Info7 2017-2 S-48-51

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Info7 2017-2 S-48-51 48 AUS WISSENSCHAFT UND FORSCHUNG info7 2|2017 Von »Old Media« zum interaktiven Radio? Julia Lorke Man startet gemeinsam in den Tag, sobald der Ra dio- Charakter zu bewahren. Es scheint also häufig so, als wecker klingelt, man liest gemeinsam Zeitung und würde man als Hörer tatsächlich Zeit mit den Mode- fährt gemeinsam zur Arbeit. Spätestens zur Rush ra toren der Radiosendung verbringen. Aller dings Hour trifft man sich im Auto wieder, kocht gemein- scheint die Kommunikation hier eher unidirektional sam, geht zu Bett und ist am nächsten Morgen, wenn zu sein, und das ist eine eher wenig attraktive Kom- der Wecker klingelt, wieder vereint. Die Rede ist hier munikationsform in zwischenmenschlichen Bezieh- nicht von zwischenmenschlichen Beziehun gen son- un gen. Dank des technologischen Fort schritts sind dern es geht um die Beziehung zwischen dem Radio jedoch auch im Bereich von Radio und seinem Pub- und seinen Hörern. Radio wird nicht umsonst als likum vielfältige Kommu nika tions for men möglich. Dr. Julia Lorke Imperial College „the intimate medium“ bezeichnet, denn Radio be- Nach Tiziano Bonini lässt sich die historische Ent- London gleitet uns in Alltagssituationen, sogar solche, die wir wicklung der Beziehung des Mediums Radio zu sei- MSc Science Communication sonst nur mit unserem Partner oder unserer Familie nem Publikum in vier Phasen einteilen (siehe Tabelle 1). South Kensington verbringen. Aber selbst wenn wir ganz alleine Radio Diese Phasen zeigen deutlich, wie technologi- Campus - oder natürlich Podcasts – hören werden wir meist sche Entwicklungen dazu beigetragen haben, dass London SW7 2AZ +49 2821 8067 39730 direkt angesprochen von den Moderatoren. Zudem neue Kommunikationsformen fürs Radio möglich [email protected] sind Radiosendungen häufig live, oder zumindest als wurden. Durch Smartphones und Social Media kann „as-live“-Format produziert, um genau diesen live- das Publikum nun nicht mehr nur passiver Kon- *Vortragsmanus- kript (gehalten auf sument sein, sondern aktiv zur Programmgestaltung der Frühjahrsta - beitragen. Mehr Partizipation aufseiten des Publi- gung des vfm am Phasen Merkmale 25. April 2017) kums, hat aber auch Konsequenzen für die Tätigkeit von Pro duzenten und Redakteuren, so gewinnt bei 1) 1920-1945 - Propagandainstrument interaktiven Formaten das Kuratieren an Bedeutung. - Medium für Bildungs- und Zudem ermöglichen Plattformen wie Facebook, Twit- Erziehungszwecke ter & Co die direkte Kommunikation zwischen Radio- - Publikum ist unsichtbar für ma chern und Hörern außerhalb der Sendezeit. Radiomacher und vice versa Wie so oft ist also in der Theorie vieles möglich, Leserbriefe - aber finden diese Möglichkeiten wirklich Eingang in => top-down/ one -to-many unseren Alltag? Sind wir wirklich schon in Phase 4 broadcast angekommen? Sind die Tage des einsamen Radioma- 2) 1945-1994 - Transistorradio erhöht Mobilität chers, der seiner anonymen, passiven Hörerschaft Freie Radiosender, Piratensender - Nachrichten ins Ohr spricht, wirklich gezählt? Wird Call-ins - das Potential von Social Media zur Interaktion zwi- 3) 1994-2004 - Citizen journalism schen Radiomachern und Hörern für einen echten - Email , Textnachrichten Dialog mit ihrem Publikum oder lediglich als kosten- - Podcasttechnologie günstiges Marketinginstrument genutzt? 4) 2004-heute - Social network sites (social Diesen Fragen bin ich in meiner Abschlussarbeit media) im Rahmen meines „Science communication“- Master- => Kommunikationsformen: studien gangs am Imperial College London nachge- horizontal; one-to-one, one-to- gangen und zwar an einem konkreten Beispiel: Ra- many, many-to-one und many- diosen dun gen rund um Technologie und Wissen- to-many schaft. Aus der Perspektive der Wissenschafts kom- AUS WISSENSCHAFT UND FORSCHUNG 49 Abbildung 1: Screenshots der ana- lysierten Websites munikation tangiert diese Fragestellung einen zen- Neben Unterschieden in Bezug auf die Dauer der tralen akademischen Diskurs. So hat in der Theorie Verfügbarkeit von Streaming- und Downloadan ge- der Wissen schaftskommunikation ein Paradigmen- boten sowie der Bandbreite und Regelmäßigkeit von wechsel vom Defizit-Modell zum Dialog-Modell statt- Multimediainhalten, zeigten sich auch unterschiedli- gefunden. Die Frage ist nun, inwieweit sich jedoch che Social-Media-Strategien. Während Programm- traditionelle Formate wie Radioprogramme zu Natur- websites von Deutschlandfunk einheitlich auf die wissen schaf ten und Technik dem Dialog zwischen Social Media Accounts des Senders linkte, wirkte die Experten und Gesellschaft öffnen. Gerade durch den Verlinkung von Social Media Accounts auf den Fokus auf ein bestimmtes Themengebiet macht hier Programmwebsites der BBC eher willkürlich (Tabelle 2). eine Analyse auf Programmebene mehr Sinn als auf Generell linken aber alle Programmwebsites, au- Senderebene. ßer die des Nature Podcasts, zu Social Media Ac- counts. Bis auf eine Ausnahme sind die Accounts je- VERGLEICHENDE WEBSITENANALYSE doch nicht programmspezifisch, sondern Accounts des Senders, der Moderatoren oder allgemeinere Ein erster Anlaufpunkt für Hörer, um mit einem Radio- Facebook-Newsseiten. Click ist die einzige Sendung, programm online zu interagieren, ist die Web site der die zu einer programmspezifischen Präsenz linkt. Tabelle 1: Die histori- entsprechenden Sendung. Im Rahmen der Studie habe Bei der Digital Planet Listeners Gruppe handelt es sche Entwicklung der Beziehung zwischen ich im Zeitraum Juli-August 2015 Websites der folgen - sich um eine Facebook-Gruppe, die von Hörern initi- Radio und seinem den neun Radioprogramme und eines Podcasts ana- iert wurde und zu der der Moderator der Sendung Publikum (verändert nach Bonini, T., 2014. lysiert. erst nachträglich Administratorrechte bekommen The new role of radio hat. Diese Sonderstellung von Click gab Anlass dazu, and its public in the age BBC Radio 4: of social network sites. die Interaktionen zwischen dem Click-Team und den First Monday, Volume • Inside Science Click-Hörern genauer zu untersuchen. Vergleichend 19, Number 6) BBC World Service: dazu wählte ich Inside Science aus, da es in dieser Tabelle 2: Links zu • Click Sendung zweimal im Jahr eine Sonderausgabe gibt, Social Media Accounts • Science in Action in der Experten Fragen der Hörer beantworten. Diese auf den Programm- • Health Check websites Deutschlandfunk • Sprechstunde Programm Facebook Twitter • Wissenschaft im Brennpunkt Health Check BBC World Service (Page) BBC World Service • Computer und Kommunikation Click (vormals Digital Planet Listeners (Group) Presenter, Producer & Co-Host RBBradioeins • Die Profis Digital Planet) DRadio Wissen Inside Science - BBC Radio 4 • Hörsaal Science in Action BBC Science News (Page) BBC Science Nature Podcast 50 AUS WISSENSCHAFT UND FORSCHUNG info7 2|2017 Facebook-Seiten/Gruppen BBC Science News Digital Planet Listeners • 234283 Follower • 9236 Mitglieder • 77 Posts • 59 Posts (18 Mitglieder) • 363 Kommentare & 3440 likes • 414 Kommentare & 643 likes Tabelle 3: Ergebnisse • 323 geteilte Beiträge • Gareth Mitchell: der Analyse der • 1 Kommentar von BBC Science News 4 Posts & 11 Kommentare Hash tags der Radiosendungen • 23 Posts über die STEM- Radioprogramme • 2 Posts Audience Engagement Hashtags #BBCInsideScience #BBCClickRadio 124 (106+ 18 Antworten) 44 (40 + 4 Antworten) 15 vom Moderator 9 vom Moderator 11 von anderen BBC-Mitarbeitern 8 vom Co-Moderator 0 vom Producer 6 vom Producer Tabelle 4: 5 von Gästen 4 von Gästen Ergebnisse des Vergleichs der BBC Science News 60% Promotion 9% Promotion Facebook-Page und 27% Behind the scenes 74% Behind the scenes der Digital Planet Listeners Facebook- 13% Antworten 17% Antworten Gruppe 0% Audience Engagement 0% Audience Engagement fand auch im Untersuchungszeitraum von April bis Click-Team Twitter eher zu nutzen scheint, um Ein- Juni 2015 statt. Die Hörer wurden in den Sendungen blicke hinter die Kulissen der Sendung zu geben. zwar aufgefordert, über Email und Twitter in Kontakt Alternativ zur Interaktion über Hashtags, er- zu treten, allerdings wurden nur in 2 von 12 regulä- möglicht Twitter auch den direkten Kontakt mit den ren Sendungen Kommentare der Zuschauer in die Moderatoren der Sendung. Der Vergleich der Akti- Sendung aufgenommen. Click hingegen fordert Hörer vitäten der Moderatoren auf Twitter am Tag der er- auf, über die Facebook-Gruppe oder Twitter in Kon- sten Ausstrahlung der wöchentlichen Sendung und takt zu treten. Hörerbeiträge wurden im Untersu- dem Tag danach zeigt, dass Adam Rutherford (Inside chungs zeitraum zwar nicht in die eigentliche Sen- Science) deutlich aktiver ist als Gareth Mitchell dung aufgenommen, aber in die Podcast-Extras und (Click). Diese Suche nach @AdamRutherford ergab das in 11 von 12 Episoden. Im Rahmen des Podcasts 366 Tweets in zwei Tagen, davon waren 60 Tweets wurden auch Livestreams über Periscope angekün- vom Moderator selbst gepostet. Im Vergleich dazu er- digt. Inter ak tio nen mit den Hörern scheint also bei gab die Suche nach @GarethM nur 22 Tweets, davon Inside Science eher eine Ausnahme im Rahmen der sind allerdings 10 vom Moderator selbst. 32% der eigentlichen Sendung zu sein, während es bei Click Tweets von Adam Rutherford beziehen sich auf die ein fester Bestandteil des Podcasts ist. Radiosendung, bei Gareth Mitchell sind es 70%. Twitter wird also von beiden Moderatoren genutzt, CASE STUDIES um über die Radiosendung zu kommunizieren. Twit- ter hat demnach Potential als Kommunika tions platt- Eine Analyse der Tweets mit den Hashtags der Pro- form für Moderatoren. Dabei ist einerseits eine hohe gramme #BBCInsideScience
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