Tutorials and Seminars-January Malkin, Keith 01 43 tutorials Unwrapping the Mysteries of Torah and Talmud Bloomfield, Douglas M. 03 31 software review V.32 Modems: An Overview Levy, Allan 08 29 telecomm. View From the Cathouse Brennan, Kim 01 52 IIGS WAP Book Library Update Mason, Brian 03 17 WAPlibrary WAP Book Library Update Mason, Brian 09 20 WAPbooks WAP III SIG PD Library Ottalini, David 03 65 Apple ill library WAP III SIG PD Library Ottalini, David 04 64 Apple ill library WAP III SIG PD Library Ottalini, David 05 63 Apple III WAP's Guide to the Apple Macintosh Orchard Witte, T. & Thomason, J. 12 23 computer terms We Need You ... Witte, Tom 01 14 Volunteers What Do We Do Now, Carmen Sandiego? Evry, Karen L. 03 12 software review White Elephant of Style Lange, Blake 01 47 software review Women's SIG Seferian, Nancy 12 09 women Word 5.0 Traning Tips: Table of contents, Figures and TablesNealon, Kevin & Weikert, D.09 38 software Word Perfect Revisited Bloomfield, Douglas M. 01 28 software review WorkPerfect 2.1: Savvy, Snazzy & Smooth Bloomfield, Douglas M. 04 29 software review Writing Center Porterfield, Glenda 05 48 software review XYZ's of File Transfer Thomason, Jon 11 24 telecomm. Your Computer- Your Health Slobins, Jon 03 13 health

Copyright© 1994 Harvey Kaye

We are collecting receipts from Giant and Safeway and donating them to Washington area schools. Please save yours and send them here to the office. We'll then be able to assist local schools in ''.~i:fil'~,;~[~~~L.ir~1~~!~!~!~~Ei~~~l:1:;;~7·;:·~

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 23 IT

Book Review the service itself. (This is analogous to the old saying that terrestrial creatures are in a better position to describe the features of an ocean ··The·Official America Online than are the fish that swim within it.) It's true that anyone who has Membership Kit & Tour used a Macintosh can learn all the basics of America Online (AOL) in Guide less than twenty minutes. But there are lots of tips and tricks beyond the "basics" that can make your online review by Phil Shapiro experience more streamlined, more fulfilling, and less costly. In my es­ timation, this tour guide could be The Official America Online 0220 (919) 942-1140 (fax) useful for newcomers as well as ex­ Membership Kit & Tour Guide ISBN 1-56604-012-4 perienced AOL users. The fact that (Mac Edition), by Tom Lichty, 405 purchasers of the book are given a pages, softcover, $34.95, 1992 (first merica Online (AOL) is an in­ voucher for 10 hours of online time edition). Aformation service that takes on AOL makes the book worth ex­ Published by: justifiable pride in being easy to amining a little closer. Ventana Press, Inc. P.O. Box 2468 learn. So it seems somewhat un­ Chapel Hill, NC 27515 (919) 942- usual that a 400 page guidebook A Thumbnail Sketch would be written about the of the Book service. Having read this To give you a quick idea of the guidebook from cover to cover, scope of the book, it seems sensible I now realize the many ben­ enough to start off by listing the efits that can result from be­ major chapter and section headings: We service coming a "skilled" America Online user. Contents: c Macintosh AOL is indeed easy to Chapter 1: Starting the Tour learn. But the service offers a What is America Online? 0 Computers richness of information re­ How to use this book sources that many subscrib­ M ers overlook. A hardcopy Chapter 2: Making the Connec- p guidebook is just the ticket tion 24 for revealing some of the in­ Things you'll need u formation resources that have Installing the software T HOURS eluded your view during your The initial online session online journeys. Where to go from here E ON What makes this guidebook Chapter 3: Online Help & the R CALL effective is that it was not Members written by America Online Getting help I staff. Rather, Ventana Press, Guides an independent book pub­ Members s lisher, made arrangements Chapter 4: Entertainment with America Online to pro­ Tl,1 An overview duce the book. Interestingly Book Bestsellers enough, this book shows that an author who is an outsider Cartoons (703) 750-0059 to the information service The Grandstand could be in a far better posi­ The Comedy Club A COl\IPUTERIST, LTD tion to describe the service RockLink Forum than someone who works for The Trivia Club

24 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 IT

Movie & video reviews The Mail menu 6.0, or higher, on your Macintosh. The Online Gaming Forum Gorilla food PP The financial barriers to going Chapter 5: News & Finance Chapter 12: FlashSessions & the online are equally low. These days Your personal stock portfolio Download Manager second hand Mac Plus computers News search What are FlashSessions? are selling in the $300 to $350 range The Microsoft Small Business Futility revisited (with 20 or 40 meg hard drives), so Center Scheduling FlashSessions even college students can hop over Free of extra charges Reading Flashmail such hurdles. Chapter 6: Lifestyles & Interests The Download Manager The yahoos are the majority The Opening Chapters Forums defined In the opening chapters of this The forums at Lifestyles & Chapter 13: Ten Best book you'll learn more about what Interest Ten best tips the America Online service is all The environmental club Ten best downloads about. To help demystify the crea­ Real Estate Online Ten most frequently asked ture, actual photographs of the The Writer's Forum questions of Customer "Stratus" computers that are the The Bicycling Forum Relations physical America Online are shown. Chapter 7: Computing & Soft­ Ten best ways to make friends So even though this information ware online service is diverse and ethereal in Macworld Online Ten best smileys nature, the core essence of the crea­ News & Reference The best online top ten list ture actually has physical and tan­ Industry connection Parting thoughts gible dimensions. The forums Appendix A: Keywords One of the main point made in Downloading files Appendix B: Command Keys the opening chapter is that the Uploading files Appendix C: The Menu Bar America Online software shields users from the usual technicalities Chapter 8: Travel & Shopping Appendix D: On the Road of telecommunications software. The EAASY SABRE gateway Appendix E: Preferences Glossary What this means is that AOL users The Independent Traveler Bibliography Index never need concern themselves with Computer Express "word length," "stop bits," "parity," AutoVantage No Fancy Macintosh Hardware Required or "transfer protocols." Those sorts of Chapter 9: Education & Refer­ Early on in the book the book's things are taken care of in the back­ ence author, Tom Lichty, informs us that ground, with no user involvement. Education & Reference for the Macintosh model he uses is a everyone "lowly" Macintosh Plus (circa 1984), Elucidating the Complex Education & Reference for with one megabyte of RAM. This One chapter I found particu­ the student reader found such a confession to be larly useful was Chapter 12, Education & Reference for the both noble and reassuring-noble "FlashSessions & the Download teacher in the fact that no true Mac enthu­ Manager." FlashSessions allow you Education & Reference for the siasts is willing to admit in private to automate the sending and re­ parent (let alone in public) that he or she is trieving ofelectronic mail-thereby Chapter 10: People Connection still using a Mac Plus; and reassur­ helping to minimize your online con­ The Lobby ing in the fact that you don't need to nect time. You do not need to know Exploring other public rooms own a Quadra 950 with 40 mega­ about FlashSessions to make use of Private rooms bytes of RAM to be a serious America Online, but knowing abnut Chat-room technique Macintosh telecommunications buff. them can be helpful in keeping Instant Messages The hardware requirements of online costs to a minimum. Center Stage the America Online software are PP FlashSessions also allow you to perform multiple file downloads Chapter 11: Electronic Mail rather minimal. One megabyte of automatically. The Macintosh fo­ What exactly is electronic mail? RAM is needed, two to three mega­ rum libraries on AOL contain up­ Why use e-mail? bytes ofhard disk drive are required, wards of 25,000 public domain and A circular exercise and you need to be running System shareware files. While browsing the

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 25 IT descriptions of these files, you can ness Center, how you can download guidebook includes one or more click on a button titled: "Download political and humorous cartoons as screen shots. Tasteful use of back­ Later." That file then gets added to GIF (graphic interchange format) ground grayscale fill patterns adds a list offiles that will be downloaded files, and a lot of other stuff. texture to some of the screen shots. when you activate your It's embarrassing that I've have Nice job of layout. FlashSession. had an account on America Online If this sounds a little compli­ for the past two years and have Conclusion cated, that's because it is. But the been unaware of so many of these Newcomers to America Online convenience of being able to down­ online areas. I've come to learn that could well benefit from this guide­ load multiple files at once (without the information resources on AOL book. Old-timers on AOL may be having to babysit the computer) is a don't jump out at you if you don't go surprised at how much this book great convenience. Chapter 12 gave looking for them. It behooves new­ has to offer. I'm glad I gave this book me enough courage to start experi­ comers to the service to browse a chance to show me things I didn't mentingwith FlashSessions. I doubt around the service to gain a sense of know. ifl would have explored this feature what AOL has to offer. Or, better Note: User Group and Educational of AOL if I didn't have a well-writ­ yet, browse through this guidebook, Discounts on Ventana Books ten guidebook at my side. without incurring the online con­ ''User groups can order up to 10 The best of guidebooks include nect time expenses. books (mixed titles ok) for 20% off - witty asides and light, self-depre­ A good overview of what AOL Ventana pays the shipping. For cating humor. Tom Lichty throws has to offer can be gained by scan­ orders of 10 or more, they get 50% in the occasional cute comment in ning the several hundred "key­ off, still with free shipping. Educa­ his explanations to keep you turn­ words" listed in Appendix A of the tional discounts - 25% The educa­ ingthepages. Forexample,inChap­ America Online Membership Kit & tional discount is good for instruc­ ter 12 when he explains about how Tour Guide. (Keywords allow you to tors and employees. We'll stretch you can compose electronic mail quickly move from one area of AOL that definition to anyone teaching a messages oftline and then send them to another.) Along with keywords to course, taking a course through an as a batch using a FlashSession, he the political news areas, sports news institution of some sort, or even af­ remarks: "In the previous chapter areas, travel info area, and com­ filiated with an academic group. A you sent yourself a letter. Yes, it puter forum areas, are also the key­ school purchase order is preferable, was an exercise in futility, but you words to "special interest" areas but teachers can place orders on saw electronic mail in action. We're such as DisABILITIES, Mensa, bik­ school stationary." about to repeat the exercise, but ing, gay and lesbian forum, legal this time we'll have the computer do forum, writer's club, aviation club, (The author takes a keen interest in it for us. We'll not only experience and emergency response club. Each the popularization oftelecommunica­ futility, we'll experience automated of these areas has its own public tions. He can be reached on America futility." The idea of a computer message board, organized into fold­ Online at: pshapiro; and on GEnie at: automatically performing futile ers and topics. p.shapirol) tasks on our behalf kept me grin­ ning for about six pages. Layout of the Book Other topics covered in the book The phenomenon of desktop include how families or schools can publishing has increased public use multiple screen names for a awareness about the aesthetics of single AOL account, how you can page layout. Consequently, thor­ include boldface or italicized text in ough book reviewers have taken to your e-mail messages to other Mac including brief remarks about the users, how you can obtain tech sup­ layout of books they review. The port from software publishers AOL Membership Kit & Tour Guide online, how you can keep up with is layed out with large borders sur­ the latest news in the computer rounding the body of the text. The industry by reading the ''Newsbytes" body of the text is set in Palatino, a press releases, how small business's rounded font considered gentle to can find useful information and the eye. advice in Microsoft's Small Busi- Almost every other page in this

26 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 Introduction to the Macintosh, Part I (Course # M021494) You should go through the Guided Tour Macintosh Tutorials disk that comes with your computer or system upgrade kit before you come to class. You'll learn: how to safely tum your Macintosh on and off; what the Volunteers and Instructors basic dos and don'ts are; how to under­ You can't have training without teachers. Ifyou have expertise in any stand common Macintosh terminol­ subject useful to Mac or Apple users, please consider teaching. Instructors ogy found in manuals and other docu­ have an opportunity to work with students in small groups and informal mentation; and how the basic compo­ settings. The teaching process is truly rewarding. Besides the spiritual nents ofyour Macintosh system, hard­ and intellectual, rewards also include compensation; you will be paid. We ware and software, work. You'll also especially need someone who can offer training in Excel. Call me ifthere learn why the Macintosh user inter­ is a subject that you are qualified to teach. face is consistent across all applica­ tions, and how this makes learning I am very pleased with the response to our requests for volunteers. We and using software easier. have a very bright and enthusiastic group of volunteers working to bring Materials Required: Your Ma­ you the best possible classes and programs. We encourage and welcome cintosh, hard disk drive, start-up disk, additional support for the training program. Graphic designers, desktop and an unformatted DSDD 800k disk. publishers, and illustrators-we could use your help in promoting our Date: Mon., February 14, 7-10 pm. program with brochures and fliers. For further information call Beth Medlin at the Pi office, (301) 654-8060. Introduction to the Macintosh, Part II (Course# M022194) Part II Macintosh Tutorials will continue the exploration of the The Macintosh introductory tutorials are a three-part introductory series basic components of your Macintosh designed for beginning users or those desiring to brush up their skills. The system, hardware and software. You'll primary focus of these courses will be on the System, Desktop, Icons, learn more of the dos and don'ts; the Windows, and basic concepts in System 7, but System 6 hangers-on are finer points of the Menu Bar, Error welcome and encouraged to participate. Their issues and concerns will be Messages, Dialog Boxes, Icons, Fold­ addressed. Please try to take all three parts; this is the most beneficial ers, Keyboard Shortcuts, Scrapbook, arrangement. and Clipboard will be discussed. You'll learn the basics ofinstalling software,

sqme.,~~111~,· ·l,I •. •: .Whe,.e: :.Un}et=J$ J>~e~se>· ~red~ all tuU>tjalssp<>~re!Jb:y~ Washillgton Apple Pi ~e given '. at the· office .1ocated at ~~no·'.· WOOdriiont Avenue~· Suite· ~10, .. Beth~da, Macyland. · •• .. lflien: Unless ot}ler\V,is~ ·· stated;:- all tutoria}s are three hoursin iengthand J:>egib: at 7 :00 :l' PM' on,the4ate liste~. 1Jie of.Ji~, ' :wish hands-on trmmrigtobnng·. ''XI>'.·' ·'In.tit>· •t():, Maijyrt~:u1~1i62Jie SSii, =~itti ''.,'~'i::!""7':·, ; •Fees:$25.00percl8ssi~rmem- · . checkyourhomeansweringma-. O~am~,(MO~~~~~lJI~~ :·:",,,,,,\, :.-. «·=:·,, ·.: .• < , ·.::'·... :,.~·:·;_. __ :· ·'.:·.'::::', ·.·<)~::t:~::-· .. i~'it:-::.;, ~=u~._;; ~ ';·~--~~,:., ··-{> ... ;:/:·:_'.~:t'~ t~H:0~~ ·-·~~·:' ~~~1TL'.~~:;··

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 27 1•1 1, •...... iJ£ • .J as well as about the Chooser, periph­ andan unformattedDSDD 800kdisk. ness professionals, but I imagine eral devices, and how they are con­ Date: Mon. ,February28, 7-lOpm anyone with an interest in learning nected to the Macintosh. to use the Internet could benefit Materials Required: Your Ma­ Maintaining Your Macintosh from them. Note: The classes are cintosh, hard disk drive, start-up disk, (Course# M022394) How to main­ taught on IBM-PC systems, rather and an unformatted DSDD 800k disk. tain and troubleshoot your Mac. Top­ than Apple II's or Macs. This should Dat.e: Mon., February 21, 7-10 pm. ics will include: organizing and man­ not make too much of a difference in aging your hard disk; backing up and understanding the concepts being Introduction to the Macintosh, back-up strategies, archiving, disk taught. For the most part, telecom­ Part m (Course# M022894) Part formatting, defragmentation and munications is "platform neutral." III will follow up the concepts in optimization; managing start-up re­ Here is a list of the classes that are taught: Parts I and II. You will learn more sources (including System 7 exten­ Basic Internet I: Basic Tools (e­ advanced Macintosh skills and ter­ sions or System 6 INIT's); avoiding mail, ftp, telnet) 3 hours $65 minology; about the system software conflicts and incompatibilities; virus Basic Internet II: Basic Tools and using, installing, and updating protection; memory management; (newsgroups, utilities) 3 hours $65 system files; about managing upgrading or replacing the operating Basic Internet ill: Basic Tools memory, hard disk space, fonts, system; system enhancements; cus­ (gopher, wais, www) 3 hours $65 sounds, and other resources, the tomizingsoftware installation; clean­ Advanced Internet I:E-mail(dis­ Apple menu, aliases, launching ap­ ing your mouse; and Macintosh cussion groups) 3 hours $100 plications, inter-application commu­ ''housekeeping" philosophies. Advanced Internet II: nications (Publish and Subscribe), Date: Wed., Feb. 23, 7-10 pm. Gopher 3 hours $100 and Balloon Help. You'll also learn 1 Advanced Internet III: about how to buy hardware and soft­ f;i·~·'':i~'.\:::•'if~j~g~~n~~il@~.~,·,_'.i~~',·_,L -:.'.\ Business/Environment Resources Basic and advanced courses in ware, how to upgrade, and what kinds 3 hours $100 using the Internet are being of­ of software are available for your Advanced Internet IV: fered on a weekly basis at the Uni­ Macintosh. Education/Government Resources versity of Maryland's Shady Grove 3 hours $100 Materials Required: Your Ma­ Campus, in Rockville, Maryland. Advanced Internet V: cintosh, hard disk drive, start-up disk, The classes are intended for busi-

Washington Apple Pi 7910 Woodmont Ave., Su. 910 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 301-654-8060 Basic Information Course Numbers

Please fill in the course number of the class(es} that you wish to attend. City/State/Zip ______Class #1 Phone (day)------(evening}------~- Cfu H #2 ______Member Number ______Non-member ------Class #3 ______Number of Classes --- x Class Fee$ =Total Fee$ --- Class#4--~-~--- Check/Money Order · Credit Card Class #5 ______Card Number ------C/ass#6 ______~ Card Expiration ____ Signature ______

Can you bring your own computer to the class? Yes:::., No:-.:::-. WAP Form #CL006 (mod. 7 /90). Mail registration and payment to the above address.

28 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 Health/Medicine Resources 3 hours $100 Advanced Internet VI: Law Resources 3 hours $100 Special Computer Offer Advanced Internet VII: Science Resources 3 hours $100 For futher information, contact the From Apple class instructor, John Makulowich, at: The Writers Alliance, Inc. 12008 hereis a DUO and two Power­ 68882 math coprocessor as well as an Golden Twig Court Gaithersburg, TBooks being offered by Apple active matrix screen. It comes with 4 MD 20878-2346 USA +1 301 738 Computers to Pi members for the megRAM/40megHD,andaninternal 6080 (voice) +1 301 738 6040 (fax) month of February. 2400 baud fax/data modem installed. Internet: [email protected] The first offering is brand new. It This refurbished unit carries a 90- The University of Maryland Sys­ is the DUO 210 4megs RAM/80 meg day warranty and sells for $1329.00. tem Shady Grove Center is located HD bundle. The microprocessor is The final item for February is a at 9640 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, the 25 MHz 68030. Included is the PowerBook 165. It has a 33 MHz Maryland. The telephone number Apple 14"Basiccolormonitor(.39dot 68030 processor, 4megs RAM/120 is (301) 738-6000. pitch), minidock, AC desk charger meg HD. It can display 16 shades of and extra battery. This new system gray on its backlit supertwist screen. ; Dtsl

Notes to Special Offer: * Refurbished products are equip­ First Name ______Last Name ______M.1. ___ ment thathas been returned to Apple Ship to address: ------by existing resellers. It may have (no PO Boxes) ______been returned for any number of City ______State. ____Zip ____ reasons, including discontinuation of that model, a return by customer, or a Day Phone# Evening Phone#------Tvne of Payment; VISA# MC# ______Exp. __ malfunction inthe product. All returns are checked for proper function, re­ Signature Cashier's Check # ------paired if necessary, repackaged, and ~ Product# Description ~ marked ''refurbished" on the box. **Orders will be taken on a first come, first serve basis and only from Feb. 1 through Feb. 28, 1994. Subtotal:---- *** Shipment of all orders will be (Only in the state of CA 8.5%) Sales Tax: ____ made the week of March 1. Shipping Costs: ____ ****All products come with a 90-day Total:. _____ in-home warranty. *****You must be a member of a user group, such as WAP, to participate. Shipping charge for each product ordered is $15.00

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 29 ea e~hi it-~~·~ ffists by Blake Lange

This column will look at the The final choice was then rendered art and artists of Washington in several colors from which taupe Apple Pi and the techniques and was selected. tools used to create the art. Tools: Macintosh Quadra 950, 2 gigabyte drive, 78 MB RAM, 17" Artist Info: David B. Gordon, Apple RGB Monitor, Mickrotec Lead Designer; Linda Austin, Art Color Scanner, Tektronic Phaser 3 Director; Greg German, Graphic printer for proofs, Quark Express, Designer; Image Communications, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe fig.A Inc., McLean, Virginia. Landing Illustrator. the account for promotion of the Techniques: This was the first MacWorld Exposition in Washing­ major project for lead designer ton, D.C. is quite a plum for a local Gordon in which he used the features MAClNORLD design firm, yet this company has a of Adobe Illustrator's new version history of successful promotions in 5.0. the computer field. The beautiful For most of the logos, the type )( t> ) materials distributed by America converted to outlines was modified Online are their creations. to fit the design. In the first logo shown (fig. A) the pathfinder filter This story is about the ''back minus front" was used so that development of the logo for the when the background color was Washington MacWorld Expo modified it would show through the scheduled for May 10 through 12. letters. Of interest is not only the The logo with all the rough edges exemplarily graphics but also the on the circle and global map (fig. B) creative process. was created by using the new distort/ Technology in graphics design roughen filter applied many times has developed to the point that this until the desired effect was created. logo could be developed in just two The map had the effect applied to a weeks. Initially, twenty-five ver­ sions of the logo were created out of which fifteen, after extensive revi­ sions, were presented to MacWorld for review. Three designs were picked for further refinement until settling on the final choice (fig. E).

SUMMIT fig.B fig.C

30 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 lesser extent and then was placed on the circle using the back minus MACWORLD front command. MACWORLD The planets illustration (fig. C) was imported from Photoshop and EXPO !) -n placed into Adobe Illustrator. Using the new Mosaic filter to change each ·:",j: pixel of a PICT object to a vector SUM IT graphic, the artist was able to .Ji;; I;. . experiment with different effects ,-.I .~ from inside Illustrator! The logo with the sun around the letter "O" in "EXPO" (fig. D) was :-, EXPO created using the new polygon filter MA<=W ~ RLD to create a twelve-pointed star that SUMMIT was then "twirled" using the new 'Sq - ,, twirl filter. The version actually approved (fig. E) uses the new gradient fill feature. In the older versions of fig.E Illustrator gradients were created by using a blend command that created a number of objects, each MACWORLD slightly different in color-an unwieldy process at best. The new ease of gradient art seems to be a harbinger of things to be seen at the Expo. See you there! . " i .

, I•' . I ,.

: . : . I : I ,., I ,'" · I . •, ' ' I i , ' ' I

MACWORLD ex EXP 0 SUMMIT fig.D SUMMIT

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 31 Area 6: Misc Documents DCBB1193.TXT: listing of"all" DC/ MDNA bulletin boards (Washington Metro) as of Nov. New Macintosh Files 1993. LOREMIPSUM.SIT: "Latin" nonsense text for filling out sample ontheTCS page-layout pages. LWB.SIT: bunch of ResEdit hacks for customizing the LaserWriter 8.x by Lawrence I. Charters driver. POSTALRATES.SIT: heavily formatted Microsoft Word document with postal rate charts. ecember saw two milestones welcomes its 10th anniversary, it is TIFF6.PS.SIT: latest specifications for the Washington Apple Pi worth looking back and appreciat­ for TIFF images; the document is a Dbulletin board, the TCS (Tele­ ing how far we have come. Com­ PostScript file which must be communications System). The first puter bulletin boards had their be­ downloaded with a utility (you can't milestone: since August, the board ginnings in the days of 300 bps mo­ view anything useful on the screen) has collected 4,000 files, totaling to a PostScript printer. dems that cost $700 or more, and BAT. TXT: small example of a dying over 700 megabytes. The second file storage was a matter of how genre: a TrY picture of a bat. milestone is a bit harder to explain, much you can fit on a floppy dis­ SIMPSONS. TXT: 1TY family since it requires a little knowledge kette. Today, a 14,400 bps modern is portrait. of how hard drives work on the under $200, and there are individual MONALISA. TXT: 1TY art of the Macintosh. files on the TCS measured in mega­ Mona Lisa. Kinda elongated. The main hard drive for the bytes. Ten years from now ... ? NBB9301. TXT: expanded version of TCS is divided into five partitions. The usual fine print: this listing the Computer Literacy Bookshops The Mac IIfx which drives the board represent only a small portion ofthe new book bulletin, first quarter sees these partitions as separate 1993. constantly changing library of files NBB9302. TXT: expanded version of drives, four "small" ones of over 100 available for downloading. Call the the Computer Literacy Bookshop megabytes and one big one with Pi Office at 301-654-8060 for infor­ new book bulletin, second quarter over half a billion bytes of storage. mation on how to subscribe to the 1993. In December, this large partition Washington Apple Pi Telecommu­ NBB9303. TXT: expanded version of completely filled, prompting a ma­ nications System, the Pi's "24 hour the Computer Literacy Bookshop jor reallocation of space. a day General Meeting." new book bulletin, third quarter In the past, before the "new 1993. TCS," filling a hard drive caused Area 3: Apple System Software NETBKS.TXT: expanded, annotated the entire system to crash, and the CDROM.4.05.SIT: latest version of list of books on networking from Computer Literacy Bookshop. only solution was to engage in a Apple's Macintosh CD-ROM driver Installation disk. Disk Image mass purge of files. It wasn't even Area 7: GIF Graphics possible to purchase more drives for format requires Disk Copy 4.2 to make floppy. THRASHER.GIF: close-up storage, since the manufacturer had MACCHECKl.0.5: latest version of photograph, 256-color of a thrasher ceased to exist long ago. As a result, Apple's superb disk (and system) in a natural setting. the average life expectancy of a file diagnostic utility. It checks for MB500SL.GIF: Mercy Bends 500SL, on the bulletin board was three damaged fonts, lists the fonts, gleaming German metal, glass, months or less. But in December, checks for damaged files, list plastic, rubber, leather, monthly almost 150 megabytes of files were various kinds of files, lists drivers, payments... · NIAGARA.GIF: either the famous shifted around among the partitions displays all kinds of nifty disk information - and even tells you horseshoe-shaped falls between the to make room. Not one file, not one U.S. and Canada or the result of a byte, of data was lost. And it took how many hours your Mac has been on since it was first powered up. terrible plumbing error. mere minutes; other than the TCS AEVMGR.CPT: latest version of the FRACTALROOM.GIF: technically, Crew, no one even noticed a change. Apple Event Manager for the AV probably a virtual room, for As Apple Computer Corp. en­ Macintosh computers. fractious people? ters its 17th year, and the Macintosh BABOONS.GIF: silhouetted against a

32 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 spectacular sunset. This is a HUGE BABOONS.JPG: massive photo of Area 23: Mac Utllitles photo. baboons on a tree, silhouetted by a MONITOR.SWITCH: switch color ZAPPA.GIF: portrait of the late Frank spectacular sunset. depths and resolutions on the fly. Zappa. RECIPEBOXDE.CPT: nice shareware ZAPPA2.GIF: this photo isn't as Area 10: MIDI Music FileMaker Pro database, a fully politically correct, which may MUSICFUNDEM.SIT: Music functional recipe box. actually be more in keeping with FUN(damentals) is a music MACAOAN3.2.CPT: updated his view of the world. teaching game written by a music shareware amortization schedule. BORGATES: interesting commentary professor at Brown University. It CLOX.SIT: three clocks, each a stand­ on computer software with a Star uses to advantage, but does not alone application, of little or no use Trek: The Next Generation theme. require, MIDI equipment. unless you have either MultiFinder Quite clever. MID/SCOPE.SIT: excellent diagnostic or System 7. ALIENS.GIF: color photo showing tool allowing you to view and INQUISITION.SIT: interesting flying saucers over Southern capture all or selected types of collection of files (not really a California, downloaded off a NASA MIDI data in real time. Many utility) that use AppleEvents to Goddard computer. features, misguided interface. check the fields in FileMaker Pro. ENTERPRISEN. GIF: color picture of MIDI.ADAPT. TXT: text file describes CHECK32.SIT: utility to check and the starship Enterprise, Next a home-brew MIDI adapter for the see if your programs are 32-bit Generation version. Macintosh. clean. AODS1ACLOSE.GIF, BULKSYSEX.SIT: utility lets you AODS1CLOSEO.GIF, capture and download data from Area 24: Mac Extensions AODS1EARTHO.GIF, and to any MIDI device. STRETCH2.SIT: iconize & stretch AODSINEWTER.GIF, HYPERMIDl.SIT: package contains windows the way Microsoft thinks AODS1POLARS.GIF, an integrated set of HyperCard you should. AODS1SATURN.GIF, commands which programmers can NETWORKCALE.SIT: not a bad AODS1THEART.GIF, use to communicate with MIDI networkable calendar. AODSITRITON.GIF, · devices. CROOKEDMOUS.SIT: fun little INIT AODS2CLARKESMOO, MINITRAX154.SIT: utility, written to which will cause your mouse to AODS2EUDORAI.GI, demonstrate Altech's MIDI BASIC move at an angle 45 degrees AODS2LOSTIN.GIF, language, allows simple recording counterclockwise from the angle it AODS20FFTHECR.G, and playing of songs, plus it can should be moving. AODS20UTSID.GIF, quantize, transpose, and perform BARNEYBLAST.SIT: with this AODS20VERDRAG.G, various other transformations on Barney Blaster After Dark module AODS2PSIDRA.GIF, the recorded music. Samples installed on your system, the big AODS2XRAYIN.GIF: superb series included. purple guy will appear on your of astronomical artwork with the KAMIKAZEDX.CPT: utility written screen, chuckle (ugh), hop a few general title "Art of DracoSpace." by an enthusiastic MIDI BASIC times (groan), and then, mercifully, The artist is a Macintosh sysop on user in Japan for the DX. Its get shot in the gut with a delayed­ GEnie. documentation is not quite totally fuse explosive projectile. CARINANEBUL.GIF: color photo of incoherent. SNDMSTR174.SIT: latest release of the Carina Nebula CZLIBRARIAN.SIT: utility written SoundMaster 1. 7.4, a control panel EARTHSMOON.GIF: huge, bright by Altech for the Casio CZ series you can use to assign sounds to photo of Luna, Terra's sister planet. keyboards. various system events. ECLIPSE1.GIF: photo of a total ESQILIBRARY.SIT: utility written PREVIEW302.SIT: slick printer eclipse of the sun, taken off the by Altech for Ensoniq keyboards. extension that gives a print preview coast of Southern California with a even in applications that don't digital camera and "developed" on a Area 12: PowerPC specifically have such a feature. Macintosh. PPG.SIT: info on the PowerPC from GREGSBUTTON.SIT: a control panel IBM; Postscript file. that let's you customize the user Area 8: JPEG Graphics interface of a Mac running S7. CENTRIS650.CUT: neat color Area 22: Mac Applications AURORA.SIT: allows you to add cutaway picture of a Centris 650/ FAMILYEVENT.SIT: genealogy custom colors to your windows, Quadra 650/PowerPC ??? program with flexible report writing background, scrollbars, text, CLOUDTOPSOV.JPG: photo of cloud capabilities. highlight colors, etc. tops over the Pacific. ADDRESSBK36.SIT: latest version of DEPTHMASTER:seteach JAGUAR.JPG: if I owned this car... f d a very fine shareware address book application to a custom color depth sell it and buy a Quadra or program. XMASLIGHTS.SIT: hang flashing PowerPC. Christmas lights under menu bar

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 33 XMASBULBS.SIT: After Dark Chime sounds MPEG. UTILS.SIT: two programs, a module of a hugely tangled string of XMASWHISTLE: kid saying player for MPEG format movies, brightly colored Christmas Christmas with whistle. and a utility that converts MPEG to decoration bulbs. ROCKYOU.SIT: We will - we will - QuickTime. QUITITl.O.SIT: Control Panel that ROCK YOU! quits an application when the close Area 29: Mac Telecomm box is clicked on the last open Area 27: Mac Graphic Images NET.MAC.2.3.29: packet radio (ham window. JCLIP.SIT: six MacPaint drawings in radio) program PLAYON.SIT: control panel device classic Japanese style. NUNTIUS.1.1.3: a System-7- that takes sound input to the back HOLIDAYPPAT.SIT: holiday desktop dependent Macintosh NNTP news of the Mac and plays it on the Mac's patterns for Before Dark. reader. speaker. STIMPYTICON.SIT: professional CONGRESSFAX.SIT: STFfax MOUS$BROKEN.SIT: control panel quality 3-D icon ofStimpy phonebook with the fax numbers of to customize mouse movement, ICONS.SEA: some high-quality, if all the Congresspeople the compiler usually in ways that would bizarre, icons could compile. seriously degrade performance and C94CALPAGE.SIT: 1994 calendar on ATMAP0.1B7F.CPT: utility will map sanity. a page, in Adobe Illustrator EPS an AppleTalk network, including AD.SYSTEMVINE: After Dark format routers and other communications module that puts about 13 system STATESART.SIT: EPS images of all links. icons up on the screen at random. 50 states as separate files; these are OP288.SIT: AppleTalk Remote Access all to the same scale. settings for the new Hayes Optima Area 25: Mac Font WORLDMAP.EP.SIT: EPS map of the 28.8 modem. FONTCASCADE.SIT: small world; not very detailed, but pretty. USRCRV32Tl.SIT: AppleTalk application which allows you to PATI'ERNSOFN.SIT: an import file Remote Access settings for the new display a font in large, even very for the Before Dark application/ US Robotics Courier V.32 terbo large, sizes, on screen or printed. control panel. Lovely nature 19.2K modem. patterns. Area 26: Mac Sound MARKTWAINSTEREO: stereo PICT Area 30: Mac Product Demos SPEAKERl.13.SIT: play with new image of Mark Twain. You can view SIMCITY2000DEMO: demo slide Speech Manager and PlainTalk this with GIFConverter, TeachText show (256 Color) of the wild new voice synthesis (both of which are 7.0, or anything else that can read a version of SIM City, the game that required). PICT image. lets you play politics without MSZSOUNDS.SIT: customize the XMASTREEPPAT: Christmas tree getting elected. sounds used in Zterm. desktop pattern WP3.0TESTDR.SIT: working demo of SHUTI'LEBAYD.SIT: sound heard XMAS/CONS.SIT: great Christmas WordPerfect 3.0 for the Macintosh, when the shuttle bay doors are Icons a serious contender against opened on the Enterprise. Microsoft Word, the most widely ITCHYSCRATC.SIT: The Itchy & Area 28: Mac Graphic Utlls used Mac program of all time. Scratchy show!! KAITIPS.23.SIT: 23rd in a series RAEASSISTDE.SIT: working demo of SOUNDTRECKE.SIT: Sound-Trecker from Kai Krause, developer of Kai's Rae Assist, a calendar I to do I 2.0, the program for playing MOD Power Tools for Adobe Photoshop. appointment I name and address music files on a Macintosh. New in This article in WORD 4-5, deals package. this version is the ability to peer with "The Shadowy Mask," a CYCLONEINSTALLE: outstanding into the internal MOD file method of creating titles against update of a classic game specifications, six voices, and other "shadowy" backgrounds. MAYHEMDEMO.SIT: demo of a goodies, plus a wicked way to export GCON.2.33.4.SIT: GJFConverter is a game which lets you do what you files to a Mac sound file format. superb GIF viewer and can also always wanted to do: be the FALALA: sound excerpt from Deck save GIFs into other formats along monster. Smash cities flat! Chase the Halls carol with displaying JPEG files. This the little itty bitty people! HERSHEYXMAS: sound file similar archive contains 2.33 and the SPINDOCTORD.SIT: Spin Doctor is to the Hershey Kisses Commercial updater to tum it into 2.34. different - you control a spinning LITI'LETOWNO.SIT: sound excerpt MACMANDELMO.SIT: wonderful bar through just a few keys, and from 0 Little Town Of Bethlehelm utility for making Mandelbrot guide it through all kinds of colorful OTIDINGSOFC.SIT: sound excerpt movies. MACPLASMAl..SIT: and dangerous obstacles. from 0 tidings of Comfort and Joy application does nothing useful TINIESDEMO.SIT: cute 256 color SILVERBELLS: sound excerpt from except make wonderful color puzzle game where you have to move Silver Bells Xmas tune animations that pulsate. Play some little critters around a maze to XMASCHIMES: four Christmas '60s music while you watch it. match them to their 'sleeping pads.'

34 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 GLIDERDEMO.SIT: demo of the computers and printers. MAX.MOOV.SIT: seven seconds from popular game Glider (v4.0) the original pilot of Max Headroom. SWAMPGASDEM.SIT: demo of the Area 35: Mac Multimedia/QT August 1987. This movie will blow educational game Swamp Gas SKIER.SIT: clip showing a skier your mind. BATTLECHESS.SIT: demo of the (snow type) outrageous chess game 'Battle SAFESEXPSA.SIT: safe sex public Area 36: Mac Information Chess,' where the pieces are service announcement TIDBITS #202 to TIDBITS #206 animated, and sometimes do nasty DGDC.MOVIE.SIT: elaborate (Nov. 15, 1993 to Dec. 13, 1993): the things to each other. rotating color molecule weekly electronic Macintosh MPEGFAQ3.SIT: all you ever wanted magazine, filled with news and Area 31 : Mac Product Support to know about MPEG (and more). gossip for those too impatient to CDROMTOOLKI.CPT: update FWB's ADDAMSFAMILYI.S: clever, and read MacWeek. CD-ROM Toolkit to v.1.03. enlightening, interactive preview? ZIPADEE.SIT: extensive database, in Al5.01PATCH.SIT: Adobe Patcher to summary? vita? whatever? on the FileMaker Pro format, of Zip codes Illustrator 5.0lb film "Adams Family Values." (covers all 5-digit zip codes in the A VDSP.SEA : Photoshop Plug-in for WBGSLIDESHO.SIT: nice nature country). AV Macs slide show from Japan. WORD5FAQ.SIT: a number of FAQ QUICKEN.CPT: update Quicken to ROMANTICMAR.SIT: Romantic (Frequently Asked Questions) lists Quicken release 6 Marine slideshow, from Japan from the Word Mac conference, AUTODOUBLERUPDA: patches MANDELMOVIE: Art through higher covering Word 5.0. Autodoubler 2.0.X to 2.0.3 mathematics. This QuickTime clip WORDFAQWD4.SIT: Word 4 will occupy 7 .5 megabytes of disk Frequently Asked Questions Area 32: Mac Games space. The movie was created using COMPTON.SIT: text of claims to PATCOMMl.1.SIT: clone of the MacMandelMovieMaker, a funny patent on multimedia search engine arcade game Missile Command name for a wonderful program by Compton's New Media. SSONICRKILL.SIT: Super Sonic: The designed to make QuickTime WORDHELP.SIT: series of documents Road Kill movies of Mandelbrot set (in Word 5.1, of course) on how to SLAMDUNK171.SIT: well-done animations. get the most out of Word 5.1, by college and pro basketball BIRDHATQT.SIT: a bird in the hat is Reed College. simulation game. worth two in your computer MOVODII.SIT: one or two player FRACTAL.MOO.SIT: Mandelbrot Area 37: Mac Programming game in which you operate a tank­ fractal movie INITICONSP.SIT: Pascal source to line vehicle, but not a simple shoot­ MAC.PICSMOV.SIT: QuickTime clip display INIT icons em-up. for Macintosh computers suffering CARD.SHELL. VOL: more card games an identity crisis. Area 38: Mac Technical for Card Shell STAR.TREK.P.SIT: space: the final MAKEMOOVS.SIT: articles on CLASSIC.DALEKS: revised, System frontier, etc. QuickTime Movie making 7 compatible version of the "first" RTRACEFLYTH.SIT: nice fly­ ETHERNETCAR.SIT: Ethernet card Mac game. through ray trace clip questions, and some answers, too. BEEBOPlFRENCHBR: a Breakout SRBSEPET208.SIT: an orbital LOCALTALKCO.SIT: LocalTalk game with a French twist, really booster does its thing Connector Schematic nice colors and sounds. WEATHERMOVI.SIT: NOAA satellite NETWORKWIRl.SIT: Network MAELSTRMV14.CPT: newest version view of Hurricane Emily Wiring Guide of Maelstrom, arguably the best HUBBLEREPAI.SIT: stand-alone 3D PHONENETINF.SIT: more space shooter game for the Mac. animation and model of the Hubble information than you ever wanted QUAGMIRE.SEA: move you robot Telescope repair, complete with to know on PhoneNet connectors for through all the levels of the shuttle, little astronauts, shuttle Local Talk. building and save Dr. Quagmire. arm, etc .. WHENETHERNE.SIT: information TERMINATOR2SPEC: clip from on when you should consider Area 34: Mac Hypermedia Terminator 2 special Ethernet over LocalTalk. HAMILGARDEN.SIT: cleverly done PLAYMATE.SIT: Playmate jumps - and relatively simple to duplicate around in a skin tight cat suit for - "virtual" tour of Hamilton the cameras. Gardens, in New Zealand. ECLIPSEFROMTH.S: movie shows SIMMSTACK411.SI: latest version of what a total lunar eclipse would a wonderful stack that tells you look like if you were on the surface almost everything there is to know of the moon. Done with Voyager, about Macintosh memory for and pretty neat.

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 35 original Apple ][! This strength of the Apple II could also be considered a weak­ ness, because it presents a major Apple// History difficulty in making design improve­ ments that keep up with the ad­ Compiled and written by Steven Weyhrich vances in computer technology be­ ©Copyright 1991, Zonker Software tween 1976 and the present, and yet maintain that compatibility with the past. Other early computer makers found it easy to design im­ provements that created a better (PART 1 - PRE-APPLE HISTORY) have some ofthose ridiculous PEEKs machine, but they did so at the [vl.O :: 18 Sep 91] and POKEs to contend with. The expense of their existing user base disk layout (which type is supposed (Commodore comes to mind, with Introduction to go into which slot) seems to be in the PET, Vic 20, Commodore 64, his project began as a descrip­ some random order! And then there and lastly the Amiga, all completely tionofhowtheApplell evolved is the alphabet soup of disk sys­ incompatible). However, this atten­ Tinto a IIGS, and some of the tems: DOS 3.3, CP/M, Pascal, tion to detail is just one ofthe things standards that emerged along the ProDOS, and GS/OS (if you have a that has made the Apple II the long­ way. It has grown into a history of IIGS). If you use 16-bit software lived computer that it is. Apple Computer, with an emphasis EXCLUSIVELY, you will probably In examining the development on the place of the Apple II in that see none of this; however, even the of the Apple II, we will take a look at history. It has been gleaned from a most diehard GS user of the "latest some pre-Apple microcomputer his­ variety of magazine articles and and greatest" 16-bit programs will tory, the Apple I, and the formation books that I have collected over the eventually need to use an 8-bit pro­ ofApple Computers, Inc., with some years, supplemented by informa­ gram. If you can tolerate a history sideroads into ways in which early tion supplied by individuals who lesson and would like to know "the users overcame the limits of their were "there" when it happened. I rest of the story," I will try to make systems. We will follow through with have tried not to spend much time sense of it all. the development of the Apple Ile, on information that has been often I think one of the Apple H's Ile, and IIGS, and lastly make some repeated, but rather on the less greatest strengths is the attention comments on the current state of known stories that led to the Apple they have paid over the years to be affairs at Apple Inc. regarding the II as we know it (and love it) today. backward compatible. That means Apple II. Along the way I hope to present that a IIGS "power system" manu­ some interesting technical trivia, factured in 1991, with 8 meg of Pre-Apple History some thoughts about what the Apple memory, a hand-held optical scan­ Let's begin our adventure in his­ II could have been, and what the ner, CD-ROM drive, and 150 meg of tory. I've designed a special inter­ Apple II still can be. The Apple II hard disk storage can still run an face card that plugs into slot 7 on an has been described as the computer Integer BASIC program written in Apple II. It contains an item its that refuses to die. This story tells a 1977, probably without ANY modi­ inventor called a "Flux Capacitor" little bit of why that is true. fication! In the world of microcom­ (something about the being able to If you are a new Apple II owner puters, where technology continues modify flux and flow of time). The in 1991 and use any 8-bit Apple II to advance monthly, and old pro­ card derives its power from a self­ software at all, you may feel bewil­ grams may or may not run on the contained generator called "Mr. dered by the seemingly nonsensical new models, that consistency is Fusion" (another item I dug out of way in which certain things are laid amazing to me. Consider the quan­ the wreckage from a train/auto ac­ out. AppleWorks asks which "slot" tum leap in complexity and func­ cident in California a couple ofyears your printer is in. Ifyou want to use tion between the original 4K Apple ago). Connected to the card via a the 80 column screen in Applesoft ][and the ROM 03 IIGS; the amount specially shielded line, Mr. Fusion BASIC you must type an odd com­ of firmware (built-in programs) in runs on trash (and is, therefore, the mand, "PR#3". Ifyou want to write the IIGS is larger than the entire ultimate computer peripheral, ifyou PROGRAMS for Applesoft, you may RAM SPACE in a fully expanded recall the old principal of "garbage

36 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 d in, garbage out"). Let's put a few significant event in microcomputer applications can be performed si­ issues of PC MAGAZINE into Mr. history. Ifyou will consider the early multaneously." Among the possible Fusion, and switch on the Flux Ca­ microprocessors of the years 1971 uses listed are an automated con­ pacitor. (Incidentally, for this to through 197 4 as a time of germina­ trol for a ham station, a digital clock work, it needs an Apple II equipped tion and "pregnancy" of ideas and with time zone conversion, an auto­ with a specially modified Zip chip various hardware designs, January pilot for planes and boats, naviga­ running at 88 MHz). Boot the disk of1975 saw the "labor and delivery'' tion computer, a brain for a robot, a and set the time circuits for 1975. of a special package. The birth an­ pattern-recognition device, and a Ready? Set? Go! ** CRACKADOOM nouncement was splashed on the printed matter-to-Braille converter ** !! front cover of a hacker's magazine, for the blind. 2 Many of these things Did you make it all right? (Just Popular Electronics. The baby's par­ will be possible with microcomput­ don't touch anything - you don't ents, MITS, Inc., named it "Altair ers by 1991, but even by then few want to disrupt the space-time con­ 8800"; it measured 18-inches deep people will have the hardware add­ tinuum, you know!) Now, since the by 17 inches wide by 7 inches high, ons to make some of these applica­ first Apple II wasn't released until and it weighed in at a massive 256 tions possible. Also, despite the 1977, what are we doing back in bytes (that's one fourth of a "K"). power that micros will have in that 1975? Well, to understand how the Called the "World's First Minicom­ year, the ability to carry out more Apple II came about, it helps to puter Kit to Rival Commercial Mod­ than one of these applications "si­ know the environment that pro­ els," the Altair 8800 used the Intel multaneously" will not be not prac­ duced it. In 1975, the microcom­ 8080 chip, and sold for $395 (or tical or in some cases even possible. puter industry was still very much $498 fully assembled). MITS hoped The exaggeration by the authors of in its infancy. There were few "home that they would get about four hun­ the Popular Electronics article can computers" that you can choose dred orders for clones of this baby, perhaps be excused by their excite­ from, and their capabilities were trickling in over the months that ment in being able to offer a com­ very much limited. The first micro­ the two-part article was printed. puter that ANYONE can own and processor chip, the 4-bit 4004, had This would supply the money use. All this was promised from a been released by Intel back in 1971. MITS needed to buy the parts to computer that came "complete" with The first video game, Pong, was send to people ordering the kits (one only 256 bytes of memory created by Nolan Bushnell of Atari common way those days of (expandible if you can afford it) and in 1972. Also in 1972, Intel had gone "bootstrapping" a small electronics no keyboard, monitor, or storage a step further in microprocessor business). This "trickle" of orders device. development and released the 8-bit would also give MITS time to estab­ The IMSAI 8080 (an Altair 8008, and then the 8080 in 1973. lish a proper assembly line for pack­ clone) also came out in 1975 and did The year 1974 saw Scelbi Com­ aging the kits. However, they mis­ fairly well in the hobbyist market. puter Consulting sell what some judged the burning desire of Popu­ Another popular early computer, the consider to be the first commer­ lar Electronic's readers to build and Sol, would not be released until the cially built microcomputer, the operate their own computer. MITS following year. Other computers Scelbi 8-H, based on Intel's 8008 received four hundred orders in ONE released in 1975 that enjoyed lim­ chip. However, it had limited distri­ AFTERNOON, and in three weeks ited success were the Altair 680 bution and due to the designer's ithad taken in $250,000.1 The Popu­ (also from MITS, Inc., based on the health problems it didn't go very lar Electronics article was a bit exu­ Motorola 6800 processor), the Jupi­ far. The first home-built computer, berant in the way the Altair 8800 ter II (Wavemate), M6800 (South­ the Mark 8, was released that same was described. They called it "a full­ west Technical Products), and the year. The Mark 8 used the Intel blown computer that can hold its JOLT (Microcomputer Associates), 8080 chip, but had no power supply, own against sophisticated minicom­ all kits. 3 The entire microcomputer monitor, keyboard, or case, and only puters now on the market... The market was still very much a hob­ a few hobbyists were ever finished Altair 8800 is not a 'demonstrator' byist market, best suited for those their kits. Overall, the microchip or souped-up calculator... [it] is a who enjoyed assembling a computer had yet to make much of an impact complete system." The article had from a kit. After you assembled your on the general public beyond the an insert that lists some possible computer, you either had to write introduction ofthe hand-held calcu­ applications for the computer, stat­ your own programs (from assembly lator. ing that "the Altair 8800 is so pow­ language) or enter a program some­ With the start of 1975 came a erful, in fact, that many of these one else wrote. If you could afford

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 37 the extra memory and the cost of (September 1990), pp. 370-371 sheer weight of the programs and buying a BASIC interpreter, you the choice of peripherals, so the ar­ might have been able to write some (PART2-THE APPLE I) [v1.0::18 gument went,- would make it more small programs that ran in that Sep 91] useful to more users and more prof­ language instead ofhavingto figure itable for more companies. The8080, out 8080 assembly language. Ifyou they liked to say, had critical mass were lucky (or rich) you had 16K of The Apple I: Development which was sufficient to consign any­ memory, possibly more; if you were At the Homebrew Computer thing else to oblivion."1 REALLY lucky you owned (or could club in Palo Alto, California (in Sili­ Another chip, the Motorola con Valley), Steve Wozniak, a 26 borrow) a surplus paper tape reader 6800, interested Wozniak because to avoid typing in manually your year old employee of Hewlett­ it resembled his favorite minicom­ friend's checkbook balancing pro­ Packard and a long-time digital elec­ puters (such as the Data General gram. Did I say typing? Many early tronics hacker, had been wanting to Nova) more than the 8080. How­ computer hobbyists didn't even have build a computer of his own for a ever, cost was still a problem for the interface allowingthem to TYPE long time. For years he had de­ him until he and his friend Allen signed many on paper, and even from a keyboard or teletype. The Baum discovered a chip that was "complete" Altair 8800 discussed written FORTRAN compilers and almost identical to the 6800, while above could only be programmed by BASIC interpreters for these theo­ considerably cheaper. MOS Tech­ enteringdata via tiny little switches retical machines, but a lack ofmoney nology sold their 6502 chip for $25, kept him from carrying out his de­ on its front panel, as either octal as opposed to the $175 Motorola (base 8) bytes or hexadecimal (base sire. He looked at the Intel 8080 chip 6800. Wozniak decided to change (the heart of the Altair), but at $179 16) bytes. With no television moni­ his choice of processor to the 6502 tor available either, the results of decided he couldn't afford it. A deci­ and began writing a version of BA­ the program were read in binary sion to NOT use the 8080 was consid­ SIC that would run on it. A friend (base 2) from lights on that front ered foolhardy by other members of over at Hewlett-Packard pro­ the club. Consider this description of panel. This may sound like the old grammed a computer to simulate the microcomputer "world" as it was story that begins with the state­ the function of the 6502, and in the summer of 1975: ment, "I had to walk five miles to Wozniak used it to test some of his school through snow three feet deep "That summer at the Home brew early routines. When his BASIC when I was your age," but it helps to Club the Intel 8080 formed the cen­ interpreter was finished, he turned understand how things were at this ter of the universe. The Altair was his attention to designing the com­ time to see what a leap forward the built around the 8080 and its early puter he could run it on. Except for Apple II really was (er, will be. Time popularity spawned a cottage in­ some small timing differences, he travel complicates grammar!) dustry of small companies that ei­ was able to use the hardware design ther made machines that would run he had earlier done on paper for the Notes programs written for the Altair or 6800. 2 To make the computer easier 1 Steven Levy, HACKERS: HE­ made attachments that would plug to use, Wozniak favored a keyboard ROES OF THE COMPUTER into the computer. The private pe­ over the front panel switches that REVOLUTION, pp. 187-192. culiarities ofmicroprocessors meant came on the Altair. He also made it 2 H. Edward Roberts and William that a program or device designed sim pie to use a television for a video Yates, "Altair 8800 Minicomputer, for one would not work on another. terminal. (Recall that at this time Part l", POPULAR ELECTRON­ The junction of these peripheral the most common mechanism used ICS, 7(1) (January 1975), pp. 33, 38. devices for the Altair was known as for input/output was a teletype, The article is interesting also in the S-100 bus because it used one which consisted ofa keyboard, type­ some ofthe terminology that is used. hundred signal lines. Disciples of writer, and if you were lucky, a The Altair is described as having the 8080 formed religious attach­ paper tape reader/puncher). Func­ "256 eight-bit words" of RAM. Ap­ ments to the 8080 and S-100 even tionally, it was a television termi­ parently, the term "byte" was not in though they readily admitted that nal attached to a computer, all on common use yet. the latter was poorly designed. The one printed circuit board (another 3 Gene Smarte and Andrew people who wrote programs or built enhancement over the Altair). Reinhardt, "15 Years of Bits, Bytes, peripherals for 8080 computers Wozniak used two 256 x 4 PROM and Other Great Moments", BYTE, thought that later, competing mi­ croprocessors were doomed. The (continued page 43)

38 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 The Hotline service is only for members of the WAP. Please do not call after 9:30 pm or before 8:00 am. AppleSoft Ile Upgrade Apple 11/111 Louis Biggie (301) 967-3977 Morgan Jopling (301) 721-7874 Peter Combes (301) 251-6369 APW Apple 11* Leon Raesly (5 am-5pm) (301) 599-7530 Andy Gavin (703) 734-3049 GENERAL Pascal Leon Raesly (5 am-5pm) (301) 599-7530 Dave Harvey (days only) (703) 578-4621 Michael Hartman (301) 445-1583 Deluxe Paint II Leon Raesly (day.; S am·Spml (301) 599-7530 C and TML Pascal Rich Sanders (703) 450-4371 Ken De Vito (703) 960-0786 Harry Erwin (before 10 pm) (703) 758-9660 GS BASIC Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 ACCOUNTING PACKAGES OPERATING SYSTEMS Multiscribe GS BPI Programs ProDOS 8 and 16 Ray Settle (301) 647-9192 Jaxon Brown (301) 350-3283 Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 TELECOMMUNICATIONS BPI & Howardsoft (Tax) Dan White (301) 449-3322 Dale Smith (301) 762-5158 Otis Greever (615) 638-1525 Print Shop Allan Levy (301) 340-7839 Dollars & Sense Thomas O'Hagan (301) 593-9683 Bob Sherman (305) 944-2111 Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 TCSHelp Home Accountant SPREADSHEETS Dale Smith (301) 762-5158 Leon Raesly (da11: S am·Spm) (301) 599-7530 General Nancy Seferian (202) 333-0126 Quicken (301) 831-9166 Walt Francis (202) 966-5742 Paul Schlosser Gary Hayman (301) 345-3230 MagicCalc/SuperCalc2.0 MouseTalk Apple SSC Dale Smith (301) 762-5158 Leon Racsly (5 am -5pm) (301) 599-7530 Bernie Benson (301) 951-5294 Ray Settle (301) 647-9192 Telecommunications AppleWorks TimeOut Series & Utilities: ProSel Dale Smith (301) 762-5158 Ken DeVito (703) 960-0786 Ray Settle (301) 647-9192 Allan Levy (30 I) 340-7839 Ray Settle (301) 647-9192 Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 Ken De Vito (703) 960-0786 Harry Erwin (before 10 pm) (703) 758-9660 816 Paint/Writ'rs Ch.El Dan White (301) 449-3322 Gary Hayman (301) 345-3230 Andy Gavin (703) 734-3049 TimeOut Series Leon Racslycc1ays; s am·Spml (301) 599-7530 Apple II Hardware Epson printers, hard drives, Morgan Jopling 1(301) 721-7874 Bill Campbell (301) 498-6380 Guy Durant (202) 363-0366 Utilities:ProSel Allan Griff (301) 654-1515 Apple II laser printing Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 AppleWorks Database Bob Sherman 1(305) 944-2111 Roger Burt (301) 424-6927 CROSS-PLATFORM TRANSLATION Morgan Jopling 1 (301) 721-7874 Apple Ill* MS/DOS-Apple-Mac Transfers Milt Goldsamt (301) 649-2768 General Ken De Vito (703) 960-0786 Dan White (301) 449-3322 Paul Campbell (313) 255-6497 WORD PROCESSORS Allan Griff (301) 654-1515 Dave Ottalini (9-10:30 pm) (301) 681-6136 General 3 Easy Pieces Walt Francis (202) 966-5742 COMMUNICATIONS Robert Howe (916) 626-8198 Apple Writer 2 ProTerm David/Joan Jernigan (before 9 pm) (703) 822-5137 Ron Evry (703) 490-1534 Allan Levy (30 l) 340-7839 Steve Truax (304)-267-6429 Dianne Lorenz (301) 530-7881 Ray Settle (301) 647-9192 Word Juggler Leon Racsly (5 am-5pm) (30 I) 599-7530 Tom Linders (408) 741-1001 Talk is Cheap/Pt. to Pt. AppleWorlcs GS Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 J. Carey McGlcish (evenings) (313) 332-8836 Roger Burt (30 I) 424-6927 DataBascs Pascal A.O. (Bill) Geiger (703) 237-3614 DBMaster, Pro lie Dr.Al Bloom (703) 951-2025 Andy Gavin (703) 734-3049 Apple Speller Bob Sherman 1 (305) 944-2111 Letter & Simply Perf Robert Howe (916) 626-8198 dBasc II Leon Raesly (5 am-5 pm) (301} 599-7530 AppleWriter John Staples (703) 255-6955 Mouse Write Eric Sheard (908) 782-6492 dBase ll&lll,Data Perfect. Db Master-PRO Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 Stemspeller Leon Raeslyc.i."' s un-Spml (301) 599-7530 Publish-It! Steve Truax (304)-267-6429 Profiler 3.0 Gary Hayman (301) 345-3230 Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 Ray Settle (301) 647-9192 ScreenWriter II Beagle Buddies HARD DISKS Peter Combes (301) 251-6369 CMC (not CMS) MARYLAND Gene Carter (202) 363-2342 Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 Ray Settle (Annapolis) (301) 647-9192 Word Perfect Corvus & Omninet Scott Galbraith (Frederick) (301) 865-3035 James Edwards (301) 585-3002 Tom Vier 02N-'PM> (703) 860-4810 W. T. Cook (Columbia) (301) 995-0352 Henry Donahoe (202) 298-9107 Corvus Gary Hayman (Grccnbcll) (301) 345-3230 Word Star Leon Racsly (days: .s am-.Spml (301) 599-7530 Lee Racsly (Adelphi) (301) 599-7530 Art Wilson (301) 774-8043 Dan White (301) 540-1070 Sider Apple llGS* Don Avery (Bcthada/DC) (202) 362-1783 Otis Greever (615) 638-1525 Neil Laubenthal (703) 691-1360 LANGUAGES A.O. (Bill) Geiger (703) 237-3614 VIRGINIA General General Kenneth De Vito (Alexandria) (703) 960-0786 Dan White (301) 449-3322 Barry Fox (717) 566-6709 Neil Laubcnthal (703) 691-1360

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 39 Fe bruary_ 1994 Sunday Monday Tuesday ·wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday :!"£ 3!: ::'2: ::;;:: :1 ::r;:: = ::z: !'I 1 I• 2 l•I 3 5 ltl Mac Prefram- 4 Ir! 11 Col1J.11lbia Slice , 1:: mers SI 11 H ~ Game SIG

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:..:.. :..,;; ::====.: ~ ~ 11 Writtri Dtadlint 21 20 1 22 M . . . 23 l ~i ir-- 24 25 AWAP 26 11 amtam mg . A.General Intro to the lrJ YourMac ~ Meeting Mac-Part2 Ill NoVaEdSIG ...._...,. AWSIG = ::z: ::;;;:: ::;;::: :::;;:: = ::ii:: ::>'::: SE 27 E.Ji1ori D

== = Etli1t1r 's Dtadiin< t~I 20 21 22 23 24 25 AWAP 26 1)1A. General Intro to the M aintaining Meeting h; Mac- Part 2 Your Mac lrl ~I lt: AWSIG -~ :z:z JE: :..::::

IH 27 Intro to the 28 29 30 311 1 l'I 11 Mac-Part 3 IIGS SIG -NIH No Va EdSIG

40 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 Unless otherwise noted, call the SIG chairs or Slice officers for Methodist Church; 22 Main Street in Walkersville. meeting information. A list ofthe SIG and Slice chairs is on Game SIG page 4 of every journal. Calendar events in italics are 1st Thursday; 7:30 PM; WAP office. tutorials, workshops, or seminars. HyperTalk SIG Annapolis Slice Meets bi-monthly on the 3rd Wednesday of the odd 2nd Saturday; 9:30 AM; Severna Park Library on McKinsey numbered months (i.e., January, March, May, July, Rd (off Rt 2), Severna Park, MD. September and November) at the Fairlington Community Answering Machine: (410) 923-6748 Center, 3300 South Stafford St., Arlington, VA at 7:30 pm. CrabApple BBS: (410) 553-6929 Mac Programmers Apple IIGS SIG 1st Wednesday; 7:30 PM; WAP office. Normally on the Monday after the W AP General Meeting; 7:00 PM; McLean Gove. Center, McLean, VA (even months) NoVa Education (Ed) SIG Lase Wednesday; 7:30 PM; Walnut Hill Ctr., VA. and NIH (Bldg 31, C Wing, 6th Floor, Conference Rooms), Bethesda, MD (odd months). Call Gary Hayman (301) 345- 3230, for details. Programmer's Interface (PI) SIG Meetins are announced on the Announcements Board of the Apple III SIG TCS. Quarterly on 2nd Saturday; 10:00 AM; WAP Office. QuickTime SIG AppleWorks SIG Every ocher month; 7:30 PM; WAP Office. Meetings at various locations and on various daces. Call Gary Hayman (301) 345-3230, for details. Stock SIG 2nd Thursday; 7:30 PM; WAP office. Columbia Slice 1st Thurday; 7:00 PM. Call for location. Telecomm SIG BBS (410) 964-3706. 2nd Wednesday; 7:30 PM; WAP office. DataBases (Mac) SIG UltraMacros SIG Meetings at various locations and on various daces. Call Gary 2nd Wednesday; 7: 15 PM; Computer Science Corporation, 3160 Fairview Park Drive, Merrifield, VA Oust inside the Hayman (301) 345-3230, for details. Beltway at the re 50 junction). WAP Garage Sale DeskTop Publishing (DTP) SIG June and December. 1st Wednesday; 7:30 PM; PEPCO Auditorium, 1900 WAP General Meeting Pennsylvania Ave. Nw, DC. 4th Saturday; 9:00 AM; Northern Virginia Community Information: Barbara Schull (301) 589-5337. College, Annandale Campus, Community Cultural Center Excel SIG Auditorium. 3rd Wednesday; 7:30 PM; WAP office. Women's SIG Frederick Slice Usually held every quarter on the fourth Thursday of the month at the Pi Office at 7:30 PM. Call SIG Chair, Ann General meeting time, 2nd Saturday; 10:00 AM; United Aiken (301) 530-1990 for details. Notice: Plans change! Anyone with calendar information please call the Calendar Editor, Bill Wydro (301) 299-5267 or Beth Medlin at the WAP office (301) 654-8060.

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 41 The Hotline service is only for members of the WAP. Please do not call after 9:30 p.m. or before 8:00 a.m. Macintosh Fortran Bernie Benson (301) 951-5294 Harry Erwin ,...... ,.,.., (703) 758-9660 MacProject GENERAL Inside Mac Jay Lucas (703) 751-3332 Jon Hardis (301) 330-1422 Tom Wine (703) 683-5871 Norbert Pink (703) 759-9243 John Love Jon Hardis (703) 569-2294 H yperCard (30 I) 330-1422 Pascal Dan White Rick Chapman (301) 989-9708 (301) 449-3322 Harry Erwin (before 10 pm) An &Video (703) 758-9660 Tom Wine (703) 683-5871 Michael Hartman Nancy Seferian (301) 445-1583 HyperTalk (202) 333-0126 SMALLT ALK-80 Borland Products John O 'Reilly (703) 204-9332 Harry Erwin (before I 0 pm) (703) 758-9660 Doug Ferris dayiimc only (800) 826-4768 Tom Witte (703) 683-5871 File Transfer SPREADSHEETS & CHARTS DATABASE PROGRAMS Morr Greene (703) 522-8743 General Fourth Dimension Backfux David Morganstein (301) 972-4263 Bob Pulgino Morr Greene (703) 522-8743 (301) 474-0634 Bob Pulgino (301) 474-0634 Peter Yared (301) 564-1 560 HyperCard Scripting Tom Cavanaugh (301) 627-8889 Jamie Kirschenbaum (n

42 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 continued from page 38 The Apple I: Marketing the parts on "net 30 days" (30 days Let's adjust our time circuits for creditwithoutinterest),andsetthem­ (programmable read-only memory) selves up in Job's garage for assem­ chips to create a 256 byte program 1976, andjump forward in time. By now, Steve Wozniak had completed bly and testing of the Apple I. After (called a "monitor") that looked at marathon sessions of stuffing and the keyboard when the computer his 6502-based computer and would display enhancements or modifica­ soldering PC boards, Jobs delivered was turned on. This monitor pro­ the computers to the Byte Shop. gram could not do much more than tions at the bi-weekly Homebrew Computer Club meetings. Steve Althoughthese "fully assembled" allow entry of hex bytes, examine a computers lacked a power supply, range of memory, and run a pro­ Jobs was a 21 year old friend of Wozniak's and also a visitor at the keyboard, or monitor, Terrell bought gram at a specific address. 3 (The them as promised. In July of 1976 Altair needed these "bootstrapping" Homebrew club. He had worked with Wozniak in the past (they designed the Apple I was released and sold instructions to be entered by hand for $666.66, which was about twice each time the computer was turned together the arcade game the cost of the parts plus a 33% on). "Breakout" for Atari) and was very interested in his computer. During dealer markup. 6Two hundred Apple Because there were no cheap I computers were manufactured, RAMs available, Woz used shift reg­ the design process Jobs made sug­ and all except twenty-five of them isters to send text to the TV screen. gestions that helped shape the final sold over a period of ten months. 7 Consequently, his video terminal product, such as the use ofthe newer Although the Apple I was easier to was somewhat slow, displaying dynamic RAMs instead of older, begin using than the Altair (thanks characters at about 60 characters more expensive static RAMs. He to its built-in ROM code), it was still per second, one character per scan suggested to Wozniak that they get a time consuming process to set it of the TV screen. (This speed would some printed circuit boards made for up to do something useful. Steve be similar to watching a computer the computer and sell it at the club Wozniak would have to type in about communicate via a modem at 1200 for people to assemble themselves. 3K of hexadecimal bytes before baud). It was slow by 1991 stan­ They pooled their financial re­ BASIC was ready to use. He could dards, but an advancement over the sources together to have PC boards do it in about 20 to 30 minutes, but teletypes that could only type 10 made, and on April 1st, 1976 they he almost knew the code by heart. characters per second. The computer officially formed the Apple Com­ The typical user was more had SK of dynamic RAM. You could puter Company. Jobs had recently limited in ability to use BASIC on load BASIC into 4K of memory and worked at an organic apple orchard, the Apple I. To broaden the appeal have 4K left over for your own pro­ and liked the name because "he of the Apple I (and at the insistence grams. It had a video connector, but thought of the apple as the perfect of Paul Terrell), Wozniak designed you had to connect a monitor on fruit-it has a high nutritional con­ a cassette interface. It was mounted your own. You also had to buy the tent, it comes in a nice package, it on a small two-inch-high printed keyboard separately and wire it into doesn't damage easily-and he circuit board and plugged into the a 16-pin DIP connector. The power wanted Apple to be the perfect com­ single slot on the motherboard. The supply had to be connected to two pany. Besides, they couldn't come card sold for $75 and a cassette tape transformers to get 5 volts and 12 up with a better name."5 Jobs ap­ ofWoz's BASIC was included with volts for the motherboard. There proached the owner of a new com­ it. The advertisement Apple in­ was no speaker, no graphics, and no puter store in the bay area called cluded with the card stated, "Our color. There was a single peripheral "The Byte Shop." This businessman, philosophy is provide software slot, and when it was first released Paul Terrell, expressed an interest to for our machines free or at minimal there was nothing available to plug in the Apple Computer (to be known cost." The interface worked, but into this slot. It was entirely con­ later as the "Apple I"), but wanted worked well only with cassettes run­ tained on a single printed circuit only fully assembled computers to ning on expensive tape recorders. board, about six by eight inches in sell. If they could provide this, To further try enhance sales, the size (most hobby computers of that Terrell told them he would order to Byte Shop stores found a local cabi­ time needed at least two boards), fifty Apples, and pay cash on deliv­ used only 30 or 40 chips, and be­ ery. Suddenly, the cost of making netmakerthat made some koa-wood cases for the Apple computer (so it cause it could run BASIC programs (and selling) this computer was con­ it got people's attention.4 siderably more than they expected. would no longer be just a "naked" Jobs and Wozniak managed to get circuit board).8 Interestingly, al-

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 43 d though most of the action in the were not added with the end user 4K, SK, 12K, 16K, 20K, 24K, 32K, micro world was going on in Silicon specifically in mind. Wozniak stated: 36K, or a full 48K. (These sizes were Valley, news of the Apple I made its "A lot offeatures of the Apple II determined by the different ways way east. Stan Veit, owner of the went in because I had designed that three RAM chips, either 4K or east coast's first computer store, Breakout for Atari. I had designed 16K, could be installed). The strap­ bought an Apple I and took it to a it in hardware. I wanted to write it ping blocks were even designed with meeting of the Association of Com­ in software now. So that was the the flexibility ofallowing blank spots puter Machinery. Those attending reason that color was added in first-­ in memory if there were no RAM were quite skeptical that a REAL so that games could be programmed. chips available to fill those spots. computer could fit into a small brief­ I sat down one night and tried to put The first 4K of memory always case; they were sure that the ma­ it into BASIC. Fortunately I had had to have RAM present, since it chine was just a portable terminal, written the BASIC myself, so !just was used by the 6502 processor, the attached by a hidden phone line to a burned some new ROMs with line ROM routines, and the text screen mainframe somewhere!9 drawing commands, color changing display. If, for example, you only commands, and various BASIC com­ had two other 4K RAM chips to NOTES mands that would plot in color. I got install and you wanted to display 1 Michael Moritz, THE LITTLE this ball bouncing around, and I hi-res graphics, you could strap one KINGDOM, p. 123. said, 'Well it needs sound,' and I had chip to the lower half of hi-res 2 Moritz, pp. 124-127. to add a speaker to the Apple II. It memory from $2000-$2FFF, and the 3 Williams & Moore, p. A69. wasn't planned, it was just acciden­ other to the upper half of hi-res 4 Gregg Williams and Rob Moore, tal... Obviously you need paddles, memory from $3000-$3FFF.2 Since "The Apple Story, Part 1: Early His­ so I had to scratch my head and 16K RAM chips cost about $500 tory", BYTE, December 1984, pp. design a simple minimum-chip when Wozniak designed the Apple A68-A69. paddle circuit, and put on some II, not many users could afford them. 5 Frank Rose, WEST OF EDEN: paddles. So a lot of these features Whereas the Commodore PET and THE END OF INNOCENCE AT that really made the Apple II stand the Radio Shack TRS-80 could not APPLE COMPUTER, p. 33. out in its day came from a game, and easily be expanded beyond the 4K 6 Moritz, pp. 138-144. the fun features that were built in they came with, the Apple II from 7 Williams & Moore, pp. A69. were only to do one pet project, which the beginning was designed with 8 Moritz, pp. 147-149. was to program a BASIC version of expansion in mind. 3 The row ofeight 9 Chien, Philip, "Apple's First De­ Breakout and show it off at the expansion slots was another fea­ cade: A Look Back", THE APPLE II club."1 ture about the Apple II that was a REVIEW, Fall/Winter 1986, p. 12. Wozniak added other features strong selling point. Unlike the TRS- (PART 3 -THE APPLE II) [vl.0 :: that he felt were important for a 80 or PET, you could easily expand 21Sep91] computer that was useful, one that the Apple II by simply plugging a he would want to own. Since the card into one of these slots. This 6502 processor could address a total degree ofexpandability made it more The Apple II: Hardware And of 64K of memory, he designed the expensive to build, however. Steve Firmware computer with the ability to use Jobs didn't believe that anyone Moving our time machine on to either 4K RAM chips, or the newer would ever need more than two slots, 1977, we can now look at Steve (and more expensive) 16K RAM one for a printer and one possibly Wozniak's next generation Apple. chips. The firstApple II's came stan­ for a modem. Wozniak knew from Even as the Apple I was completed dard with 4K of memory, and more his experience with computers at and was slowly selling, Wozniak could be added, to a maximum of Hewlett-Packard that computer was already working on making 12K (ifusing the 4K chips) or 48K (if users would always find SOME­ enhancements that would make his usingthe 16Kchips). Specially wired THING to fill those extra slots, and computer faster and more func­ strapping blocks attached to the insisted that they keep the number tional. He wanted to make it display motherboard told the Apple II how at eight.4 in color. He worked· to combine the much memory was present and One problem Apple had to deal terminal and memory functions of where it was. According to the 1981 with was getting FCC approval for the Apple I by moving the display edition of the APPLE II REFER­ the computer. The RF (radio fre­ into main memory, allowing instant ENCE MANUAL, the Apple could quency) modulator that had been screen changes. Many ofhis changes have memory in the following sizes: designed gave off too much interfer-

44 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 ence, and it was probable that the magazine. It was designed to be official source code listing oflnteger FCC would not approve it. (The RF loaded in memory on the Apple I BASIC at Apple. And interestingly, modulator allowed a user to attach from $800 to $9D8 and the routine the only error I am aware of in the the Apple to a standard television could be executed from the monitor. Integer interpreter is one involving receiver, instead of requiring the This early code was quit similar to a single byte. Ifa line is entered that purchase of an expensive computer the disassembler that was later in­ has too many parentheses, the "TOO monitor). Rather than have the re­ cluded in the Apple II ROM. 6 Hav­ LONG" error message is displayed lease of the Apple II delayed for re­ ing an expanded Monitor program instead of the "TOO MANY engineering of the RF modulator to in ROM and color graphics were not PARENS" message.8 get that FCC approval, Apple gave the only features in the Apple II I want to take a short break in the specifications for the RF modu­ that attracted people to it. Having this discussion of the Apple II firm­ lator to Marty Spergel. He ran a Wozniak's BASIC language in ROM, ware to look at some other items small company (called M&R Elec­ available immediately when the that will make further descriptions tronics) that specialized in obtain­ power was turned on, made it pos­ easier to understand. If you are a ing hard-to-get parts that electron­ sible for non-hackers to write pro­ programmer already, you may want ics and computer hackers wanted grams that used the Apple II's color to skip this section, since you prob­ for their projects. Their agreement graphics. An interesting bit oftrivia ably already know this stuff. First allowed M&R to make and sell the about Wozniak's Integer BASIC was we will examine some definitions of RF modulators, while Apple could that he never had an assembly lan­ terms that are commonly known to concentrate on making and selling guage source file for it. He wrote it programmers, but possibly not to the Apple II. Dealers would sell an in machine language, assembling it you. Next will be a brief excursion Apple II with a "Sup'r Mod" (costing by hand on paper: into the realm of hexadecimal, and about $30) if the buyer wanted to "I wrote this BASIC processor, finally a look at the memory map of see the graphics on their color TV. and I wrote a little ALGOL simula­ the original Apple II. Jobs assured Spergel that the tor and got it simulated. It looked First, let's look at definitions of item would sell well, maybe as many like it would work, but I had forgot­ some words that I have been loosely as fifty units a month. (Years later ten to build the machine. I had no throwing around: Spergel estimated that he had sold assembler, that was another thing. about four hundred thousand Sup'r To use an assembler, they figured -BIT The smallest piece of Mods). 5 Other features that that somebody was going to buy this information that a computer can Wozniak (and Allen Baum, who processor [the 6502] to use for a deal with, it is either a "O" (off, clear) helped him with the project) in­ company, and their company can or a "1" (on, set). cluded in the Apple II ROMs in­ pay a few thousand dollars in time­ -BYTE The most convenient cluded the terminal software to do sharing charges to use an assem­ piece of information (for humans) screen text display, expanded Moni­ bler that was available in time­ that computers use. One byte con­ tor functionality, and cassette in­ share. I didn't have any money like sists of eight bits, and ranges from put/output routines. They added the that, so a friend taught me that you "00000000" (0 decimal) to ability to split the screen into differ­ just sort oflook at each instruction, "11111111" (255 decimal). ent sized windows. They also wrote you write your instructions on the -NIBBLE (also spelled "nybble"). a disassembler, which was one of right side of the page, you write the One half of a byte, consisting offour the most important features of the addresses over on the left side, and bits, ranging from "0000" (0 deci­ Apple II from the beginning and a you then look up the hex data for mal) to "1111" (15 decimal). WORD significant part ofits open design. It each instruction-you could as­ Two bytes (or four nibbles, if you allowed ANYONE to view the 6502 semble it yourself. So I would just prefer), consisting of sixteen bits, code that ANY program used, and sit there and assemble it myself. and ranging from "00000000 matched the philosophy of the The [Integer] BASIC, which we 00000000" (0 decimal) to "11111111 Homebrew Club of making all com­ shipped with the first Apple II's, 11111111" (65535 decimal). Not puter knowledge available to every­ was never assembled-ever. There used much in microcomputers. body. In the Apple I days, when was one handwritten copy, all hand­ -BINARY A system of counting Apple was supplying software "free written, all hand-assembled. So we using only two digits, "O" and "1" or at minimal charge", Wozniak and were in an era that we could not (base 2). Computers speak in binary Baum published an early version of afford tools."7 at their most basic level; anything their 6502 disassembler in a hacker's Even to this day there is not an else is translated into binary, so the

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 45 computer can understand it. Examples would be a BASIC or Pas­ (6x256) +(5x16) +(15x1)=45056 -DECIMAL A system of count­ cal program, an assembly language + 1536 + 80 + 15 = 46687 ing using ten digits, "O" through "9" routine to read a clock, or a disk (base 10). Most ofthe Western world operating system. Since software is The same thing can be done in uses this system. executed in RAM, it disappears from reverse to convert base 10 to hexa­ -HEXADECIMAL A system of memory when the computer is decimal, starting by dividing the counting using sixteen digits, "O" turned off. number by 4096, then the remain­ through "9" and "A" through "F" -FIRMWARE The same as soft­ der by 256, then 16. Ifthe number is (base 16). Programmers use this ware, except it is executed from greater than 65536, you need a big­ system as a convenient way of orga­ ROM, and does not disappear when ger power of 16 (and you are prob­ nizing groups of binary numbers. the computer is turned off. Almost ably not dealing with an 8-bitApple -KILOBYTE Abbreviated "K", any software could be in ROM, ex­ II!) Or you can just get a "KB", or "Kbytes", it refers to 1,024 cept programs that modify them­ programmer's calculator like mine bytes. A 64K computer has 64 x selves as they run. that automatically does the conver­ 1024 = 65536 bytes. Next, let's look at hexadecimal sion for you ... -MEGABYTE Abbreviated "M", numbers in more detail. Since com­ When dealing with memory ad­ ''MB", or "meg'', it refers to 1,024 puters deal in binary (base 2), the dresses on an Apple II, we usually Kbytes, or 1,024 x 1,024 = 1,048,576 true language of computers is ei­ designate them as four digit hex bytes. A 32 MB hard disk, the larg­ ther in terms of"O" (oft) or "1" (on). numbers (such as the $B65F ex­ est size volume that ProDOS can However, it quickly becomes cum­ ample above). Numbers less than handle, holds 32 x 1,024 = 32, 768 bersome to refer to large numbers $1000 often are printed without the Kbytes, or 32 x 1,024 x 1,024 = in binary; the base 10 number "458" leading blank ( $400 instead of 33,554,432 bytes. GIGABYTE is "111001010" in binary. So pro­ $0400), and numbers less than $100 Abbreviated "G", "GB", or "gig", it grammers have decided to group are treated the same way ($32 in­ refers to 1,024 MB, or 1,048,576 numbers in such a way as to make it stead of $0032). Kbytes, or 10, 737 ,441,824 bytes. The easy to convert part or all of that Apple II Smartport (which will be number to binary if necessary, but The Apple II: Memory Map mentioned later in this history) can still have numbers (almost) as easy To understand the memory lay­ handle disk devices up to 4 gig in to deal with as our standard base 10 out of the Apple II, consider this size (although the software to handle system. analogy: Imagine a cabinet with six­ that type of size has yet to be writ­ Now, in the familiar base 10 teen shelves, and sixteen separate ten). system there are ten digits, 0 slots or pigeon holes on each shelf -RAM Random Access Memory. through 9. When counting, after you (similar to those found in old roll­ Any data stored in this memory pass 9, you add one to the digit to top desks). Each slot refers to a disappears when the computer is the left of the 9, change the 9 to a 0, specific address in memory on the turned off. ROM Read Only and continue. So, "09" becomes "10", computer, and each slot can hold a Memory. Data cannot be stored in "19" becomes "20", and so on. How­ number between 0 and 255. (Since a this type of memory, but instead it ever, in the base 16 system there byte is eight bits wide, the largest usually contains programs or other are sixteen digits, 0 through 9, and number that can be represented by information that does not disappear thenA through F (representing deci­ eight binary bits is 255 ). The bottom when the computer is turned off. mal 10through15 ). When counting, shelfis row "O", and the leftmost slot -HARDWARE The physical elec­ then, you go 7, 8, 9, then A (not 10), in that row is slot "O". The address of tronic components and mechanical B, C, D, E, F, 10, 11, 12, and so on. that slot, then, is $00. As we move to parts that make up a piece of com­ In the Apple world we have tradi­ the right, the addresses increase, puter equipment. Examples would tionally used a preceding dollar sign $01, $02, $03, and so on to $OF at be the keyboard, disk drive, or tele­ to signify a hexadecimal number, so the end. We then go up to the next vision monitor (also called CRT, or "25" means twenty-five, but "$25" row, (row "1"), and the addresses Cathode Ray Tube). means thirty-seven (2 x 16, plus 5). continue in the same fashion with -SOFTWARE The digital in­ To translate a hexadecimal number $10, $11, $12, and so on as before. structions executed by the computer to decimal, use powers of 16: The sixteenth row is row "F", the in RAM. rightmost slot in that row is slot "F", They may act on the hardware $B65F= (11x16A3)+(6x 16A2)+ (5 and the address of that slot is $FF. that is attached to the computer. X 16Al) + (15X16A0) = (11X4096) + This cabinet has, then, 256 slots ( 16

46 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 x 16), and represents what is called grams, operating systems, and for to be capable of running at various a "page" in the Apple memory. The hi-res graphics. Within this space, memory locations (depending on in cabinet itself has an address (since Woz designated pages $20-$3F for which slot a card was plugged). computers need addresses for ev­ hi-res "page" one, and pages $40- The memory from $DOOO to erything), and this one's address is $5F for hi-res "page" two. $D7FF and $D800 to $DFFF was "00". The full address ofrow"5", slot Page $CO: internal I/O and empty on all early Apple II comput­ "A" on cabinet "00" is $005A. softswitches Pages $Cl-$C7: ROM ers. On the motherboard were two Only the Altair 8800 came with assigned to each of the seven pe­ empty sockets that were available just 256 bytes of memory, so we ripheral cards Pages $C8-$CF: swit­ for the user to plug in their own have to account for the entire 64K chable ROM available for any ofthe ROM chips. The $DOOO-$D7FF memory space that the 6502 chip in seven cards Pages $DO-$D7: empty space was most often used by a the Apple II can handle. There is a ROM socket #1 Pages $D8-$DF: plug-in ROM chip sold by Apple, cabinet sitting on top ofcabinet "00", empty ROM socket #2 Pages $EO­ known as "Programmer's Aid #1." It and it is laid out in the same fashion $F7: Integer BASIC ROM Pages contained various utilities for Inte­ with its 256 slots in sixteen rows. $F8-$FF: Monitor ROM ger BASIC programmers, including This is cabinet "O 1", and on top of The memory space on the Apple machine language routines to .do that one is cabinet "02"; this contin­ II between $COOO and $CFFF was the following: ues on up until we reach cabinet assigned to handle input and out­ "FF" way up at the top. Apple pro­ put. From $COOO to $COFF the space • Renumber BASIC programs grammers refer to these cabinets as was reserved for various soft­ • Append one BASIC program to "pages" of memory. There are 256 switches used to control the dis­ the end of another pages of memory, each with 256 play, and various built-in I/O de­ • Verify a BASIC program that bytes on a page, making a grand vices, such as the keyboard, paddles, had been saved on tape (to confirm total of 256 x 256 = 65536 bytes of annunciators, and the cassette port. it was an accurate save) memory (or slots that can hold a (A soft-switch is simply a memory • Verify non-program data that number, if you prefer the analogy). location that, when a number is had been saved on tape In discussing the memory map stored there, changes something in • Relocate assembly language on the Apple II, we can refer to the computer-such as switching routines to a different location in pages of memory with a hexadeci­ on graphics mode). From $C100 to memory (most would only run in mal two-digitnumberforshorthand $CFFF the space was reserved for one place in memory) if we wish. The general layout ofthe ROM on the plug-in peripheral cards • Test the Apple II RAM Gener­ Apple II memory is as follows: for each of the seven slots. Slot 1 ate musical tones through the built­ Page $00: used by the 6502 pro­ was given the space from $C100 to in speaker Handle hi-res graphics cessor for storage ofinformation that $C lFF, slot 2 from $C200 to $C2FF, from BASIC, including code to clear it can access quickly. This is prime and so on. The $C800 to $CFFF the hi-res screen, set colors, plot real-estate that is seldom available space was special slot-selectable points and lines, draw shapes, and for general use by programmers ROM that was uniquely available load shapes from tape. without special care. for each of the seven peripheral All the routines on the Page $01: used by the 6502 for cards. For example, a program run­ Programmer's Aid #1 ROM were internal operations as a "stack." ning on the card in slot 6 to control written by Wozniak between June Page $02: used by the Apple II firm­ a device could use the $C800-$CFFF 1977 (the RAM test routine) and ware as an input buffer when using space for its own purpose. When April 1978 (program renUmber and the keyboard from BASIC, or when control passed to the card in slot 3, append), except for the mu.sic rou­ a program uses any of the firmware that card could use a program ofits tine, which was written by Gary input routines. own that ran in the same $C800- Shannon. Page $03: general storage area, $CFFF space. This was accom­ The other empty ROM socket up to the top three rows (from $3DO plished by allowing each card to (covering memory from $D800 to through $3FF) which are used by have ROM code that covered pages $DFFF) was never filled by Apple. the disk operating system and the $C8-$CF, and making that space Various third-party vendors sold firmware for pointers to internal "switchable", depending on which ROMs for that socket (or for the routines. Pages $04-$07: used for card wanted to use it. Having this $DOOO-$D7FF socket used by the the 40 column text screen. Pages space available made writing ROM $08-$BF: available for use by pro- code simpler, since it would not have (continued page 58)

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 47 d Another pressing need is for blank (or used) 5.25 inch floppy disks to save the students' creative writ­ ings. Extra floppy disks also come in An Encouraging New Trend: handy when making copies of Apple II public domain and shareware pro­ the Rise of Church-Sponsored grams. After visiting the computer class Computer Learning Centers I spent a few minutes chatting with Mrs. Constance Tate, one of the founders of this project and an ongo­ ing science instructor. Formerly a by Phil Shapiro Science Coordinator for the Balti­ more City Public Schools, Mrs. Tate helped start this project to bring a few months ago I received Some high school students work as greater awareness of math and sci­ a phone call from Vivianne volunteers, too. ence to inner-city students. A Mozon, director of the An emphasis is given to themath She points out that the mission afterschool Math/Science Learning and science curriculum, although stu­ of the project is not just to increase Center at Shiloh Baptist Church, in dents use the supervised homework math and science skills, but rather to downtown Washington DC. In talk­ time to work on language arts and ignite a lifelong interest in these sub­ ingwith her I came to learn about the social studies homework as well. Su­ jects. An important secondary goal is interesting enrichment activities that pervised homework takes place be­ to help students understand how cen­ Shiloh Baptist Church has been of­ tween 3 and 4:15 PM. A fifteen trally important math and science fering to elementary and middle minute break is then given, which are in all of our lives. school students. For the past seven includes a snack and a drink. She went on to explain that the years Shiloh Baptist church has spon­ Between 4:30 PM and 6 PM the goals of the project are not to specifi­ sored afterschool and evening classes twenty or so students are broken up cally urge students to pursue a ca­ for children and their parents. These into two groups. One of the groups reer in math or science. That, she classes are specifically designed to goes to the computer lab; the other says, is a conclusion she hopes the promote learning and awareness in group participates in an organized students will draw on their own. the fields of math and science. math or science activity. When I asked what fields of sci­ My interest in this project was Computer lab activities range ence the instructors tend to empha­ piqued when I heard that one facet of broadly across the curriculum. This size, she answered that instructors these enrichment activities includes past month students have been us­ intentionally cover a broad range of access to 10 Apple lie computers in ing AppleWorks to write letters to a scientific subjects-from life science the church's learning center. Last sister learning center in Soweto, to chemistry to earth science to as­ week I paid a visit to the church to South Africa.Naturally, students also tronomy. Lessons are fashioned to find out a little more about what this make use of drill and practice soft­ show how science can be relevant to heartwarming project is all about. ware, such as Math Blaster Plus. students' lives. The afterschoolcomponentofthe Whenlinquiredabouthowmem­ To help involve parents in the project, which takes place Mondays bers ofthe Washington App le Pi user project, evening classes for children through Thursdays from 3 to 6 PM, group could help support this project, and parents are scheduled. These includes bothcomputerand non-com­ I was told that the lack ofeducational "Family Science" and "Family Math" puter activities. When students ar­ software is one ofthe limitations hold­ classes tend to be very popular and rive at the learning center they are ing back the full use of the computer are held in seven week sessions, three given about an hour's time to work on lab. In many cases the church owns times per year. their homework, under the watchful just one or two copies of commercial It appears that these types of guidance of adult volunteers. The educational software programs. This church-sponsored enrichment classes adult volunteers involved with this meansthatdi:fferentstudentsareforced are becoming increasingly prevalent, project range from retired teachers to work on different programs in any both in Washington DC and in other to retired government workers to un­ given class period-placing an added cities around the country. It behooves dergraduate education students. burden on the computer instructor. computer user group volunteers to

48 Washington Apple Pl Journal February 1994 step forward to lend a helping hand. Alittletechnicalassistanceoftengoes a long way in making the learning centers successful. Other church-sponsored com­ How to Align the puter activities taking place in the Washington DC include the Allen A 143 Micro SCI Drive Community Outreach Center, 2443 Ainger Pl. SE, WashingtonDC 20020. Contact: Reverend Ponce Brown. by Tom Linders Phone: (202) 678-3387. This learn­ ing center offers computer enrich­ ment activities to children on Satur­ oe Dobrowolski (of Apple screw that is at the far right hand days. They have an Apple lie and an Users Group International rear of the drive. Apple /le. J fame) bought an A143 from Ifyou know ofother church-spon­ someone who had moved it from its Step two sored computer learning centers in nice metal enclosure and put it into The optical stop the Washington DC metropolitan an Apple Disk/// enclosure. The end On the left side of the drive rail area, please take a moment to jot result was a bit of jury-rigging and is the optical stop. Before proceeding down a few words to let other mem­ a drive that wouldn't read any disks into the how of the adjustment, it is bers of the club know about what is at all due to a bad write I C as well wise to take a moment to review the going on and of how others might as screwed up head alignment. way the optical stop works. From lend assistance and support. By each my earlier article, the optical stop is of us giving a little time and/or mate­ How Do You Align the A143? activated when a light path is rial support to these projects, our There are four parts to the interrupted by a mechanical device. combined assistance can help boost alignment, and, if done correctly, This signal is "wire ored" into the these projects to new heights. they should result in a reasonable write protect circuit and sensed job. I do not have an alignment disk, during the head retract operation. Contacts: so I used one of my A143 data disks, If the optical beam is cut, then the Mrs. Vivianne Mozon, Director as well as one of Joe's 11/EZP disks. write protect line supplies a signal Mrs. Constance Tate, Co-Founder/ to the computer that causes the Science Instructor Shiloh Baptist Step zero head step pulses to stop. (The fourth ChurchMath/ScienceLearningCenter Verify the problem pulse line is used as a head select Shiloh Baptist Church The best thing to do, if you're line). 1510 Ninth St. NW sure the disk is out of alignment, is To align the optical stop, loosen Washington DC 20001-3318 to read and write from a disk, or at the two screws and push the optical (202) 483-7901 least format and verify a blank disk. stop as well as the head toward the When the drive formats and verifies center ofthe drive as far as they will For those interested in visiting, it reads the bottom side and then go. Put in a disk that has A143 data Shiloh Baptist Church is located the top side. Ifit will read and write on it and try to read from it. I like to about two blocks southwest of the on itself, but not from another disk, use the systems utility "list file" Shaw/Howard University subway then alignment is the problem. option. As the disk tries to read stop, on the Green Line. Use the track 00, it may stop and try real south exit to the subway station. A Step one hard. It will be observed that the longterm volunteercomputerteacher The mechanical stop optical sensor has three stop points, is very much needed. • To start with, make sure that and the best place to try to find step zero has been attempted. If track 00 is when it is right at the (The author takes a keen interest in that has been done and the drive front point of the rear phillips screw computer equity issues. He can be reads and writes on itself, but not reached at (202) 686-5465, or via elec­ head (middle position). tronic mail on GEnie at: p.shapirol; on other disks, then back the If, try as you might, you cannot on America Online at: pshapiro) mechanical stop off a turn or two. get the drive to read track 00, this The mechanical stop is an all en head would be a good place to stop and

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 49 repeat step zero. Put the optical stop just in front of the rear most phillips head screw and tighten the two screws down prior to running step zero again. Notes from the Step three Apple II Vice President The stepper motor If step two doesn't work, and it didn't work on Joe's drive, then the final step will be to move the head step motor slightly by loosening the he Garage Sale was quite an teachers in the county, and am two mounting screws and turning event. I enjoyed seeing many pleased to be getting some real en­ the motor one way and then the T ofyou there, working, buying, thusiasts. The art supervisor will other. Prior to doing this, it is and selling. Since there was not a be paying the shareware fee for all advisable to mark the motor ear December meeting to report on, I teachers that actively use it. It has positions with a pencil, in case you will once again plea for presenta­ revived interest in the GS, which have a strong desire to return to the tion topics and providers for the my immediate supervisor misun­ place you started. As you rotate the months of February through May. derstands, thinking that it was over­ motor, you can see the head et al We have January covered, but need rated. I will continue chipping away move with it. On Joe's drive, it was topicsforthefollowingmonths. Some at the citizens of Loudoun County, a simple adjustment of the motor, ofyou mentioned possible topics, but and am sure that you are doing the and then everything was quite we haven't finalized dates yet. same in your home turf. normal. Now that we all own orphan I hope you caught Karen & Ron Then you should run the machines, we need each other more Evry's article in the current issue of mechanical stop screw back until than ever. Several Apple owning II Alive? It is a comprehensive ar­ the point just about contacts the colleagues have recently called me ticle about using Apple software in moving part ofthe head mechanism. for advice after visiting a local com­ education. Ifyou haven't subscribed I tightened up the screws and puter store and being told that their to II Alive, you may want to con­ then read a Word Juggler disk of machine is: no good, useless, obso­ sider it. I personally like to encour­ mine,aswellasJoe's///EZPdisks. I lete. And being told that software is age all developers and publishers also did this as I finished up each not available, that peripheral hard­ who continue to support the Apple step of the disk reassembly. Then, ware is not available (one woman II. I plan to bring copies of "GS+," prior to shipping it back across the wanted to get a modem for her GS), "SoftDiskGS," "Shareware Solu­ Atlantic, I did a read and write, as etc. I was glad that these people tions," and "II Alive" to the next well as a read and write from my WJ called me for advice, but wonder meeting. Quality Computer's cata­ disk as well as his IIIEZP disk. how many others out there had the log also contains an excellent maga­ This procedure is not for the same experience and didn't think to zine for teachers called "Enhance." faint of heart, but it works, and call or don't kiiow who I am. I I recommend all of these resources. would probably work better for me approached the manager of the This article is short, but Kathryn if I had a decent alignment disk. store, only to be told that his sales­ tells me that there are lots of Apple people wouldn't say such things, articles written for this issue. David Thomas E. Linders that the customer must have mis­ has some items to bring,up in an 12604 Wardell Ct understood, etc. I asked if he ever article that he has written. Check it Saratoga, CA 95070 suggested WAP and was told that out. (seep. 13) 408-741-1001 there are membership brochures under the counter. I gave him my See you at the meeting! card and asked him to refer all Apple users to me. What do you think are Joan Jernigan the chances of that happening? On the positive side, I shared copies of Cheap Paint to the art

50 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 can Apple computers the counter should readabout-3 +l-2 counts. The reason for the negative setting is Disk Cleaning and Speed that the drift is usually in the posi­ tive direction. 2. EDD-This program sets the disk Adjustments drive speed in two ways, one for mak­ ing program copies, and the other for by Tom Linders just everyday use. For the American machine, just set the both drives to original for everyday use, and set as I. Disk Cleaning of is to remove the bottom of your directed for copying. For a European Some people say to clean the disk Disk][ or Disk ]I[ and check the speed model, set the drive speed the same drive heads with some sort of disk with a strobe light. The best strobe I way as for the American models, ex­ cleaner every two or three days. know ofis a neon bulb with 50 or 60k cept set the count about +3 to +4 Some others say to do it once every six ohm resistors in each leg of the little counts (to the right) from the indi­ months to two years. If you are bulb. Not having a bulb,justusearegu­ cated nominal. writing the great American novel, lar lamp (a fluorescent one is better). 3. Copy][+-This program presents then follow the advice of the former, The bottom of the disk hub has a the speed as a measurement of the otherwise, do as the later says. strobe wheel with two tracks, one for 50 period of rotation of the drive. Re­ The next thing is, what to clean Hertz and one for 60 Hertz. In Europe member, period is the inverse of the disk drive heads with. The only use the 50 Hertz track and in America speed. For this program the Ameri­ thing I know of that is reliable is use the 60 Hertz track. The speed is can model should have the speed set alcohol. The question is what kind? good enough when the little bars move to 200 +l-0.1 milliseconds (ms) and There are three general kinds ofalcohol: less than one space in ten seconds. for the European machines, try 199.1 •Rubbing The disk drive speed should be +l-0.1 milliseconds. Remember, you •Denatured set to 300 RPM or one revolution in need to use a version equal to or lower • Isopropyl 200 milliseconds (200 milliseconds = than 4.4 in an Apple Ill. 0.2 seconds = 1/5 second). There are An easy way to set the speed is to Of these three kinds the best is many commercial programs that have a hole drilled into the side ofthe the third kind, isopropyl. Rubbing check this out by just booting a disk disk drive so that disassembly is not alcohol has too much (30%) water, and (sometimes) inserting a blank necessary every time you want to and you are not usually aware of the disk. In order to check disk drive check the drive speed. denaturing agent (the thing that speed the disk usually writes to the The same thing applies as ap­ makes you sick if you drink it) in disk (but not always). plies in cleaning, if you have a prob­ denatured alcohol. In the later alco­ The above programs work just lem give me a call and bring your hol the denaturing agent may be JP- great if you have an American Spec drive to me. Actually the whole com­ 4, l\IBK, etc. I use lsopropyl, 99% pure, Apple computer. An American spec puter is better as sometimes the prob­ that I buy from Longs for $1.23/pint. Apple Computer has a master crys­ lem is not with the drive but with the Also, remember, if the disk drive tal frequency of 14,318,180 Hertz. brains behind the drive. head is very dirty, make sure that the The European computers have a head load pad is also checked tomake master crystal frequency of Ill. General Interest sure it is clean. 14,250,450 Hertz. Not much of a For you Apple][ orlie owners (not If you are having trouble with a difference, but enough to make any lie), I still have a pair ofthose control­ disk drive, bring it to me (after a speed tests rather inaccurate. I shall ler card connectors that will not al­ phone call) and 111 check it out for discuss three programs, Apple Diag­ low you to plug the disk cables in you. The only charge is my cost for nostics, EDD, and Copy][+. wrong. You could be avoiding a di­ the parts involved, which is usually 1. Apple Diagnostics-This pro­ sasterifyouspendacoupleofbucks.• not very much. gram gives a count of plus minus about 100. For the European model Thomas E. Linders II. Disk Speed Checks Apple computers to have their drive 112604 Wardell Ct There are several ways to check speed set accurately the count should Saratoga, CA 95070 the disk speed. The best way I know read+ 13 +I- 2 counts. For the Ameri- 408-741-1001

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 51 a very few seconds to either convert a 140K disk to a DAR file or to create a disk from a DAR file. Yes, I like DAR, and I recommend DAR: Apple /// Disk it. And I sent Bob Consorti his $20 shareware fee, which some take as Archive and Retrieval the sincerest form of flattery. Shall we, gentle reader, take a look at this program? When you boot the DAR by Allan M. Bloom disk, or launchDARfrom Catalyst or Selector, you are greeted with the following main menu screen: AR is Apple /II guru Bob No one in his or her right mind The ''help" key (?) tells you the Consorti's first shareware would post my programs to an on­ following about the program. This D program, possibly the first line service or make more than one program allows you to make archives shareware program ever for the Ill, attempt to download them.Now, with of any non-copy protected 5.25" and it is great for anyone who wants DAR, it is as easy as pie. Maybe even disk. These archives are stored in to exchange Apple 111 software easier. I've never had much luck normal files that you can place on a electronically, whether via bulletin with pie. All I have to do is DAR a hard disk or other large capacity board like WAP's TCS or Ill's boot disk to a file and upload that storage device. When you want to Company or via on-line services like DAR file to an on-line service. make a copy ofthe disk that has been CompuServe, or via the InterNet's Someone who wants to use that disk archived you can easily retrieve it. ftp file transfer protocol archives. needs only to download the DAR By using this program you can DAR archives a 5.25 inch floppy file, run DAR in "retrieval" mode, eliminate or reduce your need for disk into a single SOS codefile for and get a fully functional boot disk boxes and boxes of disks and storage on an on-line service as a for the program. something else. Until now there was binary file. That is its "archive" And DAR is about as good as an no easy way of using a fu.nction.AfteryoudownloadaDAR'd Apple Ill program gets. The user communications program to transmit binary file to your Ill, DAR will interface is stateoftheApplelll art, or receive an entire disk. You ''retrieve" a recreation of the original and then some. It is the first Ill previously had to use Binary II to floppy disk from that file. program I've seen that uses a transmit a file or group of files at a This is a marvelously useful tool "thermometer'' progress bar, instead time and the person who retrieved Letmegiveyouanexampleofwhy. A of a bunch of dots or an odometer, the file had to reconstruct the disk. very personal example. I wrote a fair to show you its progress in archiving Using this utility you can archive an amount of freeware back in the gOod a disk or retrieving a file. But it entire disk to a file, send the file and old days, andalotofitwasdistributed hardly needs it. DAR is an inter­ the other person can retrieve the by user groups, but it all had to be on preter, so it is blazingly fast. It takes disk quickly from the archive. disk. I wrote in Pascal, and much of what I wrote used special library files-home grown, from others like Bob Consorti, and from Apple itself. 03 Archiver/Retriever Shareware Version 1.0 No way anyone could just download (c) 1993 by Bob Consorti: ON THREE, Inc. All Rights Reserved the program. He or she would also have to download the appropriate (1) Archive a disk libraries and wire them together in (2) Retrieve a disk exactly the right way. Adding insult (3) Shareware Information to lltjury, my stuffwas large enough (4) Quit that it often required two disks to boot and load. Most folk don't know Use the Up/Down Arrow Keys to Select. Press RETURN to Accept how to wire up a two-stage pascal boot. And, of course, he or she would Selection : (1) Archive a disk Press ? for Help havetodownloadthedOCUinentation files separately.

52 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 When sending disk archives in thismanneryoumustuseXM:ODEM D3 Archiver/Retriever Shareware Version 1.0 or Binary II in The Communications (c) 1993 by Bob Consorti: ON THREE, Inc. All Rights Reserved Manager (TCM) or other 'Archive a disk' communication programs. Note that the file created by archiving a disk Screen 1: will only contain the blocks that were actuall used by the files on the disk. Highlight the 5.25 n disk drive that contains the disk you want to This will usually compress a 140K archive and press RETURN to select it. disk into a smaller size and save on ->.Dl modem transmission time and costs. .D2 The "Shareware Information" Use Up/Down arrows to highlight, RETURN to select, ESCAPE to exit. key (3) tells you where to send your Screen 2: $20check (cash fornon-USfolk)and what will happen to you ifyou don't. Enter a line of descriptive text about this archive and press RETURN. Bob apparently has Dave Ottalini's cousin Vito (The Knee Breaker) on retainer. Yes, rm just joshing. But ASCIDIF: ASCI Text to DIF Format, Disk 1 of 2 AMB:ll/93 ifyou use DAR and don't pay Bob his $20, your conscience will bother you Screen 3: so badly that a case of shingles is the best you can expect. Why take the Enter the pathname of the file to save the archive to & press RETURN. File selection is available by typing a disk or volume name and pres- chance? Pay up. If Bob finds this sing the Up/Down arrow key. Use RIGHT/LEFf arrow to select/deselect exercise rewarding, there's no telling a file, ESCAPE to exit. OA-DELETE (\) will 'pop-off' a directory level what other goodies might be forthcoming. /PRO/COPY/ASCIDIFl.DAR Archiving A Floppy Disk Let's move on to the functional parts of DAR. The first option from Screen4: the main menu is "(1) Archive a Working...

Disk," and it is the default option. 111111 ______That shows Bob's (and my own) bias as a software creator and uploader Archive was successfully saved to disk. Press ESCAPE to exit. and BBS sysop and such the like. Which yields my first sniggling criticism. In my years of customer service (or whatever they call my day down until the one containing your a tad cryptic. Text helps figure out job), I've learned there are more of disk is highlighted, then press return. what exactly you have. And, in this them than there are of me. I'd hope Couldn't be simpler. case particulary, you the user are there are more DAR downloaders This brings you to another nice told that this is disk 1 - and that than uploaders, so I'd prefer seeing touch. Screen 2 lets you add a line of you'd best have disk 2 to complete ''Retrieve" as the first, and default, descriptive text to your archive. In the set. menu entry. But I quibble. Let's see this case I entered the program name, The next screen asks where to what the archivers are presented a brief description, a notation that it put the DAR file. It uses the latest with. Thereareactuallyfourseparate is disk 1 of a 2-disk set, my initials Apple /// conventions (up/down screens that I've condensed here into (Vanity, thy name is not necessarily arrows and such) to select the one figure: woman), and the date I created the directory in which to store the file, so The first screen asks for the DAR file. The descriptive text line is you don't have to remember the location of the disk to archive. You good for a couple reasons. Apple /// whole path name. Ifyou selected an are given the option of a 140K 5.25 file names can be rather more inappropriate directory (Eye hand inch disk in the inboard (Dl) or first descriptive than those on Messy­ coordination problem?), pressing outboard (D2) disk. Arrow up or DOS machines, but they can still be openapple-delete will get rid of (pop

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 53 oft) the last sub-directory name you reader, should have to use a type least one back.up of every floppy disk entered. Nice touch, Bob. changer utility to get the DAR file whose contents you are fond of. And Once you t.ell DAR whatyou want legitimate. Don't believe me? Ever here is DAR making that easy. You to do and where you want to do it, DAR try to get 3EZP to recognize a don't have to run the program twice. presents Screen 4, telling you that it is printer with a read/write driver? You don't have to use System Utili­ "working'' and showing you by a Probably not. Trust me then. Bob did ties to copy the disk. DAR lets you "thermometer" bar how much of its a "good thing'' when he didn't make make a back.up floppy without hassle. work is done. Once finished, you press youchangethedownloadedfile'stype. ESCAPE to return to the main menu. The system isn't that friendly. Ifyou DAR Wish List Once the DAR file has been downloadDAR.INTERPitselffrom a There is no program I've seen created from disk (Screen 4) press service, you must change its type to that is so perfect that I don't have a ESCAPE to return to the main "sosfile" before the system lets you wish list for future versions. My only menu. If, at this point, you press (4) to use it. gripe about DAR is related to folk exit, you will be asked the following OK, that out ofthe way, let's see that have problems with binary question: what happens when you want to files on the internet. Lot's of folks do. create a floppy disk from a DAR file. It is pretty standard to "ascii-encode" Are you sure you would like to exit? Again, there are several screens that binaries, so the files are straight text. I have condensed into this one figure Text files more reliably navigate the Press Y to Exit, ESCAPE to Return. (see page 55). various nodes of the internet. Mac This is looking familiar, I trust? hasitsHQX(binhex-4)encoding, DOS That is a nice touch. Just in case It is almost the reverse of DAR's and Unix have UU, and the poor you hit the (4) key by mistake. Good archive function. The first question benightedApplelllhasJohnJepson's user-friendly programming practice. (Screen 1) asks for the location ofthe "codefile trans mitter." Remember It could be a real bore to have to re­ source DAR file. Once you impart that puppy? boot or re-launch DAR for mere lack that information, DAR tells you Dr. Jepson did a pretty primitive of eye-hand coordination, yes? everything it knows about the file job. Two separate BASIC programs, you selected and offers to retrieve one to encode and one to decode. Retrieving A Floppy Disk it for you if you press RETURN. If Instead of HQX encoding (each six From Archive you inadvertently requested the bits of input going into a byte of Now let's look at the function wrong file, pressing ESCAPE will output), he went for the ''nibble-to­ that you, gentle reader, are most avoid embarrassment. byte" mode. That doubles the size likely to use-DAR's "retrieve" that Onceyouhaveselectedthesource of the output hexified file instead of turns a downloaded DAR file into a DAR file, Screen 3a asks you to select adding "only'' a third. And of course disk again. By the way, and I assure the drive containing the 5.25 inch you must remember the pathname you this is no small B1W, DAR is not disk as the target file. That drive of the file to be converted. And it is at all sensitive to the ''type" of file must be Dl or D2. Ifyou have put a slower coming than Christmas. you download. You can download via good Apple Ill disk into the drive, I don't faultDr.Jepsonforbeing another kind of computer (Intel­ you'll see the message on Screen 3b, primitive. Back in those days, what Inside, Mac, whatever), a process asking if it OK to replace the else did we have? I would like to see thatis guaranteed to not tagtheDAR contents of that disk. If not, fear not. HQX for the Apple Ill. Maybe even filewith the proper SOS file type, and You'll be invited to format the disk built into DAR. Hoo boy would that DAR doesn't care. Neat! Example: I before proceeding. Good gravy! Did be hot stuff! I sent Bob a copy of the download a DAR file from wherever Bob think of everything? binhex-4 specs. If he sells enough to myMacintosh, which is a tad better Once you get the destination DAR, he might be willing to add that "connected" than is my Ill. I trans fer drive settled, you get the "working'' feature to DAR or write a separate the file to the Ill. System Utilities screen, followed by the invitation to program shows it as an ''unknown" file, type ESCAPE when finished. But here, hex-00. A DAR-created file is of the instead of returning to the main The Bottom Line "datafile" or''binary''persuasion, type menu, DAR offers (Screen 4b)tomake DAR is a great Apple III utility. It hex-06. another copy for you. Hot Damn! keeps our beloved Sara cooking well By rights DAR should not even Gee, I like the way Consorti thinks. into the '90s. I expect the WAP Ill see any other file type, so you, gentle It is always a good idea to have at SIGwillstartloadingitsl/fsCompany

54 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 D3 Archiver/Retriever Shareware Version 1.0 and TCS file areas with DAR'd files. (c) 1993 by Bob Consorti: ON THREE, Inc. All Rights Reserved I know I have already begun loading the InterNet Apple /// archive 'Retrieve a disk' (anonymous ftp to names. wvu.edu, directory public/apple3) with DAR Screen 1: files. DARitselfis at th~t archive site Enter the pathname of the archived file to retrieve and press RETURN. as the straight binary DAR.INTERP :me selection is available by entering a disk or volume name & pres­ file. DAR is that unique program. sing the Up/Down arrow key. Use RIGHT/LEFr arrow to select/desele. It is a standard. file, ESCAPE to exit. OA-DELETE (\) will 'pop-otl' a directory level. Allan M. Bloom, PhD CDP .Ul/ASCIDIFl.DAR 2303 San Marcos Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 Institutional Research, Screen2: Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0433 Archive version: 1.0. Archive was made on: Sunday, December 12, 1993, at 10:31. User supplied description: ASCIDIFl: ASCI Text File to DIF Format, Disk 1 of 2 AMB: 12/93

Press RETURN to retrieve this archive, ESCAPE to exit

Screen3a:

Highlight the 5.25" disk drive that contains the disk you want to save the archive onto and press RETURN to select it. ->.Dl .D2

Use Up/Down arrows to highlight, RETURN to select, ESCAPE to exit.

Screen3b:

Erase the volume /FRED.WHATEVER retrieving this archive (YIN)? y

Screen4a:

Working... Ill...______.

Archive was successfolly retrieved. Press ESCAPE to continue.

Screen4b:

To make another copy of this archive, insert a new disk into the selected disk drive and press 'C' to begin. Press ESCAPE to return to the main menu.

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 55 ',·_, screen files after posting an alert ' ·' . ~ . that you are not loading a fotofile. The tremendous capabilities of Graphics Manager makes printing of Drawing & Printing Graphs high quality graphs easy, plus mak­ ing sizing and positioning of the with the Apple /// printed charts completely control­ lable. Any kind of graph-bar, line, by John Lomartire pie,etc.-producedbyBusiness Graph­ ics can be printed by this technique.

Limit Lines or any Apple/// user faced with Apple/// Business Graphics software. With XY graphs of data, it is Fthe need to prepare graphs, es­ often desirable to generate a curve pecially in quantity or on a regular Printing that represents the input points and basis, there is no better software Business Graphics does provide Business Graphics does permit fit­ than Apple/// Business Graphics, for printing hard copies ofany graph ting of straight lines, parabolas, originally sold (in 1981) by Busi­ but it is a most awkward approach logarithmic curves, and sine waves ness and Professional Software of and probably the software's weak­ to the data. However, once the best Cambridge, Massachusetts. It has est feature. First, the software has fit curve has been generated, it is capabilities that would astound to be modified (or PIK'ed as the often of interest to know, and in many users even today. For ex­ authors say) to fit particular fami­ particular to illustrate, how widely ample, there is no limit on the num­ lies of printers. A special PIK pro­ the points are scattered around the ber of data points that can be en­ gram is needed for this. Second, specified curve. tered because it can use a virtual and even more horrendous, is that Unfortunately, Business Graph­ file approach to store data so you in printing, the axes are plotted ics does not give this valuable statis~ can have as many data points as first, then each point is plotted in tic directly but it does provide all your selected storage disk will hold. the order of its appearance in the infonnationneededforitscalculation. Also, it is the only graphics software tabular entry. Net result is violent Once the data points have been that I have seen that permits fitting printer action. The paper flies back entered, the command List of sine waves to data. Even the and forth as it is positioned for each STATistics will bring up a table of latest MS-DOS or Macintosh soft­ point to be printed. It takes a good information including, among other ware costing hundreds of dollars tractor feed and a sturdy printer to things, the number of point pairs does not do this, as far as I can tell. produce a graph, and even then it is (N); the Standard Deviation (Std Interestingly, this capability can be not nearly as good quality as the Dev-x) of all the X points around used to fit a set of "nested sine same chart on the computer screen. their overall horizontal mean; and waves" to data so that the resultant Alignment of the chart on the paper another Standard Deviation (Std combination of sine curves fits the is also not easy and sizing options Dev-y) of all the Y points around original data almost exactly even are limited. their overall vertical mean. Next, when the data plots are irregular A way has been found around when a curve (Line, Parabola, Log, and/or erratic in shape. (More about these problems. It requires the use or Sine) has been fitted to the data, this technique at another time.) of another piece of software, The a Normalized Standard Error(NSE) A set of data can be shown in the Graphics Manager by Dr Astrahan is shown. The smaller the NSE, the form of bar charts, pie charts, XY and sold by On Three. better the fit. Also available (with diagrams, multiple bar charts, etc. The Graphics Manager was the List CURve command) is the The program will also generate pro­ written to load, manipulate and equation for the particular curve. jections of data to future periods, print Fotofiles. Business Graphics One measure of variability of generate histograms, and more. All SCREEN files are Pascal Data files. individual points about a curve is in all it was a development ahead of It has been found that Business known as the Standard Deviation of its time. Graphics screen files will load yon x, or SD y/x. Without going into Here then, are a couple of points into Graphics Manager directly the math, this value can be calcu­ that may be of interest to anyone and without any alteration!!!! lated as follows: wanting good graphs from their Graphics Manager will accept these

56 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 SD y/x = [NSE] times [Std Dev­ y] times [((N/(N-2))".5)]

Example: Suppose you have entered 25 Basically Organized pairs of points and LI STAT shows N=25, and Std Dev-y = 1.4 for these by Paul Campbell entries. Next you have fitted a straight line to the points and the NSE is shown as .855 with an equa­ tion of Y = 2.65*X + 5.3. ell, I finally decided to get all sic directory on your hard drive. An SD y/x = NSE * Std Dev-y * Wmy Business Basic programs alternate method, when using BOS, ((N/(N-2))".5) organized a little while back, espe­ is to specify the "hello" file as the = .855 * 1.4 * ((25/23)".5) cially after someone mentioned program file and = .855 * 1.4 * 1.043 what an old version of "Menu "BASIC.RTINTERP" as the lan­ = 1.25 Maker" I was using on my Apple II guage file in the BOS menu editor. Usually the standard deviation I (you know who you are!). Menu Next on the agenda was creat­ (SD y/x) is increased by a factor of Maker version 5.0 had already been ing sub-directories for the different two to get the so-called "95% limits". in my box of disks for a little while, groups of Business Basic programs In this example, the equation for so I figured it was about time that such as graphics, utilities, games, the lower limit line would be Y = I put it to use. and screen demonstration pro­ 2.65*X + (5.3 - (2*1.25)) or Y = The only reason for using Menu grams. Ifyou are not familiar with 2.65*X + 2.8; in similar fashion, the Maker 5.0 instead of the newer Business Basic, then you may need upper limit line would be Y = 2.65*X version 6.0 is because ofthe way 5.0 some assistance in rearranging your + 7.8. handles pathnames. In version 5.0 program locations. Most Business Business Graphics can now be you can advance into different Basic programs use internal pre­ used to draw a composite graph subdirectories and then back out fixes that tell the program where to that shows the original points, the one level at a time by pressing the look for certain files. To change the best fit curve, and the lower and spacebar. Pressing ESCAPE takes program prefixes, you LOAD the upper limit curves. Ifproperly done, you all the way back to the begin­ program using Business Basic and almost all the points will fall be­ ning menu. Version 6.0 offers the LIST the program on the screen, tween the two limit lines and the ability to type-in your destination, looking for the common "Prefix" or graph set is now a good visual pro­ but my system gets used by novices ".Dl" comments and then editing jection of the variability (or uncer­ who would be completely lost if them to match the new file locations. tainty) accompanying the chosen they were asked for a pathname. This is not as hard as it sounds, curve. A most valuable piece of With this in mind, I decided that it I managed to perform it success­ information! Extending the upper was worth keeping version 5.0 for fully without prior knowledge of and lower limit lines beyond the the sake of simplicity. Business Basic. Apple/// Business last known values can be of great Basic has provisions for printing a advantage. As each NEW point is The Setup program file as a text file which entered, a failure to fall within the All of the Basic programs were allows you to edit the program in limit lines is an early alert that the moved to a new directory and the your word processor. This is handy system's behavior pattern may be original directory was cleaned out for long programs and you can use changing from what has been es­ (all the files were deleted). Menu the word processor's search func­ tablished from past history. Maker 5.0 was installed under the tion to speed things along. After the Once generated within Business /PRO/LANGUAGES/BASIC/ program has been edited and saved Graphics, this composite graph can subdirectory with the name "hello" as a text file, you can "exec" it from be saved as a Screen file and this and the program itself was modi­ Business Basic then save it as a same Screen file can be loaded di­ fied to include the correct prefix. In program file once again. rectly into Graphics Manager to order for this setup to work prop­ Now came the time to arrange produce an excellent hard copy of erly, you will need copy the all the programs and files under any size and positioned at any point SOS.INTERP file from your Busi­ the correct sub-directories. On the of the page. ness Basic program disk to the Ba- first directory level with Menu

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 57 Maker was placed the sub-directo­ a handful of different fonts look like Apple II History ries for the graphics, utility, and on your display. (continued from page 47) game programs. The programs were Graphic (or Foto) files get more sorted and copied into their correct involved. The image will appear on Programmer's Aid #1 ROM), but directory and another copy of Menu screen with the title in the upper none made enough of an inroad to Maker was added to each directory left hand corner. To get back to the be preserved in the INTBASIC file using the name "Menu". menu, just press any key twice ex­ that would later be included on the Having a copy of Menu Maker cept escape (PLEASE don't ask DOS 3.3 System Master disk. In in each Basic directory may seem where the "any" key is). Before you fact, the $D800-$DFFF space in the like a waste ofhard drive space, but are returned to the menu after view­ INTBASIC file on that disk con­ it works out for the better when ing your selected foto file, you will tains an image of that same space somebody gets lost in basic. If your be asked ifyou want a printed copy. taken directly from the Applesoft program crashes or you terminate The foto file printing process ROM! It is completely useless to the program and get left at the basic consists of choosing a few options Integer BASIC, of course, but disk prompt, just type "run menu" and like centering or rotation before the files being what they are, Apple had you are back in familiar territory. image is printed. You should note tofill thatspacewithSOMETHING! Anotheritem that you will want that your image will be printed in The Integer BASIC interpreter lived to keep in your sub-directories is a the inverse mode because most in the ROM space between $EOOO copy of any invokeable module that people tend to draw with the back­ and $F7FF. However, BASIC only may be needed to run a certain ground set to black and the pen used the space up to $F424. Be­ program. An example of an color set to white. tween $F425-$F4FB and $F63D­ invokeable module is the $F65D could be found a floating­ "BGRAF.INV" module used by The Benefits point math package that was not graphics programs. These The first freedom allowed by used by Integer BASIC, but was invokeable modules are actually as­ this new layout of Basic was the available for BASIC programmers sembly language programs that can elimination ofseveral program titles who were astute enough to figure be accessed by the Apple Ill Busi­ from my main menus. Although the out how it worked. (An early Apple ness Basic language. Again, you can BOS menu selector and Selector Ill user group, the Apple Pugetsound load and list the program to check if take the large menus in stride, it Program Library Exchange, or there are invokeable modules that was refreshing to have my menus A.P.P.L.E., sold a tape and notes by are needed for your program. un-cluttered by the dozens of basic Steve Wozniak they called programs on my hard drive. There "Wozpak", that documented some How Menu Maker Operates are now more than 160 files in my of the secrets of the Integer BASIC When Menu Maker is run, it basic subdirectory that are easily ROM). Between $F500-$F63C there scans the directory and creates a accessed through a single menu item, was code that was known as the menu listing the Basic files, text titled "Business Basic Gateway". "miniassembler", which was ex­ files, sub-directories, font files, and Another freedom is the knowl­ ecuted starting at the ominous ad­ foto files in that order. When all the edge that all my Basic programs are dress $F666. The miniassembler files are listed on the screen, you in the same place, and are available allowed you to enter short machine just highlight the file you want and without 'menu hunting' (or icon hunt­ language programs using the stan­ press RETURN. ing for that matter). If It's in Busi­ dard 6502 mnemonics (the three What happens from here de­ ness Basic, accessisakeystrokeaway. letter codes that referred to a spe­ pends on what kind of file is chosen. Apple 111 Business Basic is one cific type of operation; for example, Basic files are run and text files are ofthe more powerful Basic program­ "LDA #" represented the 6502 allowed to scroll on the screen and ming languages available, that is opcode $A9) instead of entering the printed. Ifa subdirectory is selected, why it was selected as the founda­ program byte by byte in the moni­ the screen will clear and a new menu tion for GS Basic. With Menu Maker, tor. The $F689-$F7FC space con­ will be created from the files in that it is also one of the friendlier ver­ tained Woz's SWEET 16 interpreter. subdirectory (neat huh?). sions around. The last benefit I'm If a font file is selected under going to mention here is one of the To be continued in the March Journal Menu Maker 5.0, the screen display best; Using the Business Basic Gate­ is changed to the new font and the way allowed by Menu Maker lets menu remains on the screen. This me have peace of mind no matter feature is good for finding out what who sits down at my computer!

58 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 The BOS installation of serial number WAP02 went smoothly and it's operation has been flawless. I never did find out why my copy of On The Trail Of Access Ill did not load under BOS, it may have been a bad Access Ill interp The Apple file. I got around it by using the /II invokable Interp module which is several times faster anyway and it by David Ottalini runs fine, which means that those Apple Ill SIG Co-Chairman who use their Apple Ills to access IBM Mainframe applications which require DEC VT-100 emulation with The Garage Sale Communications Manager. I had a IBM function keys, are all set to fly ... was GREAT! Especially since it long talk with Bob about that and under BOS. was the official roll-out of BOS3, he's already started to think about "Bob's Operating System", for our it. We need your input on what Bob 'DARs' to Do It Again SARA. On Three's Bob Consorti you'd like to see. Right now, though, Bob Consorti is one driven man. (who actually did the programming) we're talking about a complete re­ Not only did he continue to work on took the long drive down to Wash­ write that will provide Zmodem ca­ improvements to BOS3 right up to ington to be part of the festivities. pabilities, page scrolling, off-line the point of leaving for DC from Paul and Anieta Campbell and their text editing, VT 100 emulation ( & Massachusetts, he also had time to kids also made the trek from Detroit. possibly others), the ability to use write an entirely new program! OK, so we didn't pop any cham­ higher speed modems and a much Called "DAR" for Disk Archival and pagne. But it was with a feeling of more friendly user interface. Some Retrieval, it essentially creates a victory that we all watched over macro capability would also be nice. "disk mirror" binary II single-file Dave Jernigan as he had the honor of Now is the time to make your image of a 5.25" disk side. The pur­ being the first SIG member to "offi­ feelings known, as we'll discuss this pose- to make it very much easier cially" load BOS into his Ill. It was at the SIG meeting next month to upload and download numbers of duly recorded for posterity on video (March 12th at lOam). Hopefully, by files on the TCS, CompuServe, even tape! We sold six copies of BOS3 that time, we11 have all the BOS3 computer to computer. during the day, while preparing the disks sold and can make a commit­ DAR is a first for Bob­ other 24 copies for sale. Thanks to mentt.ogoforwardwith thenewproject. shareware. He's asking for a $20.00 WAP Office Manager Beth Medlin fee in return for using the program. for all her assistance with this project! Paul's Turn We've already placed it into the WAP Afterwards SIG members got Bob so It didn't take Co-Chair Paul Ill SIG PD and also on the Ills Com­ filled with pizza he didn't eat again Campbell long after returning to pany, WAP BBS as well as until lunch the next day! Detroit to make his own comments CompuServe. Dr. Al Bloom has also Yup-it was heaven for us about the Garage Sale, as he related uploaded it to the Apple Ill Internet SARAsaurs-the culmination of on theTCS: address. Our PD version comes more than a year's worth of work. Well it was an interesting trip complete with a manual-on-disk (put But I'd like to look on this as the this time. I bring stuffto the garage together by yours truly) and the beginning and not the end. We still sale and end up leaving with two self-booting program. Be sure to see have a lot ofthings to do, projects to MORE computers. Had lots of fun the DAR review from Dr. Al Bloom accomplish. Many of you, through anyway, it was great seeing every­ in the Journal. In the meantime, I your continued interest and finan­ one and meeting Bob face to face for couldn't resist giving you a taste: cial support, will make that pos­ the first time. One disappointment "I am properly impressed with sible (and yes, we're still taking was the lack of a scheduled or orga­ DAR as is. It is dead solid perfect for donations to the SDF!) nized demonstration time for BOS, distributing my old freeware that As previously mentioned, once we need to think of some way to get invariably came on a Pascal boot all 30 copies of BOS3 are sold, we'll the word spread that does not cost disk (mostly two-stage, even) with move on to develop a new version of big$$$$. all kinds of files. Without DAR, there'd be no way to put my toys on a

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 59 BBS or an ftp site. With it, and with Sooooo .. we ran the BBS off a 5 MB able with their prices. They have a a hexification scheme, the job can be Profile for a few months until we good stock of older Apple parts and done easily. Thanks for DAR, Bob." could find a solution. supplies along with books and manu­ It's great to have Dr. Bloom back It came, once again, in the form als." in print: his reviews, articles and of Bob Consorti. He took the drive other Apple/// offerings (they are all home with him to Harvard along Apple Ill Resources in our PD) provide users with a with the offending software. Two Apple Technical Support wealth of information unmatched days later, he had it all figured out 1-800-767-2775 elsewhere. and had rewritten the software to Bob Consorti take care of the problem. 179-B Kent St. The Apple Ill and Internet With that figured out, we now Brookline, MA 02148 It had to happen-and now it have the ability to offer you all of (617)-731-0662 has! The Apple/// is part oflnternet the original/Ifs Company files along On Three c/o Joe Consorti -courtesy of long-time Ill user Jeff with a number of WAP files too. 1174 Hickory Ave. Fritz at West Virginia University Thanks to the donation of another Tehachapi, CA 93561 (now we just need to get him to 20 MB drive by Frank Freeman at (805 )-822-8580] become a member ofWAP). Thanks Sleepy Hollow Corporation, we look Sun Remarketing to Dave Jernigan, Bob Consorti, forward to bringing another 20 MBs 1-800-821-3221 Paul Campbell and I have been offi­ on line for use with the BBS (actu­ The Lisa Shop cially added to the"Apple/// Discus­ ally, Sara can only see disks up to 16 916-668-5637 sion Group." His Internet address MBs in size, so this one will also PO Box 969 Woodland, CA is: [email protected], have to be partitioned). A little re­ 95695 while the group is located at: working of the software will also be Tom Linders [email protected] required to make this happen. 1-408-741-1001 The latest problem? What type Next month, I hope to offer you 12604 Wardell Ct. Saratoga, CA of cable do you need to hook up a a separate article on/Ifs Company­ 95070 Ill and a Mac to transfer files. One what it offers and how to use it. It Allan M Bloom, PhD CDP respondent put it this way: really is a great resource that you 2303 San Marcos Street A standard cable is fine, but should try to take advantage of if Blacksburg VA 24060 you'll want to use a modem elimina­ you have a modem (and shame on Internet: tor (or get a cable that does that for you ifyou don't!). The number again [email protected] you)-they're pretty easy to find, is 301-593-0024, and it's free access and some kind soul might just let save for your phoneline costs. One you borrow one if you're just going advantage Company users have­ to do a one-time-only hookup. Be they get access to my Trail articles sure to up your baud rate in Access more than a month ahead of publi­ Ill and your Mac telcom program­ cation in the Journal! no sense in doing this at 2400 baud! We are thrilled to be able to have West Coast Repairs another source to spread the news Sarasaur Frank Thompson re­ about the Apple/// and WAP. Watch ports a good place on the West Coast for more news about the Ill SIG and to getApple///s, parts and service is: Internet in the months to come. The ACC (Apple Resource Cen­ ter): //Is Company-WAP 1014 Central Ave. By the time you read this, we Tracy, CA. 95376 hope to have had our 20 MB hard (209)-832-4300 : Info/Support disk up and running for more than a (209)-832-3270 : Fax month! As you may remember, Ed (800)-753-0114 : Order Line Gooding donated the drive for use with Ills Company when he transferred it to Frank says they are "friendly WAP.Butsoftwareproblemsprevented and helpful as well as being reason- us from getting it to operate properly.

60 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 is where the action is. Press 6. The screen will display a series of 12 hexadecimal numbers. For complete Apple Ill To Mac, information on what it all means, see pp. 118-122 in the A/// Standard De­ The Hard Way vice Drivers Manual. Here's how I set mine up: 0: OA (2400 baud) 1: 22 (7 bits, one stop bit, odd parity) 2: 00 (no by Mike Lee, University of Oregon carriage-return delay) 3: 00 (no line­ ([email protected]) feed delay) 4: 00 (no form-feed delay) 5: 80 (XON/XOFF protocol) 6: 13 (XOFFcharacter)7: ll(XON charac­ mother has used an Apple multaneously.) After booting, you'll ter) 8: DF (maximum buffer) 9: 84 Wfor address lists and corre­ see the Main Menu. Select "S" (Sys­ (minimum buffer) A: 00 (not appli­ pondence for about tenyears. tem Configuration Program, or SCP). M cable) B: 00 (software handshake) When I sold her my Mac LC, part of Select "R" (Read a Driver File). The Press ESCAPE to return to the the deal included transfering her old driver file is like a Mac extensions parameter list, ESCAPE to return to files t.othenewcomputer. It's notimpos­ folder. When you boot the A///, the the driver list, then ESCAPE again sible, but it requires a bit of patience. computer searches the to return to the SCP menu. Although good All/ file-transfer "SOS.DRIVER" file for configuration Select "G" (Generate New Sys­ programs exist, I was not in a posi­ information, including disk drives tem) to compile the results. The pro­ tion to use them. (Ifyou have Internet and the monitor. gram will ask for a new driver file access, you can get more information The screen will likely read ".D 1/ name. You can update the boot disk from the Listserv discussion group SOS.DRIVER". The All/ uses com­ you're working on, or another. (I saved APPLE3- mand-line naming conventions. Any­ the new driver file to a separate pro­ [email protected], or FTP thing with a period designates a vol­ gram disk, for example.) Press RE­ toNAMES.WVU.EDU.)Whatfollows ume or peripheral (.Dl and .D2 for TURN to save the file, ESCAPE to is the bare-bones method. disk drives), followed by a backslash return to the SCP menu, then Q to You'll need a $15 Mac-to-Hayes and file name. If you want to work quit to the main menu. cable (25-pin D-connector, software with your boot-disk driver file, press You are now ready to transfer handshake), a $5 null modem plug RETURN. Otherwise, type in another text files to the Mac. Attach the cable (also called a "modem eliminator " file name. ' to the Mac's modem port (the phone available at Radio Shack), a Mac The program will now load the symbol) and to the A///'s Port C, using modem program (I used Z-term drivers into memory. You'll likely see the null-modem plug. Set the Mac shareware), and two A/// system disks: ".PRINTER", ".CONSOLE", and so modem software for 2400 baud, 7 "System Utilities" and "System Utili­ on. You also should see ".RS232". If data bits, one stop bit, odd parity, ties Data." You may want to buy a not, you'll need to add it from the XON/XOFF protocol. (The All/ can few blank 5-114 inch double-density System Utilities Data disk. Insert transmit at 9600 baud, but I found disks as backups. the disk, type ".Dl/RS232.DRIVER" 2400 sufficient for my needs.) Make The concept is simple: Make the and press RETURN. The serial driver sure it's ready to receive. All/ "print" text to the Mac instead of will be added to the list. Reinsert the From the All/ Main Menu, select a printer. You'll have to strip out the boot disk and press ESCAPE to re­ "F" (File handling commands). For a paragraph marks at the end of each turn to the SCP menu. directory of a given disk, select L line, but at least you won't have to Select "E" to edit a driver, then (Listfiles). Totransfertext, select"C" retype everything from scratch. select the number ofthe .RS232 driver (Copy files). Type the name of your What you'll be doing is modifying on the list and press RETURN. The file, then press RETURN. Next, type the Al/l's serial-port driver (called driver parameters will be displayed. ".RS232" as the destination and press ''RS232")t.ofeedinformationtotheMac. Item 2 (Device Type) should have a RETURN. (To see it on the A/// screen These instructions presume a single­ value of $63 (Char, Read, Write). If first, type ".CONSOLE".) Your text drivesystem;ifyou'reworkingwith two not, press 2, type "63", press RETURN, should appear on the Mac screen. If drives, type ".D2" where appropriate. then ESCAPE to the parameters list. not, double-check your driver set­ To begin, slip the System Utili­ Item 4 (Driver Status) should tings and Mac settings. Have pa­ ties disk into the A/// and tum on the read ACTIVE. Ifnot, press 4, type "A", tience-it only took me a dozen tries machine. (If at any time you need to then ESCAPE to the parameters list. to get it right. reboot, press CONTROL+RESET si- Item 6 (Configuration Block data)

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 61 so that each disk has more value. Value Paks are available for the LaserWriter Fonts, TrueType Fonts, Miscellaneous Utilities, System Utili­ Macintosh Disketeria ties and Fun and Games series. We expect to issue most future Value Paks in five or ten disk sets. by Dave Weikert Miscellaneous Utilities I revised the Miscellaneous Utili­ ties this month; the new collection New Disks It also displays the face set as body now extends through Disk #15.15C. here are sixteen new disks this text so you may determine its suit­ The disks are divided into three T month; fifteen Miscellaneous ability and color at normal body sizes. groups which are also available as Utilities series disks and one Apple Nancy used the program the ValuePaks. System Software disk. Descriptions TypeBook to create each page. She The first five disks-Mac Disks of the files on the new and revised had to install each font in her #15.0lC through 15.05C-include a disks are included below. computer's System, then run the collection ofclocks and timers, calcu­ TypeBook and then print the font. lators including loan amortization Disketeria Mailing Kudos Unless you have done this before, you and interest calculators and label We had an excellent response from cannot imagine how much work this programs including disk cataloging the November Disketeriamailingand is for the over 250 PostScript fonts in and labeling. Mac Disks #15.06C orders are still coming in. Jon Hardis our library. Thanks Nancy, our mem­ through 15. lOC include programs for initiated the idea, developed the flyer bers appreciate your efforts. personal management including ad­ and coordinated the printing and dress and phone books, calendars, mailing. Members of the TCS Com­ Errata job scheduling, tracking and remind­ mittee and other volunteers stuffed Last month I neglected to credit ing utilities, area and ZIP code lookup and sealed the envelopes on a Satur­ Rick Zeman for adding On-line Bible and programs to encrypt, decrypt day the week prior to the Garage version 2.04 to our Disketeria collec­ and destroy files. The last five-Mac Sale. Helpers included Lorin Evans, tion. Rick responded to a problem we Disks #15.llC through 15.15C-in­ Paul Schlosser, Jon Thomason, Dale had with corrupted documentation clude an eclectic collection ofapplica­ Smith, Dave Harvey and Bill Wydro. in On-line Bible version 1. When he tions as you will see in the descrip­ There was even one person who was unable to obtain a valid older tions following. showed up at the office for other version, he located and uploaded the All ofthe files in the Miscellaneous reasons but stayed to help-he left 24 disk version we added to the Utilities series are compressed with before I got his name. Thanks to all of Disketeria last month. Stuffit so you receive more value per those who volunteered. The System Utilities Disk series disk. These disks are available for identified as revision D (16.:XXD) purchase individually at the normal Typeface Reference Book should be revision E (16.XXE). The Disketeria price or as Value Paks of NancySeferianhascreateda Type­ disk order form did not get updated five disks in each Pak for $15 per set. face Reference Book (Type Book) for from the prior month; it should have all ofour Mac PostScript fonts. Since reflected the revision of the System Apple System Software many ofthe PostScript fonts are also Utilities (15 disks; 3 Value Paks) and I updated Apple's System Enablers available as TrueTypefonts, the Type the On-line Bible (24 disks, 4 sets). Collection disk this month. The origi­ BookalsocoverssomeoftheTrueType nal disk was issued this past summer fonts. The Type Book will be main­ Value Paks and Apple added a number of new tained in the office and a copy will be We are continuing to develop spe­ Macs requiring new or revised Sys­ available for your viewing at meetings. cial sets of disks that we call tem Enablers since then. The disk A Type Book helps you select type­ Disketeria Value Paks. We got the includes an installer which will in­ faces by demonstrating the attributes idea for this from the Best of the Pi stall the System Enablers on the of each face on a printed page. The disk series which have been popular original disk. The new and revised sample page shows all of the upper with our members. The files on the Enablers must be manually installed; and lowercase letters in various sizes. Value Pak disks are all compressed I have included instructions on how

62 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 to do this. integrated within a text editor. The Dater 1.1 /.sit: By Cortex Software. Youneedallofthe System Enablers list of built in functions may be Allows you to look up any date from ifyou want to create a 'universal' boot extended by writing programs and 1600 a.d. -2200 a.d. Dater READ ME functions in Pascal, FORTRAN, Basic is in text format. Shareware - $5. (startup) disk-that is, a hard disk or C (only a subset of features are that you can use to start up any EyeClock 1.1 f .sit: Eiji Nitasaka. A implemented for each language). Files functional clock with colored eyeballs Macintosh (except 128K and 512K in AxoCalculator Documentation are that follow the cursor. EyeClock 1.1 Macs) with System 7.1. This disk is in text format. Read Me is in text format. expected to be of use to anybody who Bitwise 1.3.0 f .sit: By Eric Curtis. A Icon Clock 1.3 f.sit: By Richard needs to have a hard disk that can be versatile and easy to use calculator Michaud. A clock application that used with any Mac. specificallyforprogrammers. Features shows you the time and the date in an System Enablers are used with Reverse Polish Notation (RPN); integer LCD/LED appearance. ReadMe • newer Macs (LC Ill and later) so that arithmetic in Hexadecimal, Decimal, Icon Clock is in text format. Octal and Binary; number base Apple does not have to revise the Shareware -$5. conversions, word sizes of8, 16 and 32- invisotime 1.2 f .sit: By Gregory Babior. operating system each time a new bits; carry and overflow flags and other Mac is released. The model specific Switches files you select from visible to useful features. Bitwise Manual is in invisible and back at times that you changes to the operating system are TeachText format. Shareware-$10. may specify. about invisotime 1.2 is included in each System Enabler. Burbank v.1.1.1.sit: By Kelly Burgess. in text format. Shareware.:.. $5. Displays the time for up to four time DISK #15.01C- MU 1 zones on either analog or digital clocks. DISK #15.02C- MU 2 MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES If you name one of the time zones MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES Unstuffit.sea: By Raymond Lau and Burbank, that clock will not display Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk Aladdin Systems, Inc. Decompress the correct time-just as the Burbank #15.0lC. (unstuft) archive files (including those clock on the TV show 'Laugh In.' FastLabel 3.1.Ssw f .sit: By Henry on this disk) created with Stuffit Burbank Read Me is in TeachText Carstens. Permits you toprinta variety Classic, Stuffit Lite and StuffitDeluxe format; GettingMoreClocks.txtis in of labels quickly and easily. Includes programs. text format. standard templates for mailing, disks, AJ's Clock 1.2 f.sit: By A J. Mas. A CalculatorII 1.23 f .sit: By Joe Cicinelli. VCR, and other label formats for simple clock that runs in a window in A color multi-function calculator that LaserWriter, ImageWriter and color or black and white. Works in the includes trigonometric functions, DeskWriter printers. You may also background if you are running functions for base 10 and natural create your own templates and save MultiFinder or System 7. READ ME, logarithms and their inverses, a them for later use. This program is please is in text format. memory function for temporarily worth at least five times the shareware Amortization 4.0 f.sit: By David B. storing values. All of these functions price. QuickStart! is in text format. Reynics. Enter the loan amount, can be invoked from the Apple Shareware - $10. interest percent and number of Extended keyboard (F5 - F15). How Many Days••• ? l.2f.sit: By Robert payments and the program calculates Calculator II 1.23 ReadMe is in Howe. Calculate the number of days loan payment and prints a depreciation TeachText format. between any two dates or calculate the schedule to printer or screen. CalculatorXLS2.l.sit: By Michael Ross date given a date and a number of Amortization.Dox is in text format. McKee. A black and white or color days. Good from the year 1 up to and Shareware - $15. calculator that is System 7 awars, including the year 4000 for Julian and Ascii Changer 2.1 /.sit: By Cortex calculators and includes basic Gregorian calendars. Documentation Software. Gives you the ASCII value trigonometric functions. Calculator

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 63 Invisible Clock 2.0-Female f.sit: By clock with an alarm feature. You may is in text format. Shareware - $80. Chris Holmes. Two small applications change the font, size and style as well Meeting Clock 1.0b f.sit: By Stephen that announce the time between hours as modify a number of other W. Chapel. A clock to keep track of as you specify-every hour, half-hour characteristics. meeting costs; you enter the number of or quarter-hour. About Invisible MacAmortize 1.2 f .sit: By Charlie people and their average salary. Clock 2.0 and other documentation Moylan. Create amortization MeetingClock 1.0b.txt is in text are in TeachText format. For System schedules from data you enter and format. Shareware-$10. 7 .0 and later; does not run on Mac printthemorsavethemtodisk. Unique MIGHTYcalc 1.0 f.sit: By Andre Plus, SE or Classic. features include an ability to show tax Ouimet. A calculator designed to deductible interest and the effect of perform computations on very, very DISK #15.03C- MU 3 inflation. READ ME is in text format. MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES large integers (thousands, hundreds of Shareware -$15. thousands ofdigits). Itis programmable Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk MacLoan II 1.3s.sit: By Robert K. and offers features not found on most #15.0lC. Valentine, Jr. A loan calculator for calculators: Fibonacci numbers, It's Just a Clock 1.0a20 f .sit: By Pete simple loans; it calculates a schedule of factoring (to find prime numbers), Helme. Another of those ubiquitous payments based on principal, interest Greatest Common Divisor (GCD), and clocks; this one permits you to choose and term and loan origination and many more. Documentation is in Word analog or digital format and to select first paymentdates.Shareware-$20. and TeachText formats. font, size and style. " •.A Clock" Read Master Scan 1.1.2+ f.sit: By Joseph MXMClock 1.0.1.sit: By Matthew Xavier Me... is in TeachText format. Laffey. A calculator that determines Mora. A menu clock that requires Lat/Long Cale 1.0c f.sit: By Brian scanning resolution based on input QuickDraw. Williamson. A utility for plotting and size and output size or percent NoName Clock vl.2a f .sit: By Trygve calculating latitude I longitude enlargement and line screen and Inda.Displays eight clocks in a small coordinates using map edge quality factor (halftones) or output window each with a selectable time measurements and the data contained resolution (film recorder). Read Me! zone. Read Me vl.2a is in TeachText on every USGS 7 .5 minute topographic 1.1.2+ is in TeachText format. For format. Shareware - $20. map. Doc. Lat/Long Shareware is 68020 and higher CPUs. Shareware Ouch!!.sit: ByJamesH.Moore.Anincome in text format. Requires System 6.0 or -$12.50. tax calculator based on your estimates of later. Shareware - $20 for full MathPad2.1.5 f .sit: By Mark Widholm. Adjusted Gross Income, Itemized featured version. Ageneral purpose scientific calculator Deductions,Netl.nngTermGain,Number Loan 1.0 f.sit: By L. Feng. A flexible that uses text input rather than a of Exemptions and Filing Status. program that permits you to calculate graphic simulation of a hand held PCalc 1.0.2 f .sit: By James Thomson. A amortization schedules for a variety of calculator. This allows you to see and programmable scientific calculator with loan input data for conventional and edit your entire calculation. all the expected functions. It also ARM type loans. Loan MathPad.doc and others are in text includes many weights and measures Instruction.txt and Loan Reg format. conversion functions as well as decimal, Form.txt are in text format. hexadecimal and binary mode Shareware - $15. DISK #15.04C- MU 4 MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES conversions. PCalc • Read Me First Loodle™ 5.3 f .sit: By Josh and Nick is in TeachText format. Franco. Create labels for 3.5 inch Mac Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk Post Cale 1.0 f .sit: By BrianD. Barnhart. disks in any of a variety of formats of #15.0lC. A simple four function post-fix commercial label stock. Just pop the MacClock 1.0 f .sit: By Ernst Mulder. A calculator; post-fix is sometimes called disk into the drive and Loodle creates Macintosh equivalent for the UN*X Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) and is a label with disk name and files. xclock. It is resizable, and remembers the scheme used in the popular HP LoodleList is a HyperCard stack for its position. MacClock 1.0 read-me calculators. Post Cale 1.0 Read Me is searching the lists produced by Loodle. is in text format. in WordPerfect format; Post Cale 1.0 LOODLE 5.3 Doc is in double Maclnterest 2.0.sit: By Dan Cripe. An Read Me text is in text format. clickable DOCMaker format. easy to use calculator for Loans, One Shareware - $10. time investments and Periodic Sci Cale 1.2 f .sit: By Steven R. Costenoble. An algebraic entry investments. Mac a £oan 3.2 f.sit: By Coconut Info. scientific calculator with standard Calculates details of a loan from input MacLibrarian 1.5.5 f.sit: By Epsilon scientific functions as well as one­ information such as loan amount and Systems. Adiskmanagementanddisk variable statistics functions. SciCalc interest rate. Doesn't provide for labeling program. Find files across 1.2 doc is in TeachText format. printing until registered. READ ME­ multiple disks. Create labels for your Shareware - $10. Mac a£oan3.2 isin TeachTextformat. library of disks by drawing a template Shareware - $20. and then letting MacLibrarian fill in DISK #15.0SC- MU 5 MacAClock 2.0 f .sit: MacAClock and the areas such as disk name, file name MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES BWMacAClock. By Zikif Hamdy. and more. MacLibrarian Doc 1.5.4 Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk Color and B& W versions of an analog is inWordformat. Otherdocumentation #15.0lC.

64 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 Star Trek Clock 1.0 f.sit: By Roger What Day? 1.1 f .sit: By David T. which provides an Analog clock and 15 Caplan. A digital clock in a resizable Haberly. A simple calculator program alarms with messages. ***Read Me window; it includes alarm and which determines the day of the week is in text format. shutdown functions. Read me is in for any date since 1700. WhatDay?l.1 Area Codes 1.0.sit: By Dave Rubinic. double clickable DOCMaker format. docs is in text format. Shareware - Enter the area code, press the return Requires 256 color or grayscale. Tested $5. key and see the state. with System 7 .0 and later only. DISK #15.06C- MU 6 AutoAddress 2.01 f .sit: By J. StopWatch 1.2 f .sit: By Nicholas MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES Serdakowski. Multi-user contact Buchhahl. A timer to time and compare management software with extensive applications, procedures and Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk #15.0lC. reports, form letters and import/export programs; it can also be used as an features. Written in FoxBase+ Mac. event-logger. StopWatch Read.Me is AddressBook3.6.6f .sit: By Jim Leitch. This is a phone list and dialer in DA Read First is in text format. in text format. Shareware -$29.95. TalkingClock 1.0 f .sit: By David Peck. and application formats. Select name and double click to open record and Burn-It 1.0 f.sit: By Michael Watson. Move the mouse to the lower-right Destroys any file by first overwriting hand comer ofthe screen and the Mac choose one ofthree telephone numbers to dial automatically. Files can be its contents with zeroes and then will tell you the time. Read Me! is in renaming and deleting it. Overwrites text format. exported. Installation is in text format. System 6 MultiFinder and data and resource forks. Burn-It 1.0 TapeLabeler4.0b3f.sit: By Johnathon System 7 compatible.Shareware-$30. doc is in Word format; Burn-It 1.0 Z. Simon. A real winner for tape text is in text format. cassette fans. Prints professional AlarmBook™ demo f .sit: By Neptune Systems. Create custom alarms (in Calendar 2.5 f.sit: By Jim Studt. A looking cassette labels on the monthly calendarthatcan show either ImageWriter or LaserWriter. There is the commercially available version) that play audio and/or visual messages five or seven days of the week. You space to type two artists, two album may create notes in any font, size and titles and 30 songs, plus noise reduction at periodic intervals. Transfer messages and files between other style and may save formats as mode and recording dates (for each stationery. Shareware - $15. side of the tape). Specify the tape AlarmBook uses on a network. Read­ length, bias/equalization, tape brand Me Demo Version is in text format. CodeMaker 2.0 f .sit: By Raymond and tape type, a catalog number and a Requires System 6.0. 7 or later; for Marasa. Allows anyone to create distinctive Identification pattern. Even Mac Plus and later. Shareware-$20 confidential messages, and to actually prints in color. Tape Labeler4.0beta for full featured version. see the code. CodeMaker contains 13 Doc is in text format. Source code Any Calls 1.1 f .sit: By Carl W. Haynes ofthe most popular ciphers throughout (with comments) in ZBasic, $15 III. Keeps track of all incoming calls history and can be used as a teaching and a blank disk. and give you the date and time ofeach. tool. Read Me 2.0 is in text format. Shareware - $10. Timer 4.2a f .sit: By Brian Trammell. Does not interfere with answering Create up to four count-down timers machines and other phone gadgets. DISK #15.0BC- MU 8 which you may configure with time Any Calls? 1.1 READ ME is in text MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES format. timer name, text color and background Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk color.ReadMe(Text)isintextformat. AreaCodeFinder 3.0.sit: By John #15.0lC. Calan~e III. Enter a city name, it Bragging Rights returns some ButtonPad 2.01 f.sit: By Jeffrey L. information about your Mac; sometimes finds the area code. Shareware - $8. Ehrlich. A substantially improved ver­ GraphMan 2.1 does nothing useful. sion of the NotePad desk accessory. It For System 7.0 and later. Requires Auspice 3.1 f .sit: By Wayne K. Meyers. permits you to categorize your notes color capable Mac. Shareware - $5. Enter reminders which are date and into up to 16 separate Quick Access Timer f.sit: By David Van Brink. A time oriented; they are automatically nou:pads. Includes find and replace, small stopwatch timer application for checked and presented to you at the sorting and phone dialing capabilities the Macintosh that either counts appropriate time. You need to have and special text transformation func­ upwards from 0:00 or downwards from the application running in the tions. ButtonPad Doc is in TeachText a selected time. Timer-Read Me is in background at all times so it should be format. Shareware-$10 for applica­ text format. Requires QuickTime. one of your start up applications. tion; $15 for DA version also. WatchWork 1.0.0 f.sit: By Lawrence READ ME Auspice v3.1 is in TeachText format. ContactNotes 1.0.2 f .sit: By Jerry Du. R. King. A digital clock with alarm Maintain contact lists and notes for stopwatch, timer and screen save; DISK #15.07C- MU 7 three different information categories: functions. You may customize the font, MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES Friends and Family, Businesses and colorsandscreendisplay. WatchWork Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk Information. Read Me is in text documentation is in Word and #15.0lC. format. Requires System 6.0.4or later. MacWrite formats. Recommended for Shareware -$2.29. System 6.0.x or later. Shareware - Alarmist3.1 f .sit: By Jonathan Gary. A very simple alarm clock application Cryptogrammar 1.5 f.sit: By Gary $25. Kowalski. This application helps you

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 65 to create or solve cryptograms, sayings FoneMate 1.7.0 f.sit: By John J. MacPGP 2.2 f .sit: By Philip that are encrypted by letter Calande III. An application for keeping Zimmermann, Branko Lankester, substitution code. The application has up to 1000 phone numbers and e-mail Hal Finney, Peter Gutmann, et. al. three windows, a text input, text output addresses handy. Displays a scrollable An RSA public-key encryption and cipherbox window, and the list ofthe names you have entered, and application that lets you communicate interface is pretty intuitive. with a single click on the name, displays securely with people you've never met, CryptoDoc.macwr is in MacWrite the phone number and e-mail address with no secure channels needed for format. Cryptograms volume 2 associated with the selected name. prior exchange of keys. All includes a number of samples. FoneMate Docs/Description is in text documentation is in text format. Shareware - $12. format. Shareware - $8. MacPostit 1.02 f.sit: By Michael CryptWriter 1.0.sit: By Matthew GMS Calendar 1.5 f.sit: By Green Shapiro. Create electronic versions Christensen. A simple application to Mountain Software. A calendar and of the 3M Post-It Notes and scatter save what you type as encrypted text; notetakerinasmallbuthandyformat. them all around your desktop. Read someone can decrypt it only if they When not in use, the calendar Me First! is in TeachText format. have the password (or ifthey have the compresses to a small icon that floats MacVCR+ 1.0bl f .sit: By Kent time and CPU power). The password on the desktop or on top of any open Anthony Behrends. Generate is case-sensitive. window. GMSCalendarShareware (encode) VCR+ codes given the show DeltaTime 1.1.0 f .sit: By Bryan C. is in double clickable DOCMaker time and length. Also decodes the Harding. A combination desk top format. Shareware -$25. VCR+ codes to give you the channel, calendar and a date differential Introspective™ 1.02 f .sit: By Michael start time, and length. Nice pop up calculator. DeltaTimeREADME and D. Pester. Permits you to record daily interface. MacVCR+ ReadMe is in New to DeltaTime 1.1.0 are in text notes as in an electronic diary. Expires text format as is the source code. format. Shareware - $10. after 30 days from first execution; to tryit,setyourclocktotheLastModified DISK#15.10C-MU 10 DeskMates 1.0.7 f .sit: By David Darby MISCELLANEOUS UT/LrrJES . A multi-function program that date if the program has already been includes an analog clock, notebook, run. Introspective Docs is in double Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk stopwatch, calculator, calendar, alarm clickable DOCMaker format. #15.0lC. clock and date pad. It includes on-line Shareware -$20. McZip2.2f.sit:ByCoconutinfo. When help. About DeskMates vl.O.7 is in It's Time 1.1.1.sit: By Joseph Tarsha. you register it, you can access over text format. Requires System 6.0.5 or Create reminder notes for a specific 42,120 cities and five digit ZIP codes later. For Mac Plus and later. time and date (either relative or for the US and its territories. About Shareware - what it's worth, $15 absolute time/date). Notifications may McZip™ 2.2 is in TeachText format. suggested. include sound, icon and/or message. Shareware - $10. Do It Alli 3.02 f .sit: By J. Christopher Jewish Calendar.sit: By Frank Yellin. Network Calendar 1.2.2f.sit: By Tad. Bell. A job and schedule organizer A Jewish calendar that covers a month You may use this calendar on a single where you enter jobs, appointments at a time from 1900 to 2099. Includes machine or may use it as a network and schedules and their priorities.You holidays and special shabbats. calendar until the expiration date of may print out a number ofreports and Julia Timer 2.0 f .sit: By Allen Simon. the network keys. The calendar has a including, daily schedules and com­ A small application which keeps track notation capability. NetCal - Read pleted and postponed jobs. About Do of the time spent on multiple projects. Me is in text format. Shareware - It Alli v.3.02 is in TeachText format. Julia Timer docs is in text format. $10perkey for network capability. Shareware - What you feel it's Requires System 6.0 or later. Charity­ Paste It! 2 f .sit: By Craig Dunham. worth; $15 to $85 recommended. ware - $10 as specified in Another software implementation of DISK #15.0SC- MU 9 documentation. 3M's Post-It Notes. Read Me! is in MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES LogOut 2.1 f .sit: By Jeff Miles. Allows text format. Shareware - $5. Pastelt Notes 1.0.1 f .sit: By Bruce Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk you to track and accumulate the Beare. A computer form of the 3M #15.0lC. computer time spent on jobs for specific clients for billing. LogOut 2.1 Docs is Corporation Post-It Notes. You may Enigma 1.2 f.sit: By Mike Watson. in text format. For System 7 .0 and control the font, size and style as well Named after the famous German en­ later. Shareware - $10. as text alignment. README - cryption system of World War II, Pasteit Notes is in Word format. Enigma implements a limited version MacEncryptll 1.0.1 f .sit: By J. Clarke Stevens. Paranoid about somebody Shareware - $15. of the NSA developed Data Encryption PhoneBook Plus 2.6.4 f .sit: By Tim Standard which is the standard for com­ reading your private files? Use the Data Encryption Standard (DES) to Herzog. A program for handling long mercial, unclassified,dataproooction.Full lists of names and addresses, version available in the US or Canada for scramble the bits of your files until they are totally unrecognizable. extensive phone dialing features, $10. enigma 1.2 doc is in Word format; envelope printing, anda robust phone enigma 1.2 text is in text format. For MacEncrypt Doc is in Word format; MacEncrypt Doc (Text) and Read call timer. It also can open multiple Mac 512KE and later. Me are in t.extformatShareware-$10. files, import and export text files,

66 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 print reports and display the phone log. AutoTrade 1.0 f.sit: By Adam Stein. other open applications or from the PhoneBook 2.6.4 Notes/ReadMe is An investment program that can desktop below. Cloak It! 1.0 in text format. Shareware - $25. manage an entire portfolio. It issues README.txt is in text format. For PhonebookPlus STF 1.0 f .sit: By Ken specific buy and sell orders with precise System 7.0 and later. Shareware -$5. Hancock. Extends the functionality of dollar amounts based on your ColourCheshire 1.0 f.sit: Creates a FaxSTF's phone book by adding individual portfolio. Blurbs f and small window with a smiling Cheshire settings for your current phone Ordering f include information on cat that disappears into only a smile environment. Phonebook Plus other software packages and ordering that then also disappears as does the Release Notes is in text format. information. AutoTrade Read Me is application program. Don't worry,your in MacWrite format. Shareware - Right On Time 2.5.1 demo f.sit: By Mac's desktop, applications and data $39.95. John Covele. A monthly calendar, do not disappear. You need to make reminder and 'To-do' list system. Biorhythm 2 v7.0.s f.sit: By David A duplicates from the copy as the original Create alarms for specific events that Bailey. Chart your emotional, mental, really does disappear after it is run. you want to track. ROT Docs, Word and physical well being. You can chart two persons' birth dates and compare DISK#15.12C-MU 12 is in Word format and other MISCELLANEOUS UTILlnES documentation is in text format. Demo patterns for a given 30 days. Other Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk version is limited to 5 events. statistics like number of days since birth #15.0lC. Shareware -$15. date and day ofthe weekforthe birthday are provided. This version is date and ChessWriter4.lshf.sit: By Bill Orton. SmartCal 2.4f.sit: By LeeAnn Rucker. access limited. Shareware -$20. Create standard chess move text by A calendar program that allows you to moving the pieces on a board. Includes save messages and reminds you of BiplaneShareware2.0.3f .sit: By Alan PostScript and TrueType chess piece them when you start up your G. Porter, Night Diamonds Software. fonts. How To Install Fonts is in text Macintosh or when the date changes. This is a full-featured spreadsheet format. This version expires on 12/3]/ Read Me... SmartCal is in text program. BiPlane worksheets are 93; set your clock to a date earlier than format. Shareware - $10. compatible with worksheets developed using other spreadsheet programs and this prior to running it if you want to Tell-Me 1.0 f .sit: By Jochen Meyer. An saved in SYLKortext format. Includes see how it works. Shareware -$40. application replacement for the Apple 102 of the most used functions and DAbase 3.0.1: By Vic Rubenfeld. Read Notepad DA Supports the microphone eight types of charts. Spreadsheet size and edit FoxBase .dbffiles. It also has supplied with some Macs. About Tell­ is 16,384 rows by 512 columns. a capability to create up to a 12 field Me is in TeachText format. Individual cells can be formatted by .dbf file. Shareware -$15. Shareware -$6. size, font, color and style . BiPlane™ DataMac 1.0.7 f.sit: By Kenneth H. Tiny Elephant 1.0 f .sit: By Christopher Help is accessible from within the Wieschhoff,Jr. Created to manage data Eliot.A very small application to create application. Read Me is in text format. transfer between WristMac and the reminders offuture events; it will then For Systems 6.0.3 and higher. Macintosh. ••Read Me First! is in notify you ofthem on the specified date Shareware -$69 gets you 200 page text format. $9.96. and time. Read.Me is in text format. Shareware - manual plus. EZDB 1.0.sit: By Michael C. Daconta. A VCR+ Control 1.1 f .sit: By Daniel T. Blacltjack Trainer Demo 2.0s f .sit: database with a character based Farmer. Encode and decode the VCR By ConJelCo. A demonstration version interface (non Graphical User Plus selections used for recording TV of the full featured program designed Interface). programs on your VCR. Nice pop up to teach both basic strategy and GEnieRefmt 3.1 f .sit: By SK Hushing interface. Read Me is in TeachText professional card counting. It corrects format. III. Quickly reformats a GEnie file playing errors as you play, improves listing, from two lines of text per file, DISK#15.11C-MU 11 counting skills through drilling, and into one line oftext per file. This enables MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES performs high speed simulations. you to load the file listing into your Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk Read Me is in text format. database program of choice. #15.0lC. CD Coyote 1.0.1 f .sit: By Esa Ristila. A GenieRefmt 3.1 TEXT is in text program that extracts written disc Ah!Schedule 2.ls f .sit: By Ah! Hilltop format. Shareware - $5. Management Software. An application information from audio CD's and Guitar Tuner 1.1 f.sit: By Rustle for creating and modifying the highest creates a TEXT file ofthatinformation. Laidman. Helps you tune your guitar. quality Gantt (Milestone) charts in a CD Coyote 1.0.1 Readme is in text You need a Mac with a built-in or format. short time. It uses DOD symbols and external microphone. Perfect Pitch interfaces with MacProject, MS ChemAssist 1.6 f .sit: By Greg Scherrer. •Intro• is in doubleclickableMuseum Project, Excel, Word, MacDraw, A periodic table of the elements. format. Shareware - $5. •Read.Me!• is in TeachText format. Canvas, etc. ReadMe and other DISK#15.13C-MU 13 documentation are in text format.Not Cloak it 1.0 f .sit: By Lorvad. A simple 32-bit clean; disable 32-bit processing application that places a large black MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES prior to running. Shareware -$149; window on your screen, effectively Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk $89 each for multiple copies. masking out any distraction from any #15.0lC.

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 67 Family Events 1.3.1 f .sit: By A database ofthe periodic table of the and higher CPUs. ReadMeisindouble (M)agreeable software, inc. A lineage­ elements.MacChemtabManual2.0 clickable Postcard format. linked genealogy program that lets (Word 5) is the documentation. Shareware - $30. you keep track of your family README is in text format. Requires SpeakerPro 1.02 f .sit: By POD relationships. This one is also event­ System 6.0.X or later. Software. Manipulate speaker design oriented so that you can transcribe McHurricane™ 2.0.5bSW f.sit: By parameters, calculate the sealed information into the file from William I. Chenault. A hurricane enclosure volume and graph the documents such as birth certificates, tracking utility for the mid-Atlantic resulting frequency response curves. marriage licenses, and death Ocean, Atlantic coast, Gulf ofMexico, For Mac 512K and later, System 6.0 certificates. All program Antilles and North American Pacific and later. Shareware - $15. documentation is in text format. coast areas. McHurricane™ 2.0.5 Stand 1.0 f .sit: By Ralph Gonzalez. Shareware - $85. Doc are in double clickable lliustrate the axial (front-back, side­ GolfMaster! 1.1.lp f.sit: By Stephen DOCMaker format; others are in text side, ceiling-floor) standing wave Macl~an. Helps you keep track ofyour format. Storms f includes plot data patterns caused by a loudspeaker in a scores, handicap, courses and course from prior hurricanes. Requires a Mac listening room to determine notes. It will also dial phone numbers, Plus and System 6.0.5 or later. loudspeaker and listening locations analyze your score and even print out Shareware -$25. which minimize room-induced blank score cards with the names of QuickNav! 1.0.sit: By James H. Moore. coloration. Stand Help-text is in text the players and their handicaps on it. A map ofthe continental US and a list format. Shareware - $15. READ ME FIRST!! is in text format. of VOR stations. Select your home Test Pattern Generator 1.0.6 f .sit: Requires System 6.0.5 or later. base and another VOR station to get By Larry Pina. Run this program after Shareware -$20. a read out of frequency, latitude and installing screen and memory LivingWill! .sit: By James V. Borzilleri. longitude, variation and course and upgrades to test screen alignment. The Legal Assistant includes a distance. TPatGenl.08.Help is a help file. template for a living will; you print the Search Files 1.3 f.sit: By Robert Shareware -$20. file and fill in the blanks. Read Me! is Morris. Search for text strings that UPSMonf.sit: By Yair Elharrar.Asmall in TeachText format. you specify in any files on your hard application, used to determine the disk. Search Files Document is in status of a serial-connected DtsK#15.14C-MU 14 text format. Shareware - $12. MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). DISK#15.15C-MU 15 UPS Monitor Readme is in text Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk format. Shareware - $6. #15.0lC. MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES INFOMaker v2.6 f .sit: By Mark S. Unstuffit.sea: See description on Disk DISK# SYSTEM SOFTWARE - SS.SE Wall. Formatdatafrom other computer #15.0lC. SYSTEM ENABLERS COLLECTION systems (PCs, mainframes, etc.) or Membership Minder 1.1 f.sit: By Read Me First.text: By Dave Weikert. from other Macintosh applications. Andrew Kirby. Maintains Describes the content and installation Places all fields of a record in order on membership lists. Provides fast data of the System Enabler files on this one line, separates them with tabs, entry and prints membership lists. disk. strips control characters and leading Read Me first/Minimal Docs is in New Enablers f: Includes PowerBook and trailing spaces, inserts information text format. Duo Enabler, SystemEnabler065, for missing data, removes any Mom & Dad's 1.5.1 f.sit: Envelope System Enabler 088, System unwanted data, and sets the file printing software that allows multiple Enabler 131, System Enabler 403, CREATOR so that data can be loaded mailing lists, includes return address System Enabler 404 and System directly into an application. Can also and permits sorting by Name, address, Enablers.txt. be used to split files on record city, state or ZIP. Mom & Dad's From the original App le Disk: Installer, boundaries and recombine or append Docs (Text) is in text format. Apple Menu Items Folder, Control files. INFOMaker Shareware Doc Requires System 6.0.4 or later. Panels Folder, Extensions Folder, is in double clickable application Shareware -$5. InstallFDHD, SystemEnabler003, format. Examples incfodes sample MorseTrainer US-1.0.2 f .sit: By Lars System Enabler 040, System data and script. Requires System 4.2 Sundstrom. A program for learning Enabler 001, System Enabler 111, or greater. Shareware - $25. and training Morse code. Read Me! System Enabler 121, System LottoLyzer33 4.5 f .sit: By J. R. Lando. is in text format. Enabler 401, System Enabler 201, An application designed to highlight Revisionist 1.4 f.sit: By Christoph 32-Bit System Enabler and trends or tendencies in numbers drawn Reichenberger. A application that Enablers Collection Read Me. for the common 'Pick 6' type lotteries. permits you to archive different Lott33Docs.Text is in text format; revisions of a document in files that Lott33Docs.Word is in Word format. occupy little disk space per revision. Shareware - $39.95. Two versions are provided; one for MacChemtab 2.lb f .sit: By Jim King. 68000 CPUs and the other for 68020

68 Washington Apple Pl Journal February 1994 Pi Library TrueType Fonts Paintings (MacPnt) 16.12E - SU 12 _ Sys Utils 3, 5 disks; _ 0.01 - C 01 Catalog 7.01A-1T 1 5 disk set; $15 16.13E - SU 13 $15 _ 0.02 - C 02 Sampler 7.02A-1T2 11.01-P 1 16.14E - SU 14 _ Fun/Games 1, 10 0.03 - C 03 MemDir 7.03A-1T3 11.02-P2 16.15E - SU 15 disks; $25 7.04A-1T4 11.03-P3 LW 8.1.1 & PPDs - Anti-V:arus Utilities 7.05A-1T5 11.04-P 4 Word Processing Utile 4disks;$10 1.0lG-AV 1 7.06A-1T6 11.05-P5 5 disk set; $15 1.02K-AV2 7.07A-1T7 17.0lB-WP 1 System Software 1.03K-AV3 Digitized Sounds 17.02B-WP2 6.0.3 - 4 disks; $12 7.08A-1T8 9 disk set; $27 7.09A-1T9 17.03B-WP3 6.0.5 - 4 disks; $12 Desk Accessories 12.0lB-S 1 17.04B-WP4 6.0. 7 - 4 disks; $12 7.10A-1T 10 12.02B-S2 14 disk set; $42 7.11A-1T 11 17.05B-WP5 6.0.8 - 4 disks; $12 2.0lD-DAs 1 12.03B-S3 7.0 - 8 disks; $20 7.12A-1T 12 12.04B-S4 2.02D-DAs2 7.13A-1T13 Adobe Screen Fonts 7.0.1-6 disks; $20 2.03D-DAs3 12.05B-S5 18.0lA-AFl (:f:) 2.04D-DAs4 Graphics 12.06B-S6 18.02A-AF2 7n.0.1 Tune-Up $3 2.05D-DAs5 6 disk set; $18 12.07B-S7 _ 7.1 Sys Update 2.06D-DAs6 8.01-G 1 12.0BB-88 Fun & Games Series 2.0.1 $3(:f:) 2.07D-DAs7 8.02-G2 ·12.09B-S9 22.01-F/G 1 _ Sys Util Update 2.08D-DAs8 22.02-F/G2 1.0.1 $3 (:f:) 8.03-G3 Telecommunications 2.09D-DAs9 8.04-G4 22.03-F/G3 _ QuickTime 1.0; $6 2.lOD - DAs 10 13.0lB-Tl 22.04-F/G4 _ QuickTime 1.6.1; $3 8.05-G5 13.02B-T2 2.llD-DAs 11 8.06-G6 22.05-F/G5 _ LaserWrtr 8.1.1 - 2.12D - DAs 12 13.03B-T3 22.06-F/G6 $3(:f:) 2.13D - DAs 13 22.07-F/G7 INITs & cdevs Programmer/Hacker LaserWrtr 8.0; $6 2.14D - DAs 14 27 disk set; $81 22.08-F/G8 Network Installer 14.0lA-PH 1 22.09-F/G9 9.0lB-J/C 1 14.02A-PH2 $3 F Keys (Function Keys) 9.02B-J/C2 22.10 - F/G 10 TrueType; $6 4.0lA-FKs 1 9.03B-J/C3 Basic Con Set 1.1.1; 4.02A-FKs2 Miscellaneous Utils Online Bible 9.04B-J/C4 15.0lC-MUl $3 9.05B-J/C5 24 disk set; $50 Express Modem; $3 lmageWriter Fonts 15.02C-MU2 Set 1, 6 disks; $15 9.06B-J/C6 15.03C-MU3 (:f:) 5.0lA-J.W 1 9.07B-J/C7 Set 2, 7 disks; $15 CD ROM Setup; $3 5.02A-J.W2 15.04C-MU4 Set3, 6 disks; $15 9.08B-J/C 8 15.05C-MU5 Comm 1 (CTB); $3 5.03A-J.W3 9.09B-J/C 9 Set 4, 5 disks; $15 LW PPDs - 3 disks; 5.04A-J.W 4 15.06C-MU6 9. lOB - J/C 10 15.07C-MU7 Disketeria ValuPaks $9 Post.Script Fonts 9.llB - J/C 11 15.08C-MU8 (t) 9.12B - J/C 12 15.09C-MU9 _ Best of Pi, 15 disks; 6.0lB-PS 1 HyperCard Update 6.02B-PS2 9.13B - J/C 13 15.lOC - MU 10 $30 9.14B - J/C 14 15.llC -MU 11 _ 1.2.5 - 3 disk set; $9 6.03B-PS3 _ PS Fonts 1, 14 _ 2.0 - 5 disk set; $15 6.04B-PS4 9.15B - J/C 15 15.12C - MU 12 disks; $30 6.05B-PS5 9.16B - J/C 16 15.13C-MU 13 _ PS Fonts 2, 5 9.17B-J/C 17 15.14C - MU 14 (t) all files compressed 6.06B-PS6 disks;$10 (except LW 8.1.1 & PPDs) 6.07B-PS7 9.18B - J/C 18 15.15C - MU 15 _ 1T Fonts 1, 9 9.19B - J/C 19 (:f:) on 1.44 Meg 6.08B-PS8 disks;$20 diskette 6.09B-PS9 9.20B - J/C 20 System Utilities _ Tr Fonts 2, 4 6.lOB-PS 10 9.21B - J/C 21 16.0lE-SU 1 disks; $10 6.llB-PS 11 9.22B - J/C 22 16.02E-SU2 _ Cak/Clk Utils 1, 5 6.12B-PS 12 9.23B - J/C 23 16.03E-SU3 disks;$15 6.13B-PS 13 9.24B - J/C 24 16.04E-SU 4 _ Pers Mgt Utils 2, 5 6.14B-PS 14 9.25B - J/C 25 16.05E-SU5 disks;$15 6.15B-PS 15 9.26B-J/C 26 16.06E-SU6 Misc Utils 3 5 6.16B-PS 16 9.27B - J/C 27 16.07E-SU7 disks;$15 ' 16.08E-SU8 6.17B-PS 17 Miscellaneous _ Sys Utils 1, 5 6.18B-PS 18 16.09E-SU9 disks;$15 _ 10.0lA-M 1 16.lOE - SU 10 6.19B-PS 19 _ 10.02A-M2 _ Sys Utils 2, 5 16.llE - SU 11 disks;$15

HyperCard Upgrade requires HyperCard proof of purchase; any of original disk, first page of manual, receipt or previous HyperCard Upgrade disk.

Mail this form with your check to : Are you a member of Washington Apple Pi, Ltd.? YIN _If Yes, Member Number Disk Library Washingtqn Apfle Pi All payments must be in U.S. funds drawn against U.S. banking institutions. 7910 Woodmon Avenue, Suite 910 Non-members add $3.00 per disk to listed prices. Bethesda_._ M_anr_land 20814 Number of Member Name Disks JTice1@_ ""· ...... Singles Box Number, Apartment, Suite, etc. _ 4orless@ $4.00= _ 5ormore@ $3.50= -S-treet Aaaress _ Sets (marked above) $(above) + postage $1.00/disk, maximum $5.00. City State Zip Code _ Disk Catalogs + $1.50 postage $4.50 Day Telephone Evening Telephone TOTAL AMOUNT DUE $

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 69 him new spells. The goal is to get a winning item, but there are many obstacles in the character's path (Eg: traps, locked doors, monsters, riddles, hidden entranceways, even solid walls.) that will hinder his progress. Success, then, Apple Disk Library depends on a good deal of strategy and thought, not just pure fighting. Just as by John B. Ruffatto in the real world, creatures in Explorer can be both good and evil. Before attacking anything, be sure it wants to Welcome to the Apple Disk Library section of the Journal, as you can see there is always attack you. Otherwise, your alignment room for improvement. In this issue there are now Disk Order Forms for the Apple II, Apple will change to evil and all good creatures IIGS, and the Apple III. The librarians would like to receive comments pro and con to the new in the room will attack. Also, the person/ set-up versus the old listing format. Direct your comments to me via the Washington Apple Pi office creture might have had something important to say, but if he dies that and I will try to respond them. information will be forever lost. This I would also desire your comments in regard to Public Domain software you would like program is Shareware, $10 fee. to see included in our Disk Libraries. Since we no longer publish the titles of the disks in the The GameMakerGS program creates library, it is advisable to order the Disk Library Catalog Disks for the machine you are using. characters (from the 28 races) and Each month we will endeavor to provide information on new additions to the libraries or scenarios for the Explorer adventure feature disks currently in the libraries. Some of the disks in the Apple Disk libraries contain game. It is a full graphics program SHAREWARE. If you use any Shareware program, please send the shareware fee to the using the desktop/ point-and-click author. By submitting the fee we encourage the author(s) to develop more software. interface. Make sure any newly-created Special Note: All Apple II, Apple III, and Apple Ilgs Catalog Disks may be exchanged scenario can be played all the way through before making it public. for most current edition ofthe Disk Catalog series-free of charge - ifexchanged at the office. GameMaker was written by Jason For exchanges by mail, please be certain to include your old disks and $1.00 per disk to cover Smart and is Shareware, $10 fee. shipping and handling. Thank you. Best of Games - Disk 5 DuelTris has some of the best 16 and ExpScenario.SHK: The software on this disk have been compressed 256 color art fve seen, drawn by David Includes a large collection of new with the program "GSHK". This allowed me to Seah and has great music composed by Explorer GS scenarios. Several ofthese place more software on this disk than would James Brookes. DuelTris is shareware, scenarios uses unique background and normally fit on a 800k floppy disk. To use the $15/$20 fee. This version ofDuelTris is character icons and they require you to software on this disk, you must first un-compress fully functional, except you cannot save replace your original the software with GSHK. The application GSHK preferences or high scores. The registered EXPLORER.DATA and can be found on the "Best ofTelecommunications" version will allow you to save both. EXPLORER.PIC files with the included Disk. DuelTris requires an Apple IIGS w/ 1 replacement files. meg ofram, System 5.04 or above, and 1 In the /Games.05/Games/ folder: 3.5" disk drive. Speakers and a stereo lnvaders.SHK: DbSolitaire.SHK: card are optional, but a nice addition. Invaders From Space by David & April Solitaire vl.0 by Bill Hamshire. This is the classic Taylor. The aliens have invaded, and version ofSolitaire called Klondike. Includes Vegas Explorer.GS.SHK: it's your job to eliminate them! This is a Style Play/Scoring and Double Solitaire options. Explorer, by Jason Smart, is a desktop "Space Invaders" clone. You control your Shareware, $10 fee. graphic adventure game. The Explorer ship with the mouse, and fire with the program runs scenarios created with the mouse button. The concept is simple - DuelTris.SHK: GameMakerGS program. Although you kill or be killed! Shareware, $5.00 fee. DuelTris vl.Os by DreamWorld is a two player Explorer scenarios can be as different as head-to-head tetris-like game, which features your imagination, they all have one thing Best of Graphics - Disk 1 incredible graphics and sound. It is not DuoTris, in common: to 'win' the scenario, a specific which was part of the GS<>ffiC demo. DuelTris object must be found. The overall layout The software on this disk have been features 2 player simultaneous play, the DuelLINK ofthe scenario is divided up into 'rooms'. compressed with the program "GSHK". (tm), and six different special pieces. When Each room has exits to other rooms. The This allowed me to place more software DuelLINK is turned on, whenever one player auto-mapping feature shows the rooms on this disk than would normally fit on makes 2-4 lines, they are automatically passed to location in the overall layout. As a a 800k floppy disk. To use the software the other player, and vice versa. The six special character moves through the maze, on this disk, you must first un-compress pieces have a variety of functions, gun, fill gun, fighting monsters and disarming traps, the software with GSHK. The bomb, anvil, inverse other person's controls, etc. he will build experience points. These application GSHK can be found on the increase the character's stats and give "Best of Telecommunications" Disk.

70 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 SHR.View3.5.SHK: Wars c~cling (type BIN); PaintWorks Plus compressed SHR View v3.5 by Ronald E. Mercer. Vadorl.3200 Darth Vador of Stars pictures (type $CO subtype 0); PaintWorks Plus SHR View [SV] is a slide show program Wars animations (type $C2). Includes documentation. for the Apple Ilgs. Since this program is Vardor2.3200 Another picture of This program is public domain. By Jason Harper. a ProDOS 8 system file, you can run it Darth Vador from from either ProDOS 8, or GSOS. SV will Stars Wars DreamVoir.SHK: display ALL major types of Apple Ilgs Zoe.3200 Yet another woman's DreamVoir vl.31 from Dreamworld. ima~es (and then some), and a few Apple face DreamVoir is a combination slide show and Ile images. Install the program in a SoundSmith music player. It is great for showing folder full of graphics (SHR, 3200, GIF, Best of Graphics - Disk 2 off the Graphics & Sound of you Apple IIGS. It others) and it will display individual handles all gs specific graphic formats in 16/256/ pies or run a slideshow. SHR View is The software on this disk have been 3200 colors. This version supports 3200 color ShareWare, which means ifyou use the compressed with the program "GSHK". fades. DreamVoiris shareware $10 fee. Bugfixes program you should send in a small This allowed me to place more software etc. with this version. See the docs for details. ($10-$20) ShareWare fee. on this disk than would normally fit on a This disk contains a large collection of 800k floppy disk. To use the software on EyePro.EXE: compressed 3200 color Ilgs pictures. this disk, you must first un-compress EyePro is a GS/OS shell application and requiies ·· After you have un-compressed these the software with GSHK. The application a shell, such as ORCA EyeProconverts Computer pictures, you can use SHR View to view GSHK can be found on the "Best of Eyes GS raw data files into a 3200 color picture. these these pictures. Telecommunications" Disk. The following 3200 color pictures can FillMaze.SHK: be found in the /Pics.3200/ folder: In the /Graphics.02/Graphic.Utils/ This SHR graphics simulation demonstrates Alysa.1.3200 A woman's face folder: the little-used "fill mode" of the Apple Ilgs SHR Amber.3200 Another woman's face Anim.View.SHK: screen. Presented on the screen is a three­ AmdekCar.3200 A fast car for a race Another Jason Harper creation. dimensional maze, similiar to the old game track Displays PaintWorks Plus and "Wayout." This is not so much a game as an Astro.3200 A space walking PaintWorks Gold animation files. A incredible graphics simulation. Includes shuttle astronaut PaintWorks animation file programming notes, and an icon. Neat sttiff to Balloons.3200 Hot air balloons Saturn.SHOW, is included for you; show off! From Jason Harper. · Balls.3200 Mirrored spheres viewing pleasure. floating over Apple Finder.View.SHK: logos Display.SHK: Finder-View v2.0 is a Finder Invoked Picture BDragon.3200 Dragon attacking a This folder contains a set of picture Viewer Program by Brian Clark. After display programs for viewing SHR warrior in~tallation, you may do away with running a Capitol.3200 The nation's capitol graphics. DISPLAY.PICTURE asks for pamt program to view a picture, since, now you'll Carson.3200 J. Carson from late the name ofa $Cl-type file, then displays be able to simply and quickly double-click on the night TV the picture on the IIGS in 320x200 super picture's icon in the Finder to view it. Supports Clown.3200 Close-up of a clown's hi-res graphics.DISPLAY.ALL displays most formats, from Print Shop to 3200 color face all $Cl-type files on thecurrentdirectory, pictures. This demo won't display 3200 color Columbus.3200 Photo ofthe skyline of one after another. DISPLAY.FOREVER pictures, but the real program does. $10 Columbus, Ohio displays all $Cl-type files on the current ShareWare. Elvira.3200 Horror show TV host directory, then goes back to the beginning Elvira and shows them again. Fractalsl.l.SHK: Fashion.3200 Model wearing DISPLAY.SAVER asks for a file name This is Vl.1 of FractalGS. A program for colorful scarf then saves the contents ofthe IIGS supe; generating Fractals on the SHR screen. Several Flag.3200 The US flag hi-res screen as a $Cl-type file. Run changes have been implemented in this version House.3200 Photo of a mansion display.doc for instructions. Still takes forever (and a day) to generate ~ Liftoff.3200 A space shuttle complett: i?Iage. The Magnify option is pretty launch DisplayEXE.SHK: neat. This is best run over night. NewTut.3200 Variation of the This Ilgs shell program allows you to common King Tut display Super HiRes pictures and GIF.To.IFF.SHK: picture animations independently of any This folder contains applications which will Parrot.3200 Photograph of a graphics program. It must be run from a allow you to convert GIF graphics 3200 color parrot Ilgs na-tive-mode shell, such as APW, pictures. Plane.3200 Nose ofa prop aircraft Orca/M-GS, or Don Elton's shareware Portland.3200 Cityscape ofPortland ECP-16. GIF3200v0.2.SHK: Rockies.3200 The Rocky Mountains The DISPLAY shell program will This is GIF -> 3200 picture converter version Skywalker.3200 Luke Skywalker of display the following picture types: ?.2. This lets you convert GIFs (of ALL sizes now) Star Wars Uncompressed SHR pictures (type BIN mto 320, 640, or 3200 color pictures. Still StarWars.3200 Picture from Star or $Cl); 816/Paint pictures with color unfinished, so it has some bugs, but converts

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 71 much faster then SHRConvert. Also has some new Moire.SHK: by Craig N. Caroon. There are five algorithums, and is ShareWare, $5 fee. Written by Moire and Moirec by Joseph A Bouchard. parameters that can be acljust.ed. After Bad Luck Software. These two programs are perfectly good­ each parameter suits your fancy, press for-nothing-except-staring-at graphics the spacebar to generate thatPolySpiral. GIFviewl.01.SHK: demos. Both ofthem rely on aliasing and/ When you get bored, press control-Q to GIFview vl.01 is a GIF viewing program. Fairly or misperception by your eyes to make quit! simple actually. It currently supports only two pretty pictures. They are by no means modes: Full color and grey scale. The grey scale desktop applications, but they do use rsRayTracer.SHK: conversion is the simplest ofits kind. The full color QuickDrawII for the plotting and the Really Simple Ray Tracer version 7 .85 option loads in all three planes of the GIF image Event Manager to detect the mouse click by Alex Kourakos the only ray-tracer and displays the file on a 106x66 resolution screen that makes them quit. Freeware. that will run with any success on an that can display all 4096 colors (scanline dithering). Apple Ilgs. With rsrt, you can creat.e ray­ Ifyou've seen the VIEW APPROXIMATION option Mosaic.GS.SHK: traced images that you've seen done on on Super Convert by Jason Harper, then you've Mosaic GS version 1.0 by Jay Dunnell. other, more powerful computers. rsrt is a already got an idea of what this thing does. This program displays a Kaleidoscope like shell utility (w/ ORCAshell or something One of the nice features of this thing is speed. It's pattern on the screen. Includes a Change like that) that reads a scene description the fastest thing out forthe ][gs. It's not shareware, Palette option which allows the user to file and generates a 24-bit image file but the author hasn't been known to refuse money randomly change the current colors on corresponding to that description using thrown his way. this version has a much better the screen. This program is Freeware. the standard method of raytracing greyscale conversion routine. This program is FAR method. from complete. Right now it only supports simple Mountain.SHK: This version fixes a few bugs and quirks noninterlaced GIF87a files with only a global color MountainMaker Version 1.0 is a fractal from the previous version. There are a map defined and only one image per file. Luckily, landscape program for the Apple //GS by couple new objects, namely boxes and that's what most gifs are, but ifyou get some error Ryan Olson. MountainMakerisa program rings/discs. Also, transparent objects are message, then that's why. designed to simulate a fractal landscape supported. A few more files are included on your computer. The basic concept of a this time. Since rsrt is being written IFFconvert.SHK: fractal landscape is that it is an imaginary entirely from scratch as an educational IFF Converter version 0.5 by Ken Grey. The IFF mathematical image which can be viewed experience, changes are happening converter is a program that allows you to read in by a device such as a computer. slowly. pictures saved in the IFF format used by just about all Amiga paint and graphics programs and a few MyGIF.SHK: Sepia.Izer.SllK: on the IBM such as DeluxePaint II. Pictures are "MyGIF" is a shell file (exe) that can be Sepia-lzer by Karl Bunker is a method converted to Apple Perferred Format. run from APW/Orca or Prosel 16's of converting grey scale graphics to sepia command line to display GIF files. It only tone. Sepia-Izer will take any PIC or 11.GIF.SHK: displays one GIF file at a time and that's Apple Preferred Format PNT file, and ][GIF Version 1.0 by Jason Harper allows you to all. Users ofProsel 16 should place this in convert the palette ofthe graphic to sepia convert and displayGIF-and RLE-format graphics their prefix 6 directory as an added shell tone. files on Apple II series computers, and to save the command. Syntax is :mygif{filename}. By Lots ofllgs graphics, especially scanned­ converted pictures in standard Apple graphics Dave Leffler. in images, are grey scale. With 16 shades formats for use with other programs. of grey, a reasonable degree of PlasmaLab2.SHK: photographic clarity can be achieved on Life.SHK: PlasmaLab is a program for exploring the GS. However, grey scale is kind of­ Life vl.O is a biological simulation based on the cellular automa There are 5 scenarios of well - grey. Sepia tone is often a much life and death of cells over many generations. By computer-generated life, represented by more aesthetically pleasant palette, while Joe Jaworski. colonies or collections of cells (dots). Better retaining all the clarity ofgrey scale. For and faster than the previous version, those who may not know, sepia tone Liphe.SHK: "PlasmaLife". I really like "WireWorld" - in refers to a range of brownish tones, from Liphe-816 vl.2 An Apple Ilgs Implementation of whichyougenerat.eelectroniccircuitsandat almost black to almost whit.e. Many early the most fascinating game in history! Written in least one elect.on for PlasmaLab to trace. photographs were sepia tone, ratherthan 65816 Assembly for fast animation. Includes Load Version 2.0 includes several new features. black and white. and Save options which lets you load or save a Liphe screen. The file is saved as a binary (BIN, PntWksPatch.SHK: SHKalid2.SHK: $06) file. Press 'ESC' to stop the Liphe-processes. This Applesoft BASIC program will This program displays a Kaleidoscope Includes source code. Freeware. By Jawaid Bazyar. modify Paintworks Gold for GS/OS 5.0 like pattern on the screen. Press the ESC Included in this little "package" is a special bonus. and above. Allows Paintworks Gold to key to quit. By John Stephen III. The only commands it supports are: Arrows to work if you have at least 1.5Meg. move cursor, RETURN to toggle the state of a cell, Show.Pics.SHK: A (must be Capital A) to start Life, ESC to stop it, PolySpirals.SHK: ShowDir.GS is a slide show that works and Q (must be Capital Q) to exit. TEXTLIFE must This is a PolySpiral generator with with Rom version 1.0. All $Cl SHR be run from a shell as it cannot return to the finder. documentation.PolySpiralGeneratorvl.O screens on the current prefix are show

72 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 once. ShowOff.GS is the same as above SoundSmith music, on the Apple IIGS, features of these programs to create a new and except the show recycles. Read using simple macros. Super Magic 3.1.1 smaller icon file with fewer entries. documentation for setup information. includes better documentation, delay Included for use with the slide show loop now works for all GS users (3.1 only This disk contains a variety oficon files for use programs are the followingdigitizedSHR works correctly under non-Transwarp with the Finder. To make use ofthese icons, copy screens: Astronaut; MoonLighting machine), more macros. the desired files to the /ICONS/ folder. The I (Maddie and David); Santa. ICONS/ folder must be at the root level: ToSD.SHK: ShowScreen.SllK: The Orea Screen Dumper (TOSO) is a EX. I Your Disk I ICONS I Your Icon Files This program can be used to display screen dump utility that works in the Super Hi-Res screens, type $C 1 graphics. Orea shell environment. This folder In the /Finder.Icons/Icon.Editors/ folder: contains both C source and a runtime DlcEdl.21.SHK: SHR.BASIC.SllK: version for the Orea programming Desktop Icon Editor vl.21, by David A. Lyons~ Adds a set of ampersand commands to environment. By Gregg Brekke & Mark DlcEd lets you create and modify icons stored in Applesoft Basic which allows plotting on de Jong. Freeware. icon files. DlcEd is Shareware. Requires System the Apple IIGS 320x200 super hi-res Disk 3.2 or later. graphics screen. Thess are contained in VOC3200View.SHK: the BINary file SHR. To load it into bank VOC3200 - 3200 color picture viewer IconEdl.3.SHK: $01, simply run the BASIC program that supports the Video Overlay Card. This is the new version of IconEd. Major LOADER.SHR. There are 6 functions in This program will view Brooks format improvements in speed, changes in keyboard this version ofSHR: tum on SHRgraphics 3200 color pictures and will work both equivalents, and the ability to save custom icons and clear screen; turn on SHR graphics with or without a VOC installed. To use in APW source code are some of the without clearing screen; return to text a VOC, you need TOOL 33 installed and improvements over 1.2. This program is mode; set plotting color; plot on SHR your voe in slot 3; otherwise the Shareware. screen; change a color. Includes motherboard will be used and the VOC's Documentation. display will be what it is when you run IconEd.2.0.SHK: other people's 3200 color viewers. Also if IconEd 2.0 by Paul Elseth is a shareware SHR.Convert.SHK: you are not actually using the voe but program for creating and editing Apple IIGS SHRConvert v2.l by Jason Harper is a it is plugged in and TOOL 33 says it is Finder(tm) icons. With IconEd, you can change program that converts computer graphics there then your motherboard display the appearance oficons, the names of their files, to/from GIF, Mactintosh, Atari etc., and will be wrong because the colors will be and tell the Finder where to find the application most Apple ][ Graphics formats. synchronized to the VOCI that created a particular document. You can add Shareware, $15 fee. This is a prototype release, which will icons to and remove icons from existing ieon be cleaned up and given a real desktop files, as well as copy icons between files. It seems Slide.Show.SHK: interface, and made FreeWare. This is like some people are having problems with v2.0. This is an update of START.SHOW, the definitely alpha quality only; be careful Shareware. Automatic Slide Show for $Cl pictures. when you start using it. VOC3200 is an It will look at the sub-directory and show EXE that can be run as a shell command Icon.Tips.SHK: all 65 block pictures starting with the (if you dare!) from ORCA/APW or This folder contains a file written by Rob Moore one you designate. It will then repeat by PROSEL or whichever shell you like to and Jim Merrit of Apple to help users of Ilgs itself. There is a text file with directions. use. By Todd Whitesel. icons with editing and other things. Includes a variety of hints and tips on creating and editing St.2.Gs.SHK: Best of Finder Icons finder icons.A very well written, clear document This folder contains two programs that The software on this disk have been that anyone can understand. This is a text file. can be used to convert an Atari ST picture compressed with the program "GSHK". file of type .Pll (Atari ST lo-res mod, This allowed me to place more software In the /Finder.Icons/lcons.Best0£' folder: created with Degas) into an Apple Ilgs on this disk than would normally fit on a ColorMasked.SHK: ($Cl) Super Hi-Res screen graphic file. 800k floppy disk. To use the software on This .SHK file contains the following color­ ST.TO.GS is slow and requires about an this disk, you must first un-compress masked Finder Icons that were created by Chris hour to convert a picture. By Antic the software with GSHK. The application Hutmire ofWAP: Publishing. STGS is much faster and GSHK can be found on the "Best of will convert a picture in about 4 seconds. Telecommunications" Disk. AlertSound.Icon, AllExceptFrntlcn, By Ron Waltner. Included are3 SHAREWARE programs Ani. Watch.Icons, AppleBowl.Icon, (DlcEd vl.21, IconEcl vl.3 and IconEd Archiver.Icons, AudioZap.Icons, SuperMagic.SllK: v2.0) which will allow you to create new AutoMenus.lcons, Babar.Init.Icon, Super Magic 3.1.1 by Lim Thye Chean. Finder icons or to edit existing icon files. BG.Sound.Icons, Binscll.Icons, Blanklnit.Icons, Super Magic is a macro programming Some of the icon files included on this Booz.lcons, Bouncelt.Icons, tools forORCA/M programmers. Itallows disk are quite large and may not fit on a BRAM.Check.Icon, CDA.Mouse.Icons, programmers to draw graphics, create disk with limited free space. If this CDev.Color.Icon, CDev.Icons, fast animation, load picture file, play happens, use the cut/copy and paste CDev.TWGS.lcons, ClipLib.lcohs;

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 73 CM2100.lcons, (without a reboot!) and you can use it for to use this NDA, you must have tool 32 Cool Cursor. Icon, CtrIN ow 1. Icons, whatever system sounds you want. This installed in *:system:tools and your DeskTrackerIcon, Display .Icons, is a GREAT sound for use with my particular midi driver installed in DreamVoir.lcons, DrmGfx.lcons, DrmGfx.lcons2, updated Nuclear Trash icons! You'll be *:system:drivers. ShareWare, $10 from DTU.Icons, ExplorerGS.lcon, FinderView.lcon, able to HEAR the explosion as well as Derrick Taubert. Payment buys advanced FinderView .Icon2, FixBoot.Icons, SEE the explosion. version. FixFindFilelcon, FndrBlnkr.Icons, FndrSndr.Icons, Folder.Icons, FolderJump.Icon, Ultra.Icons.SUK: MODZap0.81.SHK: FontSel.Icons, FfypeEd.lcons, GIFview.lcons, A large collection of new Finder Icons. This disk includes Ian Schmidt's MOD GS.Spy.2.lcons, Included are Icons for: AppleWorks, song player application ModZap vO.Sla. GSXEdit.Icons, gTerm.Icons, HFS.Link.lcons, communication programs and files, It does all of the NoiseTracker effects, HotKeys.Icons, HyperCard.Icons, desktop publishing, games, graphics, includingpitchbend (whichNTGS doesn't HyperStudiolcon, IcnAppChecklcon, hyper media, Programming, sounds, do.) It also plays a lot of the MODs that IconoGrag.lcons, Idol.Icons, IFFconvertlcons, system files, Icon files, and even more NTGS doesn't, such as Red Sector and 11.GIF.Icons, !nit.Master.Icon, IR.Icons, related material. Echo. Note that this program will only LaunchPad.Icons, LHext.lcons, play the MOD files on NoiseTracker and Lithium.Icons, LongPlay.lcons, LotsaTools.lcon, Best of Music - Disk 1 will hang if you select one of the other MahJong.Icon, Mailman.Icons, Mean18.lcons, song file types on the NoiseTracker disk. Mega Term.Icons, MenuFonts.Icons, The software on this disk have been MODZapistheultimateinMODplayers ModemBuffr.Icon, MODZap.Icons, compressed with the program "GSHK". for the Apple Ilgs and offers full support Morelnfo.Icons, Music.Mod.Icons, This allowed me to place more software for 15 and 31 instrument MOD files used My.Finder.Icons, Nicon.Icons, on this disk than would normally fit on a by the Amiga programs NoiseTracker, NT.Icons, PieceOStringlcn, PMPUnZip.lcons, 800k floppy disk. To use the software on ProTracker, and StarTrekker. It plays ProBOOT.lcons, QuickLaunchlcon, ResLin.lcons, this disk, you must first un-compress these files on any speed Apple Ilgs using rSounder.lcons, Scarab.Icons, Scrolllcons.lcn, the software with GSHK. The application pitchbend and other special effects SD.Reminderlcon, SF.Fix.Icons, Show.Pies.Icons, GSHK can be found on the "Best of programs like NoiseTracker Ilgs just ShowScreen.lcon, SHR.Loader.lcon, Telecommunications" Disk. don't give you. It REQUIRES Apple Ilgs Shrinklt.lcons, Sleep.Icons, SndSmith.lcons, System 6.0 or later. Read the docs, have SoundOff.Icons, ST.To.GS.Icons, Synthlnit.lcons, In the /Music.01/Music.Apps/ folder: fun, and CRANK IT UP! synthLAB.lcons, Emp.Betal.SHK: This version has a jukebox feature like SysFail.Icons, System.Icons, Teach.Icons, This small program allows you to load Tim Meekins' NoiseTraker, but offers TeachReaderlcon, TelCom.lcons, standard ASIF instrument files (most more variations for playing MOD files, Tlite2Demo.Icon, Trash.Nuke.DC!, common withSoundsmith)and then play though it doesn't play all the kinds of Trash.Nuke.DC2, TWGS.CDev.Icons, them on your GS keyboard by typing on music files NoiseTracker can. MODZap TwiComp.lcons, Twilight.Icons, UltBlnk.lcons, the different rows ofkeys. Nice for those vO.Sla allows playing with the various and Yanklt.Icons who -don't- own MIDI keyboards since instruments via an instrument list and a you can play as you would a piano, unlike simulated keyboard. soniqTRACKER Oscar.Trash.SUK: other programs which force you to click v0.63 has better stereo effects and (in my Another Trash can from Lunatic complete with notes with a mouse. opinion) better graphics but provides no appropriate sound. Don't be a grouch! Let Oscar It should be noted that this program is information about a MOD file's do it for you! Place either Oscar.Trash or not at all complete, so many functions instruments. Oscar.Trash.2 in the Icons folder on your will not operate. The basic functions STARTUP disk. Place the sound files in the that work are "Load ASIF", "Erase ASIF Music.Mod.SHK: Sounds folder in your System folder. All files (from DOC ram)", and "Play ASIF(brings Music Modifier is a utility that allows converted and edited by Lunatic E'Sex. up keyboard)". Also note commands are converting between various Music file written in French and this version runs formats. MIDI to Diversitune, MIDI to TrashNukeNY.SHK: under ProDOS 8. A future version ofthis SynthLab, etc. Read the accompanying ICON and Sound for a Trash can Icon NUKE program with soon be available called documentation. This version (2.6 P.D.)is New York By Bruce Lunatic. Anew version of my "Tracklt" which will support playback of placed in the public domain. By Mark popular "nuclear trash" icons. This version has modules (ie. ROL, MOD, MED), SHR Jackson. been shrunk slightly so that Finder 6.0 won't graphic interface, and an editor which have to move the fourth volume online up to the will allow notes to be entered by hitting Musix.SHK: next row of disks. NOTE: Finder 6.0 doesn't need keys on the GS keyboard for creating MusiXHelp by Jean Pierre Charpentier. these icons to be in any special file! Simply throw modules! Freeware. this icon file into the Icons folder on your boot disk and it'll show up! MIDimonitor.SHK: synthLAB: Includes a Sound Resource file for use with the This IIGS desk accessory monitors - Tempo display doesn't reflect tempo trashcan Icon. To use this sound, simply copy the incoming MIDI data in the GS modem variations coded in sequence! file into your System Sounds folder on your system port and will graphically display the key - Tempo display is limited to 99. MF2SL disk! Then it will show up in the Sound CDev on and key offMIDI commands. In order takes care of that.

74 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 _EAMN-08 #5 GAME-09 _ NWPS-14 Graphics UTIL-21 ~M!':IJ~:'. GAME-10 NWPS-15 Graphics UTIL-22 -~~~t~g :g =GAME-11 - NWPS-16 Gra~cs System Software _ EAMN-11 #5 _GAME-12 - NWPS-17 Grap .cs =B¥it~ _APSD-01 #1 _EAMN-12 #5 GAME-13 = NWPS-18 Graphics APSD-02 #2 _EAMN-13 #5 NWPS-19 Graphics (#!)System Disk V. 4.0.2- _ EAMN-14 #5 Logo = NWPS-20 Graphics $1.50 Apple Disk Catalog _ EAMN-15 #5 _LOG0-01 NWPS-21 Graphics (#2)DOS 3.3 System

- Bar display is always calculated to half-note so you must Take care of that. (I did a deal between Memory & Speed. arrange midi score to half-note before convert to synthLAB. Speed won ;). - Today Midi Analyzer accepts up to 32000 events. There midi: is none direct relation between midi file size and number - Musi){ is based on 0.06 version of Midi file (March 1, 1988). of events herein (hum... sounds not like plain vanilla - If you find a more recent version please send me a disk or English ;). Do not try to load a > lOOk size midi file. paper list! - Today Midi Analyzer is limited up to 16 tracks. - Musi){ does not manage MasterTracksPro or MusicWriter files because these applications can Import/Export midi files NoiseTrkrlO.SHK: directly (MTP 1.04 & MW 2.03). This is version 1.0 of Oliver Goguel's (of the FTA and - Musi){ follows MasterTracksPro midi conventions: Track Second Sight Software) Noisetracker music program. zero contains all conductor events and track names are NoiseTracker allows you to play SoundSmith songs, notated as generic text event but track name events. If you Noisetrackersongs, and the MOD music file format popular know why write me ... on the IBMandAmiga. Version 1.0featuressomeenhanced - Midi Analyzer manages only format one midi files because options and has a title screen and title music. Noisetracker there is none track number reference in format zero midi files is freeware. and format two is never used. IfMidi Analyzer returns back This package includes sample code for using the music immediately without analyse, your file is: Not a midi file or a player routines in your own programs. Also contains icons format zero midi file or a format two midi file. (courtesy ofMichael Guitton) and a much-improved Scrolly -Midi Analyzer asks "mucho" free memory (192k minimum). Player correcting the color scheme and allowing selectable

February 1994 Washington Apple Pi Journal 75 GSDM-26 _ GSFT-10 GSGM-12A GSGX-12 . GSDM-27 GSFT-11 GSGM-13 GSGX-13A· System Software GSDM-28 GSFT-12 GSGM-14 GSGX-14 _ GSAS-01 (*1) GSDM-29 GSFT-13 GSGM-15 GSGX-15 _ GSAS-02 (*2) GSDM-30 GSFT-14 GSGM-16 GSGX-16 _ GSAS-03 (*3) GSDM-31 _ GSFT-15 GSGM-17A GSGX-17 _ GSAS-04 (*4) GSDM-32 _ GSFT-16 GSGM-18A GSGX-18 GSDM-33 GSFT-17 GSGM-19A GSGX-19 Communications GSDM-34 GSFT-18 GSGM-20 GSGX-20 _ 7 disk set= $21 GSDM-35 GSFT-19 GSGM-21 GSGX-21C _ GSCM-OlE _ GSFT-20 GSGM-22 GSGX-22B _ GSCM-02C Developer _ GSFT-21 GSGM-23A GSGX-23 GSCM-03B _ 20 disk set = $60 GSFT-22 GSGM-24B GSGX-24 = GSCM-04C GSDV-01 GSFT-23 GSGM-25B GSGX-25 _ GSCM-05B GSDV-02 GSFT-24 GSGM-26A GSGX-26 _ GSCM-06 GSDV-03 GSFT-25 GSGM-27 GSGX-27 GSCM-07 GSDV-04 GSFT-26 GSGM-28 GSGX-28A GSDV-05A GSFT-27 GSGM-29 GSGX-29 DAs, CDevs, FExts, Dvrs, and GSDV-06A GSGM-30 GSGX-30 Inits GSDV-07 Fonts • TrueType GSGM-31 _ GSGX-31A _ 16 disk set = $48 GSDV-08A _ 30 disk set = $90 GSGM-32 _ GSGX-32A _ GSDA-OlC GSDV-09 GSTT-01 GSGM-33 _ GSGX-33 _ GSDA-020 GSDV-lOA GSTT-02 GSGM-34 _ GSGX-34 _ GSDA-03E GSDV-llA GSTT-03 GSGM-35A _ GSGX-35 _ GSDA-04C GSDV-12A =GSTT-04 GSGM-36 _ GSGX-36: _ GSDA-05C GSDV-13 GSTT-05 GSGM-37A _ GSGX-37 _ GSDA-06B GSDV-14A GSTT-06 GSGM-38 _ GSGX-38 _ GSDA-07C GSDV-15A GSTT-07 GSGM-39 _ GSGX-39 _ GSDA-08B GSDV-16 GSTT-08 GSGM-40 _ GSGX-40 GSDA-09A GSDV-17A GSTT-09 GSGM-41 _ GSGX-41 GSDA-lOA GSDV-18 GSTT-10 GSGM-42A _ GSGX-42 = GSDA-llA GSDV-19 GSTT-11 GSGM-43 _ GSGX-43 _ GSDA-12A GSDV-20 GSTT-12 GSGM-44 _ GSGX-44 GSDA-13A GSTT-13 GSGM-45 _ GSGX-45 = GSDA-14A Disk Catalog GSTT-14 GSGM-46 _ GSGX-46 _ GSDA-15B _ 3 disk set = $6 GSTT-15 GSGM-47 _ GSGX-47 _ GSDA-16B GSDC-OlJ GSTT-16 GSGM-48 _ GSGX-48 GSDC-02J =GSTT-17 GSGM-49 _ GSGX-49 Demos GSDC-03J GSTT-18 GSGM-50 _ GSGX-50 _ 35 disk set = $35 or $1 per GSTT-19 GSGM-51 _ GSGX-51 disk Education GSTT-20 GSGM-52 _ GSGX-52 _ GSDM-01 10 disk set = $30 GSTT-21 GSGM-53 _ GSGX-53 _ GSDM-02 7 disk set= $21 GSTT-22 GSGM-54 _ GSGX-54 _ GSDM-03 =(*5) GSTT-23 GSGM-55 _ GSGX-55 _ GSDM-04 GSED-OlA (*5) GSTT-24 GSGM-56 _ GSGX-56 _ GSDM-05 GSED-02A (*5) GSTT-25 GSGM-57 _ GSGX-57 _ GSDM-06 GSED-03A (*5) GSTT-26 GSGM-58 _ GSGX-58 _ GSDM-07 GSED-04A (*5) GSTT-27 GSGM-59A _ GSGX-59 _ GSDM-08 GSED-05A (*5) GSTT-28 GSGM-60 _ GSGX-60 GSDM-09 GSED-06A (*5) GSTT-29 GSGM-61 _ GSGX-61 _ GSDM-10 GSED-07A (*5) GSTT-30 GSGM-62 _ GSGX-62 _ GSDM-11 GSED-08A GSGM-63 _ GSGX-63 _ GSDM-12 GSED-09 Games _ GSGX-64 _ GSDM-13A GSED-10 _ 63 disk set = Graphics _ GSGX-65 GSDM-14 $189 _ 68 disk set = $204 _ GSGX-66 GSDM-15 Fonts· BitMapped GSGM-OlB GSGX-01 _ GSGX-67 GSDM-16 _ 27 disk set = $81 GSGM-02B GSGX-02 _ GSGX-68 =GSDM-17A GSFT-01 GSGM-03 GSGX-03 = GSDM-18 GSFT-02 GSGM-04 GSGX-04 HyperCard _ GSDM-19 GSFT-03 GSGM-05 GSGX-05 _ 6 disk set= $18 GSDM-20A GSFT-04 _ GSGM-06A GSGX-06 _ GSHC-01 - GSDM-21A GSFT-05 _ GSGM-07A GSGX-07A _ GSHC-02 GSDM-22 GSFT-06 GSGM-08 GSGX-08A _ GSHC-03 =_ GSDM-23 GSFT-07 GSGM-09A GSGX-09B _ GSHC-04 GSDM-24 GSFT-08 GSGM-10 GSGX-lOA _ GSHC-05 GSDM-25 GSFT-09 GSGM-11 GSGX-11 _ GSHC-06 tracks. Instruments can be saved in multiple sound formats, and a Play.Song.SllK: startup screen and song can be installed. This program will let you play all those Music Studio songs NoiseTracker allows up to 64 instruments and you're no more even if you don't own Music Studio. Computers that are limited by the size of the Ensoniq Ram (64k). NoiseTracker uses two accelerated (TWGS, ZipChipGS) should have·the computer's kinds of instrument. Those always in the EnsoniqRam, and those speed set to "FAST". Check the speed of your computer if songs which are in the GS-Ram, and which are moved to the Ensoniq when sound like they are being played to fast or to slow. needed. But, luckily, when playing a music, you can hardly notice the difference between these two kinds!!!

76 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 normally $62.50) HyperStudio _ GSHS-61 _ GSMU-26A _ GSSN-06 _ GSHS-62 _ GSMU-27A GSSN-07 _ Demo Ver. (1-10) = Best of The Apple IIGS Disk $10 _ GSHS-63 _ GSMU-28A _ GSSN-08 _ GSHS-64 _ GSMU-29A _ GSSN-09 Catalog _ GSHS-01 _ 1 disk set = $2.00 _ GSHS-02 _ GSHS-65 _ GSMU-30A _ GSSN-10 _ GSHS-03 _ GSHS-66 _ GSMU-31A _ GSSN-11 _ GSHS-67 _ GSMU-32A _ GSSN-12 Best of Communications _ GSHS-04 _ 1 disk set = $2.50 _ GSHS-05 _ GSHS-68 _ GSMU-33A _ GSSN-13 _ GSHS-69 _ GSMU-34A _ GSSN-14 _ GSHS-06 Best of DA's, CDevs, FExts, _ GSHS-07 _ GSHS-70 _ GSMU-35A _ GSSN-15 _ GSHS-71 _ GSMU-36A _ GSSN-16 Dvrs, & Inits _ GSHS-08 _ 1 disk set = $2.50 _ GSHS-09 _ GSHS-72 _ GSMU-37A _ GSSN-36 _ GSHS-10 _ GSHS-73 ____ GSMU-38A _ GSSN-37 _ GSHS-74 _ GSMU-39A _ GSSN-38 Best of Bit-Mapped Fonts _ 2 disk set = $5.00 _ 66 disk set (11-76) _ GSHS-75 _ GSMU-40A _ GSSN-39 = $198 _ GSHS-76 _ GSMU-41A _ GSMU-42 Sounds • CDev Best of Games _ GSHS-11 _ 5 disk set = $12.50 _ GSHS-12 Icons _ GSMU-43A rSounds _ GSHS-13 _ 12 disk set = $36 _ GSMU-44A _ 20 Disk Set = $60 _ GSHS-14 _ GSIC-OlB _ GSMU-45 _ GSSN-17A Best of Graphics _ GSHS-15 _ GSIC-02B _ GSMU-46 _ GSSN-18 _ 2 disk set = $5.00 _ GSHS-16 _ GSIC-03B _ GSMU-47 _ GSSN-19 _ GSHS-17 _ GSIC-04B ____ GSMU-48 _ GSSN-20 Best of Icons (Finder) _ GSHS-18 _ GSIC-05B _ GSMU-49 _ GSSN-21 _ 1 disk set = 2.50 _ GSHS-19 _ GSIC-06B _ GSMU-50 _ GSSN-22 _ GSIC-07B _ GSMU-51 _ GSSN-23 Best of Music _ GSHS-20 _ 4 disk set = $10.00 _ GSHS-21A _ GSIC-08A _ GSMU-52A _ GSSN-24 _ GSHS-22 _ GSIC-09A _ GSMU-53A _ GSSN-25 _ GSHS-23 _ GSIC-lOA _ GSMU-54A _ GSSN-26 Best of Sounds _ GSHS-24 _ GSIC-llA _ GSMU-55A _ GSSN-27 _ 2 disk set = $5.00 _ GSHS-25 _ GSIC-12A _ GSMU-56A _ GSSN-28 _ GSHS-26 _ GSMU-57A _ GSSN-29 Best of True Type Fonts _ GSHS-27 Membership _ GSMU-58A _ GSSN-30 _ 5 disk set= $12.50 _ GSHS-28 Directory _ GSMU-59 _ GSSN-31 _ GSHS-29 _ GSMD-01 _ GSMU-60 _ GSSN-32 Best of Utilities _ GSHS-30 _ GSMU-61 _ GSSN-33 _ 2 disk set = $5.00 _ GSHS-31 Miscellaneous _ GSMU-62 _ GSSN-34 _ GSHS-32 _ GSMS-OlA _ GSMU-63A _ GSSN-35 The Best of the Apple IIGs may _ GSHS-33 _ GSMU-64 _ GSSN-40 be purchased as a 25 disk set or _ GSHS-34 Music _ GSMU-65 as individual sets as listed _ GSHS-35 _ 83 disk set :=: $249 _ GSMU-66 Utilities above. _ GSHS-36 _ GSMU-OlC _ GSMU-67 _ 18 disk set = $54 _ GSHS-37 _ GSMU-02 _ GSMU-68 _ GSUT-OlC (*1) System 5.0.4 - 2 Disk Set ::: _ GSHS-38 _ GSMU-03 _ GSMU-69 _ GSUT-02 $6.00 _ GSHS-39 _ GSMU-04 _ GSMU-70 _ GSUT-03C (*2) Hyper Mover vl.1- 2 Disk _ GSHS-40 _ GSMU-05 _ GSMU-71 _ GSUT-04B Set= $6.00 _ GSHS-41 _ GSMU-06 _ GSMU-72 _ GSUT-05C (*3) GS Bug & Debug Tools vl.6 _ GSHS-42 _ GSMU-07 _ GSMU-73 _ GSUT-06A :::$3.00 _ GSHS-43 _ GSMU-08 _ GSMU-74 _ GSUT-07B (*4) System 6.0.1- 6 Disk Set= _ GSHS-44 _ GSMU-09 _ GSMU-75A _ GSUT-OBD $18.00 _ GSHS-45 ____ GSMU-10 _ GSMU-76 _ GSUT-09B (*5) Astronomer - 7 disk set _ GSHS-46 _ GSMU-11 _ GSMU-77 _ GSUT-lOB (GSED-01 to GSED-07) $21.00 _ GSHS-47 _ GSMU-12 _ GSMU-78 _ GSUT-llB _ GSHS-48 _ GSMU-13C _ GSMU-79 _ GSUT-12 Note: Some disks may contain _ GSHS-49 _ GSMU-14 _ GSMU-80 _ GSUT-13B Shareware. Please send the _ GSHS-50 _ GSMU-15 _ GSMU-81 _ GSUT-14 requested remittance to the _ GSHS-51 _ GSMU-16A _ GSMU-82 _ GSUT-15B author if you use the program. _ GSHS-52 _ GSMU-17 _ GSMU-83 _ GSUT-16 Most of the programs on these _ GSHS-53 _ GSMU-18A _ GSUT-17 library disks may require a IIGS _ GSHS-54 _ GSMU-19A Sounds _ GSUT-18 with a minimum of 1.25 megs of _ GSHS-55 _ GSMU-20A _ 20 disk set = $60 memory. _ GSHS-56 _ GSMU-21A _ GSSN-OlA Best of The Apple _ GSHS-57 _ GSMU-22 _ GSSN-02A IlGS _ GSHS-58 _ GSMU-23A _ GSSN-03 _ 25 disk set :=: _ GSHS-59 _ GSMU-24A _ GSSN-04 $56.25 _ GSHS-60 _ GSMU-25A _ GSSN-05 (save $6.25 -

ShellPlay05.SHK: Shellplay v0.5 by Brian Bening is an Amiga Module player Best of Music-Disk 1 that runs under the Orea Shell. It is most compatible with Protracker mods. Type ~shellplay MOD. whatever" while in will be continued in the ORCA. A couple keyboard commands are available while March Journal the music is playing.

February 1994. Washington Apple Pi Journal 77 . '6·!/4~'·»x8*8:' 31NF-14 3UTL-14 3INF-15 3PCL-07 3UTL-15 Graphics 3PCL-08 Accounting 43 disk set = $64.50 3INF-16 3UTL-16 3INF-17 3PCL-09 3UTL-17 3 disk set =$4.50 3GRX-01 3PCL-10 _ 3ACT-01B 3GRX-02 3INF-18 3UTL-18 31NF-19 3PCL-11 3UTL-19 _ 3ACT-02B 3GRX-03 3PCL-12 _ 3ACT-03B 3GRX-04 3INF-20 3UTL-20 3INF-21 3PCL-13 3UTL-21 3GRX-05 3PCL-14 3 Easy Pieces 3GRX-06 3INF-22 3UTL-22 31NF-24 3PCL-15 3UTL-23 Templates 3GRX-07 3PCL-16 15 disk set = $22.50 3GRX-08 3INF-25 3UTL-24 31NF-26 3PCL-17 3UTL-25A 3AWZ-01 3GRX-09 3PCL-18 3AWZ-02 3GRX-10 3INF-27 3UTL-26 3INF-28 3PCL-19 3UTL-27 3AWZ-03 3GRX-11 3PCL-20 3AWZ-04 3GRX-12 3INF-29 3UTL-28 3INF-30 3UTL-29 3AWZ-05 3GRX-13 Repairs 3AWZ-06 3GRX-14 31NF-31 3UTL-30 3INF-32 11 disk set= $16.50 3UTL-31 3AWZ-07 3GRX-15 3REP-01 3AWZ-08 3GRX-16 3INF-33 3UTL-32 3INF-34 3REP-02 3UTL-33 3AWZ-09 3GRX-17 3REP-03 3AWZ-10 3GRX-18 3INF-35 3UTL-34 3INF-36 3REP-04 3UTL-35 3AWZ-11 3GRX-19 3REP-05 3AWZ-12A 3GRX-20 3INF-37 3UTL-36 3INF-38 3REP-06 3UTL-37 3AWZ-13 3GRX-21 3REP-07 3AWZ-14 3GRX-22 3INF-39 3UTL-38 3REP-08 3UTL-39 3AWZ-15 3GRX-23 3REP-09 3GRX-24 Membership Directory 3UTL-40 3MRD-01 3REP-10 3UTL-41 Business Basic 3GRX-25 - 3REP-11 9 disk set= $13.50 3GRX-26 3MRD-02 3UTL-42 3UTL-43 3BSB-01 3GRX-27 TeleCommunications 3BSB-02 3GRX-28 Miscellaneous 3UTL-44A 20 disk set = $30 13 disk set = $19.50 3UTL-45 3BSB-03 3GRX-29A 3TEL-01 3BSB-04 3GRX-30 3MSC-Ol 3UTL-46 3MSC-02 3TEL-02 3UTL-47 3BSB-05 3GRX-31 3TEL-03 3BSB-06 3GRX-32 3MSC-03 3UTL-48 3MSC-04 3TEL-04 3UTL-49 3BSB-07 3GRX-33 3TEL-05 3BSB-08 3GRX-34 3MSC-05 3UTL-50 3MSC-06 3TEL-06 3UTL-51 3BSB-09A 3GRX-35 3TEL-07 3GRX-36 3MSC-07 3UTL-52A 3MSC-08 3TEL-08 3UTL-53 Disk Catalog (ASCD 3GRX-37 3TEL-09 TEXT) 3GRX-38 3MSC-09 3UTL-54 3MSC-10 3TEL-10 3UTL-55 _ 3 disk set = $3 or $1 3GRX-39 3TEL-11 per disk 3GRX-40 3MSC-ll 3UTL-56 3MSC-12 3TEL-12 _ 3CAT-01B - Disk 1 3GRX-41 3TEL-13 _ 3CAT-02B ·Disk 2 3GRX-42 3MSC-13 Word Processinl _ 3CAT-03B - Disk 3 3GRX-43 3MSC-14 _ 7 disk set = 10.50 3MSC-15 Utilities 3WDP-01B 3MSC-16 56 disk set = $84 3WDP-02 Disk Catalog (3 Information 3UTL-01A EZPC's) 37 disk set = $55.50 3MSC-17 3WDP-03 3MSC-18 3UTL-02 3WDP-04 _ 2 disk set= $2 or$1 3INF-02D 3UTL-03 per disk 3INF-03 3MSC-19A 3WDP-05 3MSC-20 3UTL-04B 3WDP-06 _ 3CAT-04B - Disk 1 3INF-04 3UTL-05A _ 3CAT-05B - Disk 2 3INF-05 3WDP-07 Pascal 3UTL-06 3INF-06 3UTL-07 Games 3INF-07 20 disk set = $30 3PCL-Ol 3UTL-08 Note: Some disks may 5 disk set= $7.50 3INF-08 3UTL-09 3GAM-01 3INF-09 3PCL-02 contain Shareware. 3PCL-03 3UTL-10 Please remit to the 3GAM-02 31NF-10 3UTL-11 3GAM-03A 3INF-11 3PCL-04 author of the program the 3PCL-05 3UTL-12 requested amount if you 3GAM-04 3INF-12 3UTL-13 3GAM-05 3INF-13 3PCL-06 use that program.

I Mail this form with your check to : Disketeria Are you a member of Washington Apple Pi, Ltd? YIN _. If Yes, Member Number ~ Washington Apple Pi All payments must be in U.S. funds drawn against U.S. banking institutions. ] 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 910 Non-members add $3.00 per disk to listed prices for 3.5" and $1.50 per disk for 5.25" disks. Bethesda_t_ Ma_rYJand 20814 #Disks Member I Price Extended Name 3.5" Singles I _ 4orless@ $4.00 $ Box Number, Apartment, Suite, etc. _ 5ormore@ $3.50 $ _ Sets (as marked) $(above) $ 5.25" Singles Street Address I _ 4orless@ $2.00 $ I _ 5ormore@ $1.75 $ City State Zip Code _ Sets (as marked) $(above) $ I + postage $1.00/disk, max. $5.00. $ Day Telephone Evening Telephone I TOTAL AMOUNT DUE $ I

~------~Please write disk numbers on a separate sheet of paper and include them with your order. 78 Washington Apple Pl Journal February 1994 Classified advertisements can be placed by mailing copy to the business office ofWashingtonApple Pi, Ltd., 7910 Woodmont Avenue, IIR..ll Suite 910, Bethesda, MD 20814. Be sure to include your WAP Question: What damages membership number and indicate area codes with your phone num­ floppies? bers. Ads must be received by the ad copy due date listed in the calendar page for that month in order to be included in the appropriate Answer: The most common issue. Any ads postmarked after that time will be included at the threat is magnetic fields. discretion of the editor. Cost is $2.00 I line (40 characters per line), Avoid placing them (the maximum 12 lines. Members ofWashingtonApple Pi, Ltd., may place floppies) near the phone ads up to three lines at no charge. The editor reserves the right to (its ringer becomes a large refuse any ads deemed inappropriate. magnet when in use), those SAFE OPEN signs For Sale specializing in custom information that stick to the large systems seeks database application metal safes, speakers, -EthernetCard with RJ 45 Port programmers to join our team of printers, etc. or Mac Ilci. Call Don Franklin 703- consultants. Should have 3+ years 978-2671 experience, with good client Also, when dry air allows relations and communication skills. -Mac Plus, 30 MB HD, static electricity to collect, Knowledge of 4th Dimension, Imagewriter II, Mouse, Manuals, take care to first touch Sequelink and SQL databases something which does not software $400. Call 703-971-7305 preferred. PC programming conduct, such as your desk, experience a plus. We provide an -Spectra Star 430-Thermal or the case of your com­ excellent work environment and Wax Postscript Color Printer, puter. opportunity for professional growth. 300 DPI, price $3,500.00; Wacom Respond to P.O. Box 57274, Tablet, $350.00; Aldus Freehand 3.1 Don't touch the disk inside Washington DC 20037-027 4 or via the floppy. $200.00; Ray Designer $200.00; ApplelinktoEAG.COM. Wearean MacDraw Pro $200.00 (latest Equal Opportunity Employer. upgrades) Call 410-437-4325 Services -AppleCDPlusScanner$250.00 like new, have user's guide and box. -File exchange service offered. Call Bob 703-450-0712 Apple II to Mac or IBM. Can handle AppleWorks, Bank Street Writer, Wanted MultiScribe, WordPerfect Ile. $15/ hour. Phil Shapiro, (202) 686-5465. -Phonet-like connectors MAC 14in or 16in color display, 840AV system; Supra Modem. Call Fred 202-483-4237 ALLNET SERVICE CENTER Apple and Macintoslz Specialists -MacintoshTutor wanted by new computer user in Bethesda area. Mac Plus/512 Power Supply $95 Prefer a teenager and/or student. I One MB Memory Upgrade Installed $48 can be reached via Maryland Relay Upgrade Mac 512 KE to Mac Plus w I 1 MB RAM $335 1-800-735-2258, then 301-229-6028. Laser Printer, Hard Drive, Floppy Drive Repair Call for our low rates • Pickup /Delivery Help Wanted On-site/Walk-in • Service Agreements -Consultant/Programmer­ Rapidly expanding DC based 3020 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA, Tel: 703-527-4300 consulting firm near Georgetown

February 1994 Washington Apple Pl Journal 79 Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 910, Bethesda, MD 20814 (301) 654-8060

Membership 'Application, ;'Please.pri~tor typ~~~ -

Name ______.._J>hol1e ~ (H)_,·------Phone,.~(W) _,,_ .. __ ...... ___.....,,.._, ......

.Company , Ad~s~ ------...... · ·...... · ..._·' ------....-...... -_...... ·.. · · Occupation · · Sponsor's N~e------f lease answer a few questions for us regarding your computer use. Check the computers/ equipment that you use on a regular basis.

D Applell 0 LISA D Performa 600 D Mac II Other 0 Applell+ D Macll D Centris 610 D IBM or Compatible D Applelle D Macllx D Centris 650 D Non-Apple Laptop D Applellc D Macllcx W AP has many Special Interest Groups (SIGs) D Applellc+ D Macllc+ and Activities. Fill in letter next to area of D AppleIIGS D Mac Ilci interest. J= Join Group, V= Volunteer D Laser128 D Mac Ilsi Apple Works SIG HOTLINE Apple II GS SIG 0 Franklin D Macllfx HyperTalk SIG Apple III SIG Mac Programmers 0 Apple ill (SARA) D MacVX Art SIG SIG D Mac128 D Mac PowerBook CAD SIG Music SIG D Mac 512/512e D Mac Duo Database SIG NOV A Educators Disabled SIG D MacPlus D Quadra 700 Mac/Apple Desktop Publishing Users SIG 0 MacSE D Quadra 900 SIG QuickTime SIG 0 MacSE30 D Quadra 950 Disk Library Stock SIG EdSIG (Education) __ D Mac Portable D Newton Telecommunications Excel SIG SIG (TCS) MacLCI,II,orill Performa 200 D D Federal SIG Women's SIG D Mac Classic I, II, D Performa 400 Game SIG ore

80 Washington Apple Pi Journal February 1994 Photo CD will change the way you capture and store color images.

Photographic Quality Images

Forever.

Good Better Our Kodak Photo CD scanner can scan Our Kodak Pro Photo CD scanner can about 100 images from 35mm slides or scan about 25 images from 35mm slides negatives onto a single Photo CD. Each or negatives or 2" x 2" and 4" x 5" trans­ image is stored at five resolutions. The parencies onto a single Pro Photo CD. highest resolution can produce a 7" x 10" The highest resolution can produce a color separation on a Postscript®image­ 14" x 20" color separation on a Post­ setter at 150 lpi. The cost per image is script®i magesetter at 150 lpi. The cost about $1.75 plus the price of the disc per image is less than $15 plus the price (under $10). of the disc (under $10).

The Publishers Service Bureau 4300 King Street, Alexandria, Virginia • 703 824-8022 Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. 791 O Woodmont Ave. , Suite 91 O Bethesda, MD 20814 Second Class February 1994 postage rates paid at Bethesda, MD

,_ micUPir~des 301-907-0300 ! , \.Jlue .\dded Re,l'lkr All AV Models Available

In the unlikely Ify ou'd like us to come co you, evenc your Apple" our goal is to respond co your request Macinco.5h" com- within eighch ours. And if you ch0o.5e pucer or peripheral _ to bring your Macintosh in, you can needs service, you :====~ expect co be up and running within have more choices + _ cwo business l llilifo~i! 40mhz Ult~· H igh Speed 60040 Proces.sor Ethernet & Appletalk Networking today than ever ' days. AT&T Digital Sigml Proces.IOr OMA SCil-U Disk Interface before. These full Screen Video (NTSC) 111/Qut Op1ional Ap~e CD-ROM 2W500/HXXl MBHard Dri1-es Since we are an Apple Authorized extended 16-Bit Stereo Sound 111/Qut Service Provider, we can offer in­ service warranty and out of warranty repairs. programs are High-Speed Hard Drives We can also offer our customers on­ designed to Fixed Storage Removable Storage site and carry-in service options for provide you Quantum 105 Meg ...... $319 Apple PowerCD ...... $539 seleaApple with maximum in Macinto.5h service. Toshiba 213 (Powetbook) ...... $5<)C) PU Syquest 44 (refwb) ...... $299 products. So scop by or call coday. And learn the Quantum 240 Meg ...... $349 PUSyquest 44 (new) ...... $369 PUSy quest 88 (refwb) ...... $499 specifics abouc full service for your Quantum425 Meg ...... $491) Fujitsu 520 Meg ...... $7C}!) PU Syquest 88 RW44 ...... $649 Macinto.5h. Fujitsu 1.2 Gig ...... $1,099 PU I0 5mb Sy~es t ...... $659 DEC 1.2 Gig ...... $1,099 PUC D Multi-Session Int ...... $499 Call us today for details on carry-in and on-site service. Quantum t.8 Gig ...... $1,599 Pll 128 Meg Opti:al ...... $999 0 Add $100 for External Dm?S PU !Gig Opti:al ...... $1,999

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