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Usaid/India Final Gender Analysis Report August 2019

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Usaid/India Final Gender Analysis Report August 2019 USAID/INDIA FINAL GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT AUGUST 2019 August 14, 2019 Contract No.: AID-OAA-TO-17-00018 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Banyan Global. This publication was produced for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Contract Number AID-OAA-TO-17-00018. It was prepared by Banyan Global under the authorship of Rekha Mehra and Deepak Saksena. Implemented by: Banyan Global 1120 20th Street NW, Suite 950 Washington, DC 20036 Phone: +1 202-684-9367 Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Recommended Citation: Mehra, Rekha and Saksena, Deepak. USAID/India Gender Analysis Report. Banyan Global. 2019. ii USAID/INDIA FINAL GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT 2019 CONTRACT NO.: AID-OAA-TO-17-00018 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Background 4 1.2 Purpose of the USAID/India Gender Analysis 4 2. METHODOLOGY 6 2.1 Inception Report 6 2.2 Primary Data Collection 6 2.3 Presentation of Preliminary Findings to USAID 7 2.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation and Report Preparation 7 2.5 Protection of Informant Information 7 3. COUNTRY CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND 9 3.1 Social and Economic Context and Findings 11 4. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, BY DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE 19 4.1 DO1 Findings and Recommendations: Health and resilience of India’s marginalized populations improved 19 4.2 DO2 Findings and Recommendations - India’s efforts to reduce pollution and address its health impacts enhanced 28 4.3 DO3 Findings: Sustainable Economic Growth and Development in the Region Enhanced 31 5. DONOR ACTIVITIES FOCUSED ON GENDER EQUALITY 39 ANNEX A: GENDER ANALYSIS SCOPE OF WORK 41 ANNEX B: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 51 ANNEX C: FINDINGS BY ADS205 DOMAIN 53 ANNEX D: LIST OF KEY DOCUMENTS CONSULTED 56 ANNEX E: GENDER ANALYSIS RESEARCH MATRIX 63 ANNEX F: INTERVIEW GUIDES FOR THE GENDER ANALYSIS 67 ANNEX G: LIST OF KEY INTERVIEWEES 73 ANNEX H: RESULTS FROM THE USAID/INDIA STAFF AND IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS SURVEYS ON GENDER INTEGRATION 76 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors of this report are deeply grateful for the thoughtful insights provided to them by all the people we met and interviewed at USAID and in the wider development community in India. We are deeply grateful for giving their time generously and for their commitment to development and for social justice in India. We would like to thank the entire USAID/India team, our reviewers whose comments were invaluable for fine-tuning the draft, and Kai Spratt for sharing the team’s work in India and her very useful guidance throughout, and particularly on how to do a gender analysis for a CDCS. We are especially appreciative of the efforts that Ritika Chopra took to share her knowledge and ideas, coordinate complex schedules, and keep us on track. She gave her time generously and was most supportive. Many thanks also to David Morgan and Victoria Rames at Banyan Global for their help. They provided excellent support on short time lines and under pressure. v ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank ADS Automated Directives Systems ANC Antenatal Care AOR Agreements Officer Representative BMGF Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CEEW Council on Energy Environment and Water CEFM Child, Early and Forced Marriage COR Contracts Officer Representative CSO Civil Society Organizations CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DFID Department for International Development (UK) DLE Dharma Life Entrepreneurs DO Development Objective DRM Disaster Risk Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction Management EU European Union EWS Early Warning Systems FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry FLO FICCI Ladies Organization GBV Gender-based Violence GDP Gross Domestic Product GEWE Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment GGI Gender Gap Index GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (Society for International Cooperation) GOI Government of India HUL Hindustan Unilever Ltd ICT Information and Communications Technology IFC International Finance Corporation IMR Infant Mortality Rate IP Implementing Partners IPV Intimate Partner Violence JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LFP Labor Force Participation LGBTI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MCSP Maternal and Child Survival Program MFI Micro-finance Industry MISAAL Moving India to Sanitation for All MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio MSME Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises NFHS National Family Health Survey NGO Non-governmental Organization NIDM National Institute for Disaster Management NPMU National Project Management Unit vi PAD Project Appraisal Document PHI Pollution and Its Health Impacts PPP Public-Private Partnerships REACH Reach Each Child project SBM-G Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen SC Scheduled Caste SHG Self-Help Groups SME Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises ST Scheduled Tribes STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics TA Technical Assistance TB Tuberculosis UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development USISPF U.S. India Strategic Partnership Forum VAW Violence against Women WASH Water Sanitation and Health WEEE Women’s Economic Empowerment and Equality WHO World Health Organization WIS Women in Sustainability wPOWER Partnership on Women’s Entrepreneurship in Clean Energy W-GDP White House Women’s Global Development and Prosperity Initiative vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/India contracted Banyan Global to undertake a countrywide gender analysis to inform the USAID/India 2020-2025 Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS). USAID/India specifically set out to identify key gender issues, inequalities, constraints, and opportunities in India, in the following sectors: Health (Tuberculosis, Maternal and Child Health, Family Planning), Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Water Security, Pollution and its Health Impacts (PHI), Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), and Digital Connectivity. The findings and recommendations in this report are intended to support USAID/India in the development of the CDCS and to enhance gender integration in the mission’s program cycle. Recommended language to include in CDCS The following is recommended language to include in the 2020-2025 CDCS for the following three sections in the CDCS: (1) Context, Challenges, and Opportunities; (2) the Goal; and (3) the Development Objectives (DO). Context, Challenges and Opportunities. India has made improvements in the lives of women, girls and sexual minorities over the last 20 years. Overall progress has included: high economic growth, reduced poverty; substantially lower rates of maternal mortality; improvements in gender parity in elementary and secondary education; and increased parity between women and men in higher education. However, women’s workforce participation has declined particularly among urban educated women. The vast majority of men and women are employed or self-employed in low-paying, vulnerable, and unprotected work. Women’s participation and leadership in government, business, and civil society is low relative to men. Gender-based violence (GBV) is pervasive - GBV in public spaces is commonplace and one-third of women experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Gender inequality intersects with and exacerbates other forms of social exclusion based on caste, religious minority status, sexual identity, and disability. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex (LGBTI) and third gender persons experience stigma, discrimination, and violence with high costs in terms of health, and job and productivity losses.1 Public violence and sexual harassment are believed to be significant deterrents to women’s participation in the labor force. India has the highest absolute number of child brides in the world. Patriarchal norms of son preference, the dominance of male authority, and a strict division of labor in care and paid work exacerbate gender inequalities. Over the next five years, USAID/India will intensify its efforts to support the Government of India (GOI), the private sector, and civil society organizations (CSO) to more meaningfully implement the many gender-responsive and transformative and social inclusion policies and initiatives in USAID’s areas of work. CDCS Goal. In order for India to accelerate its own inclusive development and foster enhanced regional connectivity, all of its citizens must have opportunities to participate in the nation’s development free of barriers related to gender, identity, geography, disability status or age. In the next five years USAID/India will measurably contribute to gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE), prevent or respond to GBV, and promote social inclusion. USAID will do this by: ensuring that all its strategies, projects, and LGBTI stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons. The term is used at USAID to include all sexual and gender minorities. It is used in a way that is broadly inclusive of sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, and bodily diversity. 1 activity designs are informed by a gender and social inclusion analysis; tracking indicators
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