Chess Tactics David Macenulty

Home , Deflection (chess), Interference (chess), Miron Sher, Pin (chess), Windmill (chess)

MY FIRST BOOK OF Chess Tactics David MacEnulty

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ISBN: 978-1-941270-1-41

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Acknowledgments Contents

This book would not have been written were it not for the two Bruces: my Introduction ...... 6 mentor as a beginning teacher over twenty years ago, Life Master Bruce 1 Chess Notation...... 8 Alberston, whose innovations in chess teaching have been an inspiration to me at every step along the way, and National Master Bruce Pandolfini, who 2 Exchange Guide...... 13 has been both friend and guide as I traveled the always exciting world of Tactics Overview...... 14 teaching chess. 3 En Prise...... 20 I am also grateful to Mitchell Fitzko, Alex Beltre, Fritz Gaspard and 4 Elizabeth Vicary Spiegel, all of whom made important suggestions that 5 Take a More Valuable Piece ...... 29 have been incorporated into this book. I am also deeply indebted to Grandmaster Miron Sher and National Master Bruce Pandolfini for lending 6 More (or Better) Attackers than Defenders...... 35 their wisdom to this project. 7 Fork...... 43 Most importantly, I thank my students at C.E.S. 70; they taught me a lot 8 Pin...... 68 about how and why people learn. They were the inspiration for this book, and I have used many positions from their tournament games in this work. 9 Skewer...... 91 Several years have passed since the first version of this book appeared. I 10 Discovery and Discovered Check ...... 98 have made several additions and, I hope, improvements in this edition. I am 11 Double Check...... 107 further indebted to Mitchell Fitzko for his proofreading of this edition. He saved me from many embarrassing errors. Those that remain are entirely 12 Overload or Overworked Piece...... 112 my fault. 13 Remove the Guard ...... 121 14 Deflection...... 127 15 Decoy...... 134 16 Trapping...... 142 17 Four More Tactical Ideas: X-Ray, Interference, Clearance, and the Windmill...... 151 18 Make the Right Capture...... 156 19 Mixed Tactics...... 165 Part One ...... 167 Part Two...... 172 Unit 1...... 173 Unit 2...... 182 Answers to Unit 2...... 206 20 Strategy and Tactics...... 197 of our repertoire. Indeed, pattern recognition is the key to success in Introduction every field. Whether the arena is woodworking, house painting, writing, horseback riding, sales, business, medicine, or anthing else, those who have This book is based on three big ideas: fully integrated the relevant patterns and know how to appropriately and creatively apply them will perform at a very high level. 1) Tactics are based on basic patterns that can be learned through organized study. I strongly suggest that, just as a musician practices an exercise many times, 2) Tactics are the ways chess players gain a material advantage; all other the student go through this book several times. The more times a player things being equal, the player with a material advantage has the better sees a pattern, the more that pattern becomes a working part of the player’s chances to win the game. vocabulary. As the great martial artist Bruce Lee once said, “Without 3) The chess player who knows tactics beats one who doesn’t. technique there can be no art.” This is a book designed to develop an important aspect of chess technique, that of tactical thinking. There is a famous quote that chess is 99% tactics. Whether that particular number is true or not, there is no question that tactics contribute mightily to winning and At this early stage in a chess player’s development, verifying the answer is losing chess games. Many opening ideas are based on tactical considerations, critical. For this reason, I have provided answers at the bottom of the page. many games are won or lost due to middlegame tactics, and many of the common The answers can be quickly checked without having to go to the end of the checkmate patterns rely on tactics for their implementation. chapter or the end of the book to find the correct move. The print on these answers is intentionally small, making them easy to cover while trying to When I first started teaching, I was frustrated by the search for material on solve the problems. Once you think you have the answer, check your work by tactics. Most of what was available was either too difficult for beginners, or looking at the correct solution given at the bottom of the page. After verifying was not thematic in approach. I couldn’t find a book that broke the patterns the answer, look at the pattern again to lock the pattern in your brain. down in the way my beginning students needed. I started borrowing a little here, a little there, and finally realized I would have to create my own At the end of each chapter there are a few games featuring the tactic materials. The more I learned about teaching, the more I learned what my presented in that chapter. In each game, one player makes some significant students needed, and the better I was able to construct puzzles to help them error(s). Errors in chess invite a tactical response. A large part of winning learn in an organized, sequential way. at chess is taking advantage of the mistakes of your opponent. All chess players make mistakes. Recognizing and punishing your opponent’s My first training was as a musician. I spent thousands of hours practicing mistakes are essential to playing winning chess. An unpunished error can scales, intervals, and many other exercises to master my craft. These turn a bad move into a winning attack. technical exercises are based on the idea that musicians’ fingers and ears must have an automatic response to the thousands of musical patterns they The final section of puzzles, Mixed Tactics Part Two, are a step up in perform. Since repetition is the mother of retention, musicians practice difficulty from the earlier ones. In the earlier puzzles the tactic is simply these patterns over and over and over. there, waiting for you to find it. In the final section, the student must find the move that sets up the tactical trick. These will require a lot of thought and a This book, then, is a chess version of music technique books. First, the lot of patience -- two qualities chess players are known for. students are given a very basic idea, or pattern, and then they have a chance to practice it with many examples. Just as a musician learns to play one If the final puzzles seem too difficult at first, set up the position on a board and note, then another, then a third, and then joins them together for a simple try to figure it out without moving the pieces. The trick is to do them in your tune, chess players must learn one pattern, then another, and then join them head, as you would if you were playing a real game with a live opponent. This together for a connected series of moves. takes a lot of practice, but the rewards are well worth the effort. Musicians need ear training; chess players need eye training. We need to If, after about fifteen minutes of trying to figure out the solution, you are still be able to see patterns on the chessboard just as a musician hears patterns stuck, I recommend looking up the answer and trying to visualize all the moves, of sound. This can only be done by repetition. We must see the pattern again without moving the pieces. After you can correctly see the moves without many times in multiple variations before it becomes an automatic part touching the pieces, then practice the sequence moving the pieces.

6 Introduction 7 rppp A Relative Pin is a pin against any piece other than the king. CHAPTER 8 cuuuuuuuuC {qdwdwiwd} 8 What to do: Pin 7 1) Look for enemy pieces lined up on {dwdwdwdw} the same rank, file, or diagonal. Hold an enemy piece in place. 6 {wdwdwdwd} 2) Find one of your pieces that {dwdndwdw} 5 can attack the front piece and, attacking through it like an X-ray, 4 {wdwdwdwd} hit the second piece. 3 WHAT’S THE BIG IDEA? {dwdwdBdP} 3) Attack! A pin keeps a piece from moving. A piece that can’t move has lost its {wdwdw)Pd} 2 power. A pin occurs when a queen, rook, or bishop attacks an enemy piece, 1 and if that piece were to move, there would be an attack on another piece {dwdwdRIw} behind it. vllllllll a b c d e f g h cuuuuuuuuC {wdwiwdwd} 8 Pieces that can Pin: In the diagram above, the bishop on f3 attacks the enemy knight on d5. If 7 Only the queen, rook, and bishop the knight were to move, the black queen on a8 would be under attack. The {dwdwdwdw} can Pin. knight is pinned to the queen. This is called a relative pin, because it is not 6 {wdwdwdwd} These are the three long-range illegal to move the knight. In this position, moving the knight is not a good {dwdndwdw} 5 pieces, those that can travel across idea, but at least it does not break the rules. the whole board in one move. {wdwdwdwd}4 cuuuuuuuuC Their ability to attack along an entire 8 3 {dwdwdwdw} rank, file, or diagonal gives these {wdwdwdkd} 7 {wdwdwdwd} 2 three pieces the power to Pin. {dwdwdp0p} 6 {dwdRdwdK} 1 {wdwdwdwd} 5 vllllllll a b c d e f g h {dwdndwdw} {wdwdwdwd}4 3 In the diagram above the d1-rook attacks the d5-knight, and if the knight {dwdwdwdP} were to move, Black’s d8-king would be under attack. {wdwdwdPd} 2 This is called an Absolute Pin, because the pin is against the king. Moving {dwdRdwdK} 1 out of an absolute pin is illegal, since it puts the king in check. vllllllll a b c d e f g h

A pin can even be against an empty square, as in the diagram above. Here the knight is pinned to d8. Moving the knight would allow 1 Rd8#.

68 8 Pin 69 Pins are a very important part of chess. This chapter is divided into cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC six parts: {wdwiwdw4} 8 {wdwdwdwd} 8 Part 1 Find the Pin. {dwdwdwdp} 7 {dwdwdpiw} 7 Part 2 Piling On the Pinned Piece. Since a pinned piece can’t (or shouldn’t) {wdwdwdwd} 6 {qdwdwdpd} 6 move, a good thing to do is to attack it again. We call this “piling on.” {dPdwdwdw} 5 {dwdwdwdw} 5 Part 3 A Pinned Piece Does Not Protect. A pinned piece, having lost the {Pdwhwdwd}4 {wdRdwdw)}4 power to move, is often not effective in protecting other pieces. {dwdwdwdP} 3 {dwdwdw)w} 3 Part 4 Breaking a Pin, Avoiding a Pin, and Nullifying the Danger of a Pin {KGwdwdPd} 2 {wdPdwdwd} 2 Part 5 Illusory Pins. Sometimes a pinned piece does protect. To make that 1 1 point, we have included a couple of famous examples when a pinned unit {dwdwdwdw}{dwdwdKdw} a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h will move, allowing the loss of the queen but winning the game. vllllllll vllllllll The white b2-bishop pins the black The black a6-queen pins the white Part 6 Escape from a Pin. Not all pins render the piece powerless. knight to the rook. rook to the king. Sometimes there are clever ways to escape. Pin Examples cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC {wdwdkdwd} 8 {wdwdwdkd} 8 {dwdwdwdw} 7 {dpdwdp0w} 7 {wdwdwdwd} 6 {pgwdpdw0} 6 {dwdw1wdw} 5 {dwHwdwdw} 5 {wdwdwdwd}4 {wdwdwdwd}4 {dwdwdwdw} 3 {)w)wdwdw} 3 {wdwdw)P)} 2 {wdwdwdw)} 2 {dwdQ$wIw} 1 {dKdwdw$w} 1 vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h The white e1-rook pins the black The black b6-bishop pins the white queen to the king. knight to the rook.

70 Pin 8 8 Pin 71 PART 1 FIND THE PIN Rook Pins Bishop Pins cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC {wdwdwdkd} 8 {wdwdwdwi} 8 {wdwdwdwi} 8 {wdkdwdwd} 8 {dwdw4wdw} 7 {dwdwdpdw} 7 {dwdwdwdw} 7 {dwdwdwdw} 7 {wdwdwdwd} 6 {rdwdwdw0} 6 {wdwdwdwd} 6 {wdwdrdwd} 6 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {dwdw4wdw} 5 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {wdwdwdBd}4 {wdwdNdwI}4 {wdwdwdwd}4 {wdKdwdwd}4 {dwdwdwdw} 3 {dwdwdw)w} 3 {dwdwdwdw} 3 {dwdwdwdw} 3 {wdwdwdwd} 2 {wdwdwdw)} 2 {wdwdwGwd} 2 {wdwdwdwd} 2 {dwdwdwIw} 1 {dwdwdwdw} 1 1 1 vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h {dwdwdwdK}{dwdBdwdw} 5. Black to move. 6. Black to move. vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h 1. White to move. 2. White to move. cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC {wdwdwdwd} 8 {wdwdkdwd} 8 cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC 7 7 8 8 {dwdwdwdw}{dwdwdwdw} {wdkdbdwd}{wdwdbdwd} 6 6 7 7 {w$Kdwdwd}{wdwdqdwd} {dwdwdwdw}{dwiwdwdw} 5 5 6 6 {dwdpiwdw}{dwdwdwdw} {wdwdwdwd}{wdwdwdwd} 4 4 5 5 {wdwdwdwd}{wdwdwdw$} {dwdwdNdw}{dwdwdwdw} 3 3 4 4 {dwdwdwdw}{dwdwdBdP} {wdwdwdwd}{wdwdQdwd} 2 2 3 3 {wdwdwdwd}{wdwdwdPI} {dwdwdwdw}{dwdwdwdw} 1 1 {wdKdwdwd} 2 {wdwdwdwd} 2 {dwdwdwdw}{dwdwdwdw} 1 1 vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h {dwdwdwdw}{dwdwdwdK} 7. White to move. 8. White to move. vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h 3. Black to move. 4. Black to move.

Answers: Answers: 1. 1 Bd4 pins the rook to the king. 5. 1... Rg7 pins the bishop to the king. 2. 1 Bg4 pins the rook to the king. 6. 1... Ra4 pins the knight to the king. 3. 1... Bg6 pins the knight to the king. 7. 1 Rb5 pins the pawn to the king. 4. 1... Bc6 pins the queen to the king. 8. 1 Re4 pins the queen to the king.

72 Pin 8 8 Pin 73 Queen Pins Mixed Pins: Find the Pin cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC This is a mixture of pins with the bishop, rook and queen. {wdwdwdQd} 8 {wdqdwdwd} 8 cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC {dwdwdwdw} 7 {dkdwdwdw} 7 {wdwdkdwd} 8 {Rdwdwdwd} 8 {wdwdwdwd} 6 {wdwdwdwd} 6 {dwdwdwdw} 7 {dw0wdw0k} 7 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {dwdNdwdK} 5 {wdqdwdwd} 6 {PdNdwdb0} 6 {wdwdwdwd}4 {PdwdwdPd}4 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {dwdwdwdw} 3 {dwdwdwdw} 3 {wdwdwdRd}4 {wdwdwdwd}4 {wIpdwdwd} 2 {wdwdwdwd} 2 {dwdwdwdK} 3 {4wdwdwdP} 3 {dwdkdwdw} 1 {dwdwdwdw} 1 {wdwdwdwd} 2 {wdwdwdPI} 2 vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h {dwdBdwdw} 1 {dwdwdwdw} 1 9. White to move. 10. Black to move. vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC 13. White to move. 14. Black to move. {wdwdwdwd} 8 {wdwdwdkd} 8 cuuuuuuuuCcuuuuuuuuC {dpiwdwdw} 7 {dwdwdp0p} 7 {rdbdkgw4} 8 {wdwdwdqd} 8 {qdwdwdwd} 6 {p4wdpdwd} 6 {dp0wdp0p} 7 {dwdwdwdw} 7 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {dwdw)wdw} 5 {pdpdwhwd} 6 {w)kdwdwd} 6 {wdwdNdw)}4 {wdwhw)Qd}4 {dwdwdwdw} 5 {)wdwdwdp} 5 {)wdwdw)w} 3 {)wdwdwdP} 3 {wdwdqdwd}4 {wdwdwHwd}4 {w)wdwGwd} 2 {K)wdwdwd} 2 {dwdwdNdw} 3 {dwdwdw)P} 3 {dwdwIwdw} 1 {dwdwdwdw} 1 {P)P)w)P)} 2 {wdBdwdKd} 2 vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h {$NGQdRIw} 1 {dwdwdwdw} 1 11. Black to move. 12. White to move. vllllllll a b c d e f g h vllllllll a b c d e f g h 15. White to move. 16. Black to move.

Answers: 9. 1 Qb3 pins the pawn to the king. Black’s c2-pawn was about to promote, but now White Answers: will take the pawn next move. 13. 1 Ba4 pins the queen to the king. 10. 1... Qc5 pins the knight to the king. 14. 1... Be4 pins the knight to the rook. 11. 1... Qe6 pins the knight to the king. 15. 1 Re1 pins the queen to the king. 12. 1 Qg1 pins the knight to the rook. 16. 1... Qa2 pins the bishop to the king.

74 Pin 8 8 Pin 75