Department of Foods and Nutrition College of Home Science MPUAT, Udaipur

M.Sc. Researches (1999-2016)

1999-2000

NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF MARKET BASED PULSE PRODUCTS.

Research Scholor: Ms. Marinal mathur

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs) Shashi Jain

Today, with an increase in working women's population, even traditionally home made sweets and namkeen are now being brought out from market. In this investigation pulse based sweet and savoury products commonly purchased from the local market were identified and analyzed for their nutrient composition. For identification of common products, thirty day scholar students of Home Science College, Udaipur were surveyed. The questionnaire was distributed to them to collect information regarding the pulse based products commonly consumed and purchased by their families, along with the shops from where these were generally purchased. On the basis of information collected, a list of shops was prepared and arranged in cumulative frequency. Out of this, top ten shops were selected for the procurement Twenty products including five sweets and fifteen savoury, were selected for analysis selected sweets were imerti, Besan ladoo, bundi ladoo, Besan burfi and sohan papdi and savoury were Fried chana dhal, mogar, Fried whole moong, fried masoor dhal, dhal moth, Namkeen boondi, Bhujia, Plain sev, Mix sev, Ganthiya, Phaphade, Dhal kachori, Khaman, Chang jhor garam and Roasted Ghana. Each product was analysed for proximate composition and minerals using standard procedures.

Results of survey revealed that a variety of sweets and savoury products were consumed and purchased by most of the respondents. More than 50 percent of them purchased Imerti, Besan ladoo, Bundi ladoo, Sohan papdi and Besan burfi. About 70 percent of the respondents purchased the same savoury products that were sleeted for the present study.The moisture content of products (per 100g) ranged from 0.6 to 49.3g, protein 4.25g to 19.26g, fat 3.7g to 40g, ash 0.85g to 4g, fibre 0g to 3.7g and carbohydrate 34g to 72g per 100g of the cooked product.The minerals calcium, iron, zinc, managanese, sodium and potassium ranged 7.9- 82.39, 0-8.7 , 0-4.5, 0-1.94, 92-1945.8 and 96.5- 850mg per 100g of cooked product pectively. The highest fat absorption was calculated as 72 percent in Namkeen boondi. The lowest energy content was found in Khaman i.e. 215Kcal and highest in Narnkeen boondi i.e. 569 Kcal per 100g of cooked product. Results of analysis revealed that the selected pulse based market products aregood source of energy and fat and they also supply other nutrients in appreciable amounts. The analysed value using cooked products were compared with the calculated value using raw ingredients. The difference found between the values, may be due to losses during cooking. Thus it is suggested that nutrient composition of a product should always be calculated on the basis of cooked samples, to get actual nutritive values. Hence the present study serves as a ready reckoner for housewives, nutritionists and dietitians. A STUDY ON THE NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SUPPLEMENTARY FOODS BASED ON RAGI, MAIZE, BARLEY AND THEIR ACCEPTABILITY AMONG PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN

Research Scholar: Manju Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr S Mathew

Locally available ragi, maize and barley were selected for the preparation of biscuit, laddu, mathri and khichri. Recipe for each dish was standardised in the laboratory and the same was served to forty two children, attending the nursery school in the College of Homo Science. The acceptability of each dish was estimated by the actual physical weighing of the amount served and the edible portion returned in the plate. Out of all the three grains selected, preparation made from maize were preferred more by the children as the plate waste recorded was the lowest, when compared to that of those prepared from ragi and barley. Out Of all the dishes selected mathri prepared from ragi, maize and barley was preferred more by children. A significant difference in the amount of dishes wasted between the male and female children were noted as the plate waste was found more in the case of girls than that of boys. All the raw and cooked samples were analyzed for the ash, moisture, protein, calcium, magnesium and iron contents. Commercially prepared glucose biscuits were also analysed for its nutritional composition for comparing the same with that of homemade. It was found that glucose biscuit had the lowest values for the protein, calcium, phosphorus magnesium and iron.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ASCORBIC ACID RETENTION IN SELECTED VEGETABLES COOED BY BOILING PRESSURE COOKING AND SOLAR COOKING

Research Scholar: Sheela George

Major Advisor: Dr S Mathew

The present study was conducted to find out the effect of different cooking methods on the ascorbic acid content of the selected vegetables. It was found that pressure cooking required the minimum cooking time, 2 to 3 minutes, and solar cooking the maximum, 20 to 50 minutes. The amount of water needed for cooking was maximum during plain boiling (25 to 75 ml) followed by pressure cooking (15 to 25 ml) and solar cooking (10 ml). All the raw and cooked samples were analysed for their ascorbic acid content. The ascorbic acid content of raw fenugreek, cabbage, spinach, bathua, cauliflower, Clusterbeans, potato and amla was noted as 215.0, 96.2, 35.0, 81.0, 100.0, 25.0, 30.0 and 625.0 mg per 100 gms of samples respectively.

The losses of ascorbic acid due to cooking varied with the method employed. The average ascorbic acid content of fenugreek, cabbage, spinach, bathua, cauli-flower, clusterbeans, amla and potato was found to be 174.0, 70.0, 27.6, 61.0, 74.0, 17.0, 550.0 and 21.6 mg per 100 3ms by pressure cooking, 156.0, 58.0, 22.0, 55.0, 53.0, 12.0, 43.0 and 18.0 mg per 100 gms by plain boiling and 138.0, 44.0, 15.2, 43.0, 40.0, 9.0. 300.0 and 14.4 mg per 100 gms of samples by solar cooking respectively. In leafy vegetables the percent retention of ascorbic acid ranged from 74.80 to 80.93, 60.30 to 72.90, 40.40 to 64.20 during pressure cooking, plain boiling and solar cooking, while cauliflower and cluster beans retained 58.0 and 48.0, 74.0 and 68.0, and 40.0 and 36.0 percent respectively. In potato the ascorbic acid retention was found to be 72.0, 60.0 and 48.0 percent while in amla the same was noted as 88.0, 72.0 and 48.0 percent during pressure cooking, plain boiling and solar cooking respectively. The retention of ascorbic acid was highest in pressure cooking, followed by plain boiling and solar cooking The time required for cooking the vegetables in the solar cooker during summer and winter was studied separately. It was observed that during summer when the ambient temperature was higher, the temperature attained wide the solar box increased thereby bringing a reduction in the cooking time of vegetables. In summer, the time required to cook the vegetables was lesser than that of winter. The raw and the solar cooked samples were analysed for their ascorbic acid content during summer as well with the reduction in the cooking time during summer, higher retention of ascorbic acid was noted as compared to winter season, when time required to cook the vegetables was longer. The ascorbic acid retention was 45.70 percent in cabbage and 43.40 percent in spinach when cooked for 30 and 20 minutes respectively, whereas when the cooking time decreased to 12 and 10 minutes, higher ascorbic acid retentions of 58.26 and 60.19 percent were noted in cabbage and spinach. The comparative study revealed that there was not much difference in the ascorbic acid retention in vegetables cooked in the solar cooker during summer and their plain boiled counterparts. Thus significant relationship between the cooking time and the ascorbic acid retention was noted. The ascorbic acid retention in vegetables decreased with longer cooking Periods. The cooked vegetables were evaluated for different characteristics like colour, flavour, appearance and texture. For flavour, appearance and texture, solar cooked vegetables secured higher scores than the pressure cooked and plain boiled ones. For the retention of colour, plain boiled vegetables secured the highest scores, but the difference in the scores of plain boiled and solar cooked vegetables was statistically non-significant.

Therefore, as far as the ascorbic acid retention is concerned pressure cooking is the best method. During summer solar cooking is found as good as plain boiling, regarding retention of ascorbic ac4d in vegetables, Viewing the cost factor and its role in saving fuel, the use of solar cookers can be promoted in the urban and rural areas alike, especially in those homes where the use of pressure cooker is limited and plain boiling is the common practice. The housewives can also save their time and energy as less attention is needed for preparing the food, when solar cookers are used.

NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF SELECTED FAST FOOD SNACKS

Research Scholor: Ms. Shikha Bhargava

Major Advisor: Dr Vibha bhatnagar Today, with changing life style and eating pattern, fast food snacks become integral part of adolescents daily diet and this may affect their nutritional status. In the present investigation, two hundred boys and girls of four different colleges of Udaipur city were surveyed to identify the popular fast food snacks among adolescents and ten fast food snacks viz. pizza, burger, patties, masala dosa, idli-sambar, chopsuey, bhelpuri, pani puri, chowmein and paw bhazi were selected and analysed for their nutrient composition. Results of the survey showed that fast food snacks were popular among college students of high income group and mothers of majority (75%) of students were non working. Most oftenly these snacks were consumed for celebrating, Specific occasions along with their friends and lunch was skipped by majority of the subjects.

The nutritive value of various fast foods differed with the ingredients used, serving size and moisture content. The moisture content of all fast foods except patties (14.8 g) were on higher side ranging from 63.24 g to to 351.30 g per serving. Energy content ranged between 29.20 kcal to 763.42 kcal and only three items viz, chowmein, chopsuey and masala dosa fulfilled the 1/3" day's requirement of energy for girls. Fat content of fast foods were high ranging between 9.2 g to 30.19 g except pani puri (1.11 g), idli-sambar (5.4 g) and bhel puri (7.1 g). With regard to protein, only masala dosa (23.6 g) fulfilled the 1/3" RDA for adolescents. Pani puri and patties had low protein contents whereas in other items it ranged between 7.5 g to 19.0 g. Amount of fiber was very low in fast foods and it was maximum in paw bhazi (2.53 g) and minimum in pani puri (0.41 g). Pizza and burger contained adequate amount of calcium but in all other snacks it was lower than 1/3" RDA. Iron, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium content of fast foods ranged between 0.23 - 5.34 mg, 32.0 - 284.1 mg, 5.55 – 88.04mg and 21.098- 615.3 mg per serving respectively. Sodium content of all fast foods except pani puri (120. 7 mg) was very high ranging from 431.0 to 1526.71 mg.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PESTICIDES INDIA LIMITED, UDAIPUR.

Research Scholor: Ms. Nupur Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Saroj Kothari

The study was conducted on 60 workers working at Pesticides India Limited, Udaipur to find out their nutritional status. An interview schedule was developed to collect the information. Dietary survey by 24 hours recall method for three consecutive days was conducted to find out the day's food intake. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight were taken using standardized techniques and weight for height and body mass index were calculated from the body measurements. Haemoglobin and blood chlinesterase values were determined by analysing the blood of the workers. The results revealed that 91.66 per cent of the families were Hindus and majority of them were vegetarians. The workers having small families and yearly income above 20,000 of the 78.34 per cent of workers. Majority of the workers were educated and were having number of health problems in those with exposure period more than 10 years. 34.34 per cent workers had work experience of 25 to 30 years. Majority of workers were working in 'C' shift and 28.34 per cent workers were found to be pool workers.Dietary survey conducted showed that the diets of the workers in comparison to the balanced diet was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in cereals, pulses, leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables, milk, milk products and fruits. Intake of fats and oils, sugar and jaggery was significantly higher (p>0.01) than suggestive values. Food intake of skilled workers was significantly higher (p > 0.01) than unskilled workers and in comparison to semiskilled workers a significant difference was observed in all foods except fats and oils (p >0.01). The intake of various nutrients when compared with RDA, it was significantly higher (p > 0.01) except energy iron, niacin, vitamin C and 13-carotene than the recommended allowances. Intake of all the nutrients was significantly higher by the skilled workers (p > 0.01) than the unskilled workers. The anthropometric indices showed that weight and height were as 90.59 and 95.83 per cent respectively of the NCHS standards for 18 years boys. A significant difference was observed in the mean weight and height of the workers in comparison to NCHS standards (p > 0.01) but the difference observed in the body mass index of skilled workers (p > 0.01) was significantly higher than unskilled workers. The mean haemoglobin and blood cholinesterase level were significantly lower than the normal values. A significant difference was observed in the blood cholinesterase level of skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers but no significant difference in the haemoglobin level of skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers. The above results conclude that although the nutritional status of pesticides workers by direct assessment (anthropometry) was normal but indirect assessment (dietary survey) revealed inadequacy in some of the food groups. They are at risk of toxicity of pesticides residues which are extracted in factory may be due to less use of all the safety measures and 8 hours continues exposure direct or indirect to the pesticide residues.

EFFICACY OF PASTEURIZATION IN IMPROVING THE SHELF-LIFE OF SWEET LIME (MAUSAMBI) JUICE

Research Scholor: Ms Shailja Jain

Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Arti Sankhla

In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study the nutritional, sensory and microbial quantity of raw and pasteurized sweet lime juice. The juice after extraction under hygienic laboratory conditions was divided into two lots. One was kept unprocessed, while the other was pasteurized. Each lot of juice was filled in sterilized and unsterilized bottles, which were then stored at both room (25+2°C) and refrigerated (10+2°C) temperatures. Findings revealed 22% destruction in ascorbic acid content of the raw juice samples within two hours of its storage at room temperature Raw juice sample, kept at low temperature also exhibited rapid destruction of vitamin C resulting in only 5% retention by the end of twelve hours of storage However, pasteurized samples, after an initial destruction of 7.26%, could retain relatively more vitamin C.Sensory quality of sweet lime juice samples when assessed by a -panel of twelve members reveals an interesting finding of maintaining visual appeal Juice samples within highly acceptable range of all the during the entire period of storage. Whereas, with the advancement of time, a continuous increase, average scores of taste and flavour indicating deterioration in these sensory attributes was recorded. This not only adversely affected the overall acceptability of juice samples but was also responsible for rejection of juice. To ensure its safety, juice samples were simultaneously studied for its microbial quality, which depicts the presence of TVC (1X102 cfu/m1), Y&M (5 X 102 cfu/ml) and coliforms (2.5 X 102 cfu/m1) in the fresh juice. Pasteurization of juice was not only effective enough to kill the exiting surviying microbes but also helped in delaying the growth of all the studied micro organism. It can be deducted from the above results that the treatments viz. pasteurization, refrigeration and sterilization of bottles individually or in combination were helped in conserving vitamin C, maintaining sensory and microbial quality of sweet lime juice.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CORN INSTANT MIX BOOR AND ITS DESSERT JHAJHARIA

Research Scholor: Ankita Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs) Aarti Sankhla

The present piece of research is an attempt to standardize corn instant mix "Boor" and its desert "Jhajharia", the preparations popular in Mewar Region of Rajasthan and have untapped potential for commercialization. Most widely used recipe of the preparation by local people was adopted for standardization through a selected panel of judges. Standardized preparations were assessed for their nutritional, sensory and keeping quality using standard procedures. Boor sample when analysed for its proximate composition was found to contain 13.04% moisture, 5.4 % protein, 28.6 % fat, 1.6 % ash, 2.9 % crude fibre, 48.2 % carbohydrate and 473.86 Kcal energy. The corresponding values in case of "Jhajharia" — a dessert prepared by reconstituting M' the boor with milk were 59.4, 2.0, 6.5, 0.8, 0.2 , 31.0 percent and 190.5 Kcal. Monthly observations on acid value depicting keeping quality Showed steady increase in free fatty acid content of boor during its entire sty months storage period. Here, much lower final free fatty acid the boor stored at refrigerated temperature (10±2°C) in comparison to the observation of room temperature (251- 5Y) proved the utility of low temperature storage. Similarly, lower temperature storage q. boor also helped in maintaining the palatability Jhajharia. From the results of this study it can be concluded that corn instant mix boor being nutritious, acceptable and stable product can very well be used as a nutritious supplement and a convenient food.

TRADITIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY FOODS AND THEIR NUTRITIONAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR LACTATING MOTHERS.

Research Scholor: Ms. Shalini Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. Maya Choudhry The present investigation was carried out to assess the traditional supplementary foods and their nutritional significance for lactating mothers. Thirty lactating mothers of Udaipur in the age range of 20 — 35 years, parity limited to three, delivered normal full term infant and consuming traditional supplementary food were studied from first to six weeks after parturition An interview schedule was developed to collect the information regarding lactating mothers and their family. A dietary survey was conducted to find out the type, amount, duration and the reasons for consuming traditional supplementary foods. A 24 hours recall method was used to find out the day's food intake and adequacy of measurements were taken by using their diet. Anthropometric Body mass index and body composition standardized techniques are calculated to assess the nutritional status. The results revealed that majority of the women (77 %) studied were from joint families. The meaner capita income of families was Rs. 2187.91 per month. All the women were educated and 87 percent of them were housewives. Dietary survey revealed that all the lactating mothers modified their diet by taking traditional supplementary foods, additional amounts of milk and ghee, frequently consuming selected foods and restricting the intake of some foods. The amount of traditional supplementary foods consumed per day varied from 50 —75 g of kaifal to 150 — 200 g / day of gondladdu. The duration of consumption of traditional supplementary foods also varied from 1 — 3 days of jaggery water to 10 —20 days of ajwain. Reasons for consuming traditional supplementary foods were: to regulate blood loss, to regain the lost strength, to cure body ache and to increase breast milk output.

Diet of the women when compared with balanced diet was more than adequate (> 100 %) in fats & oils and sugar and jaggery, adequate (90 — 100 %) in milk, inadequate (40 — 60 %) in cereals and pulses and substantially inadequate (1 — 24 %) in fruits and vegetables. Intake of all the nutrients except calcium (66 %), niacin (59 %) and vitamin C (21 %) was as per the recommended dietary allowances. The mean weight of the women was 51.33, 51.52, 51.79, 52.27, 52.36 and 52.62 kg and BMI 21.32, 21.39, 21.50, 21.71, 21.75 and 21.86 kg / m2 at six weeks of lactation respectively showing that women had normal nutritional status. The mean skinfolds increased at all the sites with the advancement of lactation Body components such as body fat, fat free mass and body water ranged from 14.30 - 15.73 kg 36.87, 37.04 kg and 26.99 —27.11 kg respectively during six weeks of lactation. Weight and length of infants increased significantly during the study period and were more than 90 percent of the NCHS (1977) standards. The changes in body measurements and their indices during six weeks of lactation were non-significant. This study concludes that traditional supplementary foods are nutritionally important for mother as well as infant.

STUDY ON CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF MARKET EGGS IN UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholar: Roshika Malhotra

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs.)Vibha Bhatnagar The present investigation was conducted to study the sales intensity storage practises, consumption pattern of eggs and to assess the quality of market eggs sold in Udaipur city. Market and consumer survey were done of fifty shops and two hundred and fifty egg consumers, together relevant information on the study. Shops of two different categories viz. shops selling locally produced eggs supplied by local wholesalers (category I) and shops selling eggs produced outside the city, supplied by local wholesalers (category II) were selected for the study. The results of market survey showed that the frequency of purchase and sale was high among shopkeepers of category I as compared to that of category II. All the shopkeepers had maximum sale during winter season and all of them were storing egg at room temperature in their shops. Majority of sellers (86%) of both the categories were selling stale eggs to the consumers and the remaining (14%) stated to discard the stale eggs. Maximum number of shopkeepers (56%) answered that they were not concerned about any complaint of spoilage in eggs, while others (44%) reported to exchange spoil eggs with good ones in case of complaint. Results of consumer survey revealed that majority of respondents (67.2v) belonged to high income group and none of them was illiterate. A sizable proportion of consumers were Hindus (59.2%), followed by Muslims (24%) and Christians (16.8%). Maximum number of respondents (41.6%) purchased eggs weekly. Thirty six per cent subjects bought half dozen eggs and 27.2 per cent bought one dozen eggs at a time. The consumption of eggs was also weekly respondents increased the intake of eggs in winters and decreased it during in majority of cases. All the summer season 'Boiled egg' was considered the safest form of consumption by many (94.4%) and none of the respondents considered 'raw egg' safe for consumption. Meal preferred for egg consumption Eggs were preferred in form of ' on was breakfast (81.6 %) bakery goods' (94.4%) 'boiled egg' (91.2% ) and 'omelette' (80.8%) by majority, of respondents. The consumption of eggs was found to be increased during pregnancy, school age and adolescence period and at the time of illness in some families. On the contrary, eggs were bringing avoided by lactating women, infants and elderly members in some of the families. Household tests to check egg quality were never performed by majority of the respondents (94.6%). Results on laboratory analysis showed that the frequency of cracked and unclean eggs was more in eggs collected from shops of category II as compared to eggs procured from category I shops. The grades according to weight and appearance of white and yolk of eggs from category II shops were on lower side. The pH value of all the samples except two of category II were within normal range of 7.65 to 8.46. The presence of Salmonella sp. was more in eggs procured from shops of category 11 (36%) as compared to eggs collected from category I were also heavily loaded with E. coll. The high presence may be due to deterioration of egg quality during transportation and storage, contaminated feed given to hens or due to insanitary conditions in the surrounding areas. , There was no noticeable difference in chemical composition of eggs collected from shops of both the categories. The estimated nutrient composition of eggs belonging to category I and II was found to be: moisture 73.9 per cent and 73.0 per cent, protein 12.8 per cent and 12.6 per cent, at 12.6 per cent and 12.9 per cent ash 0.9 per cent and 1.0 per cent and energy 165 Kcal and 167 Kcal respectively. QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GROUND NUT OIL USED FOR REPEATED DEEP - FAT FRYING IN THE MARKET OF UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholor: Ms. Sonal Parikh

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs.)Saroj Kothari

The study entitled quality analysis of groundnut oil used for repeated deep - fat frying in the market of Udaipur city was conducted. In this study, 15 fresh and 15 used groundnut oil samples selected randomly were procured from the market of Udaipur city. All the oil samples: the fresh and used market oil and laboratory oil samples were analyzed for moisture content, free fatty acid content, saponification value, acetyl value, hydroxyl value, iodine value and peroxide value. The free fatty acid content showed an increasing trend upon successive frying showing increased oxidation of oil. The free fatty acid content of fresh and used market oil samples were similar. However, the mean sample values of used laboratory oil and market oil samples differed significantly in their free fatty acid content. There was no trend in the saponification value and acetyl value saponification value and acetyl value of fresh of oil samples. The hydroxyl value showed an increasing trend with repeated thermic effect. The fresh oil sample of FFPM showed an increased hydroxyl value (0.98 mg / g to 6.03 mg /g) owing to deterioration. Their used oil samples showed an increased hydroxyl value of 5.33 — 18.79 mg / g. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the market oil sample. The laboratory samples showed a rapid increase upon 31 frying from 1.683 mg / g to 48.61 mg / g. The laboratory oil sample had significantly increased (p < 0.01) hydroxyl value when compared with used market oil samples showing greater deterioration of oil on 31 frying. The iodine value of laboratory oil samples showed a decreasing trend from 93.47 to 40.132 g I absorbed / 100 g. The fresh oil samples had the value between 85.22 to 113.16 g I / 100 g indicating that it is not pure groundnut oil. The used market oil samples showed varying decrease in iodine value owing to the variation in their number of frying. Irrespective of the number of frying of used oil, the mean value of fresh and used market oil and laboratory and used market oil were significantly different (p < 0.01). The peroxide value of oil was not detectable in case of fried oil samples as peroxides being unstable fragment at increased temperature yielding carbonyls, aldehydes and ketones. To confirm this, another which peroxide value was determined at experiment was conducted in increase in temperature of the oil It was observed increased from 4.1 to 6.5 meq / kg till 160 C, at 180 C it was 4.0 meg / kg while at 700 C the peroxide radicals were not d peroxide value of fresh market oil samples was ranged from 1.9 to 18.9 meg / kg of oil. The results of the studs revealed that the fresh oil samples obtain from market were in the process of autoxidation.

2000-2001

ACQUISITION OF HYPERTENSIVE KNOWLEDGE BY HYPERTENSIE PATIENTS THROUGH AN AUDIO-VIS EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE"

Research Scholor: Renu Kavdia Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs) Arti Sankhala

The present investigation entitled "Acquisition of nutritional knowledge by hypertensive patients through an audio-visual educational package", was conducted on one hundred literate hypertensive subjects (with equal representation from either sex) residing in Udaipur city. An educational package on - All about "THE SILENT KILLER" - Hypertension was developed by the investigator to impart education on three components General facts about hypertension, Etiology, clinical manifestation and associated clinical problems, Management of hypertension. The package was got evaluated by a panel of 15 members. General rating so obtained was 4.13 out of maximum rating 5, which apparently showed that the package was nearly approaching a point of excellence. Prior to exposure of the aid, the mean pre-scores on component - I (25.2%), component - 11 (63.80%) and component - III (60.4%) indicated their marginal to satisfactory knowledge. Post scores, obtained after the exposure of the subjects to the educational package proved the efficacy of the aid, since a highly significant increase in knowledge of the study groups on all the three components was observed. The impact of sex and educational level in both existing as well as acquired nutritional knowledge was also contemplated during the course of investigation which revealed a non-significant difference between and within the four study groups.

TOTAL AND IN VITRO AVAILABILITY OF IRON IN READY TO MIX POWDER DEVELOPED FROM RICE BRAN AND ITS ACCEPTABILITY IN FOOD PREPARATIONS

Research Scholor: Shubhra Mathur

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs) Shashi Jain

An iron rich Ready to Mix (RTM) powder was developed from rice bran, and its acceptability was assessed in selected food preparations. For the purpose, after the repeated trial finally rice bran was soaked for 48 hours and boiled for one hour. The residue was separated through a muslin cloth and then the liquid was again concentrated through open pan boiling. Thick liquid was also then dried using three methods viz. open sun drying, solar drying and mechanical drying. No effect was observed imposed no effect on organoleptic characteristics and total iron content of RTM powder dried by three methods. Rice bran and RTM powder were also analysed for their nutritional composition. It was found that the protein content of RTM half times more than the rice bran. In contrast to Powder was one fibre content of RTM powder were lower and energy and this the fat and carbohydrate were comparable to those of rice bran.The iron content of RTM powder was remarkably higher i.e. 8 s than the rice bran. Bioavailability of iron in RTM powder was d to be 95 per cent. Further to assess the acceptability 1 g per serving of iron rich RTM powder was added at the time of serving in selected food preparations i.e. chapati, mung dal, aloopalak, turai and rab. A nine point hedonic scale indicated that the preparations with RTM powder were accepted by all the panel members. Thus, it is concluded that the iron rich RTM powder developed can be used in daily diet.

DEVELOPMENT OF WEIGHT REDUCTION PACKAGE USING DIETARY MODIFICATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT FOR ADULTS.

Research Scholor: Rachna Dhingra

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.)Saroj Kothari

Obesity is the biggest nutrition related challenge of 21st century the escalating global epidemic of over-weight and obesity is taking over many in the world. In India itself, with the increase in affluence, urbanisation and industrialisation, the prevalence figures of obesity are shooting up at a very high speed and a developing country like ours, cannot afford this. The study was conducted in five phases. In phase I, all the relevant subject matter was collected. In phase II development of package was carried out by the investigator. In phase III the package was evaluated by panel of 15 nutrition experts and dieticians, who rated the package on various criteria and gave suggestions for further improvement. Phase IV involved the modification of package on the basis of suggestions given by experts. Phase V involved the preparation of final weight reduction package. The package was developed with a set of 6 counselling aid comprising of one slimming diary, four charts and one photo frame. The developed package was subjected to expert evaluation who critically evaluated on a three point scale of good average and poor for the categories of 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The mean weighted scores obtained on different aids ranged from 1.50 to 2.76 with majority of experts rating all the aids as average to good. Only one aid i.e. physical activity management was completed omitted as a better substitute could be developed by modifying the existing activity chart as per the demand for perfection of package. In slimming diary, the overall mean weighted score on different chapters ranged from 1.15 to 2.78 indicating a scope for improvement. Experts have rated 50 per cent of the chapter as good, 30 per cent as average and 20 per cent as poor. Those aids and chapters which were rated as poor on any of the criteria were modified and improvised. Even those chapters which were rated as average or good were subjected to modification on the basis of suggestions obtained by experts, to increase the validity, appropriateness and efficacy of the package.Final weight reduction package was made comprising of all the aids put together into a single, handy, well organised, easily comprehendible and completely user friendly package. Thus for obese adults the prepared weight reduction package is very useful.

NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF FISH IN UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholor: Divya Rajlakshmi

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs.)Vibha Bhatnagar The present investigation was conducted to study the sales intensity, consumption pattern and nutrient composition of different kinds of fish available in the market of Udaipur City. The results of market survey showed that different kinds of fish were available and sales intensity of fish was dependent on their taste, cost, availability and physical characteristics. All the shopkeepers had maximum sale during winter season and all of them were storing fish on ice slabs. Results of consumer survey revealed that sizable proportion of study population were Hindus (80%) followed by Muslims (10%) and Christians (10%). Majority of subjects were from nuclear family and had small family size consisting of 3-6 members. Monthly family income of maximum number of subjects was between Rs. 5000 to 10,000 and none of them was illiterate. It was found that about 90 per cent consumers bought fish in dressed form. The amount of purchase ranged from one and a half kg to as high as three kg at a time. All the subjects stated that they consumed fish on the same day they purchased. Maximum number of subjects (49%) purchased and consumed fish weekly or fortnightly.

When consumption of fish was compared with other fleshy foods it was observed that poultry had maximum frequency of consumption followed by fish and meat. All the subjects increased the intake of fish during winter season. Preferred fried fish' and 'fish curry' were the most common form of consumption. Meal for fish consumption was dinner by majority (52) of the subjects. The consumption of fish was found to be increased during adolescence period and at the time of illness like tuberculosis, asthma diabetes in some families. On the contrary fish was avoided by pregnant women, elderly members and female family members in some of the families. About 65 per cent families communicated that each of their' member consumed fish. Four kinds of fish viz., Rohu, Katla, Singhada and Tilapia, having maximum sales intensity were selected for nutrient analysis. The moisture content ranged from 72.41 g to 77.61 g. Maximum protein content was observed in Katla (20.56%) followed by Singhada (18.94%), Tilapia (17.52%) and Rohu (16.41%). The highest (3.22%) fat content was found in Singhada. Ash content of Rohu, Katla, Singhada and Tilapia was 1.36, 2.35, 1.84 and 2.02 per cent respectively. Carbohydrate in fish is present in negligible proportion and the highest carbohydrate content was obtained in Singhada (2.61%) and lowest in Rohu (1.65%). Further, data revealed that energy content of fish ranged between 93.73 Kcal to 114.7 Kcal per 100 gm of fish.

Minerals viz., calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper and zinc were assessed. The calcium and phosphorus content of selected fish species ranged from 59.31 to 143.15 mg and 52.29 to 116.43 mg respectively per 100 gm of fish. The iron content in 100 g of fish was 1.92 mg in Singhada, 1.10 mg in Rohu, 1.04 mg in Katla and 0.97 mg in Tilapia. The highest copper content per 100 gm fish was found in Tilapia (0.424 mg) whereas zinc content was maximum in Rohu (0.151 mg). Thus from nutritional point of view, fish and fish products can be considered as an excellent source of important nutrients, therefore, their consumption needs to be popularized.

2001-02 EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON TANNINS, PHYTATES AND INVITRO IRON AVAILABILITY IN SELECTED UNDERUTILIZED FOOD GRAINS

Research Scholor: Shivani Chopra

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs) Arti Sankhla

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the effect of processing techniques on tannin phytate content and invtiro iron availability ol lour underutilized food grains viz, Bajra (Pennisetum typhoideum) and Kangani (Setaria italica), Kulath (Dolichos bylorus) and Moth (Phaseolous aconitifoious). The processing techniques employed were, soaking the grains for 8 hours as well as for 16 hours, germinating the grains for 24 hours and 28 hours, after 16 hours of soaking. Findings of the study revealed that Kulath, an underutilized legume, had highest amount of phytates and tannins. Soaking the grains for 8 hours and 16 hours, brought down the levels of tannins and phytates in all the grains studied. In comparison to the values recorded prior and after soaking the germinated seeds (24 hours & 28 hours) had much lower values, indicating benefit of germination in degradation of phytates and tannins. No such effect of soaking for 8 hours was observed on the iron content of the grains but when these seeds were soaked for 16 hours, Bajra and Moth showed a slight but significant increase in total iron content. However, when these grains were sprouted, the total iron content increased to a great extent.

Invitro iron availability increased after each stage of processing and this increase who, found to be highest in Bajra (44.22%), followed by Moth (33.91%), Kangani (33.22%) and Kulath (30.34%), after germinating them for 28 hours. The present study thus revealed that simple home level processing techniques like soaking and germination are helpful in significantly reducing the tannin and phytate contents of the grains and inturn enhancing the availability of iron. On the basis of findings, germinating the grains for longer duration was adjudged the best processing method for improving the nutritive value of food.

ASSESSMENT OF PREDISPOSING RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AMONG YOUNG FEMALES

Research Scholor: Ankur Singh

Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

The present study was an attempt to assess the predisposing risk factors of cardiovascular disease among young females in the age group of 18-25 years. The study was conducted on one hundred and fifty young unmarried females studying in three post graduate girl's colleges of Udaipur city. The results of the study revealed that 48 percent, 45.33 percent and 6.67 percent subjects were in low, medium and high risk groups respectively. Majority of the low risk group subjects (65.28%) were in the younger age group (18-21 years) whereas in high risk group, maximum subjects (34.72%) were in the age group of 22-25 years. In low risk group all the subjects had correct weight for height, waist hip ratio (WHR) less than 0.85 and majority of them (87.5%) had body mass index (BMI) ranging between 24 Kg/m2. In contrast, all the subjects in high risk group had body weight more than the desirable limit and BMI greater than 24 Kg/m2.

Although majority of the subjects in each risk group had normal blood pressure (<130/85 mm Hg), percentage of such subjects was maximum in low risk group (94.44 %) and minimum in high risk group (70%). Pulse rate of majority of the low risk group subjects (42.22%) ranged between 80-90 per minute whereas in high risk group equal percentage (40%) of subjects had pulse rate ranging between 80-90 per minute or greater than 90 per minute. In low risk group majority of the subjects (62.50%) had no reported family history of cardiovascular disease whereas in medium risk group majority of the subjects (36.76%) and in high risk group all the subjects had positive family of CVD. Majority of the low risk group subjects (59.72%) used to exercise 2-3 times a week or 1/2 hour-l hour each day whereas in medium risk group, maximum subjects (88.24%) and in high risk group all the subjects used to perform exercise not at all. Nearly half of the low risk subjects (52.78%) used to remain calm and relaxed most of the time whereas in high risk group all the subjects were under familiar and educational stress.

Lipid profile estimation of the subjects revealed that levels of total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were higher in high risk group subjects and lower in low risk group subjects. The levels of HDL were low in high risk group and high in low risk group. The risk factors were positively associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL whereas negatively associated with HDL. These findings lead to the conclusion that the various risk factors viz. obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, stress, family history of CVD and unhealthy dietary practices increases the risk of cardiovascular disease among females which is reflected in their lipid profile demography.

NUTIRTIONAL PROFILE AND WORK OUT PUT OF FEMALE WORKERS OF WOOLEN MILLS

Research Scholor: Manisha Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. Vibha Bhatnagar

The present study entitled Nutritional profile and work output of female workers of woolen mills" was conducted on 60 of Bikaner city ,Rajasthan. An interview cum observation schedule was developed to collect the necessary information about the workers and their families Nutritional profile of the workers was assessed by dietary survey, anthropometric measurements and haemoglobin estimation. Dietary survey by 24 hours recall method for one day was conducted to find out the day's food and nutrient intake. Under nutritional anthropometry, height and weight were measured using standardized technique and body mass index was calculated from the body measurements. Haemoglobin level were determined by analysing the blood of the workers. The results revealed that 83.33 percent of the families were Hindu and most of them were Bengali. Majority of female workers were nonvegetarian though the frequency of consumption of fleshy food was very low. Most of the workers (93.33%) were having nuclear family with 2-4 members. Monthly income of their family ranged between 2000-6000 Rs. Further the study showed that majority of female workers (60%) had 1-5 years work experience with their 9-10 hour duty work. Work out put measured in terms of woolen skeins produced per hour revealed that it varied between 4 to 9 skeins per hour.

Dietary survey indicated that the diets of the female workers in comparison to the balanced diets was substan+ially inadequate in pulses, fats and oils and milk(28.4-35.1%). Intake of cereals,green leafy vegetables, other vegetables and sugar & jaggery was half than (51.7-59.7%) and more than adequate in roots and tubers (101.3%). The the requirements consumption of fruits was found nil. On comparing the nutrient intake with recommended dietary allowances (Indian Council of Medical Research,1988), the intake of all the nutrients except that of folic acid (104%) and vitamin C (117%) was found to be inadequate. The anthropomtric indices showed that the mean weight was 86.1 percent of standard weight whereas mean BMI was 18.9±0.3 Kg/m2 being 84 percent of normal BMI for adults.

Distribution of subjects on the basis of weight for height and BMI showed 58.2 as percent and 4 9.3 percent of female workers respectively/undernourished. The mean haemoglobin level of female workers was 8.8 g/dl being (73.33%) lower than the normal value. This indicated that all the female workers were anaemic.The work output of the female workers was significantly correlated (P<0.01) with various factors i.e. iron intake and haemoglobin level(r=0.34),haemoglobin level and work output (1-0.62) energy intake and work output (r=0.97),BMI and work output (r=0.79) , From the above results it can be said that the overall nutritional profile of female woolen mill workers in Bikaner city as reflected from their diet , anthropometry and haemoglobin level was not satisfactory and this was reflected in their work output.

ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND TOTAL COLIFORM COUNT OF DRINKING WATER USED IN UDAIPUR CITY.

Research Scholor: Sanju Choudhary

Major Advisor: Dr. Saroj Kothari

The present piece of research is an attempt to assess the chemical constituents and total coliform count of drinking water used in Udaipur city. Water quality influences the health and well-being of the individual, and both biological and chemical hazards may be transmitted in this medium. Increasing demand of water for human necessities has drawn attention on its study and efficient utilization. Hence the present study was undertaken with the objectives of chemical analysis of water, difference between municipal water and borewell and handpump water and comparison of drinking water parameters with WHO standards. Forty samples each from 3 types of water samples i.e. municipal, borewell and handpump (total 120) were collected from forty localities of Udaipur city and analysed for pH, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, fluoride, nitrate and total coliform. The findings of the study revealed that all the parameters except pH, fluoride and total coliform had lower mean values in municipal water as compared to borewell and handpump water. All the parameters except nitrate and total coliform were within the safe limit as recommended by the W.H.O. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the drinking water used by the residents of Udaipur city was within the safe limit and therefore suitable for drinking purpose. However, precautions must be taken for nitrate and total coliform content in water as they were found to be above the permissible limit recommended by the W.H.O.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RED CHILLI USED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholor: Preeti Shrimali

Major Advisor: Dr. Saroj Kothari

In the present study, twenty six whole chilli pod varieties (Nineteen breeders varieties and seven whole pod varieties available in local market) were analysed for both physical and chemical parameters while thirty seven powdered chilli samples (seven branded and thirty unbranded loose samples) were analysed for the chemical parameters. It was observed that majority of the chilli pods both from breeder and that available in local market belong to Cayenne or Pasilla (pungent) pod. Breeders varieties (speciality chillies) were: DC-399 and DC-436 for salad purpose. DC-399 and DC-538 for chilli pickle, DC-342 and DC-562 for colour. DC-526 for pungency and Shimla type for vegetable purpose. In chilli pods purchased from local market Laungi variety which belong to Tabasco pod type as highly pungent. Wonderhearl variety was the longest in length while Lacingi variety was the smallest.

Positive correlation was observed between the eight and length of chilli pod. In market chilli pods significant negative correlation was found between length of chilli pod and fat and Capsaicin content. A positive relationship between cost and Capsaicin content as observed in both whole chilli pods and in unbranded powdered loose samples.

Chemical analysis revealed that the moisture content of these chilli samples ranged from 6.1- 14.21 per cent. Ash content ranged from 4.1-8.0 per cent (whole pods) and 5.1-9.0 per cent (powdered samples). Further fat percentage ranged from 4.1-14.0 per -cent (whole pods) and 8.1- >18.0 per in whole chilli pods ranged mg and 141.5 mg (Laungi and Jodhpuri). Unbranded powdered samples gave maximum capsaicin return per rupee as compared to branded samples. Upkar brand ranked highest in terms of quality as it contained maximum capsaicin and capsanthin content. All of the chilli samples were free from adulteration and their chemical parameters were within the range prescribed under Prevention of Food Adulteration Act-2001. It can be concluded that the quality of red chilli sold' Udapur market met the standards prescribed. FLUORIDE CONTENT OF DRINKING, ATER AND DENTAL FLUOROSIS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN OF JOBNER (RAJASTHAN)

Research Scholor: Swati Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. Vibha Bhatnagar

The present investigation entitled "Fluoride Content of Drinking Water and Dental Fluorosis Arnong School Children of Jobne.r (Rajasthan)", conducted on five hundred school children (6- 14 years) of both the sexes residing in Jobner, Rajasthan. Observation-cum-interview technique revealed that male respondents 67 %) onde ( nts (33 %). dominated over the female resp Lae percentage of children (9 5.6 rg in endemic area since 956 %) were liv ing birth and lower percentage of children (1.6 °/0) were residing there from 6 years after birth. Data also revealed that 73.8 per cent respondents consumed water supplied by community water supply. Maximum number of children (87 %) cleaned their teeth once i found that use of fluoridated toot n a day. It was also h %) wher ents. Among calcium and vitamin C as remaining subjects using either non- paste was most common (78.4 fluoridated tooth paste or other cleansing rich foods, daily consumption of milk and tomato by 46 per cent and 72 per cent respondents, while garlic and white onion which are considered as antioxidants were consumed by 66 per cent and 60 per cent subjects respectively. Tea with high fluoride content was being consumed by 90 per cent of the subjects. Out of 500 children examined for dental fluorosis 80.2 per cent children were found positive for dental fluorosis. The prevalence was slightly higher in male children (84.17 %) than female children (72.12 %). Maximum prevalence was in the age category of 10-12 years (91.50 %) whereas in 6-8 years age, it was minimum (60 %).

Prevalence of grade I and grade II fluorosis was more (43.14 % and 38.65 %). Among male subjects the prevalence of grade II (41.13 %) was highest while in female subjects, (36.97 %). Analysis of fluoride content in drinking water collected from different sources revealed that in tap water and well water the fluoride content ranged between 0.226 to 2.01 ppm and 0.188 to 3.80 ppm respectively, whereas water samples from hand pump showed great variation having lowest value as 0.190 ppm and highest as 5.0 ppm fluoride. The difference between the fluoride content in drinking water from various sources was found as non-significant. In more than half of the water samples (58 %) the fluoride content was above permissible limit (>1.5 ppm). Data on prevalence of fluorosis in relation to source of drinking water showed maximum prevalence in subjects consuming handpump water followed by well and tap water. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the fluoride level in the drinking water at Jobner was above permissible limit leading to dental fluorosis among school children. Defluoridation of drinking water and community awareness is recommended in this aspect.

QUALITY EVALUATION AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF MAIZE RAB AMONG RURAL FAMILIES

Research Scholor: Payal Vaishnav Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

Rab is a traditional Rajasthani dish prepared by boiling maize grits and/or maize flour in butter milk for 1-3 hours. It is satty and sour in taste with cumin seed flavour. Rab is the most commonly consumed preparation by all the rural families. It is generally prepared in bulk and stored in an earthen pot for 2-3 days at room temperature. Hence, an attempt was made to assess the consumption pattern of maize rab and to evaluate its nutritional composition and microbial quality. Five rab samples procured from the housewives were found to contain 93.03 per cent moisture, 1.26 per cent protein, 0.96 per cent fat, 0.20 per cent ash, 0.09 per cent fiber, 4.46 per cent carbohydrate, 32 Kcal energy and 7.66 total solids. During storage of three days the viscosity of rab samples (noted by measuring the flow of rab) increased 1.09 cm (fresh) to 0.89 cm (III day). pH value decreased from 3.72 to 3.46 while titrable acidity increased 0.88 per cent to 1.05 per cent during storage period. The mean microbial load examined at each day of storage period revealed that the presence of total viable count, yeast and mold and coliforms were 2.94x105 cfu/g and 0.32 per ml in fresh rab samples which increase to 6.73 x 105, 5.19x105 cfu/g and 0.59 on third day storage. All the rab samples were free from Staphylococcus aureus during storage.

2002-03

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN URBAN POPULATION OF SURATGARH, DISTRICT SRIGANGANAGAR

Research Scholor: Divya Tiwari

Major Advisor: Dr. Saroj Kothari

The present study has been undertaken to assess the nutritional status of elderly people in urban population of Suratgarh, District, Srignaganagar. For this purpose a sample of 100 elderly female and male (60 — 80 years) were selected with equal representation to four groups with difference of ten years. A pre-tested interview schedule was developed to collect the necessary information about the elderly people. Dietary survey and anthropometric measurements were assessed to conduct the nutritional status of elderlies. For the assessment of food and nutrient intake 24 hours recall method was used and anthropometric measurements were also measured to calculate body mass index and weight for height parameters. Morbidity status was assessed through pre-tested interview schedule and haemoglobin level was determined by using cynamethamoglobin method. It can he deduced from the findings or research by dietary survey that the diets of the elderly people in comparison to the balanced diets was substantially inadequate in cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, green leafy vegetables, fruits and roots and tubers, except sugar, jaggery, fats and oils.

A significant difference was observed in foods and nutrient intake in both age groups of women (i.e. 60-70 years and 70-80 years), whereas in case of men it was same. Inadequacy was observed in case of all nutrients except B Vitamin (thiamin and niacin) and fat content in elderly people, while low level of niacin was assessed in women, as compared to RDA (Indian Council Medical Research, 1990). In anthropometric indices, distribution of elderly subjects on the basis of weight for height 22 % were found obese in which 13 % were women BMI calculated values denoted 26 % elderly .belonging to obese 1 category in which 16 % were women. The haemoglobin level of elderly people showed that 9 1 % of subjects Were anaemic in which 27 % women and 20 % men were -falling in moderate category of anaemia, some of them (8%) were severely anaemic and very few (9%) subjects were normal.

The morbidity status of elderly showed that all the women were suffering from one or more diseases such as vision problem (40%), hypertension (27%), insomnia (32%), dysphagia (25%), arthritis (42%) and general weakness (37%) while in case of men percentage was 25%, 1 8%, 28%, 12%, 25% and 24% respectively. The most affected group vas elderly women and the eldest group of men. From the above results it can be concluded that the overall nutritional status of elderly people in Suratgarh was not satisfactory and they were having higher morbidity status, aggravating the health status to negative side.

ASSESSMENT OF AT-RISK YOUNG MALES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RESIDING IN UDAIPUR CITY"

Research Scholor: Jyoti Sanchan

Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

The present investigation entitled "Assessment of at-risk young males for cardiovascular disease residing in Udaipur City", was conducted on 150 young males (aged 18-25 years) of Udaipur city. Information was collected on nutritional risk factors like BMI, WHR, body weight and dietary pattern and non- nutritional risk factors like — blood pressure, pulse rate, family history of CVD, exercise pattern, stress level and smoking habits The subjects were categorized into three risk groups viz. low, medium and high, on the basis of "Risk Assessments Index". Lipid profile of 20 percent subjects from each risk group was estimated. Results revealed that 54 percent, 42.67 percent and 3.33 percent subjects were in low, medium and high risk group respectively. In low risk group majority of the subjects had correct weight for height, WHR < 0.85, (96.31%) and BMI ranging between 18-25 kg/m2 (85.18%). In contrast all the subjects in high risk group had BMI > 25 Kg/m2 and WHR > 0.98.

Consumption of vegetable, pulses, fruits and fruit juices were more preferable in low risk group while in high risk group, fried foods, fast foods, carbonated beverages, soft drinks, tea / coffee were preferred. Smoking and alcoholism were more prevalent in medium and high risk group subjects. Majority of the subjects (97.53 %) in low risk group had normal blood pressure while in high risk group majority of subjects were hypertensive (>139/89mmlig). Pulse rate of 46.92 percent subjects ranged between 70-80 per minutes in low risk group whereas in high risk group it was 80-90 per minutes or > 90 per minutes. In low risk group majority of subjects had no family of CVD where as in medium and high risk group 78.12 percent and 100 percent subjects respectively had positive family history of CVD. Majority of subjects in low and medium risk group used to exercise while none of the subject exercised in high risk group. Most of the subjects studied were found under familial, educational or both types of stress. Lipid profile estimation of the subjects revealed that total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C were higher than normal levels in high risk group and lower in low riskgroup subjects. The level of HDL-C (good cholesterol) were low in high risk group and high in low risk group. The risk factors were positively associated with total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides where as negatively associated with HDL-C in high and medium risk group. No significant correlation was found between the risk factors and lipid profile of the low group subjects. Based on the finding it can be concluded that the various risk factors viz. obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, stress, family history of CVD and unhealthy dietary practices increases the risk of cardiovascular disease among young males. Lipid profile also confirmed the level of risk of CVD among the subjects.

MODIFICATION OF FOOD PREPARATIONS TO REDUCE ENERGY DENSITY AND IMPROVE IRON CONTENT

Research Scholor: Ridhi Sindhi

Major Advisor: Dr. Shashi Jain

In present study selected commonly consumed rood preparations were modified to reduce energy density and improve iron content in selected food products. Its acceptability and nutrient composition was also assessed. This study was conducted in 3 phases including standard product, modified product and enriched product. Four products were selected i.e. tart, sweet biscuits, mathri and besan ladoo and standardized in the laboratoly for their organoleptic characteristics and portion size. Further they were subjected to modification for their energy density and iron content. The modification was done either of change in type or ingredients, quantity or ingredients and method of cookin. An iron rich rice bran powder developed by Jain and Mathur (2001) was added to modified products in the ratio of 1g per serving to enrich these products with iron. Acceptability of standard. modified and enriched food preparations was assessed by nine point hedonic scale. Results indicated that modified and enriched products were liked more than the standard products by the panel members. The mean scores of standard, modified and enriched tart were 8.06, 8.0, 8.31, sweet biscuits - 7.2, 7.7, 8.13, mathri - 7.8, 8.06, 7.65, and besan ladoo - 7.9, 8.30, 7.96 respectively.

Each of the preparation was analysed for nutritional composition at every phase of the study using standardized technique. Nutritional composition of modified products revealed that fat content of these preparations reduced by 16% in tarts to 56% in besan ladoo. Similarly energy density was reduced by 6% in tarts to 13% in besan ladoo due to the reduction in fat content. No significant difference (P <0.05) \ vas found in any other nutrients except litre which increased in sweet biscuits and mathri due to addition of isabgol "a fibre rich edible". Nutritional analysis of enriched products showed a significant increase in iron content ranging from 95% to 242% in selected food preparations respectively. No significant difference was observed in any other nutrients. Thus it is concluded that modification of food preparation can be easily incorporated in daily diet and can be propagated.

IMPACT OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND IRON FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON RURAL BENEFICIARIES OF KISHORI BALIKA YOJANA

Research Scholor: Miss Santosh Bala

Major Advisor: Dr. Vibha Bhatnagar

The present study was under taken to find out the impact of nutrition education and iron folic acid supplementation on rural adolescent beneficiaries of Kishori Balika Yojana Sixty (30 participant and 30 non participant) of Badganv Panchayat samiti, Udaipur formed the study subjects. Nutritional knowledge, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements clinical signs and symptoms and haemoglobin status was assessed. General information of the respondents indicated that majority of participants and non participants `were from the younger group (13- 15yrs), were unmarried and educated up to primary class. Majority of them were from nuclear families of lower middle class. Both the participants and non participants showed very poor knowledge pertaining to general facts of nutrition and anaemia. Though the mean percent scores gained by the participants were slightly higher than non participants, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Dietary sure ey revealed that two meal pattern was followed by the respondents. Cereal, pulses, other vegetables, milk, sugar and jaggery and fat and oils were consumed in very small quantity as compared to the balance diets suggested for adolescent group. Green leafy vegetables were found missing from their diet. Nutrient intake of both the participants and non participants was lower than the recommended allowances. Diet was most limiting in energy, protein, calcium iron and vitamin C. Height of participants varied from 90.81 — 93.93 percent while it was 93.2 — 96.56 percent of the standard height among non participants. The weight of participant and non participant ranged between 61.45 — 82.42 percent and 67.53 — 80.24 percent of standard weight respectively. Distribution of height for age and weight for •age showed 17 and percent participant and 47 and 27 percent non participant girls respectively as normal. The remaining were suffering from various grades of malnutrition. The various clinical signs observed among respondents were pale conjunctiva and easy fatiguability.

Haemoglobin level of all the respondents ranged between 4.8-11.6 g/dl in 13 to 15 years while in 16-18 years it varied from 5.4 — 11.9 g/dl in participants and 5.6 — 11.3 g/dl in non participants. The mean haemoglobin level was significantly higher in participants than the non participants in younger age group (13-15 yrs) showing beneficial effect of distributing iron folate tablets. Distribution of the respondents on the basis of haemoglobin levels revealed that majority of participants(69%) and non participants(90%) were deficient in the younger group while in older group 73 percent were deficient among both participant and non participant. Correlation between nutritional knowledge scores and haemoglobin showed a significantly positive correlation among both participants and non participants indicating the beneficial effect of nutrition education on haemoglobin status. However mean percent scores gained in knowledge test by both participants and non participants were almost same. The results of the present study indicate to strengthen the nutritional aspect of Kishori Balika Yojana including nutritional education and distribution of iron folate tablets among adolescents for prevention and control of anaemia.

NUTRITIONAL PROFILE AND IQ OF FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN IN TAPOVAN MANOVIKAS INSTITUTE AT SRIGANGANAGAR DISTRICT ".

Research Scholor: Mandeep Kaur

Major Advisor: Dr. Saroj Kothari

A study on the nutritional profile and IQ of feeble minded children in Tapovan Manovikas Institute at Sri Ganganagar district was conducted by using dietary survey, anthropometry measurements examination, IQ of the children and adequacy of lunch served by the institute. The dietary survey was conducted for 3 consecutive days by 24 hours recall method. The result of the study revealed that daily intake of food was substantially inadequate. Consumption of cereals, pulses, roots and tubers and other vegetable, milk and milk products was very less than the balanced diet. Consumption of GLVs was zero, Intake of energy, Protein, fat, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, Ca, iron. Vitamin A (Retinol), vitamin C was inadequate in both the age groups (1 -3 years and 4-6 years) children. Anthropometric measurements like height and weight were found below the standards for both the age group studied. Prevalence of malnutrition showed that maximum percentage 76.66 percent of the respondents were at moderate under nutrition grade of malnutrition. Clinical examination showed vitamin B complex and vitamin C deficiency among children. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) level of the respondents showed that 56.66 percent had mildly retarded, 33.3 percent moderately retarded and 6.66 percent had severely retarded grade of IQ. The correlation between IQ and nutrient intake (r=0.25 and 0.193), IQ and anthropometry measurements (r=0.27 and 0.08) as calculated by correlation coefficient indicated significantly positive correlation (p < 0.05). Adequacy of lunch served in the institute showed that calorie intake was less than one third of RDA and protein intake was higher than 50 percent of RDA for both the age group children respectively.

PREVALENCE OF FLUOROSIS AMONG FAMILIES OF VILLAGE DEGANA (Distt. Nagaur)

Research Scholor: Sonal Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra The present investigation entitled "Prevalence of fluorosis among families of village Degana (Distt. Nagaur) was conducted on fifty families residing since last 5 years in Degana village. Interview cum observation technique was used to collect information on prevalence and severity of the disease. Out of 244 subjects, 234 (95.90%) were fluorotics. The prevalence of dental fluorosis increased progressively from 92.85% (4-6 years) to 100.0% (9 years and above). Grade II (61.11%) and grade I (15.38%) of dental fluorosis was observed maximum among the subjects. Skeletal fluorosis increased progressively from 54.54% (7-9 years), 91.95% (18-40 years) to 100% at the age of 60 years and above. Pain in lower limb, neck, backbone, joints and inability to perform routine domestic work were the common musculo-skeletal symptoms prevalent. Severe forms of skeletal fluorosis i.e. genuvalgum, kyphosis and flexor deformity of knee joint were also observed.

Non skeletal fluorosis increased progressively from 54.54% (7-9 years), 91.95% (18-40 years) to 1 00.0% at the age of 60 years and above. Excessive thirst, increased frequency of urination, tingling sensation, depression and nervousness were the common neurological symptoms observed. Common gastrointestinal symptoms observed were gas formation, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation and diarrhoea. Only 10.24% could not perform the physical tests suggestive of severe forms of skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content of water from different sources ranged from 0.30 mg/I to 1.9] mg/1. WHO (1994) suggested only 1 mg/lit. fluoride as a safe limit for human consumption. Calcium and magnesium hardness ranged from 30-150mg/I and 120-170mg/1 respectively. The difference between the fluoride content and total hardness of drinking water were found to be significant (p<0.01). The fluoride intake through food and water was I.09mg (3.20%) and 32.90mg (96.80%) respectively. While the total intake of fluoride through diet was 33.99mg (100%). Total (94.26%) of subjects were habitual of drinking tea daily. Supari, black salt, bidis and tobacco were occasionally consumed. Thus it can concluded that the fluoride intake water and food was above permissible leadine, to fluorosis among subjects. Delluoridation of drinking water and community awareness is recommended in this aspect.

2003-04

NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF GALLSTONE PATIENTS RESIDING IN BIKANER DISTRICT

Research Scholor: Urvashi Dhingra

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Kothari

In present study total 60 patients were selected for the study from two hospitals of Bikaner, (Rajasthan) with equal representation from both the hospitals and both sexes. The results revealed that the disease was prevalent among individual irrespective of their caste, religion, type of family, food habits etc.81.6 percent were Hindus and majority of them were vegetarians. Majority of patients belongs to middle class. Only 11.6 percent had family history of disease. Ultra sonography was standard diagnosis tool for majority of (95%) patients and majority of patients (91.67%) treated surgically for the disease. Anthropometric indices showed that male patients had lower weight, weight for height and body mass index than females. Body mass index was significantly different (P<0.05) in male and female patients. Majority of the selected patients from the sample having normal or desirable blood cholesterol level, with mean value 176.26 mg/dl. Only 13.3 percent had border line high cholesterol level with associated diabetes and hypertension. Dietary survey concluded that selected patients consumed fats in high amount and vitamin C and fibre in low amounts which may be a reason for stone formation in gallbladder. The above results concluded that the patients consuming low amount of fruit and vegetables and more than recommended amount of fats and oils in their diet which though to be a risk factor for gallstone formation and if patients take high amount of fruits and vegetables in diet it may be helpful in preventing this disease.

QUALITY EVALUATION OF FOOD RELATED ADVERTISEMENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON FOOD CONSUMING PATTERN AMONG CHILDREN

Research Scholor: Miss Vedika Chohan

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Vibha Bhatnagar

The study was conducted in two phases. First phase consisted of survey on hundred school children (7-12 years) and their mothers. Information regarding the background profile, television- viewing practice, purchasing pattern and consumption pattern were assessed. In second, phase a panel of six judges evaluated quality of ten most frequently telecast food related advertisements. Frequency percentage, mean scores and test were computed for the analysis of data. Findings of study revealed that majority of children watch television for 2-3 hours and enjoy watching television at afternoon, with more preference for the cartoon channel. Further, all the food related advertisements were liked by children except that of aerated drinks commodity. With respect to purchasing patterns results indicates, that majority of mothers purchase potato chips (88%) and chocolates (80%) daily, food supplements (88%) and biscuits (55%) monthly, dairy products (82%) and noodles (68%) occasionally, whereas aerated drinks showed high frequency of never (67%) purchasing patterns. Consumption of food supplements, potato chips and chocolates was found on daily basis and of noodles, dairy products and biscuits was occasional whereas aerated drinks were never consumed by majority of children. Majority of children (51%) had 40- 50 percent calorie contribution through advertised foods in their daily diet. Further the investigation also reveals that purchasing and consumption pattern of dairy products, food supplements, potato chips and nooles were associated with TV viewing hours whereas aerated drinks were not. Quality evaluation in terms of clarity of message, presentation of advertisement, correctness and completeness of information and overall effectiveness revealed that food related advertisements either fall in the category of “very good” or “good”. However, the motive behind all the advertisements was found as sales promotion rather that health promotion. Further, information on nutrient content is not provided through advertisements or even on the labels of food except Amul cool milk. Children, who are yet to reach the age of logical reasoning, readily believe the television- advertising message and their misleading implications. Therefore, children need to be provided consumer education right from the tender age. Further, the food advertisements must provide complete and correct information on nutrient content so that consumers make their decisions consistently and intelligently.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF GOING CHILDREN BELONGING TO FARM FAMILIES OF TEHSIL VALLABHNAGAR, UDAIPUR DISTRICT

Research Scholor: Miss Nevedita Deval

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Kothari

The result of the study revealed that daily intake of food was substantially inadequate. Consumption of cereals, pulses, roots and tubers and other vegetables, GLVs, milk and milk product was less than the balanced diet in majority of respondents of all farmer categories. Consumption of fruits was zero under all farmer categories. Consumption of food stuff by the respondents of large farmer category was better than other two categories. Intake of energy, protein, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, vitamin A (Retinol) and vitamin C was inadequate in majority of respondents. Intake of nutrient by the respondents of large farmer category was better than other two categories. Anthropometric measurement like height, weight and MUAC were found below the standard in majority of respondents. Prevalence of malnutrition was found more in marginal farmer category (69.44% moderate under nutrition) than small farmer category (58.34% moderate under nutrition) and lowest in large farmer category (47.22% moderate under nutrition). Clinical examination showed iron and vitamin C deficiency and dental caries and mottled enamel more among children of all farmer category. Whereas children of large farmer category had better status when compared with other two categories.

2004-05

A STUDY ON PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND CONSUMPTION OF MAIZE AMONG FARM FAMILIES

Research Scholor: Miss Raksha Ninama

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Vibha Bhatnagar

An interview method was used to collect the information regarding farm families. A dietary survey by 24 hours recall method was conducted for one day by using household measures to find out the adequacy of their diet.Survey revealed that total area under maize cultivation was 145.76 hectares in the Banswara region by the study subjects and the total maize production was 5829.34 quintals and average yield per hectare was 39.99 q/ha.Cropping patterns of maize revealed that 66.66% respondents were taking only one crop of maize in ayear. Hundred percent respondents from all categories were growing wheat as major crop in rabi season And maize in kharif season. Inter cropping system was found which revealed that during kharif season, maize was being sown along with pulse crops (green gram/ black gram/ soybean/cowpea). 45.5% respondents were using hybrid variety as seed i.e. mahi kanchan, mahi Dawal, Ganga-11 and Ganga Safed-2.The respondents were using mud kothi, (54.4%), Metallic kothi (44.44%) and nylon bags for storing maize. Sixty per cent of the respondents were using neem leaves and 23.3% and 13.3% of the respondents were using chemical insecticide and ash against the stored grains respectively. Precautions followed storage of maize revealed that 56.66% and 43.33% of the respondents used air tight storage bins and not frequently opened the storage structure.

Consumption pattern of maize revealed that 655 and 35% respondents were consuming maize because it provides satiety value and it is cheaper than wheat. Farm labourers (100%) and marginal (96.66%) category were consuming maize throughout the year and large (70%) and small farm families (60%) were consuming maize only during winter season.Roasted bhutta was consumed daily by all respondents from large, small and marginal categories where as weekly consumption was reported by 96.66% of farm labourers. 96.66% of the respondents were consuming vegetables weekly and pakode were consumed occasionally by respondents (69.66%). Maize chapatti was consumed by 4.16%, 41.66%, 30.83% and 1.66% respondents daily, weekly, monthly and respectively. 95.83% of the respondents were consuming mixed (maize and wheat, 2:1) chapatti daily, and 40.83% respondents consumed maize batti occasionally. Whereas Maize dalia and rab were consumed by 43.5% and 14.16% respondents monthly.It can be deduced from the findings of research through dietary survey that diets of the farm families in comparison to the balanced diets was slightly inadequate in cereals (72-92%) by male and female respondents of all categories. Consumption of pulses was low in all the respondents (27-39%) except female respondents of small category (54- 94%). Intake of green leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables milk and milk products, sugar and jiggery and fats and oils.When compared with RDA, calcium, β - carotene and thiamin intake was more than recommended allowances by male and female respondents of large and small category. The daily intake of protein by male respondents was 67.93%, 55.93%, 70.60% and 69.42% and 105.22%, 106%, 96% and 93.64% by female respondents respectively.Energy intake by male respondents was 74-86% and 55-70% by female respondents of all categories. Riboflavin intake by male and female respondents was 35-46% and 65-94%.In all farm families low level of iron, Vitamin-C and niacin assessed in male and female as compared to RDA.

ASSESSMENT OF DIET AND BODY FAT PATTERN AS A TRIGGERING FACTOR FOR MENOPAUSE AND HYPERTENSION

Research Scholor: Miss Kulvinder Kaur

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Renu Mogra

The present study was conducted on 120 subjects with equal representation of pre and post menopausal women (aged 45-55 years), of udaipur city, Rajasthan. The subjects were categorized into four groups viz. hypertensive and normotensive at pre and post menopausal stage. Results revealed that mean age of menopause was 51 years. Higher percentage of women reported the appearance of menopause with gradual decrease in amount of blood flow with increase in duration between 2 cycles and then cessation. Cardiovascular, emotional, gastrointestinal, locomotor and endocrine disturbances were observed more among post menopausal women, whereas neurotic and psychotic symptoms like depression, excitability, irritability, nervousness and aggressiveness were more in pre menopausal women. Equal percentage of pre (60%) and post (61%) menopause had positive family history of hypertension.

Blood pressure at pre (70%) and post (63%) menopausal hypertensive women was found between 160-179/100-109 mm Hg. None of women in pre menopausal stage had stage III hypertension ( > 180/>110 mmHg) while, 16.66 percent post menopausal hypertensive women had stage III hypertension. Anthropometric measurements and indices like weight, height, WHR, abdominal obesity body mass index were higher in hypertensive women at pre and post menopausal stage than normotensive counterparts. Adiposity measure had consistent relationship with blood pressure. Total body fat and body water were high in post menopausal women than pre menopausal women.

Suprailiac and abdominal skin folds were observed as the major site for deposition of fat in post menopausal women. Dietary survey indicated that intake of all the nutrients were comparatively more in pre menopausal women than post menopausal women. The intake of energy, fat, sodium was higher in hypertensive group of pre and post menopausal women as compared to normotensive counterparts. Post menopausal women had higher systolic (160-179 mm Hg) and diastolic (100-109 mm Hg) blood pressure compared to pre menopausal women. This may be due to higher value of adiposity and high intake of energy, fat and sodium as well as low intake of calcium and potassium. Based on the finding it can be concluded that adiposity the major contributor of hypertension among women.

DEVELOPMENT OF READY TO RECONSTITUTE ENTERAL FEED AND ITS QUALITY EVALUATION

Research Scholor: Miss Amita Joshi

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Shashi Jain

Enteral tube feeding is the standard nutritional support modality for patients with a functioning gastrointestinal tract. It decreases patient care cost and also helpful in early recovery. In present investigation an effort has been made to develop a ready to reconstitute enteral feed and to evaluate its quality. Feed was developed using food ingredients that are commonly consumed in daily diet. Quantity of ingredients for the development of mix was standardized by taking into consideration standard enteral formulas used at hospital dietetic department and balance diet suggested by ICMR (1981). All the ingredients whether dry or fresh were subjected to various processing treatment to improve the palatability and nutritional quality of product. Dry ingredients i.e. rice, rice flakes, soyabean, whole green gram, foxtail millet and Niger seeds were subjected to soaking, germination, oven drying at 50° C for 5 hours and roasting. Soaking duration, germination time and drying temperature varied for each ingredient. All these were finally subjected to milling. Similarly fresh ingredients i.e. Coriander and Spinach were pressure cooked along with oil and then blenderized to slurry which was then dried in oven at 65° C and ground to powder. Lotus stem was also blanched, dried and ground to powder. All these processed dried powders were blended homogenously with powdered sugar and dry amla powder which gave a final yield of 320.22 grams. Blended powder was passed through sieve of 0.7 mm (mash size), oven dried at 60° C for 3-4 hours to minimize moisture content. At the 50 gm of skim milk powder was added to it. Quantity of powder obtained to meet the day’s requirement was 355 grams. For storage studies mix was prepared in bulk and packed in self sealed LDPE pouches and aluminum foil and stored at room temperature for 3 months. Developed mix was then subjected to quality evaluation at periodic interval of one month. Nutritional composition of mix analyzed revealed that developed feed for one whole day was providing 1427.84 kcal and carbohydrates, protein and fat were contributing to 68.43%, 13.9% and 17.56% of total energy respectively.

Developed mix was found adequate in most of the nutrients as compared to standard polymeric formula. Developed feed was analyzed for reconstitution behavior every month, it reconstituted well in hot water with 1:6 w/v ratio. This ration was found most appropriate for flow behavior through ryle’s tube of 10 Fr. Size. Physicochemical properties of reconstituted feed were also analyzed at every month of storage. Total solids, pH and reconstitution time did not show much variation during whole storage period but viscosity of reconstituted feed showed progressive decline from 142 cp (0 month ) to 98 cp (3rd month). Addition of oil showed further reduction in viscosity from 135 cp to 85 cp. Developed mix was microbiologically safe for consumption upto whole storage period of three months. It was found devoid of pathogenic microbes (Coliforms 2 2 and S. aureus) while T.V.C. and yeast and mold count were found to be 4.0 × 10 – 3.3 × 10 cfu/g and 0.5 × 102– nil respectively for whole storage period which was below the safe limit. A spore count of 1.7 × 102 – 1.60× 102 was observed and found more or less constant. Thus it is inferred that developed feed is nutritious, easy to reconstitute and safe for consumption for three month and calculated cost was also within reach of general population.

PREVALENCE OF OBESITY, WEIGHT PERCEPTION AND DIETARY BEHAVIOUR OF URBAN COLLEGE GOING GIRLS

Research Scholor: Miss Priyanka Tiwari

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Aarti Sankhla

The present research was conducted in Udaipur city. A sample of one thousand girls (18- 24 yrs.) was screened on the basis of BMI to assess the prevalence of obesity. At second stage 30 girls were selected purposively from each of the three weight status categories i.e., normal, overweight and obese. The weight perception and dietary behaviour of these subjects were assessed by a structured and pretested questionnaire. “Twenty four hour recall” method for three consecutive days was used to collect information on dietary adequacy.The results revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 10 percent in urban college going girls. The general activity pattern of all the subjects indicated their sedentary life style. More than half of the subjects (53.4 percent) had positive family history of overweight or obesity. Only few of them were aware of the causes and disorders of obesity. More than 70 percent subjects followed either physical exercise, dietary modification or the combination of these two weight control measures. About 55 percent had misconception regarding their body weight. They perceived themselves to be either lighter or heavier than body weight. Majority of the subjects followed four meal pattern and preferred fat and energy dense foods, overweight and obese subjects were more frequently consuming these foods items as compared to normal ones. Higher intake of roots and tubers, sugar and jaggery and fats and oils were found in overweight and obese subjects. The total energy intake of all the subjects was found to be the limit of recommended dietary allowances. Observable difference between the three groups of subjects was found the intake of energy, fats, carbohydrates, fibre, calcium, phosphorous, iron and niacin. Thus, it can be concluded that, there is a gradual increase in the prevalence of obesity among college going girls. This may be due to their faulty food habits.

NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF EDIBLE NON FARM PRODUCE AND THEIR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Research Scholor: Miss Priyanka Joshi

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Shashi Jain

The present piece of research is an attempt to analyze three edible non farm produce viz. drumstick, karonda and wood apple for their nutrient composition i.e. proximate principles, vitamin and mineral content and to develop products from these foods stuffs. The results of nutrient analysis showed that fresh drumstick had moisture 85.44 g per cent, protein 1.48 g percent, fat 0.79 g per cent, ash 0.74 per cent, fibre 0.71 g per cent, carbohydrate 10.84 g per cent and energy 56 kcal per 100g. karonda contains moisture 83.75 g per cent, protein 0.47 g per cent, fat 1.77 g per cent, ash 1.34 g per cent, fibre 0.28 g per cent, carbohydrate 12.39 g per cent and energy 67 kcal per 100 g. wood apple had moisture 70.61 g per cent, protein 2.21 g per cent, fat 3.32 g per cent, ash 1.35 g per cent, fibre 0.43 g per cent, carbohydrate 22.08 g per cent and energy 127 kcal per 100 g on fresh weight basis. Seven productswere developed from these food stuffs i.e. drumstick biscuits, drumstick mathri, karonda squash, karonda jelly, gatagat goli, wood apple elly and jeera lune powder. Acceptability of all the products was assessesd on 9 point hedonic scale by a group of 10 members. All the characteristics of these productsweregraded 7 to 9 by these panel members. The mean acceptability score of drumstick biscuit was 7.95 indicating that “liked very much”. The nutrient calculated for biscuits revealed that along with energy they are good same of vitamin C and iron. The mean acceptability scores of karonda squash and karonda jelly was 8.15 and 8.3 respectively showed that both the products were also liked very much by the members. These products provided sumptuous calories, ascorbic acid and other micronutrients. Gatagat goli was graded at the mean acceptability score of 8.625 revealing that was extremely liked by the judges. It is suggested to be used as mouth freshener. Wood apple jelly was liked very much by the panel members having a mean score of 8.45. It was also a good source of energy and iron and fair source of zinc, copper and manganese. Jeera lune powder obtained a mean acceptability score of 8.35 indicating that it was liked very much to extremely. It can be used as table dressing for salads and yoghurt. Cost of 100 g these product are drumstick biscuits - Rs. 3.13, karonda squash - Rs. 2.68, karonda jelly - Rs. 2.73, gatagat goli - Rs. 5.27, wood apple jelly - Rs. 2.63 and jeera lune powder - Rs. 20.23 respectively. The cost of these products was much less as compared to similar products available in local market. It can be concluded from the present investigation that these edible non farm produce i.e. drumstick, karonda and wood apple had all essential nutrients and can be propagated for use in daily diet. The products developed from these foods rich in energy and micronutrients and can be easily prepared at household level. These also be taken for small scale entrepreneurship to generate income. EFFECT OF WHEATGRASS JUICE INTERVENTION ON THE LIPID PROFILE OF ADULT WOMEN

Research Scholor: Miss Jaya Kotnala

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Renu Mogra

The present study was conducted to study the effect of wheatgrass juice intervention on the lipid profile of ten adult women aged 40-60 years residing in Kanpur, Uttaranchal. Fifty women were examined in a preliminary survey to select ten samples with BMI > 25 kg/m2, serum triglyceride >150 mg/dl and with no past or present event of any chronic disease. Anthropometric measurements, body composition and biochemical parameters were assesses prior to and intervention. Information about the dietary pattern was also noted.Results revealed that before intervention the mean BMI of the subjects was 27.91 kg/m2 with 70 percent subjects in obese grade I category and 30 percent in the category of obese grade II. Mean body fat (26.28 kg) was in a higher range with decreased fat free mass (41.31 kg). The lipid profile showed that study group had higher mean serum triglyceride (170.80 mg/dl), total cholesterol (262.00 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein were in the desirable range (50.20 mg/dl). All the subjects were vegetarian but the consumption of fat and fried food items was found frequently among majority of the subjects while fruits and salads were not consumed frequently. Intervention with wheatgrass juice was extracted using wheatgrass from 50g wheat. Hence, intervention was done using 50 ml wheatgrass juice. Results indicated the beneficial effect of intervention is significantly reducing the skin fold thickness viz., bicep, tricep, subscapula and syorailiac by 5.19, 5.05, 5.21 and 3.93 percent respectively. It also exhibited an effective role in reducing the serum triglyceride (13.5%), total cholesterol (4.85%), low density lipoprotein (7.13%) and very low density lipoprotein (13.53%) while high density lipoprotein levels were raised. There was no adverse effect of intervention on the health of the subjects and they were ready to take it for a longer period of time. The wheatgrass juice can thus be suggested to be used as a hypolipidemic agent which can also have an effective role in reducing obesity.

NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF SELECTED INFERTILE WOMEN SUFFERING FROM POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)

Research Scholor: Miss Dimple Sharma Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Kothari

Nutritional profile of sixty infertile women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) visiting, Human Fertility Research Centers, Udaipur was assessed by dietary survey, anthropometry measurements, body composition, clinical, biochemical and biophysical examination. Results revealed that 88.3 percent of families were Hindu and majority of them were vegetarian. Women were having small families with mean per capita income of Rs. 4,367 per month. Obstetric history showed that age of the menarche ranged from 13 to 16 years with either oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. Health habits showed that most of them were regular consumers of tea and occasional consumers of coffee whereas only 11.7 per cent were doing exercise. Dietary survey revealed that intake of cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables and milk were significantly low (P<0.01) then balanced diet. Intake of nutrients compared with RDA showed significantly lower intake of iron, folic acid and fibre and significantly higher intake of fat, calcium, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C (P<0.01). Energy, protein and carotene were consumed as per the RDA. Body measurements result showed that mean weight (59.9 kg) as well as height suggested by NCHS standard. Prevalence of malnutrition assessed by weight, BMI and WHR revealed that 41.7 per cent, 50.0 per cent and 48.3 per cent women were either overweight or obese respectively. The skinfolds depicted suprailliac site as a major site of fat deposition. The mean body fat, fat free mass and body water were 15.7 kg, 43.9 kg and 32.1 kg respectively. Clinical signs related to PCOS observed in women were hyper androgenism, frontal baldness, acne and seborrohic dermatitis, these signs depict high levels of lutenizing hormone (LH) and testosterone hormones in women. Hemoglobin levels showed that women were suffering from mild (13.3%) and moderate (35.0%) anemia. High blood pressure was found only in 5-10 per cent of women with PCOS women which may be one of the strong risk factor for development of PCOS and consequently infertility among these women. Immediate attention is required towards reducing body weight, improving sedentary life style and healthy food habits to prevent the condition of PCOS and restore normal reproductive functions among these women respectively.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND PRESENCE OF RISK FACTORS OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE AND DIABETES AMONG SHRINATH JI TEMPLE WORKERS OF NATHDWARA, DISTT. RAJASTHAN

Research Scholor: Miss Gunjan Sanadhya

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Kothari

The study was conducted on 90 male temple workers between the age group of 35-50 years of Shrinath ji temple, Nathdwara to assess their nutritional status and presence of risk factors of CVD and diabetes. An interview schedule was developed to collect the information by the workers' and wives. Dietary survey by 24 hours recall method was conducted for three consecutive days to find out day's food intake. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist and hip circumference, skinfolds on bleep, tricep subscapular and suprailiac sites were taken using standardized techniques. Body mass index, waist hip ratio, body fat, fat free mass and body water were calculated from the body measurements. Fasting blood glucose level of all subjects and lipid profile of 30 selected subjects were analyzed.The results of the studs showed that 96.7 percent- of the families were Hindus and majority of them were vegetarians. Out 0190 subjects, 20 percent had diabetes, C'VD or both. Health habits of these subjects showed that most of them were not taking alcohol, cigarette and 78.9 percent subjects performed exercise regularly. Yoga and walking were the popular exercises among workers but on the other hand. Majority of workers were addicted to tobacco, tea and coffee. They also had familial and financial stress and a strong family history of diabetes.

Dietary survey showed that the diet of workers in comparison to the balanced diet was inadequate in cereals (56.0%), pulses (50%), milk (94.6%), roots and tubers(59%), green leafs vegetables ( 31.5%), fruits (7 1%) and more than adequate in sugar ( 75%)and fat(24.7%).The intake of various nutrients when compared with RDA was found to be adequate for all the nutrients (90-100%) except energy (85.3%), niacin (85%), crude fiber (68.58%), iron (71.32'0) and riboflavin (76.25%).The daily intake of sugar (87.4%) was mostly contributed from Prasad, while, it also provided a fair amount of pulses(27.5%), fat(26%), milk(23.6%) in the daily diet . In terms of nutrients, Prasad provided a high amount of visible fat (51.2%) and β carotene(40.88%). The anthropometric indices showed that 31 percent subjects were obese or over- nourished their weight and most of them were normal (87.8%)in reference to their height. On the basis of their BMI, 54.5 percent were obese or overweight. The skinfolds depicted subscapular site as major site of fat deposition. The mean body fat was 23.5 kg that was higher than a normal person's body fat. Twenty percent subjects were at the risk of hyperglycemia in reference to their fasting blood glucose levels High lipid profile was observed in 33.33 percent subjects. Above results showed high prevalence of obesity among workers and presence of non- communicable disease risk factors such as high intake of tobacco, tea/coffee and high consumption of fat, sugar from Prasad, high lipid profile and blood glucose level which requires immediate attention to prevent non-communicable disease in later life.

2005-06

DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF VALUE ADDED VERMICELLI

Research Scholor: Miss Seema

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Renu Mogra

The present piece of research is an attempt to develop and asses the quality of eight vermicelli viz; sundried and roasted variations of plain wheat flour, malted wheat flour, malted wheat flour + green gram + spinach, malted wheat flour + green gram + spinach+ sago vermicelli using flours of whole wheat, malted wheat, green gram, dried spinach and sago along with a spice mix. The vermicelli were stored for a period of two months and their nutritional and microbial quality was examined. Result revealed that one serving of plain wheat flour and malted wheat flour vermicelli each contained 100% wheat flour and malted wheat flour, respectively. The value added variation that is malted wheat flour+ green gram - spinach and malted wheat flour + green gram + spinach + sago contained malted wheat flour 50.39 and 50.40, green gram 47.24 and 12.60 , spinach 2.37 and 2.36 and sago 0 and 34.64 percent respectively. All vermicelli scored between like moderately to like very much at the nine point hedonic scale as per the panel of ten judges. It was found that roasted vermicelli of each variation were better liked (6.6 to 8.5) than sundried vermicelli (7.3 to 8.3). The amount ingredients required for roasted variation were higher as compared to sundried variation. The cost of vermicelli ranged from Rs. 2.4-3 to 3.23 per 100g and Rs. 1.73 to 2.30 per serving. The cost of malted wheat flour + green gram + spinach + sago vermicelli (Rs.3.23 per 100 g) was highest because of variation in amount of flour and ingredient. Nutrient composition revealed that protein, ash, fibre, carbohydrate, fat and energy content ranged from 9.3 to 13.5, 2.9 to 5.4, 1.6 to 2.4, 69.8 to 75.8, 1.2 to 2.7g and 344 to 362 kcal respectively. Mineral content of all vermicelli showed that it contained sodium (38.2 to 100mg), phosphorous (217 to 272 mg), calcium (25 to 45mg), iron (5.o to 6.6mg), potassium (372 to 456 mg), zinc (0.6 to 2.0 mg ), copper ( 1.93 to 3.36 mg) and manganese (0.60 to 0.95 mg per 100g). Malted wheat flour + green gram + spinach vermicelli was highest in sodium (100mg), phosphorous (272mg), calcium (45mg) and iron content (6.6mg). Potassium (456mg), zinc (2.0mg) and copper content (3.36mg) was highest in malted wheat flour + green gram + spinach + sago vermicelli. Plain wheat flour was found to be highest in manganese content (0.95mg per 100g). Monthly observation on sensory quality revealed that the roasted vermicelli could maintain their visual appeal within highly acceptable range throughout the study period whereas, with the advancement of time, a continues but gradual decrease in average scores of color, flavor, texture, taste, appearance and overall acceptability was noticed. Which indicate that sundried vermicelli was superior than roasted vermicelli but all the variation more within acceptable limit. Observation on keeping quality showed a steady increase in moisture content in each of the vermicelli but was within the safe limit. Microbial quality of vermicelli indicated a gradual decrease in total viable count yeast and mold count during the storage of all the sundried and roasted vermicelli. It can b inferred from the above results that these low cost, convenient, nutritious and shelf stab) products have suitability for all the age group.

IMPACT OF YOGIC BREATHING EXERCISES ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND STRESS LEVEL IN MIDDLE AGED VOLUNTEERS

Research Scholor: Miss Payal Talesara

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Aarti Sankhla

Abstract: Impact of yogic breathing exercise (i.e. six days of basic package and a up 30 days) on nutritional anthropometry, biophysical and biochemical parameters and stress level in thirty subjects, with twelve males and eighteen females of age between 40-60 were studied in the urban environment of Udaipur city. At the inception of the study, the average values of body weight, body mass index and fat mass of the subjects were higher as compared to the respective normal levels but the parameters like blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile of the study population were well within the safe limits. The package brought about an observable improvement in the study group with respect to their body weight, body mass index, fat mass, blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile (total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol) by reducing these values. Simultaneously, a desirable increase in HDL-C' levels id the study subjects were also observed after the completion of one month of follow up of study. Though, the improvement in the parameters were observed after follow up also, but the magnitude was less as compared to that after six days of the basic course, probably due to six days of intense course package as compared to follow up. On subjective assessment of stress, an observable difference in the stress levels of the subjects was reported after the completion of the course. The mean percent stress scores in case of females were 26.10, 20.50 and 14.75 percent while for men the corresponding values were 16.12, 11.85 and 8.08 percent at the three junctures of the study. Alter the end or follow up, the subjects experienced a general overall beneficial impact of the basic course of Art of Living comprising of Yoga, Pranayama and Sudarshankriya.On the completion of the study, i.e. after the follow up, the package proved an immensely crucial and vital role in helping the participants of the investigation cope up with their day to day stresses. Concludingly, the basic package of Art of Living played a significant role in improving nutritional status (nutritional, anthropometry, biophysical and biochemical parameters) and reducing the stress level of middle aged volunteers. The results of the present investigation prove the claims,to some extent, made by such organizations.

IMPACT OF YOGIC BREATHING EXERCISES ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND STRESS LEVEL IN MIDDLE AGED VOLUNTEERS

Research Scholor: Miss Rachana

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Vibha Bhatnagar

Abstract: In the present study an attempt was made towards quality assessment of coffee analog from soybean and its developed products. Soy coffee was prepared using standardized method given by jawanjale and Khorgade. The organoleptic acceptability of soy coffee was judged in the form of soy coffee drink by is panel or six judges using nine point hedonic scale. For conducting shelf life study soy coffee powder was packed in vacuum sealed AFLP as well as in self scaled LDPE and stored at room temperature for 60 days of storage period. Raw soybean and soy coffee powder were analysed for proximate composition, Soy coffee powder was found rich in protein (37.9%), fat (21 .4%), ash (4.9%), fiber (3.9%), carbohydrate (29.4%) and energy (462 kcal). Important determinants of keeping quality viz. moisture content and peroxide value were found not to exceed the prescribed level, initially and throughout the storage period. Observation of sensory qualities revealed that soy coffee could secure its organoleptic characteristics within acceptable range throughout the study period. Here a discernible difference was recorded among vacuum sealed AFLP and self sealed LDPE soy coffee at the culmination point of storage, depicting superiority of vacuumization. Four products were prepared from soy coffee powder viz. biscuit, cake, swiss roll and chocolati chakri. For the purpose the recipes were standardized using different levels of soy coffee (10%, 13%, and 16%) for each product in the laboratory in view of organoleptic acceptability and suitability for coffee substitute. Favourable results were obtained at 10% level of soy coffee in biscuit and cake and 16% in swiss roll and chocolati chakri. Observation on nutritional quality of soy coffee products (cooked wt. basis) indicate that moisture content of biscuit , cake, swiss roll and chocolati chakri was 2.4, 15.1, 24.3 and 2.8 per cent respectively.

Protein content was maximum in chocolati chakri (9.2%) and minimum in swiss roll (14%) and it was same in biscuit and cake (8.5%). Whereas fat content was lowest in swiss roll (19.8%) and highest in chocolati chakri (29.2%). Data on ash content was similar in biscuit and chocolati chakri (1.4%) whereas cake and swiss roll contained 1.7% and 1.2% respectively. Likewise negligible amounts of fiber content was revealed varying between 0.5 to 0.8%. The carbohydrate content of soy coffee products was in the range of 46.8 to 58.7% with high calorific value being maximum in chocolati chakri (526 kcal) and minimum in swiss roll (395 kcal). It can be concluded that boy coffee powder could be stored safely for a period of 60 days in vacuum sealed AFLP with a better retention of sensory attributes and it can be served as caffeine free coffee substitute in coffee flavored products.

DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VALUE ADDED QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) BASED PRODUCTS

Research Scholor: Miss Anupama Samal

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Aarti Sankhla

The present investigation is an attempt to develop and assess the quality of conventional products viz. Sev, Chakli, Biscuit and Muffin based on Quality Protein Maize, white variety ‘Shaktiman – I’. All the four products after standardization were kept at room temperature for one month storage in Al foil laminated polyethylene packets through two different packaging conditions viz. ordinary heal sealing and vacuum were assessed for their sensory, chemical and microbial quality at zero , fifteen and 30 days duration. In addition, freshly prepared standardized products were also got assessed for their acceptance by the 50 consumers including housewives (20), college staff (20) and students (10). The results on proximate composition reveals that the sev contained 1.44% moisture, 37.69% fat, 6.48% protein, 3.44% ash, 2.3% crude fibre, 0.33% carbohydrates and 566 kcal energy per 100g. The corresponding values in case of chakli and biscuit were 2.68,11; 35.77,29.77; 7.74,5.48; 2.66,1.22; 1.10,0.43; 52.73,63.10 and 564,542 kcal respectively. However, muffins with highest moisture content (13.45) was found to contain fat 26.53%, protein 7.33%, ash 1.59%, fibre 0.33%, carbohydrate 04.12% and energy 525 kcal per 100g of the sample. Effect of one month storage on sensory attributes reveals that all the products except muffins could maintain their sensory quality within highly acceptable range while this duration was 15 days for muffins.

A discernible difference as observed between two packaging conditions at the culmination point of storage superiority of vacuumization. Observations on chemical quality showed decrease in moisture content and increase in peroxide value in each of the product. Regarding microbial quality, a gradual reduction in number of surviving microbes (TVC) from it, initial count of 1.87 x 103 cfu/g for sev, 1.57 x 103 cfu/g for chakli, 3.90 x 103 cfu/g for biscuit and 8.35 x 103 cfu/g for muffin was observed. Here also, vacuum sealing proved its superiority in controlling microbial proliferation. Like selected panel members, consumers also adjudged all the products as excellent. Thus, it can be deduced on the basis of present finding:, that these acceptable, convenient, shelf stable QPM based snack items can serve as a source of quality protein without radically changing the dietary habits of mases. 2006-07

EFFECT OF ACTIVE EXTRACT INTERVENTION ON CHOLESTEROL LEVEL OF DOES MIDDLE AGED WOMEN

Research Scholor: Ms. Nidhi Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr(Mrs)Renu Mogra

Study was conducted on 20 obese middle ( > 25 kg/ m ) aged women (40-60) of Udaipur city. Stevia extract was prepared and interviewed to the subjects for a period of one month. The intervention exhibited its efficacy in significantly (P< 0.01) reducing the blood pressure of the subjects. Systolic blood pressure reduced from 155 mmHg to 151 mmHg ed diastolic from 92 mmHg to 86 mm.Hg after intervention. The extract was found effective in significantly lowering the elevated levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipo protein and increasing the HDL levels.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL NAGPUR MANDRINS

Research Scholor: Ms. Tulika Acharya

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs.) Vibha Bhatnagar

Physical characteristics of organic and conventional mandrns revealed that the organic mandrins were superior over conventional mandrins. The characteristics were as follows: fruit weight – 158.51 and 116.27 g; weight of juive vesicles per fruit – 8.61 and 6.26 g; no. of segments – (0.16 and 9.16g, juice content – 60.26 and 38.52 ml, juice percent – 44.07 and 32.91g; litrable acidity – 0.59 and 0.74%. The nutrients like moisture (87.51%), fibre (0.31%), ash (0.40%), total sugar (9.23%), vitamin C (30.36%), calcium (26.8%), magnesium (53.2%), sodium (71.9% ) and potassium were higher in organic mandarin than conventional mandrins.

2007-08

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF URBAN ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CALCIUM NUTRITIVE

Research Scholor: Ms. Nidhi Kalra

Major Advisor: Dr(Mrs) Vibha Bhatnagar

Mean serum calcium levels ranged in normal category indicating that bone calcium can remain fairly consistent with calcium being reaberbed from the bone and deposited at similar rates. It can be thus concluded that B.M.D. is more appropriate indicator to assess the relationship between dietary calcium and calcium status of a human being.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GHEE CONSUMED IN UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholor: Ms Aparajita Bhasin

Major Advisor: Dr(Mrs) Saroj Kothari

Total 30 samples with five parameters Moisture content , Refractive index values , Reichert Miessh value, free fatty acid value, Bandovin test were analyzed. Only one sample from HIG had higher content of FFA than the permissible limit given by BIS. Refractive index values were within the range specified by BIS. Reichert Miessl value was found less than prescribed value in 3 samples one each from LIG, MIG & HIG. Free fatty acid values were below the upper limit of specified by B.I.S. Two out of 10 sample in group found positive showing adulteration.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDNUT OIL CONSUMED IN UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholor: Ms Geetanjali Tahilramani

Major Advisor : Dr(Mrs) Saroj Kothari

The present study was undertaken to assess the purchasing practices of groundnut 'oil in the families of three income groups and to assess the quality of groundnut oil consumed in Udaipur city. The total sample for the present study consisted of 300 families of Udaipur city. These families were than classified into three income group viz. HIG, MIG and LW as per the Urban Improvement Trust (UIT), Udaipur Norms. From the separate lists of income groups, thus prepared ten groundnut oil consuming families were selected at random from each income group for the purpose of quality assessment of groundnut oil.

For assessment of purchasing practices, percentage distribution method was used and for the purpose of quality assessment, requirements given by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), 2002 were followed. The analysis of 5 characteristics of groundnut oil viz refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value and Ballier's turbidity test temperature was done. Two-sample test was used to interpret the results of these analytic tests for the three income groups.

The background information of families revealed that there was more or less an equal representation of families from the three income groups i.e. 35.7 percent (107) respondents belonged to HIG, 30 percent (90) were from MIG and the rest i.e. 34.3 percent (103) were from LIG. 67.3 percent (202) respondents belonged to nuclear families. Most of-the families from three income groups consumed 3-5L cook;ng oil per month and the per capita oil consumption was 21-30g/day for the maximum number of respondents in each income group. For regular as well as occasional consumption groundnut oil was found to be most favoured cooking medium. But there was a shift from groundnut oil to soyabean oil in many LIG families because of lower cost of soyabean oil. For the HIG families the major reason for oil change was illness in the family.

The knowledge of certification mark and the habit of checking it was found to be most prevalent in the families of HIG and was minimum in LIG families.

The results of analysis of the five characteristics of groundnut oil in the three income groups i.e. refractive index, acid value, iodine value, saponification value and Ballier's turbidity temperatures in the three income groups showed a non-significant difference although there were variations in the values obtained. Refractive indices of 46.66 percent samples were above the accepted range, whereas saponification values of two samples (9 and 24) were below the lower acceptable limit. The readings for acid value and iodine value were within the acceptable range. It was also observed that although purchasing of oil was taken well care of among MIG and HIG but not specifically in LIG. The overall quality of oil was found to be, up to the standard in all samples except one sample that belonged to LIG where the Ballier's turbidity temperature was much lower than the acceptable value.

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN RICH POWDER FROM GROUNDNUT MEAL Research Scholor: Ms.Neha Saxena Major Advisor: Dr. Shashi Jain Technology was developed to obtain protein rich powder from groundnut meal. Four treatments viz. Roasting, removal of fat, removal of fibre and organic acid alkali treatment were given to reduce the amounts of toxic aflatoxin present in meal. Results revealed a reduction of 17.86 to 100 percent aflatoxin . Powder obtained after acid alkali treatmrnt was acceptable organoleptically. Incorporation of protein rich powder in baati, basan laddu and sweet biscuit at 35 and 50 percent level resulted in acceptability scores ranging from 6.3 to 8 indicating that the powder was acceptable. EFFECT OF CINNAMON INTERVENTION ON BMI, BLOOD GLUCOSE AND LIPID PROFILE TYPE 2 DIABETES Research Scholor : Ms Richa Soni Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs) Vibha Bhatnagar Diet of diabetes was found to be high in fat (131%), calcium (190.37%), thiamine (180.58%), vitamin C (117.40%) and niacin (110%), adequate in energy (103%), carbohydrate (80.35), diet was lows in iron (54.75%), protein (72.67%) and fibre (15.94%). Subjects were obese and having high blood pressure and high sugar levels. Subjects were given 2g cinnamon capsules for 40 days. Statistically significant reductions was observed in fasting and post prandial blood glucose, serum cholesterol, LDLC and blood pressure. EFFECT OF GURMAR LEAF POWDER ON THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AMONG FEMALE NIDDM SUBJECTS Research Scholor : Ms Renu Paliwal Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs) Saroj Kothari The study was conducted to find out the effect of gurmar leaf powder intervention on the blood glucose levels of 20 non-insulin dependent diabetic women (40-60 yrs) not taking any hypoglycaemic drug. Gurmar leaves were dried and powdered for intervention. Leaf powder contained 6.25g moisture, 15.54 g protein, 3.1 g fat, 6.0 g ash, 6.2g fibre and 62.91g carbohydrates. Six gram of powder was given to the patients per day and found that it reduced fasting as well as post prandial glucose significantly after one month of intervention.

2008-09 IMPACT OF COUNSELLING ON NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, DIETARY STATUS AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL OF 30 NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETIC WOMEN (40-60YRS) RESIDING IN GANGANAGAR (RAJ) Research Scholor : Ms Aman Arora Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs) Renu Mogra An educational package on dietary management of diabetes was developed and patients were imparted individual as well as group counselling. Results revealed that there was increase in knowledge of the respondents regarding clinical manifestations, associated problems of diseases, balanced diet, management of NIDDM. Before counselling the diet of diabetes was inadequate in pulses, leafy vegetables, roots & tubers and fruits where as it was high in cereals , fat and milk and milk products. After counselling, patients practiced modification in diets as suggested during counselling. The mean fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly after counselling. It was concluded that counselling can be an effective measure to bring out favourable changes in diabetes state. NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF CAULIFLOWER LEAF POWDER AND ITS ACCEPTABILITY IN FAST FOOD SNACKS Research Scholor : Ms Jigya Banga Major Advisor : Dr. (Mrs)Renu Mogra Cauliflower leaf powder was developed by drying cauliflower leaves and its acceptability in various fast food snacks like sandwitch, tikki, khaman, chowmein and burger were assessed. It was found that cauliflower leaves could be incorporated in snacks up to 10% level and their sensory scores ranged from 7.3 to 8.3 indicating that the snacks with CLP were liked between moderately to very much. In addition, optimum utilization will help in widing food basket as well as in improving micronutrient deficiency as it is rich in iron. PREVALENCE OF NON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA AMONG RURAL SCHOOL CHILDREN AND EFFECT OF IRON AND VITAMIN C RICH FOOD SUPPLEMENTS ON BLOOD HAEMOGLOBIN LEVELS Research Scholor: Ms. Kamna Bhati

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs.) Vibha Bhatnagar

The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among 240 rural school children (7-12 yrs) of Sanganer tehsil. Nutritional status of children and effect of iron and vitamin C rich food supplements on blood Hb levels was also assessed. Gur-til laddoo and guava were supplements to selected moderately anaemic girls (7-9 yrs). Results showed that 86.24 percent subjects were suffering from various grades of malnutrition. Girls were more malnourished than boys. Pale conjunctiva (63.3%) and pale and flat nails were found in majority of the subjects. About 40% children were mildly anaemic, 24.59% moderately anaemic and 2.5% were severely anaemic. Diet survey revealed that cereal and milk intake tubers, other vegetables, fats and green leafy vegetables was low. Significant increases in the Hb levels of subjects interviewed with 100 g till laddoo and 100 g guava was found.

EFFECT OF ALMOND CONSUMPTION ON THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL OF FEMALE NIDDM SUBJECTS

Research Scholor: Parul Choudhary

Major Advisor: Dr. Saroj Kothari

Effect of almond consumption on blood glucose levels of 20 non-insulin dependent diabetic women in age group of 40-60 years was studied. Blood glucose levels were assessed for 15 days (pre test) and one month (post test) every week. Intervention was done with almonds (10g) with and without seed cost for a month and its effect on blood glucose level of the subjects was seen. Results revealed that before intervention the mean fasting blood glucose level was 152.7 mg/ dl 126.05 mg.dl after one month of intervention. The mean post prendial blood glucose level before intervention was 216.5 mg/dl and was 171.7 mg/dl after the end of one month. It can be conducted that almond with and without seed coat both had a beneficial role in reducing blood glucose levels of subjects.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF CVD AMONG POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN OF UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholor: Khushboo Arora

Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

One hundred and twenty post menopausal women (45-65 yrs) were studied with equal representation in 2,4,6 and 8 years duration of menopause, from Udaipur city. Results revealed that mean age of menopause was 50 years. Dietary intake revealed that intake of fat (57-64 g), calcium (469.68 mg/d) and thiamine (0.97 mg) was higher whereas energy (1374 Kcal), protein (37.4 g), fiber (9.55 g), iron (16.05 mg) and vitamin B2 (0.79 mg) was lower than RDA. Majority of the subjects (53.33%) were in low risk group and having normal BMI. Subjects in medium risk group had body weight more than desirable limit and BMI more than 24Kg/m2. Lipid fractions like total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and VLDL – C were significantly higher in medium risk group subjects. Women after 6 years of menopause were found to be at greater risk of developing CVD. Obesity, hypertension, lack of exercise, stress, family history of CVD and unhealthy dietary practices increases the risk of CVD apart from change in estrogens production.

Nutritional Status of rural elderly people reference to iron deficiency anaemia.

Research Scholor: Ms. Niharika paliwal Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs) Vibha Bhatnagar

Sixty elderly male and female were selected dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, clinical examination and haemoglobin estimation to assess the nutritional status of elderly. Diet of the people was inadequate. Intake of all nutrients except thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin A in elderly women was inadequate. Mean Hb levels showed that 57.5 percent elderly were moderately anaemic, 38.3 percent severely anaemic, and 4.16% were mildly anaemic. Prevalence of anaemia was higher in low socio-economic status people. Positive correlation was found in Hb overall nutritional status of rural elderly people was not satisfactory.

Development and quality evaluation of nutritious vegetable soup mix.

Research Scholor: Ms. Shalini Sen Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

A potato powder based soup mix was developed by using dried powder of potato, moong dal, cauliflower leaves, capsicum, onion, garlic and salt, cumin seed and citric acid. Soup mix contained protein, ash, fiber, CHO, fat, energy as 14.17 g, 6 mg, 2.08 g, 65.99 g, 3.57 g, and 353 Kcal / 100 g respectively. Iron, phosphorus and calcium contents were 10 mg, 140 mg, and 960 mg per 100 g. Cooking characteristics and acceptability of reconstituted soup was not affected during the storage period of one month. The acceptability scores of soup mix ranged from 7.3 to 7.8 on 9 point hedonic scale.

2009-10

ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS OF GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION AMONG WOMEN (20-40 YRS) RESIDING IN UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholor: Jyoti Surana Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

Malnutrition, physical activity, heredity, family history of preeclampsis, increased age, nulliparity, multiple gestation, reproductive tract surgery, infections, infertility treatment were found to be the major risk factors of gestational hypertension. Correlation of nutrients and blood pressure revealed that there was a negative correlation of protein with the diastolic blood pressure and potassium and calcium with the systolic blood pressure during pregnancy. Sodium, folic acid and Zinc were not found significantly correlated with blood pressure during gestational hypertension.

PHYSICAL FITNESS IN RELATION TO NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF URBAN AND RURAL GIRLS OF 13-15 YRS

Research Scholor: Pallavi Vyas

Major Advisor: Dr.(Mrs.) Shashi Jain

Physical fitness of girls was assessed by step up test and information on anthrometric measurements, food consumption and dietary intake was recorded. Results revealed that the urban girls were better than rural girls in terms of health status and dietary intake. Relation between physical fitness and nutritional profile was not significant. Rural girls had better fitness index than urban girls. Study suggest that fitness is more related to duration and frequency of heavy physical activities rather than good nutritional status alone.

EFFECT OF VITAMIN C TABLETS AND AMLA JUICE INTERVENTION ON LIPID PROFILE OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC WOMEN

Research Scholor: Swati Siroya

Major Advisor: Dr. Saroj Kothari

Effect of vitamin C tablets and Amla juice intervention and on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic (level>200mg per dl) women aged 40-60 yrs was assessed. Fifteen women were intervened with 500mg vitamin C was given to another group of fifteen women. Result revealed that significant difference was found only HDL levels while other lipid fractions like serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins were not affected significantly with intervention of tablet or amla juice.

DEVELOPMENT OF AVAIDS ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND ITS IMPACT ON NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE CHILDREN

Research Scholor: Divya Goswami

Major Advisor: Dr. Aarti Sankhla Audiovisual aid was developed on childhood obesity for imparting knowledge about general facts of childhood obesity , its eitiology, consumptions and dietary management. The aid was evaluated for its authenticity, vocabulary,organization, visual quality and secured and overall score of 4.7 out of 5 point. Results revealed a significant improvement in the knowledge of children after the exposure to aid.

DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF AONLA PINEAPPLE AND AONLA-SWEET LIME JUICE BLENDS

Research Scholor: Charu Kothari

Major Advisor: Dr. Vibha Bhatnagar

Aonla-pineapple (15:85) and Aonla-sweet lime (20:80) juice blends were prepared. The blends were highly acceptable, rich in vitamin content. On storage, loss of ascorbic acid at ambient refrigerated temperature. In Aonla-pineapple blend and Aonla sweet lime blend was 33.22 & 21.12 percent and 21.48 & 17.14 percent respectively. Organoleptic quality of juices also decreased on storage. The juices were found to be safe for consumption for 3 months period.

COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF HYPOGLYCAEMIC PLANT LEAVES POWDER ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS OF NIDDM WOMEN

Research Scholor: Shweta Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. Saroj Kothari

Hypoglycaemic plant leaves like Gurmar, tulsi, Neem, Fenugreek and Bael leaves powder was intervened among diabetic middle aged women (40-60 yrs). Results revealed that gurmar leaves powder was most effective among all the leaves powder followed by bael, fenugreek, neem and tulsi leaves powder, in reducing blood glucose levels of NIDDM subjects.

2010-11

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRUDED PRODUCT WITH UDAIPUR AICRP MIX (UAM) AND ITS QUALITY EVALUATION

Research Scholor: Dheera Patni

Major Advisor: Dr. Shashi Jain UAM was development using powders of carrot, lotus stem, rice flakes, Niger seeds, spinach and mint. This powder was used to prepare ready to cook extruded product with UAM and to evaluate its quality.Two products (one sweet and one savoury) were prepared. Results revealed that the products were acceptable. Nutrient content as protein 12.25, 14.87, 14.87, 15.31g fat 1.45, 5.9, 5.8, 4.0g, energy 381,481,418,410 Kcal and iron 4.58,14.19,13.12,11.68 mg /100g dm in reference, UAM 200, UAM 150 and UAM 100g respectively. These results indicate that addition of UAM improved. Nutritional quality of product, It was cost effective and has good shelf life.

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF YOUNG MEN (20-25 YRS) IN RELATION WITH DIET AND BODY COMPOSITION

Research Scholor: Nisha Soni

Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

Physical fitness of sixty college going males was assessed.Majority of subjects (36.66%) were superior in cardio respiratory endurance, 26.66% in excellent category of muscular strength, 41.06% in fair category of flexibility while majority of the subjects were in poor category of abdominal muscular endurance. It was found that muscular endurance was positively correlated with energy, CHO and protein intake.

FOOD BASED APPROACH TO MANAGE PEM AMONG CHILDREN OF 3-6 YEARS Research Scholor: Manisha Rathore

Major Advisor: Dr. Shashi Jain

Laddoo rich in energy and protein were prepared using wheat, Bengal gram flour, groundnut, til, milk powder and jiggery. Nutritional composition revealed that 100g laddoo contained 405Kcal,11.60g protein, 10.83g fat, 2 g ash and 65.11g CHO- Intervention of laddoo in the diets of malnutrition children for 60 days improved their health status.Weight of children increased significantly in all the category viz grade I, II and III of malnutrition. Study concluded that the food based approach is effective in the management of malnutrition.

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF YOUNG WOMEN (20-25 YRS) IN RELATION TO DIET AND BODY COMPOSITION

Research Scholor: Ankita Paliwal

Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

Physical fitness of young women (20-25yrs) in relation to diet and body composition was assessed on 60 women. Results revealed that majority of subjects (36.67%) were in fair category of cardio respiratory endurance, 90 percent in very poor category of muscular strength, 36.66 percent subjects needed improvement in flexibility and abdominal muscular endurance. A positive association was found between physical fitness, diet and body composition.

2011-12

DEVELOPMENT OF BETA CAROTENE COOKING OIL

Research Scholor: Aditi Upadhyay Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs) Renu Mogra

The present study was an attempt to develop and assess the quality of four different developed oil viz., unrefined oil with chopped spinach leaves, unrefined oil with churned spinach leaves, refined oil with chopped spinach leaves and refined oil with churned spinach leaves. Eight different recipes were prepared by using the experimental oils in order to assess the acceptability of the oils i.e. unrefined oil with churned spinach leaves and refined oil with churned spinach. The developed oils were stored for a period of one month and their physico-chemical properties were examined. Result revealed that treatment combination of 50g spinach leaves in 100ml oil filtered at 2 hour contained high beta carotene content with high oil extraction. All the recipes prepared by using the experimental oils scored between liked extremely and liked very much at 9 point hedonic scale. There was no significant difference (p<0.05 and p<0.01) found between the overall acceptability scores of experimental oils.Storage study indicated that there was no change found in the beta carotene content of the experimental oil with the storage period. Higher increment was recorded in unrefined oil with chopped spinach followed by unrefined oil with churned spinach, refined oil with chopped spinach and refined oil with churned spinach, respectively.

2012-13

ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AMONG MALE WORKERS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIES

Research Scholor: Ragini Ranawat

Major Advisor : Dr. Renu Mogra

CVD has evolved out as a serious health hazard and number one killer in the world with increasingly clasping men in its grasp. One hundred and fifty male workers of textile industries (20-40 years) with equal representation of workers in day shift and night shift were studied, from Bhilwara city. Result revealed that correct weight for height and normal BMI was found among 72.66 and 67.33 percent subjects. Information on nutrient intake revealed that intake of fat (27.45 g/day) was higher whereas energy (1712.49 kcal/day), protein (53.88 g/day), fiber (8.44 g/day), iron (12.16 mg/day), calcium (578.59 mg/day), phosphorus (523.16 mg/day), zinc (8.18 mg/day), beta carotene (1865.68 µg/day), thiamin (0.98 mg/day), riboflavin (1.004 mg/day), niacin (11.68 mg/day) and folic acid (94.7 µg/day) consumption was lower than RDA. Problems regarding gastro intestinal tract were comparatively more prevalent in night shift subjects whereas problems like chest pain (58.42%) and short breath (57.61%) were found more in day shift subjects. Regarding the nutritional anthropometry, higher percentage of night shift subjects (78.66%) had correct weight for height whereas a higher percentage of day workers (30.66%) had BMI more than 25 Kg/m2 and WHR in the range of 0.86-1. Nutritional intakes among the two shifts revealed that the intake of energy (1734.8 kcal/day), fat (30.5 g/day) and β carotene (1988.54 µg/day) was significantly higher in day shift subjects than night workers.

Estimations of lipid profile revealed that mean values of total cholesterol (205.7 mg/dl), triglyceride (148.62 mg/dl), LDL-C (140.59 mg/dl) and VLDL-C (29.72 mg/dl) were significantly higher in high risk group subjects whereas in low risk group these parameters were found to assume lower values. The levels of HDL-C (34.85 mg/dl) were low in medium and high risk group and high in low risk group. The risk factors such as anthropometric measurements and diet high in fat were positively associated with total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-C and LDL- C whereas negatively correlated with HDL-C. These findings lead to conclusion that various risk factors viz obesity, hypertension, stress, family history of CVD and unhealthy dietary practices increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases among male workers of textile industries.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF BOXERS

Research Scholor: Nazia Khan

Major Advisor : Dr. Vibha Bhatnagar

A study was conducted to assess the "Nutritional status and body Composition of boxers" selected from the National level competition of male Boxers, held during 9th to 16`11 Jan 2011 at Udaipur city. A total of 119 boxers were selected purposively for the study. Further, the study was carried under two study designs; first design included all 119 participants for anthropometric measurement, body composition and dietary survey during competition period. Second design was used for local (n=14) participants for pre (10 days before competition), during competition and post competition (10 days after competition). In study design I, participants were further classified into three weight categories group A= below 60 kg (n=41), B= 60 to 80 kg (n=56) and group C= 80 kg above (n=22) weight category.

Anthropometric measurements indicated that the mean height, weight & BMI of the boxers in each group A, B and C were (166.72 cm, 174.92 cm 180.39 cm) & (52.82 kg, 67.91 kg, 90.22 kg) & (22.31 kg/m2, 22.05 kg/m2, 23.06 kg/m2) respectively Waist to hip ratio of the subjects was observed 0.82, 0.84 & 0.88 respectively. Anthropometric measurements comparison between all categories revealed that they had significant difference. Body composition of the subjects (n=119)indicated that the mean per cent of body fat determined by bioelectrical impedence analysis of the subjects for different weight categories was 10.83, 11.10 and 18.49 respectively. The mean FFM was 48.28 kg, 60.32 kg and 73.32 kg in group A, B and C weight category .Mean percentage of TBW and BMR were found 67.37 per cent, 61.81per cent & 54.95 per cent and 1550.95±128.97 kcal/day, 1855.5±144.44 kcal/day and 2220±159.27 kcal/day respectively. Comparison between weight categories showed that they had significance difference in each component of body composition. Dietary inadequacy was observed in all weight categories in term of cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, roots and tubers, oil, butter, meat and egg except fruit that was more than adequate in first two weight categories and below SDA in last weight category. Nutrient intake of boxers was lower than the RDA in eachgroup. They were also consuming some special food supplements viz protein and multi vitamin & mineral supplements, coconut water, glucose water, fruit juices, energy drink, chocolates and biscuits.

Study Port- II Mean weight & BMI of local participants was found as 65.85 kg, 65.41 kg & 67.97 kg and 22.31+3.21kg/m2, 22.05 kg/m2 & 23.06 kg/m2 respectively at different phases of competition. Waist to hip ratio was 0.85 cm at PP; 0.84 cm at CP and 0.82 cm at AP. No significant difference was observed at difference phases of competition. Body composition revealed that % BF of local participants at different level of competition was 11.75, 11.53 and 13.74 respectively. FFM of local boxers was 56.27 kg at pre competition, during competition level it was 56.76 kg and after competition it was 56.91kg. Local participants had 62.99 per cent, 62.96 per cent and 62.64 per cent TBW, whereas BMR was 1775.27+262.52 kcal/day, 1769.27±213.86 kcal/day and 1774.78±257.94 kcal/day at pre, during and post competition. No significant difference in body composition at different level of competition was observed in case of local boxers. Dietary and nutrient intake of local boxers at different level of competition fluctuates; pre competition and post competition intakes had no significant differences however as compared to during competition there were significant differences found with pre and post competition level. Thus it can be concluded that there is a need to develop dietary intervention and educational programs targeted at promoting optimal nutrient and fluid intakes by these athletes to maintain performance and improve long-term health status.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND GERMINATION PROCESS OF SELECTED MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) VARIETIES

Research Scholar: Ms. Chetana Major Advisor: Dr. Vishakha Singh In this study, the purpose was to determine and compare the physico-chemical properties, nutritional quality and effect of germination on different maize (zea mays L.) genotypes. Three maize genotypes local variety Malan, composite variety Pratap makka-3 and QPM variety HQPM-1 were procured from Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Raw and germinated maize samples were analyzed and compared for physico-chemical properties, nutrient composition (proximate and mineral content) and anti- nutritional factors (phytic acid and tannin). The investigation revealed varietal differences in physico-chemical characteristics, nutritional profile and anti-nutrients. Seed size and seed volume (207.74 ml) of Malan grains was significantly (p≤0.01) highest. Thousand grain weight (249.50 g), seed density (1.25 g/ml) and swelling capacity and index (0.246 ml/seed, 1.24) was significantly higher in Pratap Makka-3 than Malan and HQPM-1 grains (239.30 and 218.68 g; 1.15 and 1.18 g/ml; 0.245 ml/seed, 1.18 and 0.225 ml/seed, 1.22 respectively). The results of proximate composition revealed that the moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and energy value was found to be significantly (p≤0.01) higher (9.25, 11.97, 4.57, 2.44, 1.91 g% and 368.42 Kcal) in HQPM-1 and least in Malan grains. HQPM-1 grains also recorded higher values for phosphorus content, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and hydration capacity and index. The effects of germination on physico-chemical properties, nutrient composition and anti- nutritional factors (phytic acid and tannin) of three maize cultivars were analyzed and compared with those of their unprocessed counterparts. The result of the study revealed that germination caused a significant increase (p≤0.01) in water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, moisture and Mg content. Conversely, a significant decrease (p≤0.01) was observed in crude fat, energy, tannin content and in the phytate content (p≤0.05). Whereas, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fibre, total ash and phosphorus content varied non-significantly as germination progressed. Thus, it can be inferred from the above results that HQPM-1 had good functional and nutritional quality than other two cultivars and can be used for product development. The results of the present study also advocate the beneficial effect of using conventional processing method germination on nutritional value of maize genotypes. It enhanced the nutritional quality and reduced the phytates and tannins present in maize grains.

DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF GERMINATED SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR) PRODUCTS Research Scholar: Ms. Shruti Agarwal

Name of the Advisor: Dr. Vishakha Singh Germination is a traditional method of processing which is known to have positive effects on the nutritional quality of grains. In this study an attempt was made to develop and assess the nutritional qualities of germinated sorghum products. For the development of products grains were germinated for 48h. Raw and processed grains were milled to obtain flours and further analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, anti-nutrients and in-vitro protein digestibility. Results revealed that moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, energy, iron and calcium were higher in germinated sample. No significant difference was recorded in carbohydrate, zinc, copper and manganese contents between raw and germinated flour. There was significant (p≤0.05) reduction in tannin and phytic acid after germination. Germinated sorghum flour (GSF) had higher in-vitro protein digestibility. The products namely; mathri, ladoo, sweet biscuits were prepared by incorporating GSF at 20, 40 and 60% level along with one control. Chaat was prepared from germinated sorghum grains. Sensory evaluation of products was done on 9 point hedonic rating scale by a panel of ten judges. Mathri containing 20%GSF, ladoo and sweet biscuits having 40% GSF were judged as the most acceptable by the panel members. These products and chaat were chosen for analyzing nutrients, anti-nutrients and in-vitro protein digestibility. Moisture content was found to be highest in chaat (8.51g) and lowest in ladoo (3.72g). Crude protein content varied from 8.71 to 14.13g per100g on dry weight basis. Ladoos were found to be having highest crude fibre and ash content. Biscuits were highest in fat and energy content i.e.23.5g and 486.9kcal, respectively. In terms of minerals, iron content was ranging from 2.68‐4.48mg, calcium 32.0‐57.2mg, zinc 1.78-3.64mg/100g on dry weight basis. Tannin was observed lowest in chaat followed by mathri , biscuits and ladoo. However, ladoo had highest phytic acid content over its counterparts. Highest percentage of in vitro protein digestibility was found in chaat (79.04%) and lowest in mathri (68.56%). Thus, it can be inferred from the above results that germination is a beneficial technique for enhancing the nutritive value of sorghum. Products developed from germinated sorghum were well accepted and this will create a pathway for increasing nutrition security to the masses. 2013-14

QUALITY EVALUATION AND PRODUCT FORMULATION OF LOCAL AND NEWER MAIZE VARIETIES

Research Scholar: Deepika

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs) Shashi Jain

The study was conducted to assess the cooking and nutrition biodiversity in newer and local varieties. For the purpose three maize varieties i.e. Local-Malan, composite-Pratap Makka 5 and hybrid-HQPM 5 were selected. All the maize varieties were evaluated for cooking quality and nutrient composition. Cooking quality was evaluated in term of hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, swelling index, oil absorption capacity and least gelation concentration. Proximate composition was analysed using standard method. Mineral iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium were analysed using atomic absorption unit. Three ready-to-eat and three ready-to- cook products were developed from each variety and their acceptability was assessed by sensory evaluation. The values for cooking quality like hydration capacity (p<0.01), hydration index (p<0.01), swelling capacity (p>0.01), swelling index (p5_0.05), oil absorption capacity (p<0.05) and least gelation concentration were found to range between 0.10 to 0.13 g/seed, 0.44 to 0.56 g/seed, 0.1 g/seeds, 0.41 to 0.46 ml/seed, 85.84 to 78.97 per cent, 20 to 24 per cent respectively. The estimated values for moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash and carbohydrates were found to be 5.71 to 7 per cent, 6.03 to 8.75 per cent, 3.85 to 5.4 per cent, 1.47 to 2.40 per cent, 1.39 to 1.71 per cent, 83.09 to 85.99 per cent respectively. Energy values ranged between 403 to 415 Kcal. Iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium contents of selected maize varieties varied between 2.71 to 3.23 mg, 0.91 to 1.34 mg, 170.55 to 184.45 mg and 47.32 to 51.44mg respectively. Biscuit, khakhra and sev were prepared under ready-to-eat and pasta, seviyan and papadi were prepared as ready-to-cook products from all three maize genotype. Products recipes showed no significant variation (p>0.05) in the mean scores of biscuit, khakhra, sev and pasta for colour, appearance, flavour, taste and overall acceptability. However, scores of seviyan for appearance, taste and overall acceptability (p<0.05) and papadi for appearance (p<0.05) and overall acceptability (Ti0.01) were significantly different. All the varieties were found to be acceptable in the form of ready to eat and ready to cook products. Malan had best acceptability for ready-to-cook and Pratap Makka 5 for ready-to-eat products. The study concluded that variety of maize affects the products quality to some extent.

ASSESSMENT OF FOOD HABITS AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF BHIL TRIBE OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN

Research Scholar: Ms. Shweta Joshi

Major Advisor: Dr.Vishakha Singh

The present study was planned with the objective to assess the food consumption pattern, food habits and food customs of Bhil tribe of Jhadol and Girwa panchayat samiti of Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. Five villages namely Peepalbara, Kyariya, Ranpura, Ajaypura and Mohini from Jhadol panchayat samiti and five villages namely Barapal, Kaya, Koriyat, Undari and Tidi from Girwa panchayat samiti were selected randomly for the study. Ten families from each village of both panchayat samities were selected making a total of 100 families. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the consumption pattern of Bhil tribe. 24 hour recall method of diet survey was carried out for one day, to assess the food and nutrient intakes of all the individuals who had partaken meals on that day. Food intake of the families was affected by seasonal variations like the consumption of maize and green vegetables was higher during the period of data collection i.e. November to February. Intake of all the food items was higher in Girwa panchayat samiti except the intake of milk and milk products. Their diet was found grossly inadequate in pulses, other vegetables, fats & oils and fruits, whereas adequacy for sugar and green leafy vegetables was found more than recommended dietary intake (RDI) in both panchayat samities. Gap between the mean intake and the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) value for nutrients like energy (1642 kcal/d in Jhadol and 1623/d kcal in Girwa), calcium (475 mg/d in Jhadol and 362.3mg/d in Girwa), iron (12.5mg/d in Jhadol and 12.9mg/d in Girwa), β-carotene (2782.4 mcg/d in Jhadol and 1612.4 mcg/d in Girwa), folate (6.29 mcg/d in Jhadol and 8.4 mcg/d in Girwa) and fat (17.2gm/d in Jhadol), was high while their diets were found secured regarding intake of protein (58g/d in Jhadol and 59g/d in Girwa), fat (23.2g/d in Girwa), carbohydrate (317g/d in Jhadol and 280g/d in Girwa), ascorbic acid (66mg/d in Jhadol and 65.1mg/d in Girwa) and zinc (9.8mg/d in Jhadol and 10.4mg/d in Girwa). Regarding food habits 100 per cent of the Bhil families were non vegetarians and follow two time meal pattern in both panchayat samities. Majority of families use sautéing method of cooking food and fermentation method is also used for preparing alcohol from mahua. Bhils are habitual drinkers especially males and they mostly prefer locally distilled alcohol prepared using mahua. Majority of Bhil families practice food preservation. During various physiological conditions their meal pattern is same as normal days and among special foods they prefer mostly home made preparations. Avoidances of certain foods like raw papaya, sour foods, maize, rice, high salt intake, chilly, chutney, black gram dhal, meat, spices, whole grain, yellow food items and alcohol were also considered by Bhil families in various physiological conditions (pregnancy, lactation, illness and fasting). Bhils were also habitual of smoking especially males and among smoking materials bidi was mostly preferred. All celebrations except Gavri and Navratri, alcohol and nonvegetarian food forms an inseparable part in both panchayat samities which are among their prestigious foods whereas beef was among restricted foods along with maize and pearl millet if purchased from outer state. When death occurs in a Bhil family, rice is gathered in Jhadol panchayat samiti whereas in Girwa wheat and money is collected for contribution in mrityu-bhoj.

Diet of Bhils were found inadequate in all nutrients except protein, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid and zinc and regarding food habits of Bhils they are developed as a part of their social and cultural heritage. Food availability, economics and personal food meanings and beliefs are the primary factors of influence.

DEVELOPMENT OF INSTANT IRON RICH WEANING FOOD MIX AND ITS QUALITY EVALUATION

Research Scholor : Meenakshi Bhatia

Major Advisor : Dr Renu Mogra

Four weaning food mixes were prepared using bajra, wheat flour sugar, milk powder. Different techniques were used to prepare nutritious food mixes like germination, roasting, popping. Mixes contained protein7.17-11.66g, fat 3.33 – 5.33g, carbohydrate 79.06-82.43g, energy 391- 406g ,iron 6.30-11.18b and vitamin C 9.21-11.7g. The mixes were acceptable and safe for consumption up to one month of storage. FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND FOOD PROCESSING PRACTICES FOLLOWED BY KATHODI TRIBE

Research Scholar: JamnaMeghwal

Major Advisor: Dr. Vishakha Singh

The present study was planned with the objective to assess the food consumption pattern and food processing practices of Kathodi tribe of Gogunda and Jhadol panchayat samiti of Udaipur district, Rajasthan. Two villages namely Ogna and Ambavi from Jhadol panchayat samiti and two villages namely Samija and Kookdakheda from Gogunda panchayat samiti were selected randomly for the study. Thirty families from each village of both panchayat samities were selected making a total of 120 families. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the consumption pattern of Kathodi tribe. 24 hour recall method of diet survey was carried out for one day to assess the food and nutrient intakes of all the individuals who had taken meals on that day. Food intake of the families was affected by seasonal variations like the consumption of maize and green vegetables was higher during the period of data collection i.e. November to February. Monthly expenditure on food stuffs were found more in Jhadol panchayat samiti. Consumption of cereals are high in Kathodi diet and maize and wheat are their staple food. Intake of pulses, roots and tubers, other vegetables, fruits and fats and oils consumption was lower than Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) in both panchayat samities. The mean intake of protein per ACU/d was 95.51 g/d in Gogunda and 82.84g/d in Jhadol, fat (43.05 g/d in Gogunda and 37.32 g/d in Jhadol), energy (2873.61 Kcal/d in Gogunda and 2475.20 Kcal/d in Jhadol), iron (30.44 mg/d in Gogunda), and zinc ( 19.15 mcg/d in Gogunda and 17mcg/d in Jhadol) was adequate whereas intake of calcium (506.67 mg/d in Gogunda and 425.34 mg/d in Jhadol), carotene (1897.47 mcg/d in Gogunda and 1628.83 mcg/d in Jhadol), ascorbic acid (35.06 mg/d in Gogunda) and folate (15.76 mcg/d in Gogunda and 13.21mcg/d in Jhadol) was lower than Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).

Kathodis use processing methods for different food items. Hundred percent Kathodis reported drying of maize in sun light and prepare dalia at home by grinding in a stone grinder. Fruits like junglikhajoor(Phoenix silvestris), aonla (Emblicaofficinalis), raw mango (Mangiferaindica), ber (Ziziphusmauritiana), mahua (Madhucaindica) are collected from forest and dried under sun for consumption in scarcity. Kathodis were using traditional processing techniques, for ripening of fruits without the use of any chemicals. Fruits like mango (Mangiferaindica), custard apple (Annonasquamosa), timaru (Diospyrosmelanoxalin) are sold or consumed after ripening. Kathodis did not cultivate vegetables but in season they gathered them from farms and sun dried for further use. Roots and tubers are major part of their diet. Modi (Purariatuberosa) is processed to clean and remove hair while jungleekanda (Dioscoreabulbosa) is detoxified before use. Pumpkin and ladies fingers are sliced and sun dried. Locally available fish is processed by sun drying, with or without salt and by roasting. Mahua liquor was also prepared by traditional processing method ofmahua flower or fruits using fermentation, distillation and condensation. Diet of Kathodis was found inadequate in most of the nutrients except protein, fat, energy, iron, and zinc. Simple and conventional food processing practices are used by Kathodis which, helps to prepare and preserve food items not just for scarcity and daily routine but also for livelihood.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DRYING EFFECT ON AONLA AND TOMATO USING NATURAL AND FORCED CONVECTION SOLAR DRYER

Research Scholar: Kusum Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs) Nikita Wadhawan

Drying is a traditional method of processing which is known to be having positive effect on the nutritional quality of fruits. In this study, an attempt was made to develop and assess the nutritional qualities of solar forced convection (FC) and natural convection (NC) dried aonla and tomato powders along with performance study of the dryers. For the development of the powders aonla was dried for 36 hours and tomato was dried for 60 hours in NC solar dryer whereas aonla was dried for 24 hours and tomato was dried for 40 hours in FC solar dryer. Results reveal that drying in FC was faster as compared to NC dryer. Processed fruits were milled to obtain flours and further analyzed for physical and nutritional characteristics. For the physical characteristics, color was analyzed using colorimeter and particle size was analyzed by sieve of 100 BCC mesh size. Color retention in FC dried powder was found to be more as compared to NC dried powder. Nutritional characteristics of the dried powders were analyzed for proximate composition, vitamin C content and mineral profile (phosphorus, calcium) along with fresh fruit on dry weight basis. Results showed that moisture content was found to be highest in NC dryer (4.98g) for aonla whereas it was highest in FC dryer (5.42g) for tomato. Crude fat, crude protein and crude fibre content were found to be highest in FC dryer (1.24g, 1.74g and 5.48g) for aonla whereas fat and fibre was found to be highest (1.58g, 5.49g) in fresh tomato on dry weight basis. Crude protein content of tomato was found to be highest (1.54g) in NC dryer. The ash content in NC dryer was found to be highest (1.95g) in fresh aonla on dry weight basis whereas in tomato it was found to be highest (1.72g) in FC solar dryer. Vitamin C content for fresh aonla (195mg) was found to be highest whereas in tomato it was found to be highest (52mg) in FC solar dried powder. In terms of minerals, phosphorus content was highest (35.60 mg) in fresh aonla whereas it was only 22 mg in FC dryer for tomato. Calcium content was found to be highest in (38.21 mg, 35.56 mg) FC dryer for both the dried powders of aonla and tomato. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in carbohydrate content in all three dried powders of aonla whereas in tomato protein content and ash content showed no significant differences in all three dried powders. The developed products were rehydrated for their value addition by adding protein rich whey powder (3%) to enrich products protein content RTS beverages, aonlapani and tomato soup were prepared and sensory evaluation of products was conducted using 9- Point Hedonic Rating Scale by a panel of 6 judges. Recipes prepared by FC solar dried powders were most acceptable by the panel members. Thus, it can be inferred from the above results that FC solar drying is a superior technique of processing and for retaining maximum nutrients. Value added products developed from the dried powders were well accepted and hence it may provide a platform to create a pathway for increasing nutrition security to the masses.

2014-15 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAMME ON NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND STATUS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS Research Scholar: Vishakha Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr.Vishakha Singh

The present study was conducted with the objective to assess impact of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge and nutritional status of adolescent girls. Pre and post-test experimental research design was used for carrying out the research. On the basis of available literature and after consultation with subject matter specialists, different aspects of nutrition were selected and a package for nutrition education programme was developed. The study was conducted in randomly selected village Mangrop of Suwana panchayat samiti of Bhilwara district, Rajasthan. One Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhayala was selected from Mangrop village purposively because these schools are residential and thus are easily approachable. Total sample consisted of 50 adolescent girls in the age range of 13-18 years. The education programme was organized for two days in a week continuously for six weeks and pre-test was done before giving the educational package and post-test was done after 15 days of the programme. The data was collected by using questionnaire technique and analyzed using frequency, per cent, mean per cent score and paired t- test. Dietary intake was collected using 24 hour recall method for one day and anthropometric data (height and weight) was also collected before and after the programme. Major findings of the study revealed that majority of respondents were from other backward caste and schedule caste, had joint family having service and business as their main family occupation. A significant difference was found in overall and aspect wise pre and post knowledge of respondents prior to nutrition education programme. All of respondents (100%) had low knowledge but after the programme majority (78%) of them shifted to high knowledge category. Regarding knowledge of food, majority of the respondents (56%) showed medium level of knowledge with 63.33 Mean Per cent Score (MPS) but after exposer of respondents their knowledge regarding these increased significantly and majority of respondents (70%) were lying in high level of knowledge category with 90 MPS. In the aspect ‘food groups’ at base line 44 per cent of respondents showed medium level of knowledge (MPS 55) but after imparting nutrition education their knowledge level was shifted to high level of knowledge (MPS 86.66). All the respondents (100%) had low level of knowledge about ‘functions of food’ aspect at baseline. However after providing nutrition education 82 per cent of respondents gave correct answer. Seventy eight per cent of respondents had low level of knowledge regarding the nutritional deficiency disease but after NEP 70 per cent of them had high knowledge level category. The knowledge of the adolescent girls was increased after nutrition education intervention and the initial and final values of knowledge test were statistically significant. Anthropometric data revealed that maximum per centage of subjects belonged to (86% at baseline and 84 % after NEP) underweight, followed by ideal BMI (14% at baseline and 16% after NEP). According to the z-score of WHO (2007), moderate malnutrition was found to be present in 30 per cent respondents at base line and after NEP it was found in 28 per cent of respondent. At base line 68 per cent of the respondents were lying in normal category, after imparting nutrition education this per cent was increased up to 72 per cent. Dietary intake of respondents showed that the mean nutrient intake of protein, energy, ascorbic acid, vitamin B12, folic acid and iron was lower than the recommended dietary allowances at both the testing. Intake of other blood forming nutrients viz., ascorbic acid and iron were found to be lower than the recommendations. The per cent adequacy of energy, protein, fat, calcium, iron, zinc, β Carotene and dietary folate were found to be lower than recommendation at both the testing. Their diet was found grossly inadequate at base line in cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, green leafy vegetables, fruits, other vegetables and fats & oils, whereas adequacy for sugar was found more than Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI). The result of the study thus conclude that NEP made a significant impact in nutritional knowledge of adolescent girls as their gain in knowledge was found high in all the aspects of nutrition. Nutrient intake and anthropometric parameters was also improved after the programme.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN RELATION TO SOCIO ECONOMIC BACKGROUND

Research Scholar: Kamla Mahajani

Major Advisor: Dr.Vibha Bhatnagar

The present study was undertaken to find out the nutritional status and physical fitness of adolescent girls in relation to socio economic background. One hundred eighty girls aged 13-15 year were purposively selected from government and public schools located in Hanumangarh city, Rajasthan. An interview schedule was developed to collect the information regarding background profile and physical activity. The nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements, dietary survey and haemoglobin estimation using standard techniques. Physical fitness was assessed by step up test, curl up test and sit and reach test.Background information of the respondents indicated that majority of girls were Hindu (68.34%) and belonged to OBC (52.77%) category and were from nuclear families (65.55%).Data on anthropometric measurement indicated that in comparison to standard height, percentage height of respondents (13-15 years) ranged from 92.42 – 99.53 and 96.69 – 100.46 for lower class and upper class respectively, while in middle class all age groups maintained their height (99.37 – 99.80). Mean percent weight was minimum in lower class (83.71 - 94.81) and maximum in upper class (96.14 - 106 .09). Data also indicated that irrespective of SES category there was decrease in percent standard weight with increase in age. Classification based on weight for age showed that girls in normal category were more from upper SES group (96.33%) than middle SES group (81.66%). No significant difference was found between SES groups and grades of malnutrition as per height /age classification but with respect to weight /age category a highly (p<0.01) significant difference was noted.

The intake of all the food stuffs i.e. cereals, pulses, milk and milk products green leafy vegetables and fruits was inadequate in the all the SES groups except that of sugar and jaggery and fats and oils and a highly significant difference was shown between the intake of food stuffs and SES groups whereas no significant difference was found in the mean intake of fats and oils among different SES groups. The intake of energy and protein was found comparatively higher in upper class, whereas intake of calcium, iron, β-carotene and vitamin C was found higher in middle class. In comparison to RDA the intake of all the nutrients was low irrespective of SES class. A Statistically ( p<0.01) significant difference was found between all SES groups with respect to nutrient intake. The mean haemoglobin level of selected respondents in lower, middle and upper class were 8.9 ± 1.29, 8.75 ± 1.32 and 9.39 ± 1.31 g/dl respectively and was lower than the normal level (≥12 g/dl) in all the three SES gr oups. Moderate, mild and severe anaemic were 67.77, 27.22 and 2.22 percent respectively and no significant association was found between SES and grades of anemia.

Results of physical fitness showed that fitness index (cardio respiratory endurance) was maximum in middle class (79.75±15.71), whereas it was more or less same in lower and upper class subjects.(73.07±15.47and 74.39±17.10) respectively. More than half of the subjects (55%) in lower class were having poor fitness and rest subjects (45%) were showing low average fitness. In the middle class category 61.66 percent were having low average fitness index whereas rest 38.33 percent subjects having poor fitness. Similar were the results for the upper class subjects. None of the subjects were among good, very good or excellent endurance capacity.

Overview of results for curl up test (muscular endurance) depicted that mean number of curl ups were lowest in upper class (39±17) and highest in middle class subjects (48±13).In lower class, number of curl ups were 48±14 which were more or less same as that of middle class. Grading of curl ups revealed that majority of the respondents (75%) were in high performance category and these were 88.3 and 51.66 percent being highest in middle class and lowest in the upper class. The flexibility of respondents assessed through the sit and reach test showed that maximum distance covered by the subjects was 31.77±1.86 cm from lower class and minimum was 30.26±1.31 cm by upper class. Classification for flexibility indicated that none of the subject had excellent and very good fitness. In the good fitness category there were 11.11 percent respondents, majority were from lower class (21.66%). Whereas in the fair category were 82.22 percent respondents and these were being highest (90 %) in upper class and lowest (75%) in lower class. Respondents in “need improvement” category were 6.66 percent.Association of physical fitness with SES groups assessed by Chi square test revealed that no significant difference was found between SES groups and cardiorespiratory endurance whereas as a significant (p<0.01) difference was showed between SES and muscular endurance and between SES and flexibility.

QUALITY EVALUATION OF WHEATGRASS POWDER AND EFFECT OF ITS SUPPLEMENTATION ON HAEMOGLOBIN STATUS OF COLLEGE GOING GIRLS (20-25 years)

Research Scholar: Sejal Chouhan

Major Advisor:Dr.(Mrs.)RenuMogra

The present research was conducted on” Quality evaluation of wheatgrass powder and effect of its supplementation on haemoglobin status of college going girls” (20-25 years). Fifty grams of whole-wheat grain were cleaned and soaked overnight. Grains were sown in a pot to grow a height of 6-8 inches grass was cut on 9th day and washed with water. Fresh grass was dried under shade for 4-5 days and ground into the powder. The process was repeated in seven trials. 350 g wheat grass was obtained and 35 g of powder obtained by shade drying. Colour of wheat grass powder was bright green and texture and flavor of wheatgrass powder was soft and acrid. Bulk density of powder was 3.16 g/ml and water absorption, swelling capacity, solubility capacity and wattability were 39.83, 7.99, 22.67 percent and 18.33 seconds. Wheat grass powder contained moisture 11.4g, protein 22.5, fat 1.9g, ash 5.2g, fiber 16.6g, carbohydrates 42.2g and energy 276.0 kcal Calcium, phosphorus iron and oxalic acid content was 186.6mg, 60.23mg, 17.6mg and 47.3 mg per 100g. Estimation of heamogloain of girls revealed that percent of girls were suffering from mild, moderate and severe anaemia (35%, 20% and 5% respectively). Thirty subjects with <12g/dl heamoglobin level and not suffering from any other disease was selected for the intervention. Information about general profile and dietary intake were collected. Results showed that 26.80 percent subjects belonging to the age of 25 years. All the subjects were literate. In which 86.68 percent were Hindu and most of the subjects (70%) were vegetarian and 53.3 percent subjects were belonging to nuclear family. Results of dietary survey revealed that the intake of food in comparison to balanced diet was lower in cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, fruits and milk and milk products. Whereas intake of fat and sugar and other vegetables was one third of balance diet. Finding of nutrient intake showed that the mean intake of energy, protein, fat, calcium, iron, β-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid and vitamin C were 1207.83 Kcal, 63.57g, 16.75g, 438.75 mg, 14.4 mg, 2250.33 µg, 0.76 mg, 0.80 mg, 8.2 mg, 110.26 g and 18.71 mg per day respectively. Data regarding hemoglobin level of the subjects before intervention showed that out of 30 selected subjects 60 percent and 40 percent subjects were mild and moderately anaemic. The intervention exhibited its efficacy significantly (p<0.05) by increasing hemoglobin level of the subjects. Results reveled that wheatgrass powder help to increase mean heamoglobin level from 10.04±1.09 to 11.02±0.93 g/dl with a period of one month. A significant increases was seen in hemoglobin level of different grades of anaemia i.e. moderate and mild anaemia. Moderate anaemic subjects were having heamoglobin 8.64± 0.35 g/dl whereas after intervention it increased to 9.47± 0.37 g/dl. A significant (p<0.05) difference was found in heamoglobin levels of moderately anaemic girls. Further, the mean heamoglobin of mild anaemic girls was 10.74±0.47 g/dl, after intervention it increased to 11.64±0.48 g/dl which was highly significant (p<0.01). It can be concluded that intervention of wheatgrass powder help in improving blood heamoglobin levels.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND FOOD EXPENDITURE PATTERN OF WOMEN BENEFICIARIES EMPLOYED IN MGNREGA

Research Scholor: Priyanshu Tripathi

Major Advisor: Dr. Nikita Wadhawan

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act aims at enhancing livelihood security and food security of rural households of the country by guaranteed wage employment. Provision of employment opportunities and income to rural women is one way to improve nutrition, health; education and social status as one third of the beneficiaries in MGNREGA are rural farm women. The present study was undertaken with the objective to assess the nutritional profile of MGNREGA women beneficiaries and to study the effect of MGNREGA on their food expenditure pattern. The study was conducted in Baran district of Rajasthan. Five villages namely Laxmipura ,Chainpura, Ratanpura,Govindpura and Khedliganj from Atru panchayat samiti were identified for the study. Twenty five women beneficiaries from each village were selected making a total of 125 women beneficiaries. Interview schedule was developed and pretested for collecting general information regarding MGNREGA and food expenditure pattern. Nutritional status of women was assessed using anthropometric measurements like weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference. The values were used to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) respectively. Dietary survey was conducted using 24 hours recall method for one day.

The results revealed that mean height, weight, BMI and WHR of the subjects was 154.6cm, 48.16 kg, 20.35kg/m2 and 0.77 respectively. The mean dietary intake of cereal, pulses, milk and milk products, root and tubers, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruit, sugar and fats and oil (visible) were (268±100.07), (36.32±22.23), (74.88±46.77), (44.4±35.72), (74.72± 46.51), (66.24±34.91), (16.32±36.17), (22.76±4.37) and (19.56±3.52) respectively by the beneficiaries. Nutrient intake calculated by using Food Composition Tables (Gopalan et al., 1989) and DBMS package was compared with Recommended Dietary Allowances (NIN, 2010). Results reveal that the intake of carbohydrates and energy was significantly lower, whereas no significant difference was found in intake protein, fat, iron calcium, zinc, beta carotene and ascorbic acid by subjects as compared to RDA. Though their dietary intake was low but the nutrient intake was nearly adequate to RDA. This reflects the positive effect of low cost qualitative food. It was reported by most of the respondents that MGNREGA helped them not only to increase their monthly income and food expenditure pattern but also in reducing debt. Mean income of the subjects was increased significantly from ` 1028 to ` 2413/- , along with increase mean expenditure on food items ranging from ` 1049.6 to ` 1596. MGNREGA has substantially improved the purchasing power leading to provision of quality food from hand to mouth. A noticeable increase in expenditure was found on cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, vegetables, edible oils, sugar and spices. Thus it can be concluded that MGNREGA scheme has positive effect on income level of women beneficiaries and improve food expenditure pattern. The change in food expenditure and dietary pattern may lead to better nutritional status of the beneficiaries on future.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF ANGANWADI WORKERS

Research Scholar: Bhawana Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs) Shashi Jain

The present research was conducted with the objective to assess nutritional knowledge of Anganwadi workers. The study was conducted in two purposively selected districts of Rajasthan i.e. Ajmer and Udaipur. Four AWTCs were included in the study. The study sample consisted of 60 AWWs. After reviewing of course content of refresher training and consultation with subject matter specialist, different aspects of nutrition were selected. Nutrition aspects included basic nutrition, nutrition for vulnerable groups and growth monitoring. Questionnaire technique was used for data collection and data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean percent scores and correlation. Nearly half of the respondents (46.67%) were belonging to the age group of 31-40 years. More than half of the AWWs (58.33%) had education qualification below 12th class. Nearly half of the AWWs (46.67%) had more than 10 years of experience in the service. All the AWWs (100%) have taken job training of - 26 working days once in their service period. Majority of AWWs (68.33%) had completed up to 2 refresher trainings only. An AWW receive refresher training with an average interval of 5.2 years. All the AWWs (100%) maintain growth chart in Anganwadi Centre. Majority of AWWs (i.e.65 %) provides health and nutrition education once in a week. All AWWs reported work load as major constraint in dissemination of nutrition messages.

The overall Nutritional knowledge of the respondents was found to be average (46.84%). The aspect wise nutritional knowledge of respondents reflects the average knowledge all three components i.e. basic nutrition with mean per cent score of 46.23, Nutrition for vulnerable groups with mean percent score of 48.40, growth monitoring with mean per cent score of 43. In —depth analysis of nutrition knowledge reveals that respondents had inadequate knowledge in different aspect such as functions of vitamin-D, rich sources of iron, iron rich recipes, diet during diarrhea, cause of high blood pressure in pregnancy and nutrient need during lactation. AWWs possess especially poor knowledge regarding micronutrient deficiency (i.e. riboflavin, niacin and cyanocobalamin). AWWs had adequate knowledge about balanced diet; rich sources of vitamin- A, C and calcium; deficiency syndrome of vitamin-A; initiation of breastfeeding; iodine deficiency disorder and diet in protein energy - malnutrition.

A significant relationship found between educational level of AWWs and their knowledge of nutrition. Nutritional knowledge score went on increasing with increasing educational level of AWWs. Knowledge score went on decreasing as the experience of AWWs in years was increasing. But no significant relationship found between the work experience of the AWWs and their knowledge about basic nutrition. Relationship between nutritional knowledge of AWW and their age was found to be significant. Knowledge score went on decreasing with increasing age of AWWs. But no significant relationship found between age of AWW and knowledge of basic nutrition possessed by them. No significant relationship was found between nutritional knowledge of AWWs and number refresher trainings completed but relationship between knowledge of AWWs about growth monitoring and number refresher trainings completed was found significant and they were negative correlated. The study concluded that knowledge of AWWs on nutrition is inadequate. Hence attention may be given to strengthen this aspect in ICDS training programme.

DEVELOPMENT OF IRON RICH FLOUR USING GARDEN CRESS SEED AND IT QUALITY EVALUATION Research Scholor : Ms Khushbu Gurjar Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Mogra

Garden cress seed has been used in the human diet since ancient time. Today, garden cress seed used as a good source of iron to prevent anaemia. The present study was conducted to develop iron rich flour incorporated with garden cress seeds and assess its physiochemical properties, sensory evaluation and shelf life (10 days). Garden cress seed flour was mixed in different ratio in two combinations viz., 80:20, 85:15 and 90:10 per cent in (WG) and 60:10:10:20, 60:12.5:12.5:15 and 60:15:15:10 per cent in (WPRG) flour, respectively to prepare 100 g of flour mix. Results revealed that out of these recipes (mathri, missi chapatti, halwa, cake and biscuit) prepared with 10, 15 and 20 per cent incorporation of garden cress seed, the sensory scores of 10 per cent contribution of garden cress seed ranged from 7-8 by 9 point hedonic scale, which indicated that the recipes fall under the category of liked moderately to liked very much.

However, incorporation of garden cress seed flour at 20 percent level was unacceptable in selected recipes. Bulk density of flours were found to be 0.69, 0.75 and 0.79 g/ml, wet ability 12.32, 20.14 and 22.82 seconds, water absorption capacity 120.10, 195.20 and 216 per cent, swelling capacity 8.30, 16.33 and 27.30g/100mg and solubility 4.30, 4.40 and 5.93 per cent found in control (wheat flour), WG flour and WPRG flour respectively. Nutritional composition of flours revealed that control contained 11.54 g moisture, 12.03 g protein, 1.76 g fat, 71.62 g carbohydrate,1.83 g crude fibre and 350.24 kcal. WG flour contained 10.89 g moisture, 13.30g protein, 3.50 g fat, 67.41 g carbohydrate, 2.34 g crude fibre and 354.33 kcal and nutritional composition revealed that WPRG flour contained 11.15 g moisture, 13.30 g protein, 3.36 g fat, 67.88 g carbohydrate,2.8 g crude fibre and 350.36 kcal. Phytic acid contents of flour were found 1.35, 7.38 and 7.53 mg/100g. microbial count of flours indicated a gradual increase in Total Viable Count (TVC) but was within the safe limit. The yeast and mould count was found nil in control, 4.10, 5.86 and 59 cfu/g in WG flour and 4.6, 7.0 and 40.16 cfu/g in WPRG flour at 0th day, 10th day and 30th day which was safe at 10th day. Peroxide value was increased during the storage of 10th day but within the permissible limit and safe for consumption. It can be inferred from the above results that the iron rich flour mix were nutritious, acceptable and safe for human consumption at least for 10 days of storage period.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF URBAN GERIATRIC POPULATION RESIDING IN OLD AGE HOMES AND WITH FAMILIES IN UDAIPUR

Research Scholor: Ms. Ankita Seth

Major Advisor: Dr. Vishakha Singh

Elderly people of age 60-80 above were selected randomly to select one hundred elderly male and female from the old age homes as well as a similar number from the families’ setups. A pre-tested interview schedule was developed to collect information regarding Socio-economic status, nutritional status by dietary survey (three days recall method), Anthropometrics measurements (height, weight, BMI, CC, MUAC, hip circumference, waist circumference and waist hip ratio) were estimated to assess nutritional status of the elderly and health profile was assessed by measuring heart rate and blood pressure. It can be concluded from the findings of research that 46.8% of NIM and 70.5% of IM belonged to Hindu religion and 54.7% of NIF and 71.4% of IF belonged to Hindu religion. Maximum number of elderly males i.e. 85.1% of NIM and 56.8% of IM belonged to general category and 62.3% of NIF and 35.7% of IF belonged to general category. About 40.42% of NIM earns through pension and source of income of IM was through savings i.e. 34.09%. About 75% of IF and 66.03% of NIF lost teeth and 74.46% of NIM and 68.18% of IM lost teeth during old age. Most common degenerative disease in NIM and IM was hypertension and in NIF and IF was osteoporosis. 74.5% of NIM and 61.36% of IM were vegetarian and 75.5% of NIF and 80.35% of IF were vegetarian.BMI calculated values denoted that 42.55 per cent of non-institutionalized males and 38.62 per cent of institutionalized males were overweight. It also denotes that about 28.30 per cent of non-institutionalized females and 26.78 per cent of institutionalized females were overweight. 85.10% of NIM and 79.54% of IM had abdominal obesity and 79.24% of NIF and 85.71% of IF had abdominal obesity.

It can be deduced from the findings of research by dietary survey that the diets of elderly males in comparison to the balanced diets was substantially inadequate in cereals 46.61% of NIM and 43.75% of IM, pulses 34.4% of NIM and 64.25% of IM, roots and tubers 3.09% in NIM and 3.97% of IM, green leafy vegetables 60.64% of NIM and 10.38% of IM and fruits 26.66% of NIM and 14.76% of IM except milk and milk products 136.54% of NIM and 77.8% of IM, sugar 81% of NIM and 65.12% of IM and fats and oils 145.9% of NIM and 99.75% of IM. It can be deduced from the findings of research by dietary survey that the diets of elderly females in comparison to the balanced diets was substantially inadequate in cereals 58.48% of NIF and 61.45% of IF, pulses 35% of NIF and 57.21% of IF, roots and tubers 11.71% of NIF and 7.27% of IF, green leafy vegetables 50.82% of NIF and 5.70% of IF and fruits 22.28% of NIF and 7.10% of IF except milk and milk products 112.93% of NIF and 62.42% of IF, sugar 116% of NIF and 73.18% of IF and fats and oils 158.95% of NIF and 109.95% of IF. A significant difference was observed in foods intake in both groups of elderly females as well as in elderly males. Nutrient intake calculated by using Food Composition Tables (Gopalan et al., 1989) was compared with Recommended Dietary Allowances (NIN, 2010). Results reveal that the intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron, zinc, β carotene, ascorbic acid and thiamin, were significantly lower in elderly males whereas no significant difference was found in intake of fat, calcium and riboflavin by male subjects as compared to RDA. Nutrient intake calculated by using Food Composition Tables (Gopalan et al., 1989) was compared with Recommended Dietary Allowances (NIN, 2010). Results reveal that the intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron, zinc, β carotene, ascorbic acid, thiamin, niacin and fat were significantly lower in elderly females whereas no significant difference was found in intake of calcium and riboflavin by female subjects as compared to RDA.

MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF RURAL SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN

Research Scholor: Ms. Geetika Sharma

Major Advisor: Dr. (Mrs.) Sarla Lakhawat

The present study was conducted with an objective to assess nutritional status of school going children and impact of nutrition education program on maternal nutritional knowledge. The study N% as conducted at village 1-lurda of 1-lurda panchayat samiti of Bhilwara district of Rajasthan. From that village four government schools were selected purposively. Total 120 regular school going children (15 girls and 15 boys from each school) of age range 7-9 year, free from any kind of developmental disability were selected for study. A self- structured interview schedule was used to collect the information. Nutritional status of the respondents was assessed by using anthropometric measurements (height and weight), clinical assessment and dietary recall method. The data obtained was analyzed using frequency, per cent, mean per cent score, z test for single mean, z test for two mean, paired t-test, correlation coefficient. It was found that majority of respondents were belonging to Hindu religion, had nuclear family and low socio- economic status. All respondents were vegetarian. The height and weight of respondents were lower than reference value. According to Waterlow classification, 44.43 percent respondents fall in the category of severely wasted and 32.20 percent in severely stunted category. As per Gomez classification and BMI for age, 60 percent and 33.30 percent respondents were undernourished respectively. Clinical assessment revealed that equal number of respondents (41.66%) had normal and poor appearance. Other clinical signs observed were, Diffused pigmentation (25%), lack of luster ( 16.66%), Pale conjunctiva (23.33%) and Cheilosis (19.16%). In respect to RDI Dietary intake of respondents was substantially inadequate (<50%) in all food groups, whereas intake of sugar was marginally adequate (83%). Intake of protein of respondents was 81 per cent of RDA. Comparison between intake of food and nutrients was also done and the results of the study indicated that there were significant differences in respect to certain food groups (pulses, fats and oils. Breen leafy vegetables and other vegetables) and nutrients ( energy, protein, riboflavin, niacin and calcium) between boys and girls. Different aspects of nutrition were selected and package for nutrition education program was do/eloped for respondent's mothers. The 5 days education program was organized in separately (3 batches) and pre, post- test was conducted. Significant difference was found in overall and aspects wise pre and post knowledge of the respondents. Prior to nutrition education program all the respondent's mothers (98%) had low knowledge but after attending the program majority (82%) of them shifted to high knowledge category. There was significant positive correlation between mother's nutritional knowledge and nutritional status of children. High degree of Positive correlation was Found between Gomez classi fication and Waterlow classification v\ ith respect to the nutritional knowledge of respondent's mothers. On the Basis of research findings it can be concluded that majority of the respondents were undernourished and their food and nutrient intake was inadequate as compared to reference values and the nutrition education program made a significant impact on nutritional knowledge of mothers as post-test knowledge was found high in all aspects.

M Sc Research Abstracts

Department of Family Resource Management College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur

STUDY AND PROBLEMS OF ORGANISED WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN UDAIPUR DISTRACT

Research Scholar: Deepa Swami Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Rekha Vyas M Sc Thesis- 1999

ABSTRACT

Women entrepreneurs in the developing world make a large and often unrecognised contribution to their countries economic development. Entrepreneurship itself is recently being recognised as a full-fledged profession and women entrepreneur is an even newer phenomenon. Thus, the present study aim to analyze various aspects related to status and problem of women entrepreneur. Thus study tries to give an insight of business profile of women entrepreneurs and the extent of assistance by difference financial institution to them for running their organization. This study will help to bring the change in the in the attitude in society toward women at work. It will also help for conducting accurate entrepreneurship development programmes which are run by the government to train and solve the problems of women entrepreneurs. Purposeful random selection was done to select thirty organised women entrepreneurs for data collection. Also different financial institutions were contacted to obtain information about the schemes being operated through them and special schemes for women.

Results show that 66.67 per cent of women were housewives, majority having nuclear families and only 53.33 per cent having technical education for starting the enterprise. The women who started their business at the age of 30-35 years were 43.33 per cent after their marriage. Mostly women were running small enterprises (33.33% of women entrepreneurs had annual income less then Rs. 50,000). Nearly ¾ of women have taken financial assistance from different organizations. Half of the respondents were purchasing raw materials from Udaipur. Maximum number of respondents were satisfied with infrastructure facilities available to them. Products are produced according to job order by 36. 67 per cent of entrepreneurs. More than half of respondents face problems in selling their products. Only 30 per cent of the respondents have trade mark / brand on their products. Half of the respondents agreed that consumer buy their products because they maintain the quality of their product. The marketing strategy adopted by 70per cent of the entrepreneurs is self selling with low price. Nearly ¾ respondents agree that they are satisfied with profit they earn. Most of the women entrepreneurs employ female rather than male employees. The major strength of women entrepreneurs was husband’s support with an overall average score of 0.36.Women entrepreneurs expressed their highest weakness in two factors i.e. lack of business background and mobility in business from one place to another with an overall average scores of 0.35. Liberal views of the family members and society with women entrepreneurs provided the opportunities to them which they ranked first with an overall average score of 0.34. Having no personal contact in business ranked as top most threat (overall average score of 0.30). Thus the main problem which are found by the women entrepreneurs are lack of business background , mobility in business from one place to another, lack of knowledge about accounting, no method of distribution of the product, no personal contact in business, difficulty in receiving money and shortage of capital in enterprise.

The survey showed that there are different government and non- government institutions in Udaipur city which provide financial help to all entrepreneurs. Few institutions also provides reservation in financial help for women. Special schemes for women entrepreneurs i.e. Self help Group schemes, Shakhty package schemes, women Sunidhi and Mahila Udyam Nidhi Scheme are Scheme which are exclusively for women entrepreneurs. Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation Limited, District Industrial Centre, Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India and Bank are different institutions which provides loan to women entrepreneurs.

ASSESSMENT OF PARENTS’ KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CONSUMER RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND GAIN IN KNOWLEDGE THROUGH DEVELOPED SLIDES

Research Scholar: Kapila Agrawal Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Suman Singh M Sc Thesis-1999

ABSTRACT

Today’s child is tomorrow’s citizen. Ensuring that children as consumers get a fair deal and are not subject to decisions that disregard their special needs, is therefore, vitally important. The health of future generation depends on what today’s children consumer as food, medicine and tonics and what goods they use. As children are vulnerable, immature and uninformed consumer, various choices are made on behalf of them by adults. Hence parents must be given knowledge about the consumer rights of children.

The present study was an attempt to develop slides on consumer rights of children and to test the effectiveness of developed aid in term of existing level of knowledge and gain in knowledge of parents. A sample of 80 parents (40 fathers and 40 mothers) were selected and to achieve the objectives. Pre and post experimental design was used. The data was analyzed statistically. The study were –

 It was found that most of the food products studied were consumer weekly by children, with taste and child’s health being the main reasons of consumption.  The developed slides were evaluated and were found suitable by the panel of judges for imparting knowledge to the masses.  It was revealed that the fathers had higher educational level and they possessed more knowledge regarding consumer rights of children than the mothers.  There was appreciable gain in knowledge regarding consumer rights of children. The maximum gain in knowledge was regarding questions related to consumption products of children.

Therefore, it indicates that a right effort of developing slides was made in the right direction at right time.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MICROBIAL STATUS OF PURIFIED WATER STORED IN DIFFERENT CONTAINERS

Research Scholar: Ratanpriya Mathur Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M Sc Thesis-1999

ABSTRACT

Water is an important ecological factor and is essential component for survival .contamination of water results in incidences of diseases such as intestinal disorders. Purification of water through different purifiers is claimed to reduce the microbial load of water which can safely be used for drinking and cooking purposes. Because of same obvious reasons water is required to be stored in households. Storage also promotes the growth of microorganisms. A study was therefore conducted in two phases. During the first phase of household survey, the required information was collected regarding the brands and types of water purifier possessed as well as common practices adopted for purifying and storing drinking water in household.

Second phase included laboratory experiment to assess the microbial status of domestic water , purified water and purified stored water for 24 hours evaluating the performance of different purifiers and to study the effects of different type of containers on storage . Domestic water mainly obtained either from municipal supply or bore well is supplied to purifier form the overhead tank. Frequency of purification and type of storage containers depends on the season. Purification reduces the incidences of diskette ashes .Among the purifiers, aquaguard performed most satisfactorily as compared to Moniba and Videocon while the zero b impart the objectionable smell of iodine in purified water. Lower coliforme and total viable count were present in municipal water supply than in bore well water. Strong of purified water in earthen pot significantly increased both the coliforms and total viable count whereas brass containers retard the growth coliforms while copper container control the total viable count more effectively .

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFERRED THROUGH EDP FOR DEVELOPING ENTERPRENEURIALCOMPETENCIES AMONG HOME SCIENCE GRADUATES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT.

Research Scholar: Radhika Devnani Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M Sc Thesis-1999

ABSTRACT

The role of entrepreneurship in economic growth has consistently been emphasized in the literature on economic development. It is even more relevant for developing countries like India where poverty and unemployment continue to persist despite planned effects to mitigate them. These problems could be handled effectively by cutinising the latent potentials –human and physical. In order to achieve this, the policy makers have been emphasizing promotion of self –employment.

Many people are aware about the concept of entrepreneurship but they lack the managerial entrepreneurial competencies. Due to this, they have not yet turned into successful entrepreneurs. Therefore, this comprehensive study on” Assessment of Knowledge Transferred through EDP for developing Entrepreneurial competencies Among Home- Science Graduates for Self-Employment”, is undertaken. The study was aimed to find out the existing level of knowledge which is determined through questionnaire.

The objective to develop entrepreneurial managerial competencies among H. Sc. graduates for self-employment is being the accomplished by conducting EDP.

The effectiveness of the conducted EDP is done through assessment in gain in knowledge, if any. Pre-test, Post-test, experimental design is used to judge the effectiveness.

The major findings of the study conclude that:

1. There are very few graduates who are self –employed. The reason being that they lack managerial competencies to run a successful entrepreneur. 2. The existing level of knowledge is found to be very low as far as the managerial competencies required becoming an entrepreneurs an run a successful enterprise. 3. The EDP was successfully carried out for a period of one week with the help of subject matter specialist and entrepreneurs and industries. 4. The EDP is found to be very effective in imparting knowledge on different topics related to managerial competencies for self –employment. The home science graduates have gained maximum knowledge through EDP. 5. Among the selected topic the maximum gain is found to be the topic “Project Identification” as their existing knowledge was very –very low. 6. On evaluation of the complete EDP Programme by participants it is evident that it has equipped the new entrant with more insight and knowledge among the selected sample to become a successful future entrepreneurs ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WEEDING ACTIVITY WITH CONVENTIONAL AND MODIFIED TOOL

Research Scholar: Vani Sharma Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Suman Singh M Sc Thesis-1999

ABSTRACT

Women in India play an important role in farm operations and as agricultural labourers participations of women is higher in operations like weeding. The weeding activity in itself is a strenuous one and the distorted posture adopted by Indian women while weeding may increase the heart rate out of proportion, and lead to irreparable damage to the body. In developing countries it is often observed that ergonomic aspects are not given due consideration in design and operation of hand tools and manually operated equipments, that results in the long and frequent rest pauses by the worker during work period. Use of ergonomic principles in design and use of hand tools and manual equipment can help in minimising the drudgery and in increasing the man machine system efficiency.

The present research was an attempt to assess the weeding activity performed by farm women on physiological parameters using conventional weeding tool using ergonomic aspects with a view to promote health and well being and consequently improving the quality of work life.

The study was conducted in the farm on 30 women workers belonging to different age groups. Experiments were conducted on selected subjects while performing weeding activity with conventional tool, which included measuring physiological workload using heart monitor, perceived exertion using Verghese 5-point scale, grip strength using grip dynamometer and postural analysis with flexicurve technique.

Conventional tool was then modified using ergonomic parameters and comparison of the activity was made while working with conventional and modified tool.

The average working heart rates observed while using conventional tool were 112.46 beats/min., 110.57 beats/min., and 111.65 beats/min. for 21-30 years, 31-40 years, and 41-50 years age group women. For self modified tool it was found to be 101.5 beats/min., 101.15 beats/min., and 101.35 beats/min. respectively for 21-30 yrs., 31-40 yrs and 41-50 yrs. age group workers. On the basis of energy expenditure, work with conventional tool was found to be ‘moderately heavy’ whereas for modified tool it was rated as ‘light’. After weeding with conventional tool change in grip strength for right hand and left hand were 6 percent and 5 percent respectively while for modified tool only 3 percent change in grip strength for right hand and 2 percent for left hand was observed after performing the activity. Working postures of women deviated 1o to 3o at cervical region and 1o to 2o at lumbar region for modified tool, whereas for conventional tool angle of deviation was 3o to 6o at cervical and 9o to 11o at lumbar region. It can be concluded that working is more comfortable and easier with ergonomically modified tool rather than conventional tool. The average working heart rate reduced while working with modified tool resulting in less expenditure of energy. Slight change in grip strength of hand i.e. 2-3% was determined. The posture also improved while working with modified tool as the deviation of spinal curve from that of normal reduced.

PHYSICAL HEALTH AND MUSCULO-SKELETAL PROBLEMS OF RURAL WOMEN EMPLOYED IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS

Research Scholar: Anita Choudhary Major Advisor: Mrs. Rekha Vyas M Sc Thesis-2000

ABSTRACT

Rural women in India do work for 14-16 hours a day. The major problems faced by women are musculo-skeletal problems, which are caused by incorrect posture adopted by women while doing occupational activities for very long duration. Musculo-skeletal problems if not treated become serious and results in the reduction of overall capabilities of women. A good physical health is considered to be a resource which enhances productivity and poor health is likely to decrease it. Rural women are usually unaware of these facts and unknowingly become the victim of musculo-skeletal problems.

The study was conducted in villages of Jhunjhunu district. A total of 60 women performing tailoring, agriculture and carpet-weaving (20 in each category) between the age group 25-40 years were selected purposively. Interview schedule was used for collecting the data. An observation sheet was prepared for analysing postures and ‘Human Map’ was used to determine musculo-skeletal problems.

The results showed that maximum of the respondents had nuclear families having 5-8 members belonging to backward caste. Agriculture and business/service was their main occupation. Maximum of the women were illiterate and they possessed land, live-stock, household assets and electricity. The Body Mass Index (BMI) showed that majority of respondents were in the category of low normal weight. Tailoring was done almost all the year round, whereas agriculture and carpet-weaving had peak and slack periods. Active work time for tailoring and carpet-weaving was afternoon and the average time spent per day by a respondent was 4.3 hrs/day and 5.9 hrs/day respectively. Agriculture activity was done in the evening and average time spent was 6 hrs/day. Continuous sitting and bending postures were adopted in tailoring. In agriculture standing and bending posture was maintained for about 2.6 hours whereas squatting posture was adopted for about 3.5 hours in carpet-weaving. The angle of deviation of lumbar region was found to be highest in agriculture i.e. 6.6o whereas it was 3-3.5o for the other two activities. Incidence of pain in neck was highest in tailoring. In agriculture lower back ache was severe and in carpet weaving pain in neck, calf muscles and fingers was reported. The exertion perceived by respondents was moderately heavy in tailoring and carpet weaving and heavy in agriculture activity. Thus the type of occupation had an impact on the human body affecting his musculo-skeletal system.

Significant correlation was found between tailoring occupation and Body Mass Index (BMI). Recommendations such as using correct postures, rest-pauses, taking balanced diet, use of improved equipments and training were given to rural women with a view to promote their health and well being and consequently improving their quality of work life.

EVALUATION OF INDOOR CLIMATE OF RESIDENTIAL FLATS OF UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholar: Deepti Sargia Major Advisor: Mrs Rekha Vyas M Sc Thesis- 2000

ABSTRACT

A house is not merely a shelter to live in. It is what it does to our personality. The house we live in influences to a large extent our attitude towards life and society. As social and economic development progressed, common man’s aspirations soar high. He dreamt of owning a house. A good house is necessary for a person as much as wholesome food. The demand for houses is rising. There is shortage of houses. Rents have sky-rocketed. Good houses in good localities are rare. The existing dwellings are getting overcrowded. Huge bungalows of the old are being replaced by multi-storeyed flats, many of them put together in small areas.

The present study aims at evaluating the indoor climate of residential flats and for knowing the level of satisfaction among the flat dwellers regarding different aspects of housing. This study would help the policy planners, architects and various housing corporations to build an appropriate dwelling place in multi-storeyed flats and solving the problems of flat dwellers in a better manner.

Random selection was done in different localities to select thirty flats for data collection. Questionnaire was prepared and experiments were conducted for gathering the data. The indoor climate of flats was evaluated in terms of temperature, light intensity and air pollution. Results show that flats in 1-3 km distance from the city centre had higher temperatures than those in 3-5 km and beyond 5 km. Among the different rooms dining room had highest difference in air temperature from the recommended temperature and the difference ranged between 9 to 11oC. Carbon monoxide and methane gas were absent in all the flats surveyed. Ammonia and nitrous oxide were more prevalent in flats at distance of 3-5 km and beyond 5 km.

Average illuminance of the rooms was higher in morning than in evening although none of the flats were able to meet the recommendations for light intensity in totality. Kitchens had lowest degree of illuminance with maximum difference of approximately 267 lux than the recommended value. Flats having east orientation received maximum sunlight in morning and flats in west and south directions received maximum sunlight in evening. Light intensity and air temperature were not affected by the position of the flat and plantation outside the building. Flats in centre had more pollution than those in corner position. Indoor plantation reduced the air pollution in flats to certain extent. Flats on the fourth floor received maximum sunlight and had highest air temperature as compared to flats on other storeys. Concentration of ammonia and nitrous oxide was maximum at the second floor and third floor respectively. About 80 percent of the respondents used light coloured furnishings in their house. Flats with light coloured furnishing had highest level of illumination. Air temperature was not affected by the furnishing colour.

Two-third of the flat-owners were satisfied with the constructional features whereas only one- third of them were partly dissatisfied ad made renovations. Majority of the respondents were contented with the parking facility and water supply. Most of the flat dwellers were dissatisfied with the space provided in flats for different activities. The flat dwellers had problem of common recreational facilities and lack of space for garden. Most of the respondents had no problem regarding electrical facilities, plumbing facilities, privacy and safety in the flats.

It can be concluded that in spite of a few problems faced by the residents, majority of the respondents were feeling satisfied with the living conditions in the flats. This shows a positive trend for development and willingness to live in the multi-storeyed building.

A TREATISE ON THE DECORATIVE STONE (MARBLE) USED IN HOUSEHOLDS OF UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholar: Kalpna Bhati Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M Sc Thesis-2000

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to collect all the authentic information about the different aspects of white marble such as aesthetical, economical, technical and care and maintenance, as it is the regional decorative stone of Udaipur. The study was carried out in to three phases.

During first phase, two market surveys were conducted. The first survey was conducted in sukher industrial area to gather information on different type of white marble available in the market of Udaipur city second survey was conducted at the showrooms of marble articles to collect information on different areas of households where white marble can be used. During the phase second, laboratory tests were performed to collect technical information about white marble. The third phase comprised of the development of guidelines for the customers on the basis of collected information for the wise selection of marble.

During the investigation, sixteen varieties of white marble were explored among which morwad was the most popular variety. White marble generally available in unpolished form because it is polished after being laid and fixed before purchasing marble. The customer should shop around the field to compare the rates. Availability and quality of marble. The customer should make purchasing of marble according to his budget and should always purchase from a well reputed mines owner as material of the same mine has lesser variations. The customer should always bargain withes dealer to reduce the cost before transportation, insurance of material should be done to recover any loss if occurs during transportation. Daily cleaning of marble is enough to keep it in a good condition. Light (wax) polishing after every two to three months and mirror polish after every ten years can be done to enhance the beauty and life of white marble.

Customer must have some technical knowledge about the marble, so that he can use the marble at various places according to its chemical and physical properties. By performing the laboratory tests, it was found that nijharana marble provides higher reflectance after mirror polish while adanga was having the least reflectance after mirror polish while adanga was highest while andhi pista and indo white were found to be the softest among other varieties of marble. Andhi pista was the water absorption was higher in indo white and least was in umti. It was also found that aids destroy marble so they should not be used as cleaning agents for marble surfaces.

ERGONOMIC DESIGNING OF AN AREA FOR WASHING CLOTHES

Research Scholar: Namrata Arora Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2000

ABSTRACT

The task of washing clothes is inevitable, but heavy. With changing times, various advancements have taken place in reduction of strain by means of modified equipments and supply the most ignored part of the team to accomplish the laundry task, are the workplace. Hence, the study was undertaken to design the wash area with ergonomic recommendations, to fulfil the requirements of the three dimensions of worker- work, worker and workplace.

The wash area was designed on the basis of ergonomic recommendations and principles. The various aspects taken into account were functionality, floor size, and placement of work centres, ventilation (light and air), plumbing features, storage and safety. The ergonomically designed wash area was standardised for a particular height range with performers of different heights for hand washing. The suitability of the wash area was then tested for its efficacy with 30 performers on the basis of physiological workload, postural analysis and perceived exertion. The amount of light (natural and artificial) and temperature were recorded.

The findings of the study showed that the energy consumption was much lesser in the performance of work in ergonomically designed wash area. Perceived exertion as assessed by pain in different body parts was also very less as compared to that in the washing of clothes while sitting in traditional wash area. Postural analysis indicated that the spinal angles deviate very less if washing is done in standing position as compared with the corresponding readings in sitting position while working in the traditional wash area.

STANDARDIZATION OF STRESS ASSESSMENT SCALE FOR URBAN WORKING WOMEN

Research Scholar: Raksha Sharma Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2000

ABSTRACT

Women, for century, have been treated as a temporary member in the family and has a secondary status I society. On the other hand, at times, she is treated as a super human who has no right to behave like an ordinary human being. This differential treatment to women always perplexes her and forces her to react abnormally, and a wrong image of women is thus caste in the mind of people.

Today, the educated urban woman has come out of the four walls of her house and has entered into the work force. Now she has to perform dual responsibilities of household chores and the outside work. She is now overburdened, both mentally and physically, and is thus subjected to more stress in day-to-day living, besides lifetime stresses. The solution to her problem could be that she be trained or taught management skills, helpful for her household and outside work. But, for that there is a need to understand the problem, and to quantify it to have an idea of the gravity of the problem. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop and standardize a stress-management scale. The objectives of this study were to standardize the stress-assessment scale for urban working-women, for assessing, stress in day-to-day living, and to prepare a guidance, manual, for application of stress assessment scale. The scale was standardized by Lickert’s Summated Rating method. A stress assessment tool was developed by listing 75 stress symptoms from literature, with responses in five degrees. Its five degrees were- Always, Mostly, Sometimes, Rarely and never. The 75 statements were grouped into five areas- Spiritual, Social, Mental, Emotional and Physical. The tool was distributed among 65 selected samples of semi-professional working women- group, and responses were sought for the above-stated, five degrees. The data were taken according to the weight age given to those degrees. The t-values for each of the 75 statements were calculated and six statements with larger t-values were selected from each of the five areas. A scale of 30 statements was prepared. In this, 15 statements were favorable and 15 statements were unfavorable. Then, this scale was administrated on 135 subjects, in which, 45 were senior teachers, 45 were nurses and 45 were supervisory- staff in banks. The reliability and validity of scale were calculated. Reliability of scale was found to be 67% and intrinsic validity of scale was found 32% at 0.01 level of significance. Content validity was also found, and it generated 100% agreement among experts. The guidance manual as also prepared for proper application of scale. The stress computation was done by the self- development scale, for 135. The highest stress reported by urban women was in spiritual area and the lowest in emotional area. Secondly, nurses felt the highest stress, and the senior teachers felt lowest stress, with supervisory-staff in banks falling in between.

SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF STRESS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN DAY TO DAY LIVING BY URBAN WOMEN

Research Scholar: Sangeeta Rathore Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2000

ABSTRACT

Life would have been much simpler if needs were immediately and automatically satisfied. It is well conceived of that problem do not come singly rather number of problems attack individual simultaneously, overlapping with each other and become reason of stress. Stress have become a common feature of modern day life. In the Indian context, women in any culture, face considerable number of stresses in their day to day life. They are performing dual roles- at home and at job. Since, most of the time she is not able to fulfill both the requirements to the fullest, conflicting situations do arise giving rise to tensions in their mind. Hence, the present study was undertaken to find out the stress management practices by panel of experts. The study was conducted in the urban Udaipur. Fifty working and the same number of non-working married women in the expanding stage of family life cycle who were above 30 years of age and literates were selected as the sample.

A fifteen members panel of experts was also selected for the scientific validation of stress management practices. The open ended questionnaire was used for collection of data from sample. The first section of questionnaire consisted of the related background information of respondents. The second section consisted of various circumstances, to know from the respondents, whether they feel ‘Stress’ or ‘No stress’ in these circumstances. The third consisted of circumstances further subdivided into 6 to 8 areas to get clearer picture of stress areas. The respondents were asked to mention the stress management practices by experts. They judged these practices as ‘Scientific’, ‘Non-scientific’, ‘Not known’ and ‘Need more Research’.

The major findings of the study were that up to ninety six per cent of working and non- working women at times did not report any type of stress at the literature reported circumstances. There were total fourteen stress management practices which were identified from the responses of the sample. All these fourteen practices were rated as scientific by experts. Among these fourteen practices, the popular practices were “try to divert attention”, “consoling oneself” and “seeking help”. The unpopular practices were “try to think positively”, “remain isolated”, “try to manage time” and “try to be patient”.

STANDARDIZATION OF SELF-DEVELOPED CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SCALE FOR COLLEGE GIRLS

Research Scholar: Sunita Dhaka Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2000

ABSTRACT

In all the societies differential treatment is given to male and female from very beginning of life. The girl child is considered inferior to the male child. She is trained to be less demanding, submissive, dependent and selfishly projected as a symbol of tolerance. She has been treated as a temporary member in the family (both the family of birth and marriage) and has a secondary status in the society. This treatment or upbringing is doing a big harm to the psychology of every female, by reducing her level of self-confidence and leaving her in a state of confusion, mental stress and in conflict. As girls face various types of conflicts in their day to day living and manage them in their own way, there is a need of assessing their conflict management strategies because they are future mothers, future wives and future home-makers and they may also enter in paid jobs.

Therefore, the present study has been designed to develop and standardize a conflict management scale so that the dent areas for training girls for better conflict management can be identified which would help her in better adjustment in present and future life. The objectives of this study were to standardize the conflict management scale for college girls and to prepare a guidance manual, for application of conflict management scale.

The scale was standardized by Lickert’s Summated Rating method. A conflict management tool was developed by listing 100 statements of conflict management from literature. The statements were then analysed for repetitions and undesirability. 80 statements were finally retained. These statements were basically of two category – concept of conflict and behaviour of individual during conflict i.e. effect of conflict on person, inter-individual conflict management practices and intra-individual conflict management practices. List of these 80 statements was given to experts. Necessary modifications were made by selecting more statements. The final list of 50 statements was then made. In the first list each statement was given weight age between 0 to 4. Responses in each statement were demanded in five degrees – always, often, sometimes, rarely and never. For item analysis, the list of 50 respondents was distributed among 50 UG students and responses were sought for the above statements in five degrees. The‘t’ values for each of the 50 statements were calculated and six statements with higher t-values in their respective categories were retained. A scale of 24 statements was prepared. In this, 12 statements were favorable and 12 statements were unfavorable. This scale was administered on 100 subjects, in which 50 were Home Science and 50 were engineering respondents. The reliability and validity of scale was calculated. Reliability of scale was found to be 97 per cent and intrinsic validity of scale was found to be 98 per cent by split half technique and by test- retest method, the reliability was found to be 79 per cent and intrinsic validity of the scale was found to be 89 per cent at 0.01 level of significance. Analysis of data was also done. No significant difference was found between behaviour and concept of Home Science and Engineering respondents. Also no difference was found between conflict management practices of respondents according to their age and resident ship. Guidance manual was also prepared for application of conflict management scale.

HOUSEHOLD ENERGY STATUS AND INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN RURAL KITCHENS

Research Scholar: Garima Nandwana Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M.Sc. Thesis-2001

ABSTRACT

Homemaker popularly known as ‘Annapurna’ in Indian culture spends maximum of her energy in kitchen activities. Kitchen in rural areas is the most neglected area of the house. A glimpse of kitchen projects the dark and sooty, ill ventilated and ill lighted conditions with limited tools or equipments available for the homemaker to work. The size of the kitchen is either too large or too small. The major problem of these types of kitchens is air pollution. More than 90 percent of the rural households in the world use solid biomass fuels like fuel wood, cow dung and agro based residues etc. In traditional kitchens inefficient cook stoves result in large scale emission of pollutants such as oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and particulate matter. These pollutants may cause respiratory infections, chronic lung diseases, lung cancer, eye irritation and reduced visibility.

The present study was conducted with the objectives to assess rural household energy consumption pattern for quantifying the fuel saved under field conditions, to carry out a comparative study on indoor air pollution during and after use of traditional chulha and improved chulha, and comparative assessment of health aspects of family members particularly housewives and children with special emphasis to smoke related diseases.

To obtain required information, 30 non-users of the improved chulha were purposively selected from the village Umarda of Kanpur panchayat under Udaipur district. Interview schedule was prepared for both the phases of the study- household survey and household experiment. Pre and post data was analysed statistically using paired t-test.

It was found that 58.24 percent of fuel was saved while using improved chulha. 1.65 hrs.were saved in meal preparation during post study as the improved chulha has more thermal efficiency i.e. 21.45 percent as compared to traditional chulha i.e. 10 percent. The

amount of four selected gases i.e. CO, NH3, NO2, and CH4 was reduced to a great extent in post study. Health analysis of the subjects showed that the family members were suffering from increased heart rate, high blood pressure, low haemoglobin level, respiratory problem and eye problem and mostly the subjects were belonging to poor health status. The use of improved chulha will surely result into better indoor and outdoor air quality in rural areas and better health status of rural population.

IMPACT OF PERCEIVED ADEQUACY OF RESOURCES ON QUALITY OF LIFE AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Research Scholar: Purva Jaggi MajorAdvisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2001

ABSTRACT

Happiness has been one of the primary goals of every human being since inception. Although, due to changes in environment, some changes can be observed in peoples’ ideologies which may vary from culture to culture. The Indian culture an ideal for so many other cultures emphasizes “the happiness through spirituality”. Due to advances in technology, the material happiness has also become an important goal for human being and this has led to the changing altitudes towards life. As a result changes have taken place in the life style of the people and the standard of living has risen considerably. Thus, the quantity, quality and variety of resources available to individuals and families has improved. People possess more resources than before but the expectations are not matching with the actual level of resources possessed. So, there is a conflict between these two situations. As a result, the perceptions about the adequacy of resources is changing and this is in someway affecting the life of people. The present study has been analysed the “impact of perceived adequacy of resources on quality of life”.

The urban nuclear families in their expanding stage of family life cycle and residing within the Udaipur city were chosen for this study. Two self developed and then standised scales on PAR and QOL were used for estimating the PAR and QOL of the sample. Then the inter relationship between these two aspects was studies and analysed. The reliability and validity of two scales was found to be very high. The reliability score was 0.973 and 0.959 for PAR and QOL scales respectively and the validity score was 0.986 and 0.978 for PAR and QOL scales respectively. Results show that in general sample did not have “Extremely Poor” and “Poor” PAR as well as QOL. Most of the sample had “Above Average” PAR and QOL. There was a significant correlation between PAR and QOL of all the categories of the sample. Therefore it is concluded that the perceived adequacy of resources had its impact on quality of life.

STUDY ON COMFORT LEVEL OF RURAL HOUSING

Research Scholar: Sangeeta Yadav Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M Sc Thesis-2001

ABSTRACT

A house is not merely a shelter to live in. it is what it does to our personality. This house we live in, influences to a large extent our attitude towards life and society. As social and economic development progresses, common man’s aspirations soar high. He dreamt of owning a house. A good house is necessary for a person as much as wholesome food. Most of our country’s population lives in villages and their housing conditions are far from satisfactory level.

The present study was a serious effort to have a first hand knowledge of the prevailing factors judging the level of comfort in rural housing and objective of the study were – to elucidate the present state of art of rural housing in the context of Udaipur region, to assess the comfort level in the rural housing, and to develop the strategies for increasing comfort level of rural housing.

To obtain required information, 45 household were selected simple random technique from the village Umada of Kanpur panchayat under Udaipur district. The tool adopted were interview and observation schedule for household survey. For thermal comfort in rural housing household experiments were carried out. A thermal comfort index and strategies for increasing comfort level of rural housing were developed. The finding of the investigation revealed that the housing is much affected due to education and economic stats of households. The finding clearly indicate that uneducated and economically weaker section of population had lower level of comfort as compare to educated household belonging to middle and upper income groups. Hardly any concept of orientation and planning of house was prevailing among rural household. They construct their house as per their requirement in segment. They generally use locally available materials like mud, clay, thatch, bamboo, etc. almost rural houses had one or two rooms and their family members were more and rooms utilization capacity was multipurpose. Due to scattered settlement, they were far from basic amenities. Such as they did not have proper lighting and ventilation, pure water supply, drainage of waste water etc.

The temperature was found to be low in kaccha houses as compared to semi- pucca and pucca, both in summer and winter. As far as relative humidity rate fall down in summer. The air flow rate and air exchange ratio was low in lower income families houses as compared to middle and upper income families house, due to lack of proper ventilation. In all the selected houses indoor air temperature was same as the room temperature.

A thermal comfort index was developed by the investigator to balance between the conditions inside and outside the human enclosure so that maximum thermal comfort can be achieved few strategies were also developed for increasing the comfort level of rural housing.

Hence, it can be concluded that the rural people did not have the concept of comfort and conveniences and they were far from them, so there was a need to make them aware about comfortable living, unconventional materials and technologies of housing, so that quality of rural housing can be improved.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENTS

Research Scholar: Shanti Sudha Katni Major Advisor: Ms. Seema Dwivedi M.Sc. Thesis-2001

ABSTRACT

Today’s modern life is indispensible without household equipment, which saves one’s time and energy among the fast paced society and with the advancement of technology many more equipment flooded the market competes better, responds more quickly, performs complex simultaneous functions. But these are more sensitive, sophisticated and required skilled knowledge to operate and many of them are costly too. Hence, this highlights the need of proper management of household equipment. So the present study was planned to find out the management practices for the management of household equipment. Major objectives were to find out: Different managerial practices followed in relation to the equipment available in the homes, to explore relevant information on various household equipment available in the market and to develop educational booklet on management of household equipment. The findings of the study were: The majority of respondents (70%) needed guidance bureau and research cell in order to get information regarding how to identify equipment possessed by them or while purchasing equipment is it original or duplicated and for better products respectively. There was a significant difference at 5% level for factors affecting purchase, use, care and maintenance practices and safety followed by homemakers with their occupation and there was a significant difference at 1% level for overall managerial practices followed by homemaker with their occupation. No significant difference was found for need assessment. Further the probing into mean scores revealed that businesswomen were having upper hand when compared to other homemakers (Housewives and Government service women). Most of the businesswomen had good knowledge regarding equipment, as they were owners of equipment shops. Although the homemakers were well-educated and belonged to higher monthly family income group, but none of them possessed sound knowledge regarding equipment. This showed that there is a need for special education about management of equipment to homemakers. The results also emphasized that only 56.66% equipment were provided with instructional manual and that too having brand names and standard marks and many of the dealers were not interested to explain to the customers due to their busy schedule, lack of specific knowledge especially regarding basic and insulating materials, finishes used for equipment and also claimed that neither customers were interested to ask them the details nor they felt the need to explain. It was observed that most of the dealers promote equipment or brand for which they got maximum profit margin. Results clearly indicated that there was a need for education of homemakers regarding management of household equipment. So a booklet was developed for this purpose. On evaluation it was found that developed booklet ranged between good to excellent.

AN ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE FOR FEMALE AGRICULTURAL WORKERS

Research Scholar: Arpita Jain Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2002

ABSTRACT

India is mainly an agricultural country, having farming as one of the largest occupation. Rural women play an important role for building up the village economy and are at serious risks of ill health and accidents because of the conditions they encounter in their work places.

Thus, the initiative through present research is intended to describe features and risk factors of hazards to female agricultural workers and apply these findings towards prevention of the same among workers and their families. The present study was an attempt to develop an educational package on health hazards in agriculture and to test the effectiveness of developed aid in terms of existing level of knowledge and gain in knowledge of female agricultural workers.

For the present study four villages of Udaipur district were purposively selected. A sample of 100 female workers practicing agriculture from the last five years was randomly selected for assessment of occupational health hazards and physical fitness. A sub-sample of 30 female workers was further purposively drawn for exposure to the educational package for pre and post testing of knowledge gained regarding occupational hazards in agriculture.

The findings of the study revealed that respondents experience several health hazards like vision impairment, problems related with eyes (burning, pain, irritation), skin allergies (rashes, itching), respiratory problems, asthma, food poisoning, nausea, vomiting, postural defects, hazards due to poisonous animals (snake, insect bite), hazards due to improper tools used etc. Most of these hazards were prevented and controlled by using local treatment like ghee, oil, milk, cream, mehandi, etc.

“Cardio respiratory fitness” data reveals that 39 percent respondents were in the category of low average and about 16 percent were in the poor fitness category. The “Step Stool Test” was perceived as heavy by majority of the respondents while just 20 percent of them rated it as moderately heavy. Data from the “Discomfort Score” reveals that majority of the respondents perceived various agricultural activities as moderate to severe on the five-point scale. Regarding “Nutritional Status” of the respondents, data revealed that majority of them lie in the range from low weight normal to chronic energy deficiency grade III severe. There was appreciable gain in knowledge regarding various health hazards, causes, preventive/remedial measures through developed video C.D. Therefore, it indicates that a right effort of developing a video C.D. was made in the rigjht direction at the right time.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PROEFFICIENCY AND STRESS IN MANAGERS OF MANUFACTURING UNITS OF KOTA (RAJ.)

Research Scholar: Madhu Chauhan MajorAdvisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2002

ABSTRACT

Changing advancement in science and technology has brought tremendous change in the life style of people. Leading to more conflicts & higher stress. Conflicting and stressful situation at work place disturbs the mental peace. Weakens a person psychologically and create complexities in social and familial relationship.A better understanding of conflict and conflicting situations improves in individual and proefficiency of managing conflict. While high conflicts may lead to stress high conflict management proefficiency (CMP) may reduce the stresses considerably.

The present study has therefore analyzed the “conflict management proefficiency (CMP) and stress in managers of manufacturing unit of kota (raj.)”. two already standarised scales on conflict management and stress assessment were used for estimating the CMP and stress of the sample for establishing relationship between the two correlation coefficient was computed.

Result show that on an average the managers had ‘above average’ CMP and ‘low stress’. There was a significant negative correlation between CMP and stress of all categories of the sample. Therefore it is concluded that since the CMP and stress were negatively correlated. The increase or decrease of either of the factor will have an impact on quality, quantity of work and productivity of work.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF CONVENTIONAL AND ECO-FRIENDLY REFRIGERATOR

Research Scholar: Indu Kararia Major Advisor: Ms. Seema Dwivedi MSc Thesis-2003

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to compare the techno-economic feasibility of conventional and eco- friendly refrigerator in terms of quality of food, COP-coefficient of performance of system. The study was carried out in two phases. First phase include a market and household survey and second phase experiments.In the first phase a market survey was conducted to study different makes of conventional and eco-friendly refrigerator, their costs and availability in Udaipur city and household survey was carried out in order to determine the information regarding the conventional and eco-friendly refrigerator, factors leading to their purchase and problems confronted by owners of conventional and eco-friendly refrigerator with regard to their handling, care and maintenance.Experiments were conducted to find quality of food, coefficient of performance and performance of the system. There food item namely kheer, custard and salad were selected. The samples were than evaluated for their organoleptic appeal. Appropriate statistical analysis design was used to determine the significant difference between conventional and eco-fridge. The salient findings of the study are:

1. Market survey results revealed that conventional and eco-fridge were not available in all the shops, dealing with electric appliance in different market of Udaipur city. Initial cost of eco- fridge was much higher and lack of knowledge about importance of eco-refrigerator, caused it to be least preferred by the consumers, as expressed by dealers. 2. The conventional and eco-fridges were purchased by majority of the families who expressed the real need of it. However, there was also a definite impact of friends and neighbours upon the consumer, which was credited as being influential in the purchase of equipments. New additional features of the eco-fridge were another factor leading to its purchase by the consumer. Further probe revealed that the consumer do not buy eco-fridge because it was environmental friendly but because it was a new model in the market and it was good at looking. 3. There was a significant difference in quality of food kept in both the refrigerator significant difference was analyzed at 5 and 1 percent level of significance. Study also revealed that eco-friendly refrigerator is better in terms of COP attended during no load and full load condition.

It is concluded from results that eco-fridge is more efficient and economical appliance than conventional refrigerator.

INFORMATION EMPOWERMENT OF CONSUMERS IN RURAL AREAS ON TPDS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION

Research Scholar: Pooja Sharma Major Advisor: M Sc Thesis-2003

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present investigation were to study the existing knowledge of rural consumers on TPDS and consumer protection, development of education package on the basis of existing knowledge status and study the impact of developed package in information Empowerment of rural consumer in term of knowledge gain and retention.The study was conducted at purposively selected villages of Udaipur district authorities, was selected interview technique and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and MPS.According to the identified educational need, script for the educational package i.e. VCD was prepared, shot and edited and the ready film was delivered, to 30 consumers from initial sample. Data were collected just after exposure to the film and after 15 days of exposure to assess the impact of package in term of gain and retention of knowledge. Data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, MPS and paired‘t’ test. The major findings of the study were as under.

1. Majority of respondents were from age group of 25 - 40 years, of low educational level, and were agricultural labourers.

2. Most of the respondents belonged to joint families than to nuclear family, with majority of respondents having more than 5 members with very low family income.

3. Majority of respondents possessed poor knowledge with low MPS on TPDS and consumer protection.

4. An educational package was developed for information empowerment of rural consumer. The impact of package was assessed in term of gain and retention of knowledge.

5. Knowledge gain and retention after information Empowerment:-

Before exposure to the film overall knowledge of respondents was found poor in all the components i.e. TPDS, weight and measure, Labelling and Standardization and CPA – 1986 with MPS ranging between 17.52 to 25.5 percent. After exposure to the education package majority of respondents belonged to average knowledge category in all the components. Further MPS also increased. Gain in knowledge was found to be average.With the time gap of 15days majority of respondents shifted to poor knowledge on weight and measures. There was decline in MPS leading to poor knowledge retention.In overall knowledge gain and had retention on TPDS and consumer protection, respondents belonged to poor knowledge category and had very low MPS except knowledge on weights and measures. Overall knowledge gain and retention were 14.16 and 12.04 percent respectively. Knowledge gain and retention was found significant at 1 percent level of significance on TPDS and consumer protection.

SCALE DEVELOPMENT FOR ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS AMONG FARM WOMEN

Research Scholar: SushmaSinwal Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Suman Singh M Sc Thesis-2003

ABSTRACT

According to definition of the World Health Organisation,

“Health is the state of physical and mental well being”.

India is mainly an agricultural country having farming as one of the largest occupation. Agriculture accounts for 32% of the Net National Product (NNP). From the standpoint of capital investment and man power employed, agriculture may be termed as ‘Big Business’. Agriculture work is often carried out on a family basis involving the worker’s whole family.

In the past, India had to import most of its food, but green revolution in India has led to increased agricultural productivity by using improved farming techniques. It is a paradox that the agricultural workers, whose labours feed others in the country, are the most deprived group in the country. Their living conditions are well known. These conditions include physical labour that is often strenuous and deforming with earnings for below poverty levels. Despite such conditions of the agricultural workers they tend to be omitted from the occupational safety and health regulations which are accessible to other workers employed in industries, mines etc.

As farm women face various types of health hazards in their day to day work and manage them in their own way, there is a need of assessing their level of health hazards because they are our food producers. Therefore, the present study has been designed to develop and standardize a scale to assess occupational health hazards of women farmers, so that the dent areas for training, education and safety system can be identified which would help them to improve their health and efficiency.

The scale was standardized by Likerts Summated Rating Method. A scale was developed by listing 90 statements of occupational health hazards from literature. The statements were then analysed for repetition and undesirability, 74 statements were finally retained. Necessary modifications were made by selecting more statements. The final list of 40 statements was then made. In the final list each statement was given weightage between 0 to 4 scores. Response in each statement was demanded in five degrees viz. Strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree.

A scale of 30 statements was prepared. In this 15 statements were favourable and 15 were unfavourable. This scale was administered on 100 subjects. The reliability and validity of scale was calculated. Reliability of the scale was found to be 93% by split-half technique and 88% by test-retest method and validity was found to be 96% by split half and 93 % by test- retest method at 0.01 level of significance.

Analysis of data was also done. Most of the women were in category of ‘High’ incidence of hazards. Such a high score was because women kept on working and taking pains until and unless they can’t work for more time. They either keep on neglecting the hazards or start taking some home remedies to cut down the medication cost.

Guidance manual was also prepared for application of the scale.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEPLANTS ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS IN THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Research Scholar: Bhawna Asnani Major Advisor: Ms Seema Dwivedi M Sc Thesis-2004

ABSTRACT

Flora is the nature’s most precious gift to man. In ancient times, regard and love for flora was so great that this kindred relationship was extended even to houseplants. Man is destroying and ravaging that greenery, which is so essential for mental, physical and moral health and spiritual sublimation of man. Nature has been unable to keep pace with and compensate for the huge loss, which is being continuously inflicted by exploitation of vegetation and greenery by urban people.

The objectives of the present investigation were to collect information on the varieties of common houseplants available in the Udaipur city, to standardize the utilization of houseplants and study their impact on indoor environmental status in various areas of the residences and to develop the guidelines on “houseplants and their role in improving the environmental status”.

The study was conducted in three phases. In phase I, information on varieties of houseplants available in Udaipur city was collected through survey of various nurseries within Udaipur city. In phase II, Indoor Air Quality in the selected rooms, i.e., drawing rooms and dining/living rooms of the 10 west facing residential buildings along with the National Highway- 8 in polluted zone, was analyzed through its physical, chemical and other characteristics. Four varieties of foliage and succulent plants were kept in one, two or four suitable corners with four different habits, viz., Opened and Closed windows and in ON and OFF mode. To find out the existing IES, all the experiments were done without any houseplants on day 1 in selected rooms. The houseplants were kept on day 2 to judge the impact of houseplants on IES again houseplants were removed on day 3 to know the retention of impact of houseplants on air quality. On the basis of collected information on the varieties of common houseplants available in Udaipur city, results of experiments and literature available, the guidelines on “houseplants and their role in improving the environmental status” were developed in phase III.

Data were analyzed through coding, tabulation, Arithmetic mean, Standard Deviation, Analysis of Variance and Paired-t test. The major findings of the study were as under:

1. In phase I, the data collected was arranged in the form of inventory which comprised of the five categories of plants, viz. Foliage plants, Flowering plants, Creepers, Cacti and Succulents and Ornamental trees available in nurseries of Udaipur and information related to common names, botanical names, price range per plant and type/season in which they survive. There were 152 varieties of plants of various seasons with the price ranging from Rs. 10/- to Rs.1500/-. 2. In phase II, results of experiments are as follows: Among the houseplants selected, it was found that both the selected plants were efficient in improving the physical (room temperature, RH, air flow rate, SPM), chemical (oxygen, carbon dioxide) and other characteristics (sound level) of the air quality. Outcome of the results state that- a) The succulent plants are advisable in the following conditions: • To reduce the greater Room temperatures, • To absorb the higher Suspended Particulate Matter, • To decrease greater Carbon dioxide level, and • To accoust the Sound disturbances. b) On the other hand, the foliage plants are advisable in the following conditions: • To regulate the required level of relative humidity, • To maintain required Air flow rate, • To enhance the concentration of Oxygen in indoor air. 3. The developed guidelines are a comprehensive resource material to acquire knowledge on the various aspects to grow, maintain and utilize the houseplants as per their requirement in homes to improve the IES.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND STRESSES OF RURAL WOMEN OF SRI GANGANAGAR DISTRICT

Research Scholar: Priyanka Goyal Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2004

ABSTRACT

Human being since ages have searched and tried to use various ways to improve their QOL. The QOL may be judged by how much one enjoys life. It is meaningful to evaluate QOL in terms of elements like health, shelter, religiousness, education, social relations, self actualization, emotional conditions, marriage, freedom intelligence, harmonious family relations, originality, boldness, pride etc. Environmental demands, colossal changes, and individual’s own cognitive and affective domains are responsible for quality of stress in her. Literature shows that the women in spite of all odds are more competent in managing their stresses, as they are aware of and equipped with stress coping strategies and power of adapting to changes. The level of QOL has a big role to play in deciding the level of stress in the individuals.

The present study was therefore taken up to analyze the “quality of life and stresses of rural women” Two already standardized scales on QOL and stress assessment was used for estimating the QOL and stress of the sample for establishing relationship between the two. Results show that the rural women of nuclear and joint families had ‘above average’ QOL whereas nuclear families had ‘medium stress’ and joint families had ‘low stress’. There was no significant difference between stress level of rural women of nuclear and joint families.

There was a significant negative correlation between QOL and stress of rural women at 0.01 level of significance in both the types of families. Therefore it can be concluded that since the QOl and stress were negatively correlated, the improvement in QOL will help an individual in reducing her stress to a great level, on the other hand poor QOL will lead to more stresses in her.

ASSESSMENT OF VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL (VDT) WORLSTATION DESIGN OF SELECTED ORGANIZATIONSAND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH OF USERS

Research Scholar: Jyoti Wadhwa Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Suman Singh M Sc Thesis-2005

ABSTRACT

Computer has become a familiar and much talked about technology these days. Today, no aspect like business, leisure, health, education etc. had been left untouched by the computer revolution. Workers spend more time on computers and there has been an increased frequency of ergonomic injuries and illness in the work place. Hence the present study was undertaken with the following objectives:- (i) To assess the workstation design of VDT in selected organizations as per principles of ergonomics related to human and machine interface. (ii) To take feedback of computer workers on health problems related to VDT workstation design. (iii) To suggest ergonomic guidelines for efficient workstation layout for VDT users. A sample of 30 computer operators was selected purposively from private and public sector organization, involved in data entry work. To achieve the planned objectives the present study was divided into three phases: Phase I- A checklist was used to assess the computer workstation design for VDT users. Phase II- Health Assessment Checklist. Phase III- Overall and Localized Body Discomfort using psycho-physical scale given by Corlett and Bishop, 1976.

Assessment of computer workstation design revealed that 36.6 percent of VDT workers used chairs with low seat height which was not proper. Chairs with adjustable seat height were used only by one half of the VDT users. The distance from acromion to edge of desk was in average range and 56.7 percent of the users were having pull out extra leaf for keeping keyboard while only 13.3 percent respondents were using the extra leaf for keeping the mouse. It was revealed that none of the respondents kept the screen straight ahead which is the most appropriate position. Maximum number of respondents did not use antiglare screen. Only one third of the respondents were using mouse while working on computer. The workplace of the VDT users elicited that in 43.3 percent workstations there was glare and reflection of light falling on computer screens. A majority of the respondents changed trunk, arm and overall work posture 2-5 times in every 15 minutes which clearly reflected discomfort of the worker while working on computer. A vast majority of respondents reported that they suffered from shoulder pain, headache, eyestrain, back pain and felt discomfort during computer work. It was elicited that 80 percent of workstations where VDT users worked fell in ‘Average’ category and none was in either ‘Very Good’ or ‘Poor’ categories. Findings regarding Assessment of Body Discomfort revealed that after 4 hour of work 540 percent of the workers felt ‘Moderate’ discomfort while 10 percent expressed feeling of ‘Severe’ discomfort. Assessment of Localized Body Discomfort elicited that the respondents felt discomfort in right shoulder, in eyes and pain in neck. Body discomfort is attributed to incorrect placement of screen, mouse and improper dimensions of chair, and desk and long hours of continuous work on computers. Certain ergonomic guidelines for efficient design of VDT workstation were suggested by the investigator so that health and efficiency of VDT workers could be enhanced.

A STUDY ON INDIGENOUS PRACTICES RELATED TO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AMONG TRIBALS OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT ( RAJ.)

Research Scholar: Gagan Deep Sharma Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Suman Singh M Sc Thesis- 2005

ABSTRACT

The study was undertaken with an objective to explore the indigenous practices related bio- diversity conservation followed by tribal people. It was conducted in four tribal dominating villages of ‘Jhadol’ block of Udaipur district of Rajasthan stat. sample of the study was comprised of 60 married men and women above 40 year of age. Interview schedule was used to collect data from the tribal respondents. Moreover scientific validation of gathered indigenous practices from respondents was done by review of literature and with expert’s opinion by using questionnaire method.

Major finding: Majority of the responded were in expanding stage of family life cycle. Two thirty of the responded were illiterate. All of the responded were having agriculture as main occupation. Only less than half of the respondent was involved in subsidiary occupation like agriculture construction labourers. Scientific indigenous practices are: 1. Mahwah, bamboo, mango, khajoor, khakhara and dhawara trees have importance for the tribal’s due to their (tree) economic benefit it provide fruits and oil. Used construction work, agriculture implements, household articles, for fodder and fuel purpose and also have medicinal value. 2. Some trees have medicinal value for the tribal’s such as neem, for reducing swelling and for skin disease khakhra for curing the diarrhea, papal for curing the typhoid, mahuwa as a blood purifying , babool to cure teeth disease , sores in mouth and tulsi to cure cough, cold headache . Unscientific indigenous practices are: 1. Tribal’s kill wild animal like – snake due to fear and scorpion due to its nature of sting. 2. Cow is considered sacred animal. Tribal’s consider cow as useful and life supporting animal for them. Myth of indigenous practices are: As per the expert opinion and literature practices are stated as myth which help in conservation the flora and fauna. 1) Tribals are score of taking shelter under pipal and bargad tree due to fear of the ghost and hag. 2) Establishment of devra under mango, belptra and pipal. The reason behind this is god become happy and to make the place ghost free. 3) Tribal’s consider mango and pipal auspicious tree due to their belief that they give prosperity and happiness whereas they consider ber and bahera are inauspicious tree because these trees do not give prosperity and are unholy/ unlucky trees. 4) They worship mango and mahuwa trees at the occasion of marriage to ensure stable married life and peace and prosperity after marriage. 5) Mahwah and mango plant given as dowry to ensure good economic condition of newly married couple. 6) They neither consume meat nor kill animals at the occasion of gawri. 7) They use different animals for medicinal purpose such as pigeon’s blood for curing paralysis, hare’s blood for curing cough and typhoid, tortoise’s ash for tortoise’s disease, peacock’s legs earache and snake’s slough for reducing swelling but no experts and review of literature supported these indigenous practices as scientific.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND RURAL KITCHEN

Research Scholar: Garima Jain Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M.Sc. Thesis-2005 ABSTRACT

A house is not merely a shelter to live in. it is what it does to our personality .the house we live influences to a large extent to our attitude towards life and society .a good house is necessary for a person as much as wholesome food . Most of our country s population lives in villages and their housing conditions are far from satisfactory level. rural who spend considerable amount of time in kitchen every day prepare meals for the family, while the food prepared by them, is enjoyed by the family members, little sympathy from anyone concerned would be paid to understand the human effort of the home maker that goes into the kitchen work in rural areas . The need to renovate or plan a convenient kitchen in contrast to the generally seen sooty, in ventilated, dark and cramped kitchen is often neglected and not appreciated in development planning. Hence, the study was undertaken with following objectives: 1 To categorize house profile according to socio-economic condition for developing of energy – efficient and environmentally sound rural kitchen .2- designing and developing the exiting identified rural kitchen in to energy efficient and environmentally sound enclosures through :a) commissioning devices and b) organizing work center:3- to judge the technical feasibility of developed kitchen . to achieve the planned objective the present study was divided into four phases . 1. House hold observation. phase 2. Household experiments for pretesting phase 3. Commissioning of dices and reorganization of work center phase 4. Household experiment for post testing . a sample size of 30 rural household was selected formulated socio – economic house profile through houses and 10 houses of each category were selected purposively to formulated house profile . after conducting pre test for decided parameter energy efficiency and environmentally sound device such as transparent sheet for sky light, window, improved cook stove and cleaning center with proper drainage facility and reorganization of work centers was done which was followed by post to judge the technical feasibility of developed kitchens. Paired t test was used to analyze the date. It was evident from the results of household observation that condition of rural houses and kitchens specially kuchcha kitchens , was in very miserable condition They are very dark , ill ventilated, smoky, humid ,ill lighted and unorganized. The more as compared to traditional Chulha and it was also found to be successful in reducing fuel and time compaction of work .Reorganization of work centers was successfully reduce the energy expenditure and time consumption of the home maker but in kuchcha kitchen the reduction in time consumption was non-significant. Highly significant difference was observed in‘t’ value for four selected gases i.e.CO ,NH3, NO2 and CH4 in terms of amount in pre and post study, as the presence of selected gases was reduced to a considerable extent. Similarly, significant difference were found in intensity of odor, air flow rates , intensity of natural light , temperature and humidity after renovation of the selected kitchens .

IMPACT OF OFFICE ERGONOMICS ON HEALTH AND EFFICIENCY OF EMPLOYEES

Research scholar: Saroj Saini Major Advisor: Mrs Rekha Vyas M Sc Thesis-2005 ABSTRACT

Offices are locations where employees perform job related tasks over a relatively long period of time. Office environment has impact on health, comfort and productivity of employees. Ergonomics removes barriers to quality, productivity and human performance by fitting products, tasks and environments to people. In order to avoid or at least minimize the dangers of the ergonomic disorders every organization should have an ergonomic policy. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken with the following objectives:

1. To analyse the working environment of selected public and private offices in terms of air quality, lighting and noise. 2. To evaluate the appropriateness of furniture, furnishings and colours used in office interiors. 3. To assess the impact of office environment on health and efficiency of the employees.

For achieving the planned objectives, four offices (2 public and 2 private) engaged in public dealing were purposively selected. From each office 15 employees (a total of 60 employees) were selected to assess the impact of workplace and environment on health and efficiency. Observation schedule was used to collect data regarding furniture, furnishings and colours used in office interiors. Experiments were conducted to analyse environmental factors viz. indoor air quality (temperature, humidity and concentration of carbon monoxide), light and noise. To find out impact of office environment on health and efficiency of employees an assessment scale was developed by the investigator.

Results of the study revealed that carbon monoxide and humidity were within permissible limits as prescribed by World Health Organisation (WHO) where as temperature and sound level were above and light intensity was lower than the recommended levels. Furniture was found to be having all the desirable features except few in all the selected offices. Adjustable heights of tables were not found in any office. Tables of improper height were found in both the private offices and one of the public offices whereas the chairs of one of the private office were non-adjustable. Furnishings i.e. curtains on windows were found in only two offices (one from each sector). Furnishings and colours used in offices were of right kind. The assessment revealed that majority of office employees (68.33%) were having moderate health hazards. Where the ergonomic parameters were deviating more from the recommended levels, employees reported more health problems. Fatigue, headache, itching and burning of eyes, strain on eyes and neck muscles, backache and lack of concentration were the main health problems reported by the office employees. Thus, it can be concluded from the results of the study that workplace environment affects health and efficiency of the worker. Therefore, designing should be done in accordance to the ergonomic principles. The given guidelines for ergonomic workplace designing can be used by building contractors, furniture designers, policy planners and interior decorators to improve workplace environment and to care for risk factors in the offices.

IMPACT OF TRAINING OF INFORMATION EMPOWERMENT OF SHG WOMEN MEMBERS ON MICROFINANCE

Research Scholar: Savita Singh Major Advisor: Miss Seema Dwivedi M Sc Thesis-2005

ABSTRACT

Training is an important mechanism for human resource development. It is one of the important facilities to bring positive change in the behaviour of the key front line workers functioning at village level. Hence it is essential to determine whether training effort is correcting the deficiencies skills, knowledge that were assessed as a need for change.

In this context the present investigation was conducted to identify the training needs of rural women in the area of microfinance, development of information package on the basis of training needs identified and study the impact of development package in information empowerment of rural women in terms of knowledge gain, association of knowledge with selected independent variables. The study was conducted at purposively related Kolyat Panchayat Samiti of Bikaner District. An sample of 60 women from eight SHGs group were selected randomly as the initial sample to identify training needs. The data was collected though interview technique and analysis by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t test and chi-square test.

Training needs of rural women were identified and accordingly important messages were selected to develop training package the information was given in the area of microfinance and citizen charter related to bank.

The package was delivered into two groups for there days each going of 30 and 20 members respectively taken from initial sample to organized total six days residential training programmes where investigator stayed with them. Data were collected just after the training to assess the impact of package in terms of gain in knowledge. Pre and post-test experimental research design was used.

The major finding of the study was as under:  Majority of respondents were from the age group of 31-40 years , educational level was can read write only, were married , belonged to schedule Caste/ Tribe and had labour as their major family occupation.  Equal number of respondents belonged to joint family and majority of respondents belonged to more than 5 member’s family and had mixed type of house. Majority of respondent possess no land, consisting of 2-3 mulch animals and medium use of source of information.  A training package was developed for information empowerment of SHG women members. The impact of package was assessed in terms of gain in knowledge.  Knowledge gain after the information empowerment • Before exposure to the training overall knowledge of respondents was found below average in all respects of microfinance and citizen charter to bank. • After exposure to training package majority of the respondents belonged to above average category. • Knowledge gain was found highly significant at 1 percent level of significance regarding microfinance and citizen charter related bank. The age, education, sources of information, sources of income, caste, land holding, family size, social participation were non-significantly associated with their knowledge gain.

BIO-EFFICACY OF HERBAL EXTRACTS IN CONTROLLING HOUSE DUST MITES AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS Research Scholar: Kirti Khatri Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2006 ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken with the objective to examine the bio-efficacy of different herbal seed extracts namely karanja, castor and neem in controlling house dust mites. For conducting the study sixty rural kaccha houses have mud flooring were purposively selected from two villages (two blocks) of Udaipur district. The study was conducted in two phase 1 household survey was conducted to gather the information from rural households about hygiene and sanitary practices, which leads to the occurrence of house dust mites. An interview cum observation schedule was developed. The information was collected about the household cleaning pattern, storage and daily cleaning activities of the house like sweeping, dusting, mopping and other activities which may lead to dust accumulation and creates favorable environment for the growth of house dust mites. Moreover, the most effective three seed extracts karanja, castor and neem were further applied in mud flooring of rural household on 1st, 15th and 28th days of herbal seeds extract application and dust mite mortality rate was recorded.

Majority of the respondents have unhygienic and insanitary conditions in their houses and they were totally ignorant about these unhygienic conditions which were the main cause of the various types of health problems like asthma, itching, wheezing, watery eyes, couging, headache and many other allergic diseases which they were facing. Illiteracy, ignorance, unawareness and lack of exposure to mass media were the main cause of these health problems of the respondents. The laboratory testing of herbal seed extracts showed karanja, castor and neem as the most effective seeds extracts in controlling house dust mites. The percentage mortality rate of dust mites was highest in karanja seed extract. These seeds extracts are locally available, cost- effective and eco-friendly hence they should be popularized among rural masses which will enhance their quality of life.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS

Research Scholar: Neelima Sinwal Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2006

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to examine the management, economic aspects and quality of harvested rainwater from the flat and kellu rooftops in rural areas of Udaipur district. Sixty rooftop rainwater harvesting system was selected, 30 each having flat rooftop rainwater harvesting system and kellu rooftop rainwater harvesting system.

The study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase household survey was conducted to collect the required information regarding the management, handling practices, conditions of the system’s components and economic aspects of the harvesting system. It was revealed that majority of the kellu rooftop rainwater harvesting system respondents faced the problems related to the solid material, cloudiness, taste, colour and odour. This was due to the vegetation overhanging the catchments area and cistern, open and broken pipes, unavailability of filters, use of buckets for water withdrawal etc. Second phase included laboratory experiments to assess the chemical and microbiological status of harvested rainwater. It was conducted to identify the presence of pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, hardness, total and faecal coliform bacteria in harvested rainwater for the purposes of potable and non-potable uses. Samples of rainwater were collected in sterilized bottles from thirty randomly selected residences, fifteen each with flat and kellu rofs. The data was analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution and the quality of harvested rainwater was compared with the standards as suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

The results of the study indicated that the flat rooftop rainwater harvesting system was well managed. The harvested water from both types of the systems was within the permissible limits as suggested by WHO and BIS for the chemical quality. Majority of the rainwater samples tested for the presence of the faecal coliforms from flat rooftop rainwater harvesting system fall in low risk category (1-10 FCs/100ml) and two third of kellu rooftop rainwater harvesting system samples were in medium risk category (11-100 FCs/ 100 ml) of WHO. The results of total coliform bacteria did not match the standards of WHO and BIS according to which the limit is 0 MPN/100ml and made harvested rainwater of non potable status as per WHO and BIS standards. The sources of the contamination were mainly the method of water withdrawal that used buckets and the underground position of the cistern. There was significant difference in the unit cost of rainwater which was found to be lesser in case of flat rooftop rainwater harvesting system due to higher rainwater harvesting potential.

KNOWLEDGE AND CREATIVITY OF RURAL WOMEN IN HANDLING MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS DUE TO SUSTAINED WORK Research Scholar: Nidhi Suthar Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2006

ABSTRACT

The study was undertaken with one objective to explore the knowledge of rural women about precautions, remedies and creative solutions in handling musculoskeletal problems. It was conducted in the two panchayat samities i.e. Girwa and Salumber of Udaipur district with 60 married women ranged between the age group of 20-50 years. Interview schedule was used to collect data from women and rationalization of precautions, remedies and creative solutions was done by a panel of 30 experts by using questionnaire method.

Results of the study reveal that the major areas where pain was experienced were the neck, shoulder, elbow, upper back, low back, ribs and wrist and calf muscles. It was found out that the women handle musculoskeletal problems by way of precautions, remedies and certain creative solutions. As far as traditional practices are concerned for this women reported 8 precautions through oral consumption, 5 practices for handling load, 2 for performing activities and 5 general practices. Under remedies all 16 practices were reported for massage/application and 9 for oral consumption. Finally women reported 5 creative solutions. Thus all 50 practices were reported by rural women, out of which 40 were rational. Hence it can be concluded from the results of the study that women had enough knowledge and creativity about precautions, remedies and creative solutions which were mostly rational. So it can be said that these practices should be advocated to all the suspectants of musculoskeletal problems and widely popularised.

DOMESTIC LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AMONG URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS

Research Scholar: Priti Jain Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2006

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken with the objective to examine the Domestic LPG distribution system among urban and rural households. A purposive sample of 60 urban (Udaipur city) and 60 rural (2 villages) homemakers who were having domestic LPG were selected for interview. Moreover, 14 LPG distributors available within Udaipur city were also enquired about functioning of LPG distribution system.

Majority of the respondents used traditional fuel such as agricultural and animal waste, cow dung cake, coal, kerosene, crop residue and fuel wood. In rural areas whereas in urban areas mainly LPG was used as cooking fuel. Rural folk face various types of problems in collection, processing, transportation and storage of traditional fuels as compared to urban areas. These bio fuels also cause indoor air pollution. There are various factors that affect the use of LPG like availability, accessibility, affordability, price etc. when annualized life cycle cost of different fuels/stoves were compared, LPG was found not as expensive and option as usually perceived, because the largest initial investment was compensated for by the longer life equipment and higher fuel efficiency lower environmental impact from the other alternative fuels. LPG is beneficial fuel which reduces the drudgery of rural women and reduces indoor pollution. Environmental department under the ministry of natural resource and environment should encourage the use of LPG in rural area as a sustainable development strategy

ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ADOPTED BY HOME MAKER AND MINUCIPLE COPERATIPN COUNCIL IN UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholar: Raman deep Major Advisor: Ritu Singhvi M Sc Thesis-2006

ABSTRACT

Environment is a surrounding in which an organization operates including air, water , land , natural resources , flora fauna human and their interrelation . solid waste has become a threat to environment everywhere . in this situation , an intervention on household solid waste management and environmental protection occupies up most priority.

The municipal council of the city take adequate measures for institutional strengthening through induction of professionals , decentralization of administrations , delegation of power , human resources development and private sectors participation encourage and make the services effective . The present study was undertaken with the objective to now existing practices homemakers and municipal council of Udaipur city regarding household solid waste management and develop an intervention package of programme on household solid waste management for homemakers . There for this comprehensive study on “ assessment of household solid waste management practices adopted by homemakers and municipal council of Udaipur city ” was undertaken . The assessment of existing practices and knowledge of homemakers regarding management household solid waste done through interview and observation. this gives a clean picture of existing practices of homemaker in terms of minimization of solid waste proper disposal of solid waste inside outside home and adoption of household solid waste management practices as reuse, reduce and recycling . the current practices adopted by the municipal council and other privates organization in collection and management of household solid waste done through their identification , present status in terms of operation , organization and activities . causes and factors which hinder and promote its optimal utilization were also studies . The objective to develop an intervention package of programme and its exposure it homemaker was carried out by investigator . the effectiveness of intervention package of programme judged through assessment in change of knowledge if any through the exposure aids for which pre test , post test experimental design was used.

The major findings of the study concludes that It was found that almost every area of the household generate same of other kinds of solid waste out of which kitchen was found to be the most common place where maximum waste is generated . homemakers possess very little knowledge about the management of household solid waste and hardly adopt any of the management practices . It is also being found out that municipal council of the city and private organization are what about practices working hard to execute the effective measures for the management of household solid waste in Udaipur city.

The developed intervention package of programme is found to be very effective in imparting knowledge on different aspects of household . solid waste management among selected group of homemater . The homemaker found the intervention package useful , interesting and knowledgeable and they desire such programmes in further also. From the result it is clearly evident that there is significant difference in per test and post test scores of homemakers i.e. there is highly significant gain in knowledge.

ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WORKPLACE DESIGN AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH OF TEXTILE MILL WORKERS

Research Scholar: Ritu Kukkar Major Advisor: Dr. Mrs. Suman Singh M Sc Thesis-2006

ABSTRACT

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being. Good health and safety performance of an organization ensures an accident free industrial environment. Occupational health is considered as a vital contributor and believes to be one of crucial element to the success of industries. Textile mill workers faced many health problems related to work environment and postures. Therefore special attention should be paid in designing the workplace for improving health and efficiency of the workers. Hence the present study was undertaken with the following objectives. (1) To explore work profile and working environment of textile mill workers. (2) To analyze work posture adopted by the workers. (3) To find out musculo-skeletal problems experienced by the workers. (4) To assess pulmonary ventilation capacity of mill workers. (5) To suggest ergonomically suitable guidelines for improving the workplace design and posture of textile mill workers. A sample of 120 workers was selected randomly. Postural analyses, measurement of pulmonary ventilation capacity, measurement of muscle strength was done on 40 workers (10 from each section i.ie. blow room, carding, spinning and weaving) and RULA was used to assess posture of 30 workers, 10 from each section i.e. blow room, carding, spinning and weaving section. An interview schedule and observation sheet was prepared for colleting the information related to work profile and working environment. Results of this study revealed that 50 % of the respondents fell in the category of CED grade I and low weight normal. Nearly ¼ th of the respondents were suffering from respiratory diseases, it was reported that 57 % of the respondents took medicine for relief. The data reveals that the highest angle of spine deviation was 2.8◦ at cervical region and there was not much difference in angle of deviation of spine at lumbar regions. In RULA it was observed that majority of the respondents i.e. 52 % fall under action level IV, where immediate changes were required immediately. Results also elicited that 58% of respondents encountered accidents and main cause was carelessness. Majority of respondents 83 % experienced low back pain as a result of working in standing position with frequent bending. Results also depict that there is continuous reduction in the strength with increase in number of hours of work. For majority of workers lung capacity was less than 50 % of the standard PEFR values. Results on environmental parameters revealed that outdoor was warmer than indoor. Certain ergonomic guidelines for improving the workplace and posture were suggested by the investigator. So that health and efficiency of the textile mill workers could be enhanced.

ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS FOR RURAL WOMEN OF JHUNJHUNU DISTRICT

Research Scholar: Sujata Kumari Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2006

ABSTRACT

The study was undertaken with an objective of understanding rural women entrepreneurs and to find out the entrepreneurial motivators, supporters, risks, problems and demotivators for rural women. It was conducted in the Jhunjhunu panchayat samiti of Jhunjhanu District with 60 rural women i.e. 30 entrepreneur and 30 non entrepreneur women. Interview schedule was used to collect data from women, to study their profile and entrepreneurial environment .

The results of the study indicate that there was no significant difference between the profile of EW, a deeper analysis of entrepreneurial dimensions revealed that both EW and NEW were significantly poor in technical and trade aspects as compared to managerial and social aspects of entrepreneurial dimensions. Whereas the perception of the environment by EW was significantly better and more supportive and motivating in comparison to perception of environment by NEW.

STUDY ON ALTERNATIVE ARCHITECTURE IN THE HOUSES OF UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholar: Mitali Sahuwala Major Advisor: Miss Seema Dwivedi M Sc Thesis-2007

ABSTRACT

Most people spend most of their time indoors. A healthy building and balanced design is therefore part of health plan. It is essential for human being to set out is search of the learned wise persons who can guide in selecting a site of appropriate choice and in construction of the house. In this contract, it is essential to know the proper auspicious time and principles of constructing the house. The proposed study is a humble effort to have a first hand knowledge of alternative architecture in Udaipur city. The study was planned with following specific objective: to assess the application of alternative architecture namely vastu & solar in the selected houses of the city; to study comfort & convenience of the inmates by the use of vastu & solar architecture concepts; to compare techno economical feasibility of alternative architecture and to suggest strategies for comfortable indoor environment of building based on vastu and solar architecture. To obtain required information, 52 household were selected by snowball technique under Udaipur city. The tools adopted were interview for vastu and solar consultants and interview and observation schedule for house hold survey. Experiments were carried out to measure thermal comfort in selected 8 houses in different solar direction. Case studies were also conducted in same 8 houses.

The major finding of the investigation was that housing is very much affected by awareness and interest factor related to good housing of its inhabitants. Those respondents who had high awareness were careful in the selection of site. Mainly “friends & relatives” were sources of information about the concept of alternative architecture. Majority of respondents were satisfied with alternative architecture where 65.50 per cent respondents belonged to vastu and 75 per cent respondents were from solar architecture. Techno- economic feasibility was also considered of both the system including vastu and solar architecture. Respondents of solar architecture were more satisfied as compared to vastu respondents in the context of techno- economic feasibility. Experiment was conducted to measure the following parameters in selected eight houses viz: relative humidity, temperature and airflow rate. Results show that relative humidity and temperature were high in vastu category as compared to solar architecture and airflow rate is approximately same in both categories. Hence, it is concluded that the solar architecture respondents had more comfort & convenience in the context of thermal comfort as compared to vastu respondent. Some strategies were also drowning for increasing comfortable indoor environment of building based on alternative architecture. Appropriate blend of technologies of alternative architecture viz: vastu & solar architecture should be used for improving physical, mantel and social well- being of the inmates.

TREATISE ON VARIABLE INCLINATION TYPE DOMESTIC SOLAR DRYER FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLE DRYING Research Scholar: Poorva Bhargava Major Advisor: Ms. Seema Dwivedi M Sc Thesis-2007

Abstract: The domestic solar dryer is one of a promising option for drying various products on a large scale as well as on domestic level. Earlier models of solar dryer were less efficient. The present study is intended to test the efficiency of variable inclination type domestic solar water dryer. Hence, the study was undertaken with the following objectives: (1) to assess performance of solar dryer for fruits and vegetables drying (2) To evaluate economic feasibility of solar dryer as compared to conventional drying. To achive the objectives performance of dryer was tested on no load and full load condition with fruits and vegetables named mango, tomato and garlic. As well as economic viability was tested on three parameters namely payback period, net present value and cost benefit ration. To judge the performance of the dryer, moisture removal rate in dryer as compare to open sun drying was statistically analyzed by applying t-test. It was evident from the result of performance analysis that moisture removal rate in dryer was significantly faster than open drying. In organoleptic testing dried products were overall acceptable. Desired payback period as well as cost benefit ratio is more than one. Similarly net present value of total cost is more than initial cost the project in economically viable.

INFORMATION EMPOWERMENT OF FRM FAMILY REGARDING ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Research Scholar: Poonam Sukhwal Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc thesis-2007

ABSTRACT The destruction of the environment in the present era is reaching unprecedented heights fuelled by runaway of global economic system. IT threatens to harm the planet’ s ecosystem irreversibly.

A deterioration of ambient environment hurts the poor more than rich. Thus, there is a need to empower people to the level that they can right fully lead healthier lives. To achieve this objective a samples of 30 male and 30 female farmers was selected. Besides this physical sample of air, water and soil from the area were collected and feedback from industrials was also gathered. Based on the conclusion of the survey an IEP was developed and experiments were conducted to test its efficacy on 30 farmers.

Results of the study indicated that the villagers are facing problems in the areas of house hold activities, agriculture and animal care activities, resulting into health problems. The physical sample analysis indicates that are traces of fluoride in air while, the feedback from villagers indicated problems related to pollutants and industrial survey indicates that the industries are functioning according to norms. The ignorance of RTI on the part of villagers was making them weak. In the present study an effort to create knowledge about the environmental hazard and RTI was made. The package developed for the purpose was found to be significantly effective in creating environmental awareness among farm families.

Hence, it can be concluded that a regular survey of farm families to be conducted to remind them of their environmental problems and its impact on their living. A time to time analysis of air, water and soil will help to indicate the intensity of the problem. Further, frequent industrial auditing will develop a RTI will empower the villagers in taking care of of their environment.

EFFICIENCY OF STAINLESS STEEL AS COOKING UTENSIL MATERIAL FOR SOLAR COOKING Research Scholar: Ranju Bala Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2007 Abstract The study was undertaken with the objective to test the suitability of stainless steel utensil and to identify the suitable black cladding for stainless steel to maximize solar heat absorption in solar cooking. Efficiency of stainless steel was tested by conducting experiments on cooking time and heat retention time and comparing stainless steel with traditionally used aluminum container in solar cooking.

The results of the study indicate that solar cooking can be done in stainless steel container with some extra time. Stainless steel took merely 4-17 minutes extra in comparison to aluminum. Result of testing the suitable black cladding revealed that stainless steel container but the black cladding increased the efficiency of the cooking container. However, the Rexene was found to be the most efficient in comparison to other finish viz. the paint and the fabric.

ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN SCHOOLS

Research Scholar: Sharwari Piyal Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Rekha Vyas M Sc Thesis-2007

ABSTRACT

School is the place where values are passed on, technical solution originates and the world of tomorrow is shaped. Nearly half of the working day of a child is spent in school. School environment greatly affects the morale, health and physical safety of the children. Ergonomics maximize safety and comfort for enhanced efficiency and improved capabilities by fitting the environment to people. In order to avoid or at least minimize the dangers of the ergonomic disorder every organization should have an ergonomic policy. Hence the present investigation’s main objectives were to assess the physical environment of selected government and private schools on ergonomic parameters, to study parental and student’s satisfaction regarding physical environment and safety in schools and to develop an instructional manual for developing awareness among school authorities for ensuring amicable physical environment and safety in schools.

For achieving the planned objectives, four schools (2 government and 2 private) were selected randomly. From each school 15 students (a total of 60 students) and their parents (a total of 60 parents) were selected as sample to find their satisfaction level regarding physical environment and safety in schools. Observation schedule was used to collect data regarding infrastructure features and classroom features of the schools. Experiments were conducted in classrooms to assess the ergonomic parameters viz. temperature and humidity, light and noise, needed to make environment comfortable for children as well as teachers. Observation reveals that in both the type of schools building structure was good but cleanliness and toilet facilities were poor. Drinking water facilities was very poor in government schools whereas it was average in private schools. In all the selected schools size of class room was less than recommended size and the number of windows was less than 1/10th of the floor area which is recommended for good light and ventilation. The other building features were good or average and needed improvement. Experiments revealed that humidity was within permissible limits whereas temperature and sound levels were above and light intensity was lower than the recommended levels. The parents and children were satisfied with most of the building and classroom parameters except that in government schools less number of fans in classroom, toilet cleanliness and noise dissatisfied them and in private schools the parents and children were not satisfied with distance of school from home, size of classroom, cleanliness, drinking water and toilet facilities, playground facilities and noise in the classroom. Thus, this study will help school authorities to make physical environment more suitable comfortable and safe for their students. Also policy makers and designers will be benefitted by this research.

A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY OF DOMESTIC ENERGY SAVING LIGHTING FIXTURES

Research Scholar: Sonam Chaudhary Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M.Sc. Thesis-2007

ABSTRACT

Electricity is a form of energy, which may be defined as the ability to do work. The modern society is consuming electricity at faster rate and at the same time electricity reserve in our country is limited. This demands for proper management of electric energy consumption. The domestic sectors accounts for 30 percent of total energy consumption in the country. The only way to overcome this electric energy crisis is that we must develop proper consumption, conservation and safety habits such as using the energy efficient electrical fixtures and household gadgets. Economic use of home appliances can help in reducing electricity bills. Illuminating a house is major activity where one can conserve the electrical energy. Now–a- days there are a variety of energy efficient lighting fixtures available in the market. Hence, “A comparative study on efficient and efficacy of domestic energy saving lighting fixtures” was undertaken with the following objectives:

1. To find out the existing lighting fixtures used in the selected households. 2. To study the domestic energy saving lighting fixtures available in the market. 3. To test the efficiency and efficacy of domestic energy saving lighting fixtures.

To achieve the planned objectives the present study was divided into three phases. In the first phase 90 samples of homemakers were randomly selected for conducting the household survey. A sample of 10 shopkeepers was selected for the purpose of conducting market survey in second phase and in third phase Laboratory Experiments were carried out. In all 18 samples comprising of energy efficient lighting fixtures and conventional lighting fixtures were selected for laboratory experiments. To fulfill the objectives set for the study two interview cum observation schedule one for household survey and another for market survey were developed. A standard procedure to judge the overall luminous efficacy and efficiency of selected lighting fixtures was followed for conducting the experiments.

The major findings of the study concluded that: • Majority of the respondents (73.34%) were having knowledge about energy efficient lighting fixtures whereas only 26.66% respondents have mentioned that they do not know about energy efficient lighting fixtures. • Out of 90 homemakers 46 homemakers use energy efficient lighting fixtures namely Asian, Bajaj, Crompton, Havell’s, Oreva, Orpat, Osram, Phillips, Surya, Ultra light and Wipro which can be used in domestic sectors were available in the market of Udaipur city. Further there are 10 types of newly discovered energy efficient lighting fixtures namely LED lamp T-5 lamps, Lugano T-5 lamps, Lumini-T5, Lumini- T8 without FTL, CFL- T8 RETROFIT, Havell’s, Supra –SX, Electronic ballast T-5 FTL’s E Ballast, T-5 lamps T-8 lamps and RTU-1280 T-5 lamps RTU- 1277 T-5 lamps with higher overall luminous efficacy and efficiency, longer burning hours, higher capacity at lower prices. • On comparison between conventional and energy efficient lighting fixtures it was seen that compact fluorescent lamps were tremendously energy efficient with much higher overall luminous efficacy and efficiency. Hence, this energy efficient lighting fixtures are proved to be more economical and beneficial to the consumers and consumers are recommended to use EELF as per their choice in their homes.

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE PROGRAMME ON WOMEN

Research Scholar: Seema Garg Major Advisor: Dr. Mrs. Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2008

ABSTRACT

Poverty has remained the biggest challenge in India’s development efforts to bring about a perceptible change in the quality of life of teaming millions. Since independence government is making continuous efforts for upliftment of rural people by focussing on economic programmes- one such programme is National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP). The programme aims to generate gainful employment for unemployed by creating durable community assets and bringing improvement in the overall quality of life of rural people.

The study was undertaken with the aim to find out the economic impact of National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme on women. A purposive sample of 120 rural women who worked for 100 days in NREGP from four panchayats of Udaipur district was interviewed. Moreover, 20 NREGP functionaries from these panchayats were also interviewed to evaluate their role towards women. Findings of the study highlighted that majority of the women working in NREGP were from scheduled tribe and unskilled workers. Urban and interstate male migration was higher. The average annual income of the respondents from 100 days NREGP participation was Rs. 5803/-. Half of the respondents’ husbands decided about respondents’ participation in NREGP. Registration and job cards were issued to the respondents as per norms stipulated in NREGP. Pond, road, check dam, canal repairing and gram vatika work were performed in NREGP. One third of the participants should be women and it was provided as their right. No gender differences were made in the allotment of work. Women were provided crèche facilities at worksites. Gram sevak, surpanch and engineers were responsible for supervision of the work. Respondents liked NREGP work because the work was within 5 kms distance of their residence: work with household, agriculture and with young children; work during lean season; energy, time and cost required in transportation can be saved. It is helpful to respondents in terms of increasing their resources like material and non-material resources, food consumption, clothing, awareness, decision making and housing. According to functionaries economic benefit is the main reason for women work participation in NREGP but indirectly it leads to other benefits also such as awareness generation, capacity building, food security, health and competence etc.

Thus the most important means of achieving improvement in the status of women is to secure employment opportunities which will bring them above poverty line hence enhancing their quality of life.

PARCHASE BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMER ON BRAND LOYALTY OF SELECTED HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT

Research Scholar: Sheetal Jain Major Advisor: Miss Seema Dwivedi M Sc Thesis-2008

ABSTRACT4

The21st century call for revolution in the way we think and act in term of market, consumers, technology and production structure. As we move though century the socio –economic setting is totally different from what it was 10-20 year ago.

The present investigation was undertaken with objectives to study the brand loyalty among consumers regarding Refrigerator and washing machine. A purposive random sample of ten dealers and 60 consumers were selected from Udaipur city. Data was collected from dealers though interview schedule and questionnaire from consumers. The data was analysed by using frequency, percentage, mean, mode median, standard deviation, Post Hock test and chi square test.

The analysis of the data revealed that 40 percent of dealers had exclusive and 60 percent had general dealership. There was variation in the available brand and there lot size, percent sale, and price range of the two products. Financing scheme offered by dealers was higher in percentage for Washing machine as compared to Refrigerator among them prospects of financing scheme was bright in future. Majority of the consumers were buying identified durables on instalment basis in comparison to cash payment, 50 percent of dealers have expressed that brand is the primary decision factors and have given first rank. The dealers further said that majority of consumers demanded the availability of particular brand and 70 percent respondents reported that the location of shops influence the consumers purchase.

It was found that most common brand found of Refrigerator and Washing machine were LG, Videocon, Samsung, Maharaja, BPL, Voltas, Whirlpool and Godrej. Consumers could rely on newspapers/ periodicals magazines at first source of information for purchase decisions regarding Refrigerator and Washing machine. Majority of consumers have taken one week time to purchase and maximum of them discussed freely with family members before purchasing. 96.4 percent consumers were satisfied with the equipments performance, whereas only 82.1 percent recommended brand that they own in both the cases. Further the ‘Individual’ factors and ‘psychological’ factors have maximum impact on consumer’s decision for purchase.

AN ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PROSPRECTS OF WOMEN GARMERNT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UDAIPUR DISTRICT

Research Scholar: Shipra Arora Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2009

ABSTRACT

Entrepreneurship is regarded as one of the most crucial factor in the economic development of every region of the country. Entrepreneurship plays a very important role in generating new employment and setting up new business. The garment enterprises exist in the world of resources, opportunities and limitations, they can survive and thrive only when their environment, welcome their output. The present study work was focused on assessment of the entrepreneurial profile and entrepreneurial environment and to identify the opportunity and risks of women garment entrepreneurs in urban and finally to develop a workshop capsule for filling the gap between the set and achieved target for entrepreneurial promotion in the area. It was found out that the women were personally strong and managerial weak, they were not able to take full advantage of the environmental support due to discrimination, poor communication and poor knowledge of legal aspect. Correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between the women and her environment was very weak. The developed workshop capsule was levelled ‘excellent’ for its content adequacy, relevance, technique- suitability, and time –allocation. The significance of‘t’ values between pre and post test scores indicated that the workshop capsule was highly effective in transferring the knowledge and skills on entrepreneurship management.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF STORAGE DESIGN IN SEMI- MODULAR AND NON-MODULAR KITCHENS

Research Scholar: Arpita Nagori Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2010

ABSTRACT

The present study aims to analyses the homemakers kitchen storage furniture design of semi- modular kitchens in order to reduce their physiological cost of work. For this purpose, sixty households from two posh area of Udaipur city were selected of which each 30 were semi modular kitchen and non- modular kitchen. The study was conducted to gather information regarding respondent’s anthropometric measurement, kitchen storage and layout dimensions in terms of different zones. Apart from this respondents opinion, problems and solutions from the kitchen storage were also studied. Moreover, respondents body mass index, rated perceived exertion and muscular - skeletal problems were also measured. In the second phase, field experiments were conducted on three selected respondent to prepare standardized lunch in modular kitchen and non-modular kitchens and their physiological cost of work was calculated in terms of heart rate, intensity of pain, angle of deviation, postural change and workflow while utilizing kitchen storage.

The findings of the study succinctly revealed that semi modular kitchen were preferred more by the respondents as compared to non- modular kitchens due to its functionality, aesthetics, layout, easy accessibility, smooth workflow and environment. The specific features like zonal arrangement, multi-sectional drawers, pullouts, carousel unit, upper limb units which aided respondent to see, grasp and replace the stored items. The storage problems were found to be less in semi modular kitchens as compared to non-modular kitchens. Economically semi modular kitchen is costly affair. The physiological cost of the work was higher in non- modular kitchen in term of heart rate, intensity of pain, angle of deviation of spinal cord, postural changes and workflow rate which affects the health of the respondents. Bending posture and angle of deviation was more in non- modular kitchen which leads to backache problems among respondents. Hence, devise user – friendly and eco- friendly, cost effective kitchen storage furniture design which reduces physiological cost of homemaker’s work which will increase their productivity and enhance health.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STAR RATED ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT

Research Scholar: Pratiksha Singh Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Ritu Singhvi M Sc Thesis-2010

ABSTRACT

Every human being wants a comfortable and prestigious home to spend their life easily and smoothly. People use different electric appliances to get the work done with comfort. The modern society is consuming electricity at faster rate and at the same time electricity reserve in our country is limited. The consumption of electricity also accounts for a big chunk of monthly utility bills. This demands for proper management of electric consumption. The only way to overcome this electric energy crisis is that we must develop proper consumption, conservation and safety habits such as using the star rated energy efficient household equipments. Economic use of home appliances can help in reducing electricity bills. Each day we use electricity in countless number of ways for household activities. Now-a -days there are a variety of star rated energy efficient household equipments available in the market. But a common consumer finds it very difficult to make a wise decision to select them as per their requirements in available budget. Hence “A Comparative Study on Star Rated Energy Efficient House Hold Equipment” was undertaken with the following objectives:

1. To find out the star rated energy efficient house hold equipment available in the market of Udaipur city. 2. To evaluate the technical features of selected star rated energy efficient house hold equipment. 3. To compare the efficiency and efficacy of selected energy efficient house hold equipment.

To achieve the planned objectives, the present study was divided into two phases i.e. market survey and efficiency and efficacy field testing experiment. In the first phase 10 authorized dealers of star rated household equipments, who were ready to co-operate the researcher, for giving authentic information during market survey and in conducting the field experiments during second phase were selected. In all 30 samples of refrigerator and 60 samples of air conditioner of different brands were selected for laboratory experiments. To fulfill the objectives set for the study one interview cum observation schedule for market survey was developed. A standard procedure to judge the overall efficiency and efficacy of selected refrigerator and air-conditioner was followed for conducting the experiments.

The major findings of the study concluded that:

1. The results shown that there were 4 types of SREEHE namely, A.C., refrigerator, T.V. and geyser available in the market of Udaipur city. The brand and star rating differ in every equipment. There were 15 different well known brands namely LG, Samsung, Videocon, Godrej, Whirlpool, Electrolux, Hitachi, Haier, Voltas, Iota, Crompton Grieves, Racold, Symphany, V-Guard and Onida were available with star rating from 1-5 rating. No other star rated household equipment such as washing machine, microwave oven: iron, heater etc. were available in market of Udaipur city. 2. Majority of authorized dealers (70%) were not having knowledge of special features provided in SREEHE. They just knew that star rated equipments consume less energy than non-star rated equipment. They have also mentioned that it is difficult to sale star rated equipments to the consumer due to its initial high price. 3. As far as technical specification of each brand and star rating of selected equipment was concerned, it was observed that the technical specification of refrigerator include: Capacity (in lit), height (in mm.), type/ model, range of colours, number of stars, humidity controller, guarantee/ warrantee, cooling capacity and voltage rating (in volts). The technical specifications of each brand of refrigerator varied with model, star rating, capacity and colours. The technical specification of air conditioner include: Capacity (in tones), types and model, number of stars, compressor type, running current (A), power input (watt), air circulation (M3/min), Moisture removal , voltage rating an d fan speed. The price of the refrigerator and air conditioner primarily varied with the technical specifications and star rating. 4. The comparison of efficiency and efficacy testing experiment on different brands and star rated refrigerators have emphasized that whirlpool with 5 star rating was most efficient as it consumed least energy of 0.66KWH/day and LG with 5 star had highest efficacy in freezer as well as in food compartment with temperature reached up to - 24.1o C and 2.74o C respectively. Among star rated air-conditioners of different brands, LG 5 star rated was found to be most efficient with consumption of least energy (0.14KWH) and highest efficacy by reaching the temperature up to 15.47o C in minimum time (10.08 min.). 5. The result of statistical test applied showed a significant difference at 5% level of significance in efficiency as well as efficacy of selected star rated refrigerator and air- conditioner among selected brands with different star ratings. 6. As the star rating of the selected equipment i.e. refrigerator and air- conditioner increased the efficiency also increased as the consumption of electric energy in KWH decreased where as in case of efficacy it was not always true that the efficacy increases with increase in number of star rating.

Hence, it can be concluded that a consumer can make a wise decision on the basis of above reveals and make a better choice as per their requirements in available budget.

ASSESSMENT OF SHIFT WORK PROBLEMS FACED BY FEMALE NURSES Research Scholar: Khushboo Shukla Major Advisor: Dr(Mrs) HemuRatore M Sc Thesis-2011 ABSTRACT Shift work is a major feature of work life across a broad range of industries.Hospitals, the biggest employer in the health care field, employs more night shift workers than any other industry. It can therefore be inferred that in medical domain high percentage of workforce may be affected by the problems related to shift work. Shift work and work-related stress are important topics in the healthcare sector due to their possible negative impact on the workers’ health and safety. In terms of sleep, fatigue, health and well-being, social and domestic situation.

Hence, a study on Assessment of shift work problems faced by female nurses” was undertaken with the following objectives:1. To explore problems related to shift work faced by female nurses.2. To study the impact of shift work on female nurses in terms of sleep, fatigue, health and well-being, social and domestic situation.3. To find out the coping strategies adopted by female nurses in shift work. This study was conducted in the Maharana Bhopal Govt. Hospital at Udaipur. The sample consisted of 60 female nurses between the age group of 30 -60 years, working in flexible rotating shifts. A standardized tool i.e. the Standard Shift Work Index (SSI) by Emeritus Simon Folkardet. al (1995) was used to elicit required data from each respondent.

Changes in work schedules were particularly problematic for those with less seniority. The amount of sleep and disturbed sleep has a great impact on the shift workers the highest impact on general feeling of tiredness was amongst old group respondents with a score of (134). While the young group respondents were having its highest impact on normal amount of sleep (98).The overall scores health and well being problems and its impact was very high in young .group as compared to the old group with a total score of 1079 and 807respectively. Feeling of isolation, loneliness were also some of the effects of anxiety due to the shift work of female nurses in young age group. The respondents expressed that shift work interfered more with family related 5because of the lack of synchrony between theirs hours on job and their daily routine. The most serious impact was for those who worked evenings and night shifts because they were less able to spend time with their children small children who go to bed early. The young group engaged more with coping strategies in social life .Very few said that they spend time alone or go away from situations. From old group 32 per cent, 46 per cent, and 23 per cent of respondents said that they used their disinterment strategies ‘a little”, ‘somewhat’, ‘quite’ often respectively.

DEVELOPMENT OF PICTORIAL POSTURES STRESS INDEX TOOL

FOR FARMWOMEN Research Scholar: Divya Duggar Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Vandana Kaushik M Sc Thesis-2014

ABSTRACT The study was undertaken with objective to, indentify various postures used by farmwomen, and then to develop a pictorial posture stress Index tool consisting of variety of postures in sitting, kneeling, squatting and standing position to study different postures of farmwomen while performing the diverse activities for farmwomen. The tool was standardized on 100 farmwomen from Mavli Panchyatsamitie of Udaipur district in the age group of 18-35 years, belonging to either nuclear or joint families, majority of the women were illiterate and had no membership of any formal or non formal organization, occupied in all the three activities viz. household, agricultural and animal care work. The household, agricultural and animal care work combinable perceived as heavy and majority disliked agricultural and animal care activities. The pictorial posture stress Index tool gives a postural stress index that can compare the postural load of various body positions while performing various farm and home activities with postural stress score in normal (idle) sitting posture. Postural stress index can be calculated for two different health conditions viz. (i) farm women in normal condition and (ii) farm women suffering from musculoskeletal problems. The reliability and validity scores calculated indicate that the indices are highly reliable and valid for the purpose they were developed.

ERGONOMIC STUDY ON POSTURAL DISCOMFORT AND EXERTION PERCEIVED BY HOUSE CONSTRUCTION WORKERS Research Scholar: Kiran Bairwa Major Advisor: Rekha Vyas M Sc Thesis-2014

ABSTRACT The construction industry in India is an integral part of the nation and can be identified as one of the rapidly growing sector which gives employment to maximum of the workers after agriculture. Construction workers are the backbone of the Indian economy as they create the infrastructure necessary for industrial growth. The workers who work in construction industry perform a large variety of duties like building, repairing, mixing sand, cement, concrete, spreading concrete and other material etc. The work involves hard physical labour as the workers work under difficult conditions including hot, cold, and wet weather. The workplace, work, environment and variety of postures bring body discomfort to the workers. Ergonomics tries to come up with solution to make sure that the workers stay safe, comfortable and productive. Thus, the present study was done with the objectives to analyze various postures used by construction workers in selected manually performed construction activities, to find the musculoskeletal risks and to assess the exertion perceived by construction workers while undertaking manual construction work. The study was conducted in Udaipur city.

Samples of 60 male workers 30 skilled and 30 unskilled were purposively selected. The results of the study show that more than half i.e. 58.30 percent of respondents were in the younger age group and were able to read and write. About two third of the respondents were from schedule tribe. Majority of the respondents had nuclear and small family. More than half respondents were married. Approximately 23.33 percent of the respondents were in this occupation from last 16-20 years. The findings further show that the respondent were in the category of low weight normal and only one-forth had normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Sixty percent had mesomorph body type. Regarding VO2 max more than 60 percent of the total respondents were in the category of good to excellent. Time spent on work by the respondents was 9 hours/day with break of one hour for lunch. Continuous sitting and bending postures were adopted by the construction workers and more than half of the respondents carried load in hand. Regarding feeling of pain during and after work it was found that more than half of the respondents reported pain after work. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was used to assess risk to the workers due to work and also to analyze posture of various body parts. It was observed that the majority of respondents were at very high risk of body discomfort and change in work method and posture was immediately required. The ergonomic guideline for improving the change in work process and equipment, use of personal protective equipment was suggested by the investigator so that health and efficiency of the house construction workers could be enhanced.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER FOOTPRINT IN URBAN HOUSEHOLDS OF BIKANER CITY (RAJASTHAN)

Research Scholar: Ruchi Pareek Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2014

ABSTRACT

The present investigation aims to study homemakers’ knowledge and habits regarding water footprint and measure the water footprint of households through its consumption pattern. The study was conducted in two phases. During first phase, a household survey was conducted purposively in four areas (different directions) of Bikaner city. A sample of 30 respondents was selected from each area which comprised a total of 120 homemakers. For the study unit of inquiry was urban households and homemakers were key informers. Homemakers of these households were selected between the ages of 25-40 years. A semi structured interview schedule was used to gather relevant information regarding homemakers’ family background, knowledge and habits regarding water conservation and water consumption pattern of the homemakers’ households. Gathered information was then analysed by electronic calculator available online to calculate water footprint. In the second phase, on the basis of available data and review of literature, an educational package regarding how to reduce water footprint of urban households was developed in the form of slides and booklet.

Major findings of the study revealed that majority of homemakers were hindu (80.83 per cent), Slightly more than half of the families were joint families (50.43 per cent), Average size of the family was five members, average age of the homemaker was 33 years, 51.67 per cent of the homemakers were graduate and 69.17 per cent were house wives. Majority of the homemakers (91.67 per cent) were having average knowledge related to water footprint. Less than three fourth of the homemakers’ (70 per cent) were having average water conservation habits. Majority of households’ (81.67 per cent) water footprint was 3639.67 kL per year and half of the households’ per capita water footprint was 778.23 kL per person per year.

ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS AMONG STONE ART WORKERS

Research Scholar: Safalta Kumari Patel Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Suman Singh M Sc Thesis-2014

ABSTRACT

Health is state of complete physical, mental and social well being. Good health and safety performance of an organization ensures an accident free industrial environment. Occupational health is considered as a vital contributor and believed to be one of crucial element to the success of industries. Stone Art workers have many health problems related to work environment and postures. Therefore special attention should be paid on designing the workplace for improving health and efficiency of the workers. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the following objectives: (1) To assess occupational health risk factors of workers engaged in stone art work. a) Assess health status of workers. b) Analyze posture used by the workers. c) Musculoskeletal disorders experienced. d) Pulmonary ventilation capacity of workers. (2) To study environment parameters at workplace of the stone art workers. (3) To suggest suitable guidelines for mitigating occupational health hazards of stone art workers. The present study comprised of a sample of 30 male workers engaged in stone art industries from at least last five years. An interview schedule was used to elicit work profile, health status and working environment of workers in different sections of the stone art units viz; Designing, Tracing, Jewellery making, Calibration, Engraving, Fixing and Polishing. The work profile included information pertaining time spent, frequency of performing various activities, fatigue, load handled, duration, type of rest period and repetitive task performed by workers. Health status was assessed using BMI and Vo2 max. Body Map technique assessed musculo-skeletal problems. ART (Assessment of Repetitive Task) was used to assess occupational risk factors of the stone art workers. ART measured Frequency and repetition of movements, Force, Awkward posture of neck, back, arm, wrist and hands, as well as some additional features like breaks, durations and workplace etc.

Results of the study revealed that 50% of the respondents fell in low weight normal or chronic energy deficient category of BMI, while 50% of the respondents suffered from respiratory diseases and hypertension. Majority of respondents in which (90%) experienced neck, shoulder, wrist and knee pain as a result of working in awkward postures of squatting and bending and frequent repetitive task for long hours. The ART score for risk factors fell in the category of ‘High’ exposure level (more than 22 score) which designate ‘further investigation required urgently’, for (100%) workers in Engraving section and for (50%) in Jewellery making section while for rest of the sections the risk score were in the category of ‘Medium’ exposure level (12-21 score) i.e. (100%) workers in calibration, (100%) in Fixing and Filling, (100%) in Designing and Tracing, and (50%) in Jewellery making, which designate ‘Further investigation required’. For majority of workers lung capacity was less than 50% of the standard PEFR values. Results on environmental parameters revealed that the summer temperatures were exorbitant (41-42oC) and workers reported that it become very different to work in summers the average light intensity in three Stone Art Units under study was considerably low as compared to standard values it was revealed out of three units, the two units were exceeding the sound level to 85 dB and one unit was reaching the sound level up to 94.77 dB which was alarming and very harmful for the workers. Certain ergonomic guidelines for improving the workplace and posture were suggested by the investigator so that health and efficiency of the stone art worker could be enhanced.

A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF CARBON FOOTPRINT IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT

Research Scholar: SudhaVijayvergiya Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Neeta Lodha M Sc Thesis-2014

ABSTRACT

The world is facing the challenge of global warming and climate change issues. Environment has been undergoing significant changes due to increasing human population and its activities which, directly and indirectly release GHG into the atmosphere. When fossil fuels are used to generate energy, forest are cut down and burned, carbon dioxide is produced. Even meeting cooking energy requirement through fuel wood, it is a chief source of releasing GHG into the atmosphere. Our day to day activities are dependent on electricity which is mostly coming from coal based, diesel and petrol for our vehicles and LPG for cooking in our kitchen. All of the energy we use is derived from these fossil fuels which are GHG intensive.

The present study aims to assess carbon footprint in rural households of Udaipur District. For this purpose, a sample of 120 rural women of 25- 50 years age group from four villages ( two Blocks) of Udaipur District were selected. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, household survey was conducted to gather information regarding respondents’ family background, their household fuel consumption pattern, carbon habits and knowledge, and also household carbon footprints of the respondents was calculated. In the second phase educational package was developed.

The findings of the study succinctly revealed that respondents average secondary carbon footprint score was 80.06. Only one fifth of the respondents had good secondary carbon footprint scores. Habits play an important role in determining individual’s carbon footprint. The overall mean score of respondents habits related to carbon footprint was 179.02. Moreover, only one third of the respondents had good habits related to carbon footprint. Near about half of the respondents had average knowledge regarding carbon footprint. The average carbon footprint of the respondents was 38.36 metric tons which is significant in increasing greenhouse gases leading to global warming. Therefore, rural women should be imparted knowledge related to clean fuels so that they can contribute in reducing the carbon footprint leading to global warming and thus climate change.

ASSESSMENT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN SHOPPING MALLS OF UDAIPUR

Research Scholar: Tanvi Khurana Major Advisor: Ms Seema Dwivedi MSc Thesis-2014

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to assess customer satisfaction towards various mall attributes and investigate its effect on visit frequency. The promotional strategies employed by retailers and mall management were also studied and their effect with reference to various demographic variables was found out. The study was conducted in three malls of Udaipur city. A sample of 90 customers (30 from each mall), 30 retailers (proportionately selected) and 3 mall managers was selected for the present study.

Questionnaire and interview techniques were used for data collection. Frequency, percentage, Mean Weighted Scores, Mean Percent Scores and chi-square test were used for analysis of data. The major findings of the study reveal that majority of the customers were females, in 20-30 years age group, with annual family income 2-5 lac, engaged in private sector service, single (unmarried) and belonged to nuclear family (70%). Most of the respondents visited the mall once a month (31.11%) for watching a movie (60%) or shopping (51.11%) mostly on weekends (55.55%) and spent 3-4 hours at the mall. Regarding the retailers, maximum outlets started 1-2 years ago, had 3-5 employees (63.33%), mostly stocked clothing/apparels (70%), jewellery/accessories and footwear and visited frequently by customers engaged in private service (56.66%) belonging to high class (73.33%). Among mall attributes property management had the highest level of satisfaction (MPS=76.26) and product pricing was the least satisfactory (MPS= 67.32). Overall the satisfaction level of customers with attributes was: with convenience (77.77%), ambience (67.77%), property management (91.22%), entertainment (80%), product assortment (82.22%), product pricing (75.55%) and service (86.66%). The relationship between visit frequency and satisfaction from convenience, ambience and entertainment were found to be significant at 5 per cent level of significance. The most commonly employed promotional strategies were sales and discounts (76.66%), attractive displays/exhibits of merchandise (70%) and combo offers (53.33%). The most successful strategies were sale and discounts followed by combo offers and point-of-purchase displays. The promotions employed at management level reminders, advertisements, blogs, exhibits, product launches, fashion shows and contests..From the customers’ point of view the most effective strategies were Loyalty/ frequency programmes attractive merchandise display, festival celebrations Coupons/discounts. The association between effect of promotional strategies and gender, age, annual family income and marital status was found to be significant at 5 % can level of significance.

DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT SCALE FOR URBAN AREA Research Scholar: Lalita Regar Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs)Vandana Kaushik MSc Thesis-2015

ABSTRACT The study was undertaken with the objective of developing a Green Consumer Behavior Assessment Scale. The scale was meant to study different factors viz. green awareness, pricing for green products, brand awareness, consumer purchasing decision, packaging awareness, quality value , emotional value, social value, consumer value etc. that affect the behavior of the consumer. The development of scale was done in five steps viz. listing of items on variety of green consumer behavior related parameters, rating the items, item analysis, validity of the green consumer behaviour tool, reliability of the green consumer behaviour tool. The tool was standardized on 200 consumers from urban area of Udaipur district in the age group of 20 years or more, belonging to either nuclear or joint families. The reliability and validity scores of the scale were calculated. The reliability and validity scores indicate that the scale was highly reliable and valid for the purpose of assessing the green behaviour of the consumers.

ASSESSMENT OF DRUDGERY OF WOMEN FARMERS IN GROUNDNUT CULTIVATION Research Scholar: Rajshree Garasia Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) Suman Singh M Sc Thesis-2015

ABSTRACT Most of the drudgery prone tasks performed by women in agriculture are cutting, uprooting, transplanting, weeding and sowing and post-harvest tasks like manual threshing of maize millet and pulses, sieving and cleaning. Even for groundnut after the harvesting removal of nuts and cleaning of groundnut seeds are also performed manually.Thus, the present study was done with the major objective an assessment of drudgery in women dominated activities in groundnut cultivation. And also introduce the selected drudgery reduction technology in identified drudgery prone activities. The study was conducted in selected villages of Bichiwada tehsil of Dungarpur district of Rajasthan. The intervention with improved tool was limited only to selected drudgery prone activities in groundnut cultivation. Multi stage sampling was used for the study. It was found that the Physical load (17.77) was maximum followed by MSD load (16.70), Repetitive load (11.19), Physiological load (8.17), Time load (8.17) and the least load was that of Postural load (7.89). The overall average Drudgery load for groundnut cultivation was 70.03/150, while Drudgery Index was 44.45 depicting Moderate to Heavy drudgery in cultivating groundnut crop. Introduction of improved tools/ technology of Stripping and Decortications proved very useful for respondents in terms of drudgery reduction and efficiency in work performance.

ASSESSMENT OF ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS OF UDAIPUR CITY

Research Scholar: Tanuja Jukariya Major Advisor: Dr (Mrs) RituSinghvi M. Sc. Thesis- 2015

ABSTRACT

Online shopping has become the recent trend in purchasing products. There are several factors like increased Internet penetration, improved security measures, convenience of shopping that provides all online shopping agencies a perfect environment to grow. Online shopping also provides consumers an easier way for comparison of different productson the basis of their features and specifications without going to shop. Sometimes consumers find it difficult to choose the best and safest sites for making purchases. Thus, this study was an attempt to explore various online shopping agencies, buying behaviour, satisfaction level and identify problems that students face when purchasing online. Hence, an attempt was made to assess online shopping behaviour of students with the following objectives:

1. To explore various online shopping agencies existing in India, different categories and varieties of products sold online. 2. To study the buying behavior of students regarding online shopping. 3. To judge the satisfaction level and problems faced by students from online shopping.

The study was conducted in two phases:

Phase-1.Exploration of various online shopping agencies existing in India, different categories and varieties of products sold online. Phase-2.Assessment of buying Behavior, level of satisfaction and problems faced by students from online shopping.

In phase-1, all the online shopping agencies falling in the category of e-retailing under the segment of Business to consumer mode of transaction were selected. Data was collected through secondary sources of information. In phase-2,a sample of 100 post graduation students from four constituent colleges of Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur was selected purposively to assess buying behavior, level of satisfaction and problems faced from online shopping. The level of satisfaction was calculated using five point rating scale ranging from extremely satisfied to extremely dissatisfied. Overall satisfaction level on each aspect was judged by calculating mean weighted score.

Phase-1. In all there were 76 online shopping agencies out of which 28 were dealing with single category of products and 48 were dealing with multiple categories of products.Products were sold in national and international market. All of them were providing customer multiple modes of payment options.

Phase-2. Students bought products from only six online shopping agencies out of all 28in single category and twenty-three out of 48 agencies in multiple categories of products. The most popular online shopping agency among students was Flipkart.com from which students bought thirteen categories of products. Ninety three per cent of students used cash on delivery as a mode of payment.Students were extremely satisfied from the facility of all time shopping accessibility, easy availability of customers review and rating, time taken by agency to deliver products, ease in product price and quality comparison, transaction security and multiple payment options as the mean weighted score for level of satisfaction for these aspects was ranging between 4.10 to 5.00 MWS. Most of the respondents were satisfied with various aspects of online shopping like time to time discount and offers, accuracy/content of information, shipping and handling, appearance of the website, personal privacy and security, care and individualized attention, variety in one type of product, after sales service, use and functionality of the website, product presentation, price of the products, responsiveness of the agency, quality of products (3.10-4.00MWS). The overall experience of students with online shopping was satisfactory as mean weighted score for the level of satisfaction was ranging between 3.10 to 4.00 MWS. The major problems while online shopping reported was risk of mistakes in credit card transactions (88%) not being able to touch and feel the product (80%). The various types of risks perceived by students were identity risk (67 %), financial risk (54%), performance risk (28%), social risk (25%), physical risk (13%) and psychological risk (16%) while shopping online.

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M.Sc Research Abstract

Department of Human Development & Family Studies

College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur

Title of the Research- Developing an educational package on sex education for urban adolescent boys (1999) Name of the Student- Manjeet Kaur Major Advisor- Dr.Praha Jain Research Outcomes- The major findings of the study were existing knowledge of the adolescent boys regarding two aspects the growing body physical changes and its consequences and wholesome boy – girl relationship were found low (30-35%) whereas for other two aspects i.e. indicators of emergence of gender identity and socio emotional challenges associated with sexuality were found moderate. It was found that there was increase in knowledge(67-83%) through educational intervention among the respondents. The study revealed that there was gain in knowledge with increase in education and age showing vital role of education and age. It was also reported by majority of respondents that educational teaching aid was most effective tool for improvement of knowledge. Title of the Research- Social adjustment and life satisfaction amongst the aged (1999) Research Outcomes- The major findings of the study were Name of the Student- Prabhjoyat Kour Major Advisor- Dr. Renu Dhakar 1. Overall social adjustment of the aged husbands were better as compared to their wives. 2. Aged husbands had significantly better relationship with their family members and outside the family as compared to their wives. 3. Majority of male respondents actively participate in social activity and they had also positive attitude toward social changes. 4. The level of life satisfaction was higher in aged husbands as compared to their wives. 5. Significant positive correlation was observed between the social adjustment and life satisfaction of aged husbands. 6. Significant effect of the type of family , income and occupation was found amongst aged husbands.

Title of the Research- Developing an educational package on sex education for urban adolescent girls (1999) Name of the Student- Simardeep Wasan Major Advisor- Dr. Sophia Gir Research Outcomes- The major findings of the study were 1. The existing level of knowledge of majority of sample subjects in the complete tool was moderate, however they showed lowest knowledge in the aspect of Developing wholesome boy and girl relationship. 2. The overall transition of the experimental group after exposure to sex education package was from low to high level of knowledge and in the control group it was either at moderate level or transferred from low to moderate level. 3. After exposure of sex education package the net gain was highest in the aspect of developing wholesome boy and girl relationship and lowest in the socioemotional challenges associated with sexuality. 4. The sample subjects of experimental group were satisfied from the content of sex education package and according to them these types of sex education programmes should be organized every year in their schools or it should be included in their course programme as optional subject. 5. Majority of the subjects recommended that experts, doctors and teachers are the best agents for imparting sex education. It should be taught in separate classes for both sexes through panel and lecture of the experts using audio-visual aids in both hindi andenglish language. Title of the Research- A study on the impact of child right awareness package on knowledge gain of urban adolescents (1999) Name of the Student- Alka Kamra Major Advisor- Dr. Shobha Nandwana Research Outcomes- The major findings of the study were 1. There was significant difference in the pretest and post test scores of experimental group i.e. there was significant gain in knowledge. 2. The knowledge gained by girls were more in comparison to boys after child rights awareness package. 3. The child right awareness package was liked by both boys and girls. 4. Both boys and girls found the folders useful and knowledgeable. 5. Child right awareness package with maximum illustration was liked by adolescents. 6. All the subjects responded for more child rights awareness package in future. Title of the Research- A study of home environment of infants of rural areas of Udaipur (1999) Name of the Student- Sujata Gupta Major Advisor- Dr. Shobha Nandwana Research Outcomes- The major findings of the study were 1. Home environment of most infant girls of rural areas ws very poor. 2. Mean score of the subscale, pride, affection and warmth was higher in comparision to other seven subscales. 3. The infant girls were never alone in their home as it is found from the subscale information on caretakers. 4. Stimulation through toys, games, reading material and organization of environment was not provided to the infant girls of rural homes. 5. Physical environment of girl infants of rural areas was poor. 6. Language stimulation of infant girls of rural areas was very poor. 7. Guidelines for Home Intervention programme have been developed based on the need of the caretakers of infant girls of rural areas.

Title of research: Role, stress, coping style and family adjustment of women entrepreneurs in service sector. (2000) Name of Author: Pragya Dashora Major Advisor: Dr. Indra Alhawat Major research findings: • They experienced significantly higher role stress as compared to SWE in all but challenges stress and result inadequacy dimensions of entrepreneurial role stress (E.R.S.). Women entrepreneur in general preferred avoidance mode of coping. • Moreover most preferred avoidance mode of coping was defensive (D) style followed by impunities (M) style. S.W.E. had a better family adjustment compared to PWE. Entrepreneurial role stress (E.R.S.) was observed to be uncorrelated with coping styles (avoidance coping percentage) preferred by the entrepreneurs in individual groups as well as total sample. • Family adjustment was observed to be independent to coping styles in individual groups SWE and PWE but it has negative association when examined for total sample. The correlation coefficient between role stress and family adjustment was found to be significant in case of PWE and total sample. • Further analysis through partial correlation coefficient revealed a negative association between role stress and family adjustment after removing a influence of coping style in case of PWE and total sample. • Likewise a negative association between coping styles and family adjustment after removing the influence of entrepreneurial role stress (E.R.S.) was noticed in total sample only. Barring a few various dimensions of role stress, coping styles and family adjustment were observed to be mutually independent of each other.

Title of research: Assessment of the level of satisfaction of the parents of beneficiaries in Aanganwadi of Udaipur city. (2000) Name of Author: Rajni Dewadi Major Advisor: Dr. Prabha Jain Major research findings: • None of the anganwadis was completely at par with the minimum specification given by the Department of Woman and Child Development and as suggested by others in referred literature. • Majority of parents in general, were not satisfied with the physical facilities including location, outdoor area, infrastructure and indoor area, whereas they were satisfied as far as snacks were concerned. As far as the staff, records and admission procedure was concerned they were satisfied or highly satisfied and .with regard to planning and execution they were satisfied to some extent. • In all the selected anganwadis, the level of satisfaction of mothers and fathers was not significantly correlated in many of the aspects. • Regarding the perception for the ways to increase their level 01 satisfaction, majority of parents opined for the safety and simplicity in all the aspects for the anganwadis i.e. location, outdoor area, indoor area, infrastructure & snacks. They preferred the choices that encouraged healthy learning and affectionate environment for their children regarding staff records and programme including planning and execution of activities.

Title of the Research – A study of rural infant rearing practices (2000) Name of the student – Shruti Ranga Major Advisor – Dr. Shobha Nandwana Research outcomes- A. Family background information 1. From the present study it was clearly evident that maximum infants enjoyed second ordinal position. B. Practices related to Physical and motor development: 1‘ Majority of mothers initiated breast milk after 3-4 days after delivery as according to all the respondents prelacteal feed was necessary for the newborn baby. 2. The posture while breast feeding followed by most of the mothers was in sitting position doing some work e.g. chapati making winowing etc. 3 For weaning, most women applied the paste of neem leaves on the nipple as it was bitter. 4. Most mothers feeding top milk diluted it if it was homemade. 5. Majority of the mothers were not in practise of giving bottle feeding to the baby. 6. Majority of the mothers gave massage to baby till a certain age. 7. Majority of mothers were not in practice of giving exercise to the infants. 8 Majority of mothers gave first bath on same day after few hours of delivery. 9 Practice related to sleep revealed that most of the babies were patted to put to sleep. C. Practices related to socio-emotional and personality development: 10. Majority of the mothers reported that their baby stays with them for the full day. 11. Practice of toilet training was not so frequent. 12. Soft things were given for playing to baby. 13. All the mothers encourage their babies for playing with other children. 14. Regarding the practice related to socio-emotional and personality development stimulation were inadequate. D. Practices related to cognitive and language development: 15. It was found that stimulation for cognitive and language development of infants of rural area was inadequate.

Title of the Research- Social adjustment, expectations and life satisfaction of the aged widows (2000) Name of the Student- Vinita Chelawat Major Advisor- Dr. Renu Dhakar Research Outcomes- The results of the study revealed that 1. Overall social adjustment of the aged widows was moderate. 2. Most of the aged widows had good relationship with their children and daughter in law whereas relationship with grandchildren, relatives, neighbours and friends was found to be moderate. 3. Participation of the aged widows in social activities was found to be average. 4. Attitude towards social change was found to be represented equally in all the three categories i.e. one third had positive, an equal number was moderate and another one third had negative attitudes. 5. The level of expectation of aged widows was found to be high. 6. Most of the aged widows were found to be satisfied with their life. 7. There was a significant positive correlation between the social adjustment and life satisfaction of aged widows. 8. There was positive correlation between social adjustment and expectations and life satisfaction but the value of correlation coefficient was not found to be significant. Title of the Research- A study on the problems experienced and resolutions perceived by boys in late childhood period (2000) Name of the Student- Swati Chhatwani Major Advisor- Dr. Sophia Gir Research Outcomes- Major findings of the study were as follows- 1. All the subjects were assessed to experience problems to a moderate extent. 2. There was no significant difference in subjects with employed and non employed mothers. 3. The major areas of resolutions as perceived by the subjects were more in academic area. 4. The major resolutions, which the subjects perceived as to be resolving their problems, related to self. Title of the Research- A study on the problems experienced and resolutions perceived by girls in late childhood period (2000) Name of the Student- Divya Sharma Major Advisor- Dr. Sophia Gir Research Outcomes- Major findings of the study were as follows- 1. All the subjects were assessed to experience problems to a moderate extent. 2. Subjects of non employed mothers experienced problems more than the subjects of employed mothers. 3. Girls of non employed mothers experienced problems more than girls of employed mothers in all aspects except in school related aspects, specifically for one aspect pertaining to the guidance and counseling provided by the school. 4. There was significant difference between girls of employed and non employed mothers in aspects related to school curriculum, homework pressures, unrealistic expectations from parents, disparity between parental and peer standards, teachers influence and inadequate guidance and counseling. 5. The major areas of resolutions as perceived by the subjects were more in academic area. 6. The major resolutions, which the subjects perceived as to be resolving their problems, related to self. Title of the Research- Effect of work- family conflict on job involvement and job satisfaction of working women (2000) Name of the Student- Vandana Gupta Major Advisor- Dr. Indra Ahlawat Research Outcomes- Major findings of the study were as follows- 1. Working women had experienced work –family conflict. There was significant difference between the work- family conflict in women belonging to professional and non professional category. 2. The subjects had high level of job involvement. Significant difference was found between job involvement in professionally employed women and non professionally employed women. However women in professional category had shown higher levels of job involvement than women in non professional category. 3. Working women experienced high levels of job satisfaction. Significant difference was found between professional and non professional women. Job satisfaction levels were higher in women belonging to professional category than women in non professional category. 4. A significant negative relationship was established between work family conflict and involvement of the professionally and non professionally employed women and working women in total. 5. Work family conflict and job satisfaction were significantly negatively related in professionally and non professionally employed women and working women in total. 6. A positive significant correlation was found between job involvement and job satisfaction of professionally and non professionally employed women and working women in total. 7. The work – family conflict, job involvement and job satisfaction of working women were found to be interdependent and interrelated to each other. Title of research: Assessment of the level of satisfaction of the parents of beneficiaries studying in Nursery school of Udaipur city. (2000) Name of Author: Ritu Warman Major Advisor: Dr. Prabha Jain Major research findings: • All the three schools selected were at par with the specification laid down by NCERT (1992). • Majority of the parents were either satisfied or highly satisfied with the physical facilities including location, outdoor area, indoor area, infrastructure & snacks ; staff, records & admission procedure & programme including planning & execution. • The levels of satisfaction of fathers & mothers were significantly correlated in all the aspects in school I but not so in school II. In school Ill they were correlated significantly in some of the selected aspects. • Regarding the perception for the ways to increase their level of satisfaction, majority of parents opined for safety & simplicity in all the aspects for the preschool i.e. location, outdoor area, indoor area, infrastructure & snacks. They preferred the choices that encouraged healthy, learning & affectionate environment for their children regarding staff, records & admission procedure & programme including planning & execution of activities.

Title of research: Expectations, social adjustment and life satisfaction of the aged widowers. (2001) Name of Author: Saroj Bamnia Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Dhakar Major research findings: • Level of expectations of aged widowers was found to be high. • Overall social adjustment fo the aged widowers was good. • The aged widowers had good relationship with their family members and outside the family. • Participation of the aged widowers in social activities was found to be high. • Majority of the aged widowers were found to be satisfied with their life. • There was a significant positive correlation between social adjustment and life satisfaction and expectations and life satisfaction. • However no significant relationship was observed between social adjustment and expectation of the aged widowers.

Title of research: An exploratory study on parenting satisfaction and family structure in child rearing stage of family life cycle (2001) Name of Author: Ruchi Lodha Major Advisor: Dr. P.Jain Major research findings: • The Ss who participated in the present investigation shared almost homogeneous background i.e. majority of parents were having arranged marriage and engaged in service. Majority of them was in the income range of Rs1000-10000 per month and their children were between the age ranges of 1- 2 years. • Mothers and fathers in joint families were highly satisfied with their parenting. • Mothers and fathers were partially satisfied with their parenting in nuclear families. • Mothers were highly satisfied and satisfied with their parenting regarding personal care of the infant in joint as well as nuclear families. • Fathers were more satisfied with their parenting in joint as well as nuclear families regarding socio-emotional behaviour of the infant, verbal cognitive of the infant and motor behaviour of the infant. • Mothers and fathers were equally satisfied with their parenting regarding health care of the infant in nuclear families and equally highly satisfied in joint families. • The study revealed that there was significant difference between parenting satisfaction in joint and nuclear families regarding all the aspects. • The study revealed that there was no significant difference between fathers and mothers in joint families regarding miscellaneous task of the infant. • The study revealed that there was no significant difference between fathers and mothers in nuclear families regarding health care of the infant.

Title of research: social majority and locus of control of high achievers and low achievers –a comparative analysis. (2001) Name of Author: Radhika Lodha Major Advisor: Dr. Sophia Gir Major research findings: • Majority of the Ss belonged to moderate level of social maturity. • Majority of the Ss showed internal locus of control and more prone to take credit for their deeds rather than the blame. • There was significant difference between the social maturity and locus of control of 9 — 10 year’s boys and girls. • There was no significant difference between the social maturity of high and low achieving boys and girls. • There was no significant difference between locus of control of high and low achieving boys and girls.

Title of the Research - Standardization of social maturity scale for boys and girls of 11 and 12 years (2001) Name of the student – Shweta Chopra Major Advisor – Dr. P.Jain • The score of whole reliability through split half method was found to be 0.80 and the score of test retest reliability was found to be 0.76 for the boys and girls of 11 and 12 years of age. The scores were found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance. • The social maturity scale is valid for the boys and girls of 11 and 12 years of age. The score of validity was found to 0.71 for social maturity scale. The scores were found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance. • The scores of t-values for the item analysis were found to be significant 0.05 level of significance for boys and girls of 11 and 12 years of age. All the items were retained in the final form of the scale. Manual of social maturity scale was prepared which included the content on The subheadings like introduction of social maturity scale, development of scale. tool and its description, instructions for scoring and the results of the coefficients of reliability, validity and item analyses. Percentile norms were also calculated for each trait of boys and girls of social maturity scale.

Title of the Research – Identification of problems experienced by rural adolescent girls between the age range of 11 to 16 years (2001) Name of the student – Triveni Bhateja Major Advisor – Dr. Shobha Nandwana 1 All the subjects experienced problems, least extent to higher extent in every area. 2. Majority of the subjects faced maximum problems in social area. All the subjects experience higher problems in health area especially for one aspect pertaining to the lack of knowledge about reproductive health.

Research title- Standardization of social maturity scale for boys and girls of 9 and 10 years of age (2002) Name of student-Harpreet Oberoi Major advisor-Dr Sophia Gir Major finding- The finding of the study revealed the scale is valid and reliable for the boys & girls in late childhood period 10 yr.) Major findings of the study were: - The score of whole reliability through split half method & test retest was found to be 0.89 and the score of validity through dependence of validity on reliability method was found to be 0.71 for late childhood. The scores of reliability and validity were found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance. The scores of t value for the item analysis were found to be significant at 0.05 levels for late childhood. Manual for the social maturity scale was prepared for the content on the subheadings like introduction, development of the scale and the use of scale, tool and its description, instructions to be given both boys and girls, instructions for scoring and the results of the coefficients of reliability, validity and time analysis (mean, standard deviation and t-values). The Percentile norms for each trait of social maturity scale were also determined Title of the Research – A study of vocational interest of adolescents belonging to families with employed and non employed mothers (2002) Name of the student – Pooja Rani Khurana Major Advisor – Dr. Shobha Nandwana

Research outcomes • Girls and boys of employed mothers were more highly interested in occupational field rather than boys and girls of non employed mothers. • Girls were more interested than boys in all occupational fields, in both employed and non employed groups of mother • Girls were mainly interested in creative, performing and humanitarian field. • Boys were mainly interested in administrative, medical and technical area. • Most preferred field was the clerical field for the boys and girls of both the employed and non-employed mothers. • Boys were less influenced by maternal employment as compared to girls.

Research title- Status Appraisal Of Early Childhood Care And Development Caters Of Udaipur(2002) Name of student- Meena Bishnoi Major advisor-Dr Sophia Gir Major finding- • An investigator was used to find out the problems and satisfaction experienced from administrators and nursery teachers. • The data thus collected was categorized and coded separately for each section of the tool and case study were developed to highlight the problem and satisfaction of the personnel of ECCD centers. • The conclusion drawn from the study were that majority of the preschools were established between 1991-2002 and affiliated to Rajasthan Board. • Administrator had good education but they had poor preschool education. Majority of the preschool hadn't clear-cut philosophy for their institutions. • Majority of the preschools followed the parameters, which were prescribed by NCERT but still improvement needed in the preschools. Title of the Research- Adolescents boys perception on sleep quality and schedule its relatioship to day time functioning (2003) Name of the student – Titiksha Choyal Major Advisor – Renu Dhakar • The average sleeping and waking timings in subjects were found to be etween 11 pm to 5-6 am. • Majority of adolescent boys perceived their quality of sleep good. • The daytime functioning of majority of the adolescent boys was also found to be good. • A high positive correlation was observed between quality of sleep of dolescents and their daytime functioning.

Research title- A study on motor and mental developmental status of rural infants of Sri Ganganagar"( 2003) Name of student- Menu Chawla Major advisor-Dr P Jain Major finding- The present study was an attempt to assess the motor and mental development status of rural infants from 1 to 30 months of age, residing in Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. The data were collected through testing and observation technique. Pathak's Indian adaptation of Nancy Bayley Scale (1961) for identifying the motor and mental development of the infants was used from 60 subjects (30 boys and 30 girls infants). Finding of the study related to infants, motor and mental developments are summarized below: 1. In both villages the majority of father and mothers were engaged in the occupation of farming and house hold respectively. They were also belonging to nuclear families and had 2 to 4 adult’s member and 1 to 3 children in the family. 2. The mean scores for motor and mental development increased constantly. The mean motor and mental development scores of the present sample were relatively higher than U.S.A. and Baroda. 3. The mean motor and mental development sample of boys and girls were relatively high. 4. A comparison between present scores of boys and girls motor and mental development at different age months constantly show higher scores for boys. Research title- adolescent girl’s perception on sleep quality and schedule and its relationship to day time functioning (2003) Name of student-Kanika Mathur Major advisor-Dr Renu Dhakar Major finding- Background information of the personal and familiar details of the subjects revealed that majority of the subjects were from nuclear families having family income ranging from Rs. 5,000/- to 15,000/- per month. • Majority of the subjects were satisfied with their academic performance. • Majority of the subjects suffered from general weakness and some found themselves to be affected by certain physical ailments. • Sleep schedule of the respondents revealed that majority of them devoted 7-8 hours to sleep on all the weeknights. • The afternoon nap duration increased on the weekends. • Majority of the respondents did not take afternoon nap. • Majority of the respondents had good quality of sleep. • More than half of the respondents expressed that their day time functioning was good where as, the others exhibited a moderate quality. Research title- "A Study on Motor and Mental developmental status of rural infants of bhilwara"(2003) Name of student-Kritika Bhatt Major advisor-Dr Sophia Gir Major finding- Majority of fathers and mothers were found to be engaged in shop keeping, factory worker, and agriculture and house wife in the both villages. 2) Most of the infants were belonged to nuclear families and had 1 to 3 adult members and infants in the both villages. 3) Mean scores of motor and mental developmental task show increase in all the age categories and were relatively high as compared to U.S.A. and Baroda. A comparative look at the mean scores of boys and girls for motor and mental development at different age categories showed higher scores for boys. In the comparison of present sample with AICRP infant’s age placement, the present sample acquired all the tasks of motor and mental development earlier than AICRP infants. Research title- "Effect of work and family role expectation on role strain and general well being of working women Name of student- Madhu Sharma Major advisor-Dr Indra Ahlawat Major finding- All the subjects had higher overall life role salience. Their salience in four major life roles separately viz. occupational, parental, marital and home care roles was also high. 2.Working women and women in two categories i.e. professional and non-professional had high reward and commitment scores in overall life roles as well as in four life roles separately viz. occupational, parental, marital and home care roles r- value was higher far all the group of subjects in comparison to their commitment value. 3. Significant differences was' found between professionally and non-professionally employed women with respect to overall life role salience scores, total reward value and total commitment value. 4. Significant difference was found between professionally and non-professionally employed women with respect to parental reward value, marital reward value and marital salience scores. 5. All the subjects had high parental salience, reward and commitment value. 6. All the subjects perceived role strain (internal external and overall role strain) significant difference was found between Research title- “Academic Achievement of orphan boys of 6 to 12 years (2004) Name of student- Manisha Chug Major advisor-Dr Suman Audichya Major finding- (1) Academic achievement of the orphans was average. (2) Infrastructural and functional facilities of the school and orphanage facilitating the academic achievement of the orphans. (3) Personal and environmental variables were facilitating the academic achievement of the orphans. (4) Family variables were not influencing the academic achievement of the orphans. (5) Students who had average I.Q. level also had average academic achievement.

Title of the Research - Life style, expectations and problems of rural aged couples(2004) Name of the student – Sushila Sahran Major Advisor – Dr. Shobha Nandwana Findings of the study related to life-style, expectations and problems are summarized below- • Almost all the respondents were leading an active life-style and were able to perform their routine activities independently. • Aged women were found to be more involved in household tasks. However, aged men were found to be actively participating in activities cossected with outside work and farming activities. • Most of the respondents had satisfactory relationship with their spouse, children and grand children. Results on involvement in social activities depicted that aged women are more involved in religious activities rather then aged men and men mere found to be more involved in different developmental works of the village. • A favourable attitude towards social change was observed amongst aged men who were well educated as compared to aged women. • The respondents had high expectations from self and their spouse. The level of expectations of subjects from their family members and society was found to be moderate. Majority of the respondents were physically fit and faced less of health problems. • The economic status of the rural aged was found to be good and as such they had less financial problems. Some of the subjects were found to face some socio-emotional problems like inadequate respect from younger generation, inadequate attention and generation gap. • Hence, it is concluded that the aged subjects in farm families were leading relatively satisfactory life-style and less of problems. However, the expectations that have emerged out needs due attention. Title of the Research - A study on the impact of child right awareness package on knowledge gain of rural adolescents (2004) Name of the student – Vandana Siyar Major Advisor – Dr. Shobha Nandwana Research outcomes • There was significant difference in the pre-test and post test scores of experimental group i.e. there was significant gain in fledge in experimental group. • The knowledge gained by boys was more in comparison to girls after the exposure to child right awareness package. • The child right awareness package was liked by both boys and girls. • Both boys and girls found the folders useful and knowledgeable. • Child right awareness package with maximum illustration was liked by adolescents. • All the subjects responded for more child right awareness package in future. • Regarding the different aspects of child rights it was found that there was significant difference between knowledge of girls and boys regarding survival rights. Experimental group of boys gained more knowledge in comparison to experimental group girls on this aspect. Title of research: Life style Expectations and problems of rural aged couples. (2004) Major research findings: Name of Author: Sarika Sodani Major Advisor: Dr. Prabha Jain • All the three centre selected were at par with the specification laid down by NCERT (1992). • Majority of parents were either satisfied or highly satisfied with the physical facilities, staff, record, admission procedure and programme Including planning and execution. • When the level of satisfaction of mother and father were compared, it was found that their views differ from each other in some regards in rearing their children. • Majority of teacher were satisfied physical facilities except outdoor, staff admission procedure, programme payments and salaries but majority of teacher were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with location, records and working hours. • Regarding the perception for the ways to increase the level of satisfaction of parents and teachers, majority of them opined for safety and simplicity in all aspects for the centre i.e. location, outdoor area, indoor area, snacks. They preferred healthy learning from the ECCD centres regarding staff, records, admission procedure, programme planning and execution, working and payments of the salaries.

Research title-Career Maturity of adolescent girls of employed and non-employed mothers*(2004) Name of student-Anju Devi Major advisor-Dr S Nandawana Major finding- present study was an attempt to study the Career Maturity among girls of 14- 16 years of age of employed and non-employed mothers. The method was used to select twelve schools. Subject of 14 — 16 years in Udaipur city, whose parents were alive and belonged to middle -7 were selected. The total sample consisted of 60 adolescent girls. Collect the data for the study the standardized Career Maturity Inventory big Gupta, N. (1989) was used to find out the Career Maturity of adolescent MBEs I in schools. 't' test were computed to analysis the data. The present study reveals that-71= Career Maturity of the adolescent girls were generally at average level. But adolescent girls of employed mothers showed higher score as compared to Sent girls of non employed mothers on Career Maturity. Adolescent girls of employed mothers have more favorable Attitude toward choice as compared to the adolescent girls of non-employed mothers. There was no significant difference found between the obtained score on overall Competence of adolescent girls of employed and non-employed mothers. Adolescent girls of employed mothers showed significant difference at el on the sub parts of career competence. Research title-study on impact of active learning programme on the development of rural aaganwadi children (2005) Name of student-Gunjan Sharma Major advisor-Dr Sophia Gir Major finding- 1) the girls who participated in the investigation belonging to aanganwadi of village 9a, had highest score in conceptual readiness skill and lowest in personal social skill in the pre-test. 2) In the 11" Anganwadi of 12GG the boys secured highest score in gross motor skills and lowest in language skills in the pre-test. As far as girls were concerned they had highest score in conceptual readiness skill and lowest in personal social skills. 3) After exposure to the Active Learning Programme both the genders belonging to the two selected Anganwadies i.e. of 9A village and 12GG village secured highest score in conceptual readiness and lowest in personal social skill in the post-test. (4) There was no significant difference in all developmental dimensions assessed between girls and boys of both selected Anganwadi centres in post-test. (5) There was significant difference in pre and post-test means of both boys and girls belonging to the two selected Anganwadi centres.

Title of the Research - A Study on School adjustment of rural adolescents (2005) Name of the student – Shalu Major Advisor – Dr. Suman Audichya Research outcomes- 1. School adjustment of rural adolescent girls was slightly better than boys. 2. Emotional and social adjustment of rural boys was better as compared to rural girls. 3. Educational adjustment of rural girls was slightly better than boys. 4. Significant difference was found between rural boys and girls in emotional area of adjustment. There was no significant difference between boys and girls in school social and educational adjustment.

Title of the Research – Impact of child right awareness programme on knowledge of tribal adolescent girls (2005) Name of the student – Suman Rani Major Advisor – Dr. Shobha Nandwana • There was significant difference in pre test and post test I and post test II scores of subjects i.e. there was significant gain in knowledge. • The child rights awareness programme was liked by adolescents girls • Adolescent girls found the activities useful, interesting and knowledgeable. • Al the subjects responded for more child rights awareness programme in future. • The subjects teachers. opined that C.R.A. Programme should also be conducted for parents and teachers Title of research: A Study on Insecurities in Senior Citizens of Udaipur City. (2005) Name of Author: Ritu Chandra Major Advisor: Dr. C.Dave Major research findings: • The background information revealed that majority of the aged were highly educated Le. graduation and above, retired from Government Service, income between Rs. 5.000-20,000 per month, living in Udaipur from 60-80 years and 50 percent of them '7.aving, the membership of Muskan and/or Senior Citizen club. • Majority of the aged reported insecurity in the dimension: Financial Insecurity, whereas "Health dimension of insecurity" was reported by few of the Ss. • The age wise comparison revealed that, the frequency of responses reflecting insecurity is in descending order i.e. 70-75 years age group reflecting high frequency of insecurity followed by 65-70 years age group and 60-65 years being be lowest frequency of insecurity. • (4) Majority of the responses of the aged reported the adoption of the coping strategy : Reaction Formation followed by Compromise in all the three age groups • (5) Case studies revealed that, the aged were trying to compromise and adjust with the modernization and new generation, so that there is minimum family conflict

Title of research: Parental role dimensions of rural farm families having infants. (2006) Name of Author: Parul Chaturvedi Major Advisor: Dr. Renu Dhakar Major research findings: • It was found that mothers' participation was greater in all the five tasks like personal care and health care of the infant and in developing socio-emotional, verbal-cognitive competence and motor behaviour in child. But fathers' participation was found to be equal to mothers in health care , during emergency. • It was a significant difference between the role participation of rural farm mothers and fathers in all the five task categories. • Mother were found to be more competent than fathers in performing the role related to personal care like feeding, toileting, bathing and dressing up the child etc, and in health care of the child. And both mothers and fathers were equally competent in taking responsibility for developing socio-emotional behaviour, verbal cognitive competence and motor behaviour in the children. • There was significant difference between the role competence of rural farm mothers and fathers only in personal and health care of the children. • Fathers were experiencing slightly more constraints than mothers in performing tasks related to personal care, health care and in promoting socio- emotional, verbal cognitive competence and motor the children. Mostly couples faced constraints due to lack of resources, lack of knowledge and unsafe environment around the home • There was a significant difference between the role constraints experienced by rural mothers and fathers in all the five categories like personal care, health care and in promoting socio-emotional, verbal -cognitive competence and motor behaviour in the children. Title of research: A study on emotional maturity and school adjustment of destitute boys. (2006) Name of Author: Preeti chalan Major Advisor: Dr. Suman Audichiya Major research findings: • Emotional maturity of destitute boys was low. • School adjustment of destitute boys was average. • Emotional adjustment of destitute boys was unsatisfactory. • Social adjustment of destitute boys was good. • Educational adjustment of destitute boys was between good and average category. In the present study it is concluded that emotional maturity of destitute boys was low and school adjustment was average.

Title of the Research – A comparative study on social maturity of rural boys and girls between 9-12 years of age (2006) Name of the student – Shweta Sharma Major Advisor – Dr. Sophia Gir Research outcomes • The study revealed that all the boys and girls between 9-12 years showed moderate level of social maturity. • Boys who participated in the present investigation reflected high level of social maturity as compared to girls. • Study revealed that boys studying in co-education school showed high level of social maturity as compared to the boys studying in non-co-educational school. • Girls studying in co-education school belonged either to high or moderate level of social maturity. None of them showed low level of social maturity and girls studying in non-coeducational institution showed moderate level of social maturity. • t-test was used to compare the social maturity of boys and girls between 9-1 2 years of age. • Guidelines were developed on the basis of the perception of children between 9-12 years regarding the role of parents/teachers in the promotion of social maturity. Research title-Parental Role Dimensions of Urban Slum Families Having Infants".(2006) Name of student-Anjali Bhargava Major advisor-Dr Renu Dhakar Major finding- The major findings were: here were significant differences between the role participation of urban slum fathers and mothers in fulfilling all the five tasks categories. Mothers were found to share 3/4th of the responsibility of parental tasks. 2. The responses of mothers and fathers both indicated that they were competent in handling tasks like promoting socio-emotional behaviour and health care of the infant and highly competent in tasks concerning to personal care of the infant. Couples were reasonably competent in promoting motor behaviour of the infant. 3. It emerged from the results that urban slum parents faced greater constraints due to lack of time, knowledge, resources and experience in inacting the parental role responsibilities. 4. There was a significant difference between the role constraints experienced by urban slum couples in fulfilling tasks related to all the five task categories. In the light of the findings suitable recommendations are given for parents educators and policy makers etc. Title of the research- A study on development of boys & girls of employed and non- employed mother residing in extended families.(2006) Name of the students – Anjali Bhargav Major Advisor- Dr. Shobha Nandwana Research Outcomes - Overall social maturity of boys of non employed mothers was higher than boys of employed mother, and overall social maturity of girls employed of employed mother was higher than girls of non employed mothers statistically age and gender difference was found between the boys and girls of both employed and non employed mothers - Higher percentage of boys of non employed had better personality than boys of employed mothers while girls of employed of employed mothers had better personality than girls of non employed mothers. - Achievement orientation of both boys and girls of employed mothers was higher than the achievement orientation of boys and girls of non employed mother. Statistically gender and age difference was also reported between the boys and girls of employed non employed mothers. Title of the research- Assesment of emotional intelligence of tribal adolescent of Udaipur: an Exploratory study(2007) Name of the students – Kushagra Joshi Major Advisor- Dr. Shobha Nandwana Research Outcomes - Emotional intelligence of tribal adolescent was found to be poor. - Boys were found to be emotionally intelligent than girls - With regard to intrapersonal and interpersonal management the adolescent fell into average category. - The difference between mean scores of boys and girls regarding emotional intelligence was found to be significant. Title of the research- A study on impact of family type on attitude of adolescent girls towards aging and aged (2007) Name of the students – Shakshi Tondon Major Advisor- Dr. Shobha Nandwana Research Outcomes - Regarding attitude towards aging and aged all the girls from extended families possessed negative attitude - Adolescent girls belonging to extended families had negative attitude towards aging - Adolescent girls belonging to nuclear families had highly negative attitude towards aged - There is a need for counseling programme which can direct various strategies for developing better vision to minimize negative attitude towards aging and aged

Title of the research- A comparative study fathers involvement in child care activities between dual earner and single earner families of preschool children (2007) Name of the students – Neetu Rani Major Advisor- Dr. Sophia Gir Research Outcomes- - Fathers in both categories had low level of involvement in the tasks related to child care - Fathers of the dual earner family were involved as compared to the single earner family - Father of dual earner and single earner family felt responsibility for the task but there was low level of interaction in the child caring tasks. Research topic- An Exploratory Study on the Paternal Involvement in Child Research during the Expanding stage of Family Life Cycle (2007) Name of the students:-Ms.Aditi Singh Major advisor: -Dr.Sophia Gir Research Outcomes- - The study revealed that the fathers in all three selected sub stages of the expanding stage of family life cycle had high levels of involvement in providing simulative and reinforcing experience to the child in various child rearing tasks. - It emerged from the results of the study that fathers in all the three selected sub stages of expanding stage of family life cycle were majority satisfied for providing instructions or taking care of the basic needs of the child rearing tasks. - Fathers in all the three selected sub stages of the expanding stage of family life cycle expressed his contentment in adopting measures to prepare the child to sustain the learned behavior and face the challenges of the particular task.

Title of the Thesis: A study on school adjustments of adolescents residing in slum areas of Udaipur City(2007) Name of the students – Veerpal Kaur Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research Outcome - School adjustment of slum adolescents boys & girls was average - Significant differences were found between boys & girls of 16-18 years of ages in overall school adjustment & social area also - No significant differences were observed I the overall school adjustmentof boys & Girls of 14-18 years of age & emotional, Social educational areas

Title of the thesis - Maturity of tribal adolescent in career selection(2007) Name of the students – Miss Kalpa Sharma Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research outcomes - The career maturity level of tribal adolescent was found to be poor - In the self appraisal, occupational information & goal selection aspect of career competency, no significant differences were found between boys & girls - In the planning & planning solving aspects of career competency. The significant differences were found between Boys and Girls

Title of the research- Childhood problems and their resolutions-a perception of urban boys and girls (2007) Name of the students – Shaman Deep Kaur Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research Outcomes - In teacher related aspects boys experienced more problems as compared to girls - In parent related aspects girls experienced more problems as compared to boys - Significant difference was found in problems as boys and girls in aspects related to school curriculum and hyperactivity - The major areas of resolutions perceived by boys & girls were more in academic, teacher and self related areas

Title of the research- Childhood problems and their resolutions-a perception of rural boys and girls (2007) Name of the students – Divya Jain Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research Outcomes - In the parents, self and academic areas experienced more problems as compared to boys - Significant difference was found between boys & girls aspects related to academic, self and parent - The major areas of resolutions as perceived by boys and girls were related to peers, self and parent

Title of the research- A study academic achievement & satisfaction with school environment among tribal adolescents(2008) Name of the students – Dilkhush Meena Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research Outcomes - Meena scores of tribal boys were slightly higher than girls in different areas of school environment satisfaction - No significant difference was found in the overall and area was satisfaction level with school environment of the boys and girls - Association between academic achievement & school environment satisfaction of tribal boys & girls was found nonsignificant Title of the research- A study on problems experienced by adolescent in slum area of Udaipur city (2008) Name of the students – Ranveer Kour Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research Outcomes - Higher percentage of the subjects were having the problems at the moderate extent - Girls experienced the problems at greater extent in health area - Boys experienced the problems at a greater in health area. - Boys experienced the problems at the moderate extent in family, school and health areas - Significant differences were found between boys and girls in personal and health area.

Title of the research- A study on the awareness and opinion of mothers and female teachers regarding adolescence education programme (2009) Name of the students – Poonam Gautam Major Advisor- Dr. Sophia Gir Research Outcomes- - Majority of mothers had moderate awareness in the sexual health and life skills aspects of adolescence education programme whereas female teachers had high awareness in all the aforementioned aspects of adolescence education programme - Majority of mothers and female teachers agreed with the age and sex parameters that it should be given to both boys and girls before puberty and training for effective dissemination to all the agents that training should be provided to all the agents who are disseminating the adolescence education programme. Title of the research- Development of an educational package for enhancing self esteem of Urban poor adolescent boys. (2009) Name of the students- Astha Choudhary Major Advisor- Dr. Renu Dhakar Research Outcomes-

- This intervention package was developed on selected aspects of self esteem i.e physical and academics aspects keeping in view the recommendations of researches and extensive review of literature. This was content validated by a team of subject matter specialists. - The developed package was implemented on adolescent boys of school and was found effective by the subjects. This package has its utility for persons/ organization who are working with adolescents boys.

Title of the Research- Development of an educational package for enhancing self esteem of urban poor adolescent girls. (2009) Name of the students- Minaxi Sharma Major Advisor- Dr. Renu Dhakar

Research Outcomes- - This intervention package was developed on selected aspects of self esteem i.e physical, social and emotional aspects keeping in view recommendations of researches and extensive review of literature and its content verified by a team of subject matter specialists. - The developed package was implemented on adolescent girls for period of six days with 1 hour session each day. The package was evaluated by the subjects and was found effective. This package is useful for organizations working for adolescents girls.

Title of the Research- ‘’Life style, Expectations and Life Style Satisfaction of Rural Aged Couples’’ (2009) Name of the students- Ritu Sharma Major Advisor- Dr. Renu Dhakar

Research Outcomes- - This research was focused on rural aged couples in extended farm families. The results depicted an unsatisfactory life style in personal, familial and societal aspects. High expectations were expressed by Ss from family members and other members of the society. - Life style satisfaction was found to be low. Implications of the research are for the welfare organizations to pay attention to problems of rural farming families and to develop sensitivity in younger generation regarding developing a responsible attitude towards elderly.

Title of the research- A study on relationships between Home Environment &Social Acceptance in urban children (2011) Name of the students – Pallavi Pandy Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research Outcomes - Majority of boys & girls scored moderate scores in overall home environment & its dimensions - Significant differences were observed in physical & social dimension of home environment of boys & girls - Highly significant acceptance was observed in case of boys & girls both

Topic of the research: " A study of association of Emotional Intelligence and Stress among working couples of Udaipur City".(2012) Name of the students- Jaswant Deora Major Advisor Dr.Gaytri Tiwari

Research Outcomes- - Majority of the female experienced high emotional intelligence related to influence, self awareness, emotional resilience, conscientiousness. - Majority of the male experienced high Emotional Intelligence related to intuitiveness and interpersonal sensitivity. Both were experienced same level of Emotional Intelligence related to motivation. - Significant difference were found between male and female in all the Emotional Intelligence - Majority of the male experience medium level of stress related of job, self, finance, health, whereas female experienced medium level of stress related to spouse and children. - Significant difference was found between male and female in four areas child, self spouse, and finance with regards to the stress.

Title of the research- A comparative study on self concept of adolescent boys & girls (2013) Name of the students – Heena Grover Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya

Research Outcomes- - Majority of early & late adolescent boys & girls scored above average category of score - No significant differences were found between early adolescent boys & girl in overall self concept & its dimension - In case of late adolescent boys & girls significant difference was observed in overall self concept & its social, temperamental & educational dimension of self concept.

Topic of the Research : Association of emotional maturity and marital adjustment of dual earner couples (2013) Name of the students: Ms.Meeta Taunk Major Advisor :Dr.Gaytri Tiwari

Research Outcomes: - Majority of females were experienced higher emotional maturity related to emotional instability, emotional regression, social maladjustment, personality disintegration, lack of independent. - Majority of females were having good marital adjustment as compared to their counterparts. - There was association between emotional maturity and marital adjustment. Title of the research- A study on the association of Home Enlivenment and Emotional Intelligence during Late Adolescence(2013) Name of the students – LataSati Major Advisor- Dr. Sophia Gir

Research Outcomes - HOME environment for both the sexes was same in nuclear family. Girls received better home environment in joint family where as boys received same home environment in both type of family structure. - In joint family deprivation of privilege, punishment, rejection and social isolation were higher for girls as compared to boys. - In nuclear family level of permissiveness for girls was higher as compared to boys while level of control for boys was high as compared to girls. - In nuclear families was boys had better interpersonal and interpersonal management skills as compared to girls while girls had better emotional intelligence, inter and intra personal skill as compared to boys. - Statistically there was no association found between home environment with regards to type of family and gender. At the same no association was found between emotional intelligence and type of family. It is recommended that comparative study on emotional intelligence of adolescent can be under taken in rural and urban setting in different religion and cultural background. - The result of the study are helpful to understand how parenting style get influenced by home environment and how to enhance emotional intelligence among adolescent for psychological wellbeing. Title of the research- A Study on Emotional Maturity of Boys and Girls during Late Adolescent (2014) Name of the students – Shiwangi Prabhat Major Advisor- Dr. Gaytri Tiwari Research Outcomes - Majority of the joint and nuclear family boys were extremely socially stable and had extremely stable personality integration. - Half of the joint family and one fourth of nuclear family boys had extremely stable emotional maturity. - Girls of joint and nuclear family higher percentage of respondents were extremely emotionally unstable. - Maximum percentages of girls in both the family structures were found to be socially stable and had extremely unstable personality integration. - In overall emotional maturity higher percentage of nuclear family girls were found to have extremely unstable emotional maturity than joint family girls. - ‘t’ score revealed significant difference between girls and boys in overall emotional maturity (t=5.923) and in emotional stability, emotional progression, social stability, personality integration and autonomous functioning dimension of emotional maturity at 5 per cent level of significance. - In case of late adolescent boys belonging to nuclear and joint families, significant difference was found in overall emotional maturity and in emotional stability and personality integration component. - The findings further revealed no significant difference in overall and in dimensions of emotional maturity of joint and nuclear family girls. - Mean scores of overall emotional maturity obtained by nuclear family girls (101.57) was less than joint family girls (103.78). Title of the research- An Assessment of Life satisfaction among employees of public and private banks (2014) Name of the students – Nidhi Singh Major Advisor- Dr. Gaytri Tiwari

Research Outcomes - Majority of public and private banks employees have scored average category of life satisfaction. - In the case of public banks employees slightly higher mean scores were obtained by female employees as compared to male employees and the no significant difference was not found in overall and dimensions wise i.e. health, personal, economic , marital and social satisfaction. A significant difference was found in job satisfaction of male and female employees. - In the case of public and private bank employees scores obtained by public were higher than those of private and significant difference was observed in overall life satisfaction and health, social and job satisfaction while no significant difference in the domains of personal, economic and marital dimensions of life satisfaction at 5 percent level of significance. - A qualitative study was also done on the impact of children on the life satisfaction of employees and it was found that employees who have school age children were more satisfied than the employees who have children of preschool stage.

Title of the research- A Study on Self Confidence of Rural Adolescents(2014) Name of the students – Parul Nagda Major Advisor- Dr. Suman Audichya Research Outcomes - Majority of the respondents were 17 years old, studying in class 12th from arts stream and ii division. Most of the father of boys and girls were 8-12th pass and mother was illiterate. As far as their occupational status was concerned most of the fathers of boys and girls were engaged in agriculture activities and mothers were housewives and have monthly income of above Rs. 18000. Most of the boys and girls were belonging to nuclear family. - Majority of boys and girls scored average score in overall self confidence level and its personal, emotional, social and educational dimensions. - Significant difference was observed in social dimension of self confidence. Girls scored slightly higher score in social dimension as compared to boys. - No Significant difference was observed between boys and girls in personal, emotional and educational dimensions and overall self confidence. - Statistically there was no association observed between self confidence and academic achievement in case of boys and girls both.

Title of Thesis -A study on sibling relationship during late adulthood (2015). Name of the student-Shreya Mehta Name of advisor-Dr Renu Dhakar Research findings- - Contact maintained was mostly within the moderate and high range for a brother (with his sister) and sister (with her brother). A high margin of brothers experienced moderate levels of conflict with their sister in brother-sister. - Contact maintained was moderate; emotional closeness was high and low level of conflict was seen among sister-sister dyad. - In term of contact maintained, emotional closeness and conflict majority maintained at moderated level amongst brother-brother dyad. - In brother-sister dyad both brother and sister have described their relationship as congenial. - In sister-sister dyad, majority of both sisters’ expressed congenial relationship. - Paired t-test value indicated differences at 5% level of significance amongst all the dyads i.e. brother-sister dyad, sister-sister dyad and brother – brother dyad in intra dyad relationship. - Inter dyad sibling relationship differed at 5% level of significance amongst brother- sister dyad, sister-sister dyad (t=0.33), sister-sister and brother- brother dyad (t=0.006), brother –brother and brother-sister dyad. Title of Thesis – Work-family conflict, Job Satisfaction and General Well being of working women (2015). Name of the student-Anjali Dewra Name of advisor-Dr Indra Ahlawat Research findings- - Majority of the professionally employed women (60%) had average level of work- family conflict indicating that they felt strain due to competing demands from work and family. The percentage of respondents in high category of work-family conflict was 31.7 per cent and in low category was 8.3 percent. - Majority of the professionally employed women were moderately satisfied with their job and 20 per cent respondents had high job satisfaction. - The percentage of professionally employed women, who had average level of general well being, was 45.8% and in high category was 29.2% per cent. The percentage of respondents in low category of general well being was 25.0%. - Significant negative relationship was found between work – family conflict and job satisfaction of professionally employed women - Significant negative relationship was found between work – family conflict and general well being of professionally employed women - A Significant positive relationship was established between job satisfaction and general well being in professionally employed women - Work-family conflict, job satisfaction and general well being of professionally employed women were found to be interdependent and inter-related with each other. Title of the Research – A study on social intelligence of youth in Udaipur city(2015) Name of the student – Anjana Kumawat Major Advisor – Dr. Suman Audichya Research outcomes- • Findings revealed that majority of the subjects passed with first division. Many of them participated in cultural and literary activities in the college. There was no significant difference between boys and girls regarding over all social intelligence and in dimension of patience, confidence, and sensitivity, Recognition of social environment, tactfulness and sense of humour. Significant difference was observed between boys and girls (at 0.01% level of significance) in cooperativeness and memory dimension of social intelligence. Significant difference was observed between student studying in private and government institution in the dimension etc. cooperativeness, confidence, and recognition of social environment, memory dimension and over all social intelligence at 0.05% level of significance. The students of government colleges had significantly higher mean values on these dimensions as compared to students of private colleges.

Title of the Research – A comparative study of nuclear and joint families regarding father's involvement in child rearing activities (2015) Name of the student – Sonali Kartik Major Advisor – Dr. Sophia Gir Research outcomes- The study revealed that majority of the fathers belonged to the age group of 25-35 years with good educational qualifications i.e. graduates and occupationally placed at government sectors having at annual family income under the range of Rs.2,00,000 to 4,90,000. Majority of the wives were not working although they were well educated i.e. graduates. The results showed that fathers from both the nuclear and joint families were highly involved in all the three aspects of health promoting tasks and promoting age related physical skills of preschool children i.e. grooming, sustaining the learning and future orientation. Z-test for difference between two means was administered and no significant difference was found in the level of father's involvement in childrearing activities of preschool children belonging to nuclear and joint families. The comparison in the level of father's involvement in childrearing activities with male and female preschool children was also not significant.

Title of the Research - A comparative study of adolescents belonging to different income groups regarding their vocational interests (2015) Name of the student – Puja Joshi Major Advisor – Dr. Sophia Gir Research outcomes- The results of the study revealed that most of the adolescents had low and average level of interests towards most of the vocational fields studied, however in the areas of sports, enterprise and education adolescents revealed high interests. Significant statistical differences were observed in career interests of boys and girls, with girls having higher inclination towards artistic, performing, expressive, medical, humanitarian and educational fields whereas boys were found to have greater interests towards defence, sports, technical and computational fields. Career interests of adolescents also differed significantly with respect to their socioeconomic status.

M.Sc. Research Abstracts

DEPARTMENT OF HOME SCIENCE EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE, UDAIPUR

MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, UDAIPUR

1

Abstract

Title of Research Developing and Testing Slides on Role of Rural Women in Clean Environment Name of Student Meenakshi Sharma Name of major Advisor Dr. Pushpa Gupta Year 1999

To develop and field test set of slides on “Role of rural women in clean environment”. Major findings of the present study were: • The slide set was rated as good by the experts. They suggested to improve few slides which were incorporated in the slides. • The overall comprehension of the slide set (by recall method after exposure) was good with mean percent score 70.00. • The in-depth slide was visual perception and comprehension of slides was excellent with hundred per cent mean per cent score. The developed slide set on “Role of rural women in clean environment” can be used by field functionaries, extension workers and all those agencies/organization working in the rural areas for their betterment.

2

Abstract

Title of Research Developing and Field Testing the Pamphlets on “Care of Clothes” for Rural Women Name of Student Renu Tiwari Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 1999

The present investigation was done to “Develop and field test the pamphlets on “Care of clothes”. These pamphlets were developed for use by rural women with primary education. • Evaluation of the pamphlets by experts All the developed pamphlets were subjected to evaluation by experts. The pamphlets were rated as good by the experts. The overall MWSs of the four pamphlet ranged between 4.10 to 4.18 out of maximum score of 5. On the basis of experts evaluation and suggestions illustrations in the pamphlets were modified. • Field testing of the pamphlets Field testing includes readability and comprehension of the pamphlets. A. Background information of the respondents Field testing was done with 40 rural women. Majority of the respondents belonged to younger age group (below 20 years) and nuclear family. About equal number of respondents (40-42.5%) belong to agriculture and prestigious caste and very few respondents have participated in welfare programmes. Majority of respondents (57.5- 77.5%) used the radio and T.V. sometimes i.e. (1-4 times in a week). More than half of the respondents had never used newspaper (55%) and magazines (70%). B. Readability of the pamphlets 1. Readability of the pamphlets was measured by fog index value. The pamphlet “Stain-removal” was difficult among four pamphlets where the fog index values was higher i.e. 3.6. In the pamphlets “Repair and renovation of clothes”. “washing of clothes” AND “Storage of clothes” the fog index value was 3.5, 3.4 and 3.4 respectively. Readability increased with decreased fog index value.

3 2. The readability index was measured on 3 point continuum, as easy, some what difficult and very difficult. Majority of the respondents (60-67.5%) found the three pamphlets i.e. “Repair and renovation of clothes”. “Washing of clothes” and “Storage of clothes” as easy. About 25-35 per cent women found these three pamphlets some what difficult. The pamphlet “Stain removal” was found easy by 47.5 per cent women and somewhat difficult by 45 per cent women. Few women (5-7.5%) found all the pamphlets very difficult except “Storage of clothes. 3. Fluency in reading was measured on 3 point continuum as fluent, slow and very slow. Majority of the respondents (47.5 – 57.5%) were fluent in reading all the pamphlets followed by 32.5-42.5 per cent respondents who were slow in reading. 4. The overall mean scores obtained by the respondents for the readability of pamphlet were near to maximum score in all the four pamphlets. Majority of respondents (60-75%) were in the category of above obtained mean score. C. Comprehension of the pamphlets i) The overall mean scores obtained by the respondents for comprehension of pamphlets were near to maximum score in all the pamphlets. Majority of the respondents (60-70%) were in the category of above obtained mean score. ii) Respondents were able to understand the title of all the 4 pamphlets, except “Repair and renovation of clothes”. But after reading the pamphlet, respondents were able to comprehend the title. iii) Out of 28 illustrations 21 illustrations were understood by all the respondents (1000%). iv) For the content comprehension, a number of messages were identified in each pamphlet. (a) In the pamphlet “Repair and renovation of clothes”, out of 3 messages 2 were understood by all the women (100%). These messages were “Before washing, clothes should be repaired” and “stain should be removed, before washing of clothes”. Only one message “Torned/ damaged clothes can be reused by making small garments, dari, coat cover, carpet decoration articles, covers for box and fan” was comprehended by 70 per cent women. (b) From 9 messages in the pamphlet “Stain removal” six messages were understood by more than 80 per cent women. These were “stains should be removed with plain water as soon as cloth is stained”, “Tea stain should be removed from steam of boiling water”, “Turmeric stain can be removed with soap and drying in sun”, “Grass stain is removed with alcohol and spirit”, “Ink stain can be removed by rubbing salt and lemon” and “Beetle stain can be

4 removed by rubbing raw potato. The three messages i.e. “Stained place should be rubbed form outer edges to inner edges”, “Oil stain can be removed by keeping stained cloth in two folds of blotting paper/newspaper and ironing it” and “Varnish stain can be removed with alcohol and spirit” were also understood by more than 40 per cent women. (c) In the pamphlet, washing of clothes there were 10 messages. All the message were understood by more than 75 per cent women except on message. The messages understood were “White and coloured clothes should be washed separately”, “Cotton, silk and woolen should be washed separately”, “Coloured clothes should be dipped in salted water or colour fix for sometime”, “Clothes should not be washed with beater”, “Woollens should be washed with light pressure by hand”, “White clothes should be properly dipped in blue solution”, “Silk and coloured clothes should be dried in shadow”, “Woollens should be dried on flat surface” and “Cloth should be ironed according to their nature. The message of “Woollens should be washed with soft detergent or liquid soap in warm water was understood by 60 per cent women. (d) From 8 key messages in the pamphlet “Storage of clothes”, 6 messages were understood by more than 80 per cent women. The messages were Heavy/Fancy/Costly clothes should be given special care”, “Clothes to be stored, should always be clean”, “Before keeping the clothes for long time, clothes should be spread in air for some time to remove moisture”, “D.D.T., neem leaves and nepthelene balls can be used for sage storage of clothes”. “Box should be tightly closed” and “After rainy season all stored clothes should be put in air for some time”. The other two messages i.e. “Heavy/Jari clothes should be folded from wrong side” and ‘After some duration change the place of fold in jari clothes” were also understood by 67.5 per cent and 72.5 per cent women respectively.

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Abstract Title of Research Indigenous Knowledge system of child health and care (0-2 years) prevalent in the rural areas of Bikaner district. Name of Student Kavita jain Name of major Advisor Dr. Pushpa Gupta Year 2000

The study was and attempt to explore indigenous knowledge and practices of rural women with respect to child health and care. The major findings of the study revealed the various traditional aspects of care of child, breast feeding, weaning, supplementary feeding and child health. Traditional, rural mothers given bath to new born with luke warm water, just after delivery was considered scientific by the experts and wrapped in an unstitched old cotton clothes which was considered unscientific by majority of the experts. Baby is made to sleep straight i.e. on his back was considered scientific by half of the experts but they recommended side sleep also. Baby is massaged in closed place with the use of mustard oil, ghee, dough of wheat flour (wheat flour, turmeric powder, oil), coconut oil etc. which was considered scientific by majority of the experts. For bathing the baby in closed place with the use of multani mitti, basan, curd and butter milk for proper cleaning was considered scientific by half of the experts. Some prelecteral feed is given to baby for cleaning of intestine like, decoction of dana methi, ajwain, chandli leaves or mashed jaggery etc. was considered unscientific by half of the experts (pidiatricians). Breast feeding is started 8-10 hours after birth. Along with breast feeding cow/goat milk equally diluted with water is fed to baby when mother’s milk is insufficient. This practice was considered scientific by all the experts. For weaning, mostly mothers applied the paste of neem leaves, salt, tumbo juice etc. on the breast. This was considered as safe and scientific practice by the experts. Further in the study the various traditional hoe treatments followed during the various common ailments in baby were found out. Like, for fever the decoction of tulsi leaves, jaiphal, javitri, harad, supari was given which had scientific validity. For cold/cough baby is given brahmi tablet, mixed in breast milk was considered scientific by Ayurvedic experts. During vomiting syrup of lavang and sugar or ground black pepper, pudina lemon juice is given and it was suggested for further research by experts. To relieve stomachache, baby is given powder of ajwain with black salt or tumba medicine (tumba, salt, ajwain, danamethi) were considered scientific by majority of the experts.

6 In case of wound various traditional ointments/pastes were applied i.e. neem, kikar, tie the paper of bidi’s bundle etc. were recommended for further research by the experts. On burn various materials like paste of mehandi, ink, potato, butter milk/curd, coconut oil, pure ghee etc. were applied and these practices were considered unscientific by majority of the experts. To cure measles, decoction of tulsi leaves and brahmi tablet was used, which was suggested for further research by most of the experts. In case of jaundice, curd, butter milk, roasted jeera, rice, jaggery were given, which was considered scientific mostly by Ayurvedic experts. The study thus reveals that in rural areas most of the practices and traditions followed have got scientific rationality and validity and can be recommended for further use by the community.

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Abstract

Title of Research Traditional dietary practices of tribals during pregnancy and lactation Name of Student Preeti Talesra Name of major Advisor Dr. Pushpa Gupta Year 2000

Every social system has a rich storehouse of knowledge based on sound beliefs, norms and culture of the society. The present study was undertaken to explore the traditional dietary practices of tribals during pregnancy and lactation. The major findings of the study reveal the various traditional aspects of pregnancy, lactation, prelacteral feeding, breast feeding and supplementary feedings. Normal diet was consumed by women during pregnancy especially wheat/maize chapatti, raab (maize + butter milk) and buttermilk. Milk, curd, ghee, oil, rice, potato, cauliflower, jaggery and tea were avoided during pregnancy with the reason that these foods harm the child and the mother. This practice was considered unscientific by majority of the experts as all these foods are good source of nutrients so should be taken. Semi liquid wheat dalia and moong dal (thulli) with ghee and cow’s goat’s milk was given to mother after child birth for 10-15 days. After 10 days of child birth, chapatti with good amount of ghee and without salt was started. Majority of the experts considered it as scientific as these foods are easy to digest and nutritive. For first three days of child birth every morning, mother was given one two glasses of jaggery water and mixture of ground Ajwain, ghee and jaggery. Majority of the experts considered this practice as scientific with the reasoning that it helps in cleaning of uterus and combating blood loss. Gud rabid, turmeric powder, Ajwain laddoo, Sonth laddoo and Gond laddoo were given to mother from 4th day onwards for next 15 days to regain lost strength. This practice was ranked scientific by majority of the experts. During the period when special preparation were taken, the women was not allowed to go out in open air and avoid taking both for 7 days. There is a fear that laddoo become ineffective if precautions are not taken and women may get ill. Majority of the experts considered this practice as unscientific. Raab, buttermilk and spices were avoided during lactation. Half of the experts ranked this practice as uncertain. To increase mother’s breast milk, foods given were Ajwain (one teaspoon), crushed flower of mango tree which doesn’t grow into fruit and mixed with water, and special laddoos like Ajwain laddoo, Gond laddoo and Sonth laddoo. Majority of the experts agree that Ajwain increase breast milk while the other special preparations given to increase breast milk was considered uncertain. By tradition, colostrum was discarded and breast feeding was started after 2-3 days. This practice was judged unscientific by all the experts. In the tribes, traditionally breast milk has been the main source of nutrition to infants and even to children upto one

8 and a half years of age. There was no fixed schedule of breast feeding. Depending upon work load and whenever child demands it was given. Experts judged this practice as scientific but recommended that supplementary foods should be started along with breast milk from the 4-6 months onwards. Customarily, prelacteral feeds given to baby were jaggery water and liquid mixture of donkey’s dung, water, jaggery, Ajwain and ghee. Experts considered this practice as unscientific as they believed that breast milk is best for baby. Supplementary feeding was started after one year and foods given where chapatti mashed in cow’s/goat’s milk, ghee and raab. This practice was considered unscientific by all the experts. Traditionally foods avoided for baby during first 12 month were sour foods (curd raab), spices and chapatti. The experts had mixed opinion about this practice, so it is not possible to give clear verdict on this practice. A number of traditional practices during pregnancy, lactation and infancy among tribals of Udaipur region have been explored and some of them has been considered scientific while many practices were recommended for further research. The practices which have been considered scientific should be promoted.

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Abstract Title of Research Information Empowerment of Rural Women in Selected Legislative Provisions Research Scholar

Name of Student Rajpriya Dhupper Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2001

The investigation aimed to study the exciting knowledge and identify the training needs of rural women in selected legislative provision, develop information building programme on the basis of identified training needs and study its impact on empowerment in terms of knowledge gain and retention. The study was conducted in pre-posiviling selected Badgaon Panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district. One group pre and post experimental design was used. Existing knowledge was assessed from the initial sample of 60 women. The Information Building Programme was developed on the basis of assessed training needs and delivered to a sub sample of 30 rural women in the three days. The legislative provisions included in the study were Hindu Marriage Act, Widow Remarriage Act, Divorce Act, Child Marriage (Restraint) Act. Act for valiance against women, Dowry Prohibition Act, Hindu Succession Act, Immoral Traffic (Prrention) Act, Hindu Maintenance Act and Maternity Benefit Act. Findings of the study indicated that all the respondents knew that our constitution was guaranteed gone legal rights pertaining to women’s welfare but they had prove knowledge with respect to different aspects of selected legal lans which is revealed by low mean percent knowledge scenes ranging from 0-16. all the selected laws and their different aspects were identified as training needs.The information building programme was used for information empowerment of rural women. The impact was assessed in terms of knowledge gain and retention. The gain and retention by the respondents in all the selected acts was found to be highly significant which indicates the effectiveness of Information Building Programme in information empowerment of rural women in selected legislative provisions.

10

Abstract

Information Empowerment of Rural Adolescent Girls in Title of Research Selected Services of "Kishore Balika Yojana" Name of Student Ruchi Kulshreshtha Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2002

The objectives of the present investigation were to assess & compare knowledge of rural adolescent participant and non-participant girls in selected services of K.B.Y., to study usefulness of the programme as perceived by adolescent girls and their expectation from it and to study factors affecting knowledge of rural adolescent girls in selected services of K.B. Y, that is personal and socio-economic status and mass media exposure.The study was conducted at purposively selected Bikaner Panchayat Samiti (P.S.) of Bikaner district from the P.S. five villages (three with K.B.Y. and two without K.B. Y.) service selected randomly.A sample of 100 rural adolescent girls (50 participants and 50 non-participants) vi as selected. The data were collected through interview technique and analyzed by using frequency, percentage, MPS, 'Z1 test, analysis of variance & 't' test.

The major findings of the study were as under: -The Majority of the participants and non- participants were from elder age group, belonged to schedule caste and were able to were their name only. Approximately equal number of participants were married and belonged to large and joint family and had medium SES & Low Mass media exposure. Comparative knowledge of participants and non-participants.

(a) Non formal Education (Literacy)

Participants had better performance with higher MPS than non-participants in the three R's i.e. reading, writing and Numeracy. A significant difference was found in the overall knowledge of participants and non-participants in reading and writing skill and non- significant difference was found in numeracy skill.

(b) Health-Hygiene

Participants had good knowledge with increased MPS in the aspects personal hygiene, water sanitation, food hygiene, environmental hygiene followed by average knowledge in physical change and menstruation on the other hands the too participants were in average knowledge category in the same aspects regarding immunization majority of the non

11 participants were in the poor knowledge category. The overall knowledge of participants and non participants compared in the various aspects of health hygiene the different was found to be significant. Participants as well as non participant had no knowledge about aids.

(a) Nutrition Education

No knowledge was found among the participants as well as non-participants regarding the service nutrition education.

(b) Marriage age and its relation with motherhood

Majority of the participants possessed good knowledge with higher MPS in information related to marriage age, delivery and family planning while in pregnancy related matter they possessed poor knowledge. The non participants had good knowledge about family planning followed by average knowledge regarding marriage age information. Non participants had poor knowledge in pregnancy and delivery matters. The statistical analysis revealed the significant difference and delivery matters. the statistical analysis revealed the significant different in the knowledge of the participants and non- participants in marriage age and delivery while non-significant different in pregnancy related matters and family planning.

(C) Usefulness and expectation of K.B.Y. as perceived by rural adolescent

Regarding the expectation from various services majority desired that literacy classes should be regularly, provision of study material free of cost, doctor should visit center regularly, provision of free treatment and tablets, organization of film shows related to marriage age and its relation with motherhood and parents should be educated about the consequences of early marriage.

(D) Association of Factors with the knowledge of participants rural adolescent girls.

Significant association was found with the age, family size, marital status and S.E.S. with the knowledge of rural adolescent girls in the service non-formal education (literacy) hea.th-hygiene and marriage age and its relation with motherhood of K.B.Y. Knowledge of respondents in non-formal education and health-hygiene was found to be significantly associated with the family type and mass-media exposure and non-significant association with the caste. Regarding marriage age and its relation with motherhood non-significant association with the family type and mass-media exposure while significant association was found with caste & the knowledge of respondents.

12

Abstract

Knowledge of Women Panchayat Members about Title of Research functionaning of Panchayat Name of Student Priyanka Chouhan Name of major Advisor Dr Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2002

The objectives of the present study were to study the personal profile of the women members of panchayat, the knowledge of the women panchayat members about function of panchayat, achievements made by them for development of their village and A find out problems faced by them. The study was conducted purposively selected Bikaner panchayat samiti of Bikaner district. A sample of 113 women panchayat members (100 ward panches and 13 sarpanches) was selected randomly. Interview technique was used for collection of data.

Findings of the study indicate that majority of the respondents were the age group of 30- 45 years and illiterate belonged to scheduled and prestigious castes having cultivation as their family occupation. Most of the respondents belonged to nuclear and big families and had no social participation. Study further revealed, that majority of the women panchayat members had poor knowledge about composition, formation and functioning of panchayat which is indicated from mean percent knowledge score ranging from 21.59 to 34.42 percent. Majority of the respondents made efforts for the construction of water tank, community tap and roads but the achievements were comparatively low. Efforts were also made by some respondents for the construction of school building and boundary wails, water tank for animals and establishment of anganbadi, Mahila Mandal and construction of buildings for them but only few of them were successful in their efforts.Majority of the respondents mentioned problems like no consociation on different proposals, compulsion to sign approved proposal, monopoly of the male members in decision making and lack of Information about financial matters.

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Abstract Title of Research "Evaluation of vermiculture technology transfer programme among rural women in terms of knowledge and adoption" Name of Student Preeti Kaur Name of major Advisor Dr Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2002

The objectives of the study were, to study the knowledge of the rural women about vermiculture technology, level of adoption of vermi-composting among rural women, categories of adopters and their characteristics, benefits of vermi-culture technology as perceived by rural women and problems faced by them in the use of vermi-composting.The study was conducted in Navalgarh Panchayat Samiti of Jhunjhunu district. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 respondents from the villages of Navalgarh Panchyat Samiti. Interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage, mean per cent score and standard deviation were used for the analysis of data. The results of the study indicates that half of the respondents were in the age group of 30-45 years and illiterate, belonged to lower caste, having agriculture as their main occupation. More than half of the respondents belonged to nuclear families. Majority of the respondents were member of one organization and all of them received training regarding vermiculture technology.Findings of the study revealed, that all the respondents had good knowledge about vermiculture technology which is indicated from mean per cent knowledge score (85.04). All the respondents have adopted the vermiculture technology to a medium extent with the mean per cent score of 53.75 per cent.Two third of the respondents were classified in the category of early majority whereas 15 per cent respondents were in the category of late majority, while 19 per cent respondents were the laggards. None of them were found to be innovator and early adopter. The different socio-personal characteristics of the respondents were not found to be related with their adoption behaviour. Results with respects to the benefits of vermiculture technology as perceived by rural women revealed that majority of them perceived the multiple benefits of using vermi-compost in soil, in crops and the facility of storing the vermi-compost for future and its use as an income generating source.Study of problems faced by the respondents revealed that lack of technical guidance, scarcity of water, technique being time consuming which require too much care and maintenance were the main problems.

14

Abstract

Impact of Training on Rural Women In Terms of Gain In Title of Research Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Attributes of Animal Husbandry Technologies Name of Student Mamta Saini Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Singhal Year 2002

Animal husbandry is the domain of women. Rural women spend many hours a week in the care of livestock herds, milking of animals and processing of milk. The multifarious responsibilities performed, make the life of rural women full of drudgery. Desired changes in their life could be brought about by the use and application of improved animal husbandry technologies. In NATP project special stress has been given on disseminating animal husbandry technologies to rural women through training and technological intervention. The present study was undertaken to find out the impact of trainings on rural women in terms of gain in knowledge, attitude and perceived attributes of technologies transferred under NATP project through trainings.

The study was conducted in the operational area of NATP project i.e. Girwa and Badgaon Panchayat Samities, district Udaipur. The sample consisted of 230 rural women, out of which 200 women were there in experimental group while 30 women in control group. This was a randomized two groups pre and post test research design, For collection of data interview schedule developed under NATP (2001) and AICRP-HSEE (1996) were used. Frequency, percentage, mean weighted scores and correlation were employed to analyse the data.

The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents of both the experimental and control group belonged to the younger age group, were married and illiterate, had low socio-economic status. The participation of both control and experimental group played a predominant role in milking of animal, cleaning of cattles Aerf, fodder management, care of sick and pregnant animals and clean milk production related activities. They used traditional methods and tools in performing these activities which leads to drudgery and health hazards.

The overall knowledge of the respondents of both the groups before training was low but after training respondents of experimental group were equally distributed into medium

15 and high category of knowledge. Technology wise, the knowledge of respondents before training, was low except in rake, but after training, in post test, respondents of experimental group acquired good knowledge about different technologies i.e. improved milking method, manger, rake, shovel, wheel barrow and chaffcutter.A majority of respondents of both the groups had neutral attitude towards technologies before exposure. After training respondents of experimental group developed favourable attitude.Regarding perceived attributes findings revealed that in pre test, since the respondents did not have any idea about selected technologies, hence they could not perceive the attributes of those technologies. But in post test most of the attributes of technologies were mentioned by respondents of experimental group viz; utility of technologies over traditional method of working in terms of simplicity, compatible, easy to use and learning to use of technologies was not difficult affair etc.

With respect to relationship between selected independent and dependent variables findings revealed that age, socio-economic status, husband's education, wives education, family type, land holding, media ownership and livestock ownership were nonsignificantly related, while family size was significant and positively related with perceived attributes of respondents. Further nonsignificant relationship existed between all the dependent variables (knowledge, attitude and perceived attributes).

Findings of the study thus led to conclusion that, the trainings imparted under NATP has made significant impact in terms of change in knowledge, attitude and perceived attributes among respondents. For permanent impact there is a need to have continuous monitoring and feed back from rural women regarding technologies

16

Abstract

"Impact of Women Dairy Co-operative Societies on Income Title of Research Generation and Socio-Economic Profile of the Members" Name of Student Jyoti Kalra Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2002

The women dairy co-operative societies were organized with the prime objective of providing the women milk producers with an institution of their own, giving them an opportunity of earning income as well as decision making.

The present study was undertaken with the objectives, to study the structure and functioning, compare the socio-economic status of members and non-members, estimate the income generation and find out the constraints being faced by the members of women dairy co-operative societies. The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 respondents (50 members and 50 non- members) of women dairy co-operative societies. The officials of the "Udaipur Dugdh Utpadak Sahakari Sangh" at Udaipur were contacted to gather information related to structure and functioning of women dairy co-operative societies. Interview method was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage, mean percent scores paired 't'and paired 'z' test were employed for the analysis of data.

The results of the study revealed that in Udaipur district, there are 24 women dairy co- operative societies. The officials of the Udaipur Dugdh Utpadak Sahakari Sangh were entrusted with the responsibility of organising WDCSs, in vülages. All the selected WDCSs, were registered societies. Number of members in these societies ranged from 25 - 500. The secretary was assigned the responsibility to look after the routine activities of the society. All the WDCSs, constituted a management committee soon after their registration, consisting of 5 - 9 members and headed by a chairperson. This committee has the responsibility for governing and managing the affairs and business of registered society. The milk union provided different physical and fmancial resources, technical inputs, literature and teaching aids, and also organised different activities and programmes for the members of WDCSs.

17 The findings of the study indicated that majority of the respondents were illiterate, had agriculture as their main occupation and belonged to nuclear families. Most of them had their annual family income ranging from 20,000 - 40,000.

Results with respect to the income generation from dairy co-operative societies revealed that income of members increased with respect to the two time periods (before and after obtaining membership of dairy co-operative society). The income generated was found to be statistically highly significant. The average profit of members was found to be Rs. 308. Study of constraints faced by the members revealed that technical constraints were the major constraints followed by economic, infrastructural, personal and family constraints. Main constraints faced by members were shortage of water for green fodder production, non-availability of artificial insemination facilities in around the village, high cost of veterinary medicines, too costly/exotic/cross-bred animals. In order to have smooth functioning of women dairy co-operative societies the impediments need to be removed. There should be proper and timely supply of inputs and other facilities required by the members of the society.

18

Abstract Title of Research Employment Profile of Rural Women and Their Problems in Non-Farm Sector of Sardarshar, (District Churu) Name of Student Alka Bhojak Name of major Dr. Asha Singhal Advisor Year 2002

Development of family, society and ultimately the country depends upon the development of its female counterpart. Women are the indicator of society's progress prosperity. Besides the households task, women constitute a significant part of entire force mostly in informal sectors. While playing the role of wage earner along with the household chores their responsibilities and burden doubled and they have to exert themselves in between these twin roles which lead to face numerous problems.

Though the rural areas of Sardarshahr absorbed a large number of such working women, but a systematic data base in this particular area is lacking that could provide a suitable picture of profile of their employment. Therefore, the present study was purposively planned and undertaken to find the information regarding the employment profile of rural women of, reasons of their employment and problems faced by them. The study was conducted in eight villages of purposively selected Sardarshahr-Panchayat Samiti. The sample comprised of randomly selected 200 working women. Interview technique was used for collection of data. Frequency and percentages were calculated to analyze the data.

Major Findings

• Majority of respondents (54.5%) were in the middle age group married (64.5%), 'iterate (48%) and belonging to OBC caste, having a family income of Rs. 2000 : 5COO per month. Their children were in the age range of 6-12 year. They had a job experience of 5 to 10 years.

• Majority of respondents (52%) were engaged in independent occupation viz. tie-

19 die, stitching, flavored saunf making, papad rolling, flour mill worker and general store keeper etc.

• Respondent's own income ranged between Rs. 100 to 500 per month.

• Majority of workers were employed due to the economic pressures and to fulfill the basic needs of family followed by cruelty and bad habits of husband or a desire of being independent.

• While working the respondents faced various problems viz. related to childcare, related to job, personal and family problems, economic and social problems. 5 The main problems related to childcare were bringing children at their respective work places followed by tension between mates due to improper care of children. The other problems were fulfillment of dual responsibility of work place and family, lack of time for personal care, unhealthy attitude of members of family and society, economic problems viz. borrowing money for job/family, late/irregular wage payments.

Findings also reveal that major job related problems were insecurity of job and lack of facilities etc. To overcome these problems some remedies were suggested by the respondents like improvement in governmental policies, timely and increased payments of wages, Check over mediators and employers for exploitation etc. establishment of small scale industries like papad mill was also demanded by them. Lastly it could be said that in the rural areas of Sardarshahr mostly women were employed in independent occupation. So, it was recommended that more and "more, self employment avenues should be provided in order to promote self employment. Since the employment Sardarshahr district is of disorganized nature. Therefore is recommended that if self help group among women are formed, it would be more beneficial for employees to reduce their problem and more avenues of ce perspectives will be available. Besides this they will also be benefited by sound availability of loans. More over the women must be engaged in highly paid jobs skill augmentation and by training programmes.

20

Abstract Title of Research "Local Health Wisdom of Rural Women of District Jaisalmer"

Name of Student Arti Verma Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Singhal. Year 2002

Every society has a reservoir of local knowledge which is gained through day-to-day experience. In present day context, there is no systematic documentation of these traditional practices but some of them are in practice and are indicative of the fact that they have scientific rationality for development. The present study was undertaken with an objective to explore Local Health Wisdom prevalent in rural families.

The study was conducted in eight randomly selected villages of 'Jaisalmer' and 'Sam' panchayat samities (4 from each) of Jaisalmer district with 160 rural women above 40 years of age and 20 experts. The interview schedule and PRA with focused group discussion were used for data collection from respondents and questionnaire was used for scientific validation of identified traditional practices from experts. Frequency and percentage were used for analysis of data.

• The major findings of the study were as follows: • Various preventive measures were followed by rural women to avoid certain diseases which were ranked scientific by experts viz; • Avoiding h ai and cold drinks simultaneously in cold and cough. • Incorporating more liquids m diet so that constipation, diarrhea, dysentery and sunstroke don’t occur. • Bathing with neem leaves water to check skin disease. • Avoiding too much of spices, gas forming foods and over eating in jaundice, gastroenteritis, nausea and vomiting. • Drinking clean water to check abdominal pain and keeping the environment clean to prevent malaria. • Doing work cautiously as a safeguard against cuts and burns. • Regular physical work to impede muscular pain.

21 • Protecting the body from cold to restrain fever and pneumonia. • As traditional treatment various ingredients were used and given to the sufferer either in decoction or powder form• which were having scientific validity. These were: • Ukaali of ingredients like clove, black pepper, jaiphal, ginger, corriander, tulsi in cold and cough, malaria, pneumonia, fever, headache. • Bajra, peelu, neem, dhamasa, khejadi, maroda phali as effective herbs during cold and cough, dysentery, malaria, pneumonia, skin disease, measles. • Isab, paneer, afeem, nimbu, pudina being effective in diarrhoea, dysentery, constipation, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and sunstroke. • Kitchen too is a store house of ingredients used for treatment of diseases. Haldi, dania methi, elaychi, saunf, iinalee etc. were used in nausea and vomiting, gastric problem fracture, niinor cuts and burns, snake bite and headache etc. • Use of nosadar, harad, kesar, kamal doda cured constipaíion, abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting. • Some of the practices which were considered unscientific/uncertain by the experts were as follows : • Use of modeshi root in malaria and chandali in cold and cough. • Cham grass in muscular pain and kikar in skin disease. • Paneer in gastric problem and abdominal pain. • Gaíhia grass and sewan grass in rheumatism. • Bui in cuts and burns.

Some of the funny practices followed by the respondents, which too were judged unscientific and should be stopped for further use are as follows:

• Tieing aak root in jaundice. • Eating grounded houseflies in pneumonia. • Taking bath with water kept in earthen pots in fever. • Applying asalia seeds, ink; nail polish etc. in fracture, cuts and bums. • Drinking boiled and cooled water of wasp house in nausea and vomiting. • Massaging with various oils/milk in rheumatism and muscular pain. • Keeping onion in pocket in sunstroke. • Having blind faith in bhopa and devi devatas during the diseases measies, and pneumonia.

The study thus reveals that in rural areas most of the traditional practices have got some scientific validity and can be further recommended while, rest of the practices regarding which uncertainty exists need further research.

22

Abstract Title of Research Assessment of Knowledge and Use of Selected Food and Nutrition Technologies among Rural Women. Name of Student Anuradha Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2003

The present study was undertaken to find out the knowledge and use of selected food and nutrition technologies among rural women along with problems faced and factors affecting the knowledge and use of the technologies by rural women.

• A study was conducted in Hanumangarh Panchayat Samiti of Hanumangarh district. The four villages namely Manakasar, Nagrana, Lilawali and Satipura were included in the study. The sample consisted of 100 rural women. Interview schedule was developed and used for data collection. • Findings of the study reveals that the majority of the respondents belonged to upto 35 years age group (38%), were illiterate (70%), had farming as main occupation (100%), and were from medium socio economic status (97%). • The overall knowledge of respondents reveals that the respondents had average knowledge in all the technologies i.e. balanced diet, dietary care of pregnant and lactating mother, poshak, preservation techniques, safe drinking water except in case of conservation of nutrients where respondents had high knowledge. • In case of use of selected technologies safe drinking water technology was used to high extent while conservation of nutrients and preservation techniques were used upto medium extent and low extent of use was found, in case of balance diet, dietary care of pregnant and lactating mother and poshak technologies. • Findings of the study with respect to the problems faced by the respondents reveals that respondents had lack of knowledge regarding selected food and nutrition technologies and their aspects along with certain misconceptions. • Further a non-significant relations was found with the knowledge and use of selected food and nutrition technologies with age, education, SES, mass media exposure and communication behaviour. • It was concluded that the rural women have lack of knowledge and limited use of selected food and nutrition technologies.

23

Abstract

Traditional Dietary Practices Followed During Pregnancy and Title of Research Lactation By Gaddi Tribe in Kangra District (Himachal Pradesh)".

Name of Student Bindiya Sharma Name of major Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Advisor Year 2003

The study was undertaken with an objective to explore the traditional dietary practices of tribals during pregnancy and lactation. It was conducted in four tribal dominating villages of 'Bhawarana' Panchayat Samiti of Kangra district (Himachal Pradesh) with 100 married women above 40 years of age. Interview schedule was used to collect data from women and the scientific validation of traditional practices was done by literature and with experts by using questionnaire method. Major Findings:

Majority of the respondents belonged to 40-50 years of age group (41%), illiterate (100%), had farming as main occupation (75%) and were from medium socio-economic status (52%). Scientific£ traditional dietary practices are :

• Pregnancy suspected on women's strong desires for particular foods.

• Serving of additional amount of milk, meat, eggs, dates and kadha along with normal diet. Avoiding raw rice, gur, curd /lassi.

• Foods given during complications in pregnancy were:

3.1 Morning sickness: Apple jam, lemoíi water, orange, tamarind.juice, curd / lassi, onion and mint juice, churan and Amla powder in milk.

3.2 Constipation: Saag/ Harad / moong dal

3.3 Anaemia : Meat /eggs

24 3.4 Stomachache : Ajwain /pateesh/jeera /methi. 3.5Fever and Headache: Special tea 3.6Backache : roasted sonth 3.7Cold and cough : Mild kadha.

1. If due date exceeds / on starting of labour pains special strong kadha + ghee /boiled milk +ghee was given.

2. Foods given to mother :

5.1 Immediately after delivery - boiled milk + ghee / nutmeg or methi in hot ghee.

5.2 Boiled milk, Khertu + ghee, gingha and Gharlani + ghee during first 21 days followed by Bal ladoo upto 3 months.

5.3 From 15th day onwards serving family diet and khichri.

5.4 To check excessive / prolonged bleeding - Bal ladoo and boiled milk + gonds.

5.5 Foods avoided were chillies, urad dal, gaseous foods, salt and meat upto 3

months.

5.6 After 3 months give Dalia/Palda/Rice, Roti/Fish was given to increase milk production.

3. Breast feeding followed upto 2J/2 years.

4. To cure infant health problems foods given were

7.1 Pinworms - Juice of bitt^r guard leaves / roasted asafoetida.

7.2 Diarrhoea - Extract of rarda + nutmeg + bariyan/ Bahera. "

7.3 Jaundice - Extract of castor leaves / carrot or raddish juice / curd.

7.4 Fever and Cold - Boiled juice of cardamom + banafasa.

Unscientific Traditional Dietary Practices are:

1. During pregnancy avoiding ghee, eggs and sour foods.

2. Giving milk / ghee to cure anaemia and avoiding poíato / rice / ra}dish during swelling on limbs.

Uncertain or Traditional Dietary Practices needing furíher research:

25 Contradiction between experts opinion and literature places the traditional practice under uncertainty which needs to be further explored / researched.

1. Tying the lower abdomen and feeding wheat sheera to vandhya lady for conception.

2. Avoiding groundnut, walnut, dried coconut, maize roti, almonds / cream of milk / fatty foods (fried).

3. Foods given during :

3.1 Morning sickness - darmashtik / lugdi.

3.2 Constipation - ajwain / sanai leaves / kadha.

3.3 Swelling on límbs - boiled akashbel water to drink or massaging / giving kadha / massaging withJieated alsi oil -f banah + ghandla.

3.4 Backache - methi doodh / chora.

3.5 Cold and cough - bengal gram soup.

4. Giving brandy + hot ghee in standing position immediately aíïer delivery.

5. To check excessive / prolonged bleeding - gingha / moong dal halwa / sheera / dried coconut and hoí ghee -f- sugar were given.

6. Breast feeding started from 2nd or 3'd day afíer delivery.

7. To increase milk secretion after 3 months powdered earth worms were g iven.

8. In infant health problems foods given were

8.1 Diarrhoea - boiled mother's milk with cardamom + ajwain + jaiphal /Jeevan ghutti

8.2 Fever and Cold - extract of Bariyan / Kasturi patra.

8.3 Jaundice - milk + few drops of lemon.

26

Abstract

Knowledge and adoption of organic manuring among the rural Title of Research women of Jhunjhunu district"

Name of Student Kalawati Name of major Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Advisor Year 2003

The objective of the present study were, to study the knowledge of rural women about organic maturing, adoption of organic maturing by the rural women and problems faced by rural women in the use of organic maturing. The study was conducted in Navalgarh Panchayat Samiti of district. The simple consisted of randomly selected 100 respondents from the villages of Navalgarh Panchayat Samiti. Interview method was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage and mean percent score were used for the analysis of data.

The results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents were above 30 years of age, belonged to backward caste and nuclear famílies, had agriculture as their main occupation and were not member in any organisation. Finding of the study revealed, that all the respondent had good knowledge about compost with 83.96 M. P. S. This was followed by FYM where majority of respondents (63 %) were in good knowledge category with 66. IS M.P.S. In case of green maturing and biofertilizer majority of respondents was in average a knowledge category with 49 M.P.S. Overall M.P.S. of the respondents about organic manure was found to be 71.94 which indicated satisfactory knowledge among the respondents. Regarding adoption of organic manure majority of the respondents (80%) were in high adoption category in vermicompost closely followed by compost (70 %) with 70 and 62 M.P.S. respectively. In case of FYM. 55 percent and 45 percent respondents were in medium and high adoption category respectively with 64.28 M.P.S. regarding green manure. Less than half of the respondents were in the category of high adoption (44 %) and no adoption'(40%) with 38.95 M.P.S. About two third respondents (63%) were high adopter of biofertiliser with 58.37 M.P.S. All the respondents have adopted the organic maturing to a medium extent with the mean percent adoption, lack of cow dung, non-availability of biofertilizer in nearby market and

27 increased weeds in field due to FYM were the main problems in adoption of organic maturing.

Abstract

Awareness and utilization of farm and homestead Title of Research technologies by rural women of Sri Ganganagar district Name of Student Poonam Malhotra Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Singhal Year 2003

The present investigation aims to study the awareness and use of farm and homestead technologies, advantages and constraints perceived and effect of socio-personal variables on awareness of rural women of developed and underdeveloped villages. The study was conducted in four purposively selected villages (2 developed and 2 underdeveloped villages) of Sri Ganganagar district. The total sample of the study included 120 rural women i.e. 30 from each village purposively selected. Interview schedule was constructed for collecting the data which included the background information of the respondents, their extent of awareness and use of farm and homestead technologies. Frequency percentage, mean weighted scores, z-test and analysis of variance were computed for the analysis of data.Findings of the study indicated that majority of the total respondents belonged to 31-40 years, were illiterates and had farming as their main occupation. The respondents of developed villages had medium and high socio-economic status while in underdeveloped villages maximum respondents had low socio-economic status.In general there was not much difference in the awareness and use of technologies by the rural women of developed and underdeveloped villages. In case of farm technology majority of the respondents were awarded about most of the selected farm technologies viz. rake; shovel. Improved sickle, chaff cutter, sprayer and dutch hoe weeder, bund former and multi crop thresher, while in underdeveloped villages awareness of the respondents about some of these technologies viz. bund former and multi crop thresher was comparatively less. Regarding homestead technologies, most of the technologies viz. double cloth layer filter, use of alum, handle lootia, improved grain storage structure, gas chulha, lemon squeezer, butter churner, pressure cooker, electrical! mixer grinder, manual and electrical juicer and grater were known to a good number of respondents of developed villages and slightly less number of respondents of underdeveloped villages.Findings of the study with respect to the advantages and constraints of both farm and homestead technologies reveals that majority of rural women of developed villages perceived the múltiple benefits of using these technologies whereas in underdeveloped villages somewhat few respondents reported about some benefits. Regarding constraints few respondents of both the villages reported about the difficulty of using the technologies because of their limited use.Further the findings of the study revealed that the various socio personal variables might not effect the awareness of respondents about farm technologies while in case of homestead technologies the awareness of the respondents might be effected by their waste and education. It

28 can be thus concluded that the women had awareness about both farm and homestead technologies but their use was limited. Therefore it can be recommended to reinforced those NGO's who may give training to woman.

ABSTRACT

Title of Research Traditional Infant Health Care Practices Prevalent in the Tribal Areas of Hazaribag District. Name of Student Ragini Sinha Name of major Advisor Dr Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2004

The study was undertaken with an objective to explore the traditional infant health care practices prevalent in the tribal area as of Hazaribag district (Jharkhand). It was conducted in four tribal dominating villages of 'Barkatha' block of Hazaribag district with 100 tribal women selected randomly. Interview schedule was used to collect data regarding traditional infant health care practices which were scientifically validated by the experts from Home Science and Ayurveda. The Major Findings of the study : Majority of the respondents belonged to 20-40 years of age group (55%), illiterate (100%), were mainly farm labourers (48%) and were from low socio-economic status (72%)

29 Scientific traditional infant health care practices : • Pressing the abdomen softly during child birth for easy delivery. • After delivery tying thread to the umblical cord at 2½ inch (four finger distance) from naval of the newborn and cutting it with newblade. • First bath to the newborn with lukewarm water. • Massaging the newborn till six month, three times a day, with mustard oil containing jaiphal, hing, garlic, aitha-jotha (Helicterus isora), jawain (fabacea) by a trained dai. • Giving cow/goat milk along with breast feed in proportion with water in 1:1 ratio if mother's milk is not sufficient. • Giving preparations like papaya halwa, sabudana cooked in milk, green leafy vegetable, mung dal, massor dal, jungali akhroat powder, khichadi, rice with ghee, chapati with jaggery, buffalow milk for increasing milk secretion of mother. • Giving supplementary feed to the infants like dal water, cooked rice water, soft rice, cooked banana, halwa (besan, suji, sabudana), mashed potatoes, spinach juice, chapati mashed in dal. • Massaging infant body with jaiphal burnt in mustard oil for curing cold and cough. • In fever giving decoction of choti elaichi, black pepper, ajwain, black salt, tulsi and neem.

• For curing diarrhoea giving mishri dissolved in ajwain water. • For checking vomiting giving powder of choti elaichi mixed with honey. • For checking burn applying ash of Shakotak tree bark (Streblus asper) mixed with coconut oil. • For curing insect bite applying lemon juice. Rubbing iron on place of bite. • For curing jaundice giving drink like water melon juice. • For curing measles giving decoction of tulsi leaves, spreading neem on bed and exposing patient to sandal wood smoke.

• Unscientific Traditional Infant Health Care Practices. • Use of rice coat powder and burnt wood ash for wiping out remnants of amniotic fluid from newborn's body. • Keeping the newborn and mother for six days in a room with minimum ventilation and light. • Starting breast feeding 6-10 hours after birth or after one day. • Use of red soil for healing burn.

30 • Uncertain Traditional Infant Health Care Practices. • Massaging breast with cow dung ash for increasing milk secretion of mother. • Giving tadi (a wine) prepared from rice kept for longer time as a supplementary feed to the infant. • For curing cold and cough keeping the mixture of Gawar-patha (aloe-vera), jaiphal and Ganja ash mixed with mustard oil on head of infant. • To bring down temperature, keeping cotton cloth dipped in mother milk or goat milk on naval and head of infant. • For curing diarrhoea in infant giving jadibooti 'Batisha' • For curing vomiting in infants giving burnt suhaga mixed with honey and powder dried date seed. • For curing constipation in infant giving ash of suhaga mixed with milk, giving preparations of rice floor or maize floor to lactating mother, massaging stomach with cow dung cake ash. • For curing stomach-ache exposing infant stomach to the burning ajwain smoke. • On burn applying egg white and practice of using excreta of goat powdered and strained through cloth. • For easy teething the practice of using 'Roomi-Mastagi" (Sc Pistacia lentisius). • To cure insect bite the practice of rubbing tamarind seed on place of bite. • For curing jaundice, the practice of massaging whole body of infant with mustard oil. • For curing measles in infant the practice of allowing soaked bengal gram water strained through cloth to fall on infant's head.

Abstract

Technological Needs of Farm Women in Vegetable Title of Research Cultivation in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh

31 Name of Student Bhavya Manjiri Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhri Solanki Year 2004

The objective of the present study were, to study extent of participation of farm women in vegetable cultivation, knowledge of the respondents regarding improved vegetable cultivation practices and to identify technological needs of farm women in vegetable cultivation.

The study was conducted in Machavaram mandal of Guntur district of Andhra pradesh. The ample consisted of randomly selected 100 respondents from the villages of Machavaram mandal. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage and mean per cent score were used for analysis of data.The results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents (50%) were below 30 years of age, belonged to reserved caste categories (73%), nuclear families (79%), had vegetable cultivation as their main occupation (100%) and had land holding up to 1 hectare.

Findings of the study revealed, that majority of the respondents (60-90%) were involved in almost all the activities of vegetable cultivation either independently or jointly with male members the family however, their participation was found to be less in activities like seed selection, irrigation, procurement of inputs and plant protection. Component- wise knowledge indicates that in the crops (okra and cucumber) the respondents had good knowledge only in one component i.e harvesting (75-76 MPS) however, in rest of the components the mean score was less than 33 per csssl The respondents scored lowest in the component plant protection measures (7.53-9.06 MPS) followed by irrigation (18.2- 21.5 MPS), weeding (21.66-22 MPS), manure and fertilizer application I -MS-30.4 MPS), seed and sowing (25.3-26.54 MPS) and soil and field preparation (30.5-32 MPS). A made technological gap of 76.68 and 77.89 per cent was observed incase of okra and cucumber crops. respectively. Component-wise knowledge gap highlights that except harvesting, the knowledge gap in other components ranges from 68 to91 per cent.

Abstract

Knowledge and use of technologies in selected food Title of Research processing, activities in rural areas of Dausa district.

32 Name of Student Anamika Sharma Name of major Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Advisor Year 2004

The present study was undertaken lo find out knowledge and use of technologies by rural women in selected food processing activities along with their participation in selected food processing activities and problems experienced in the use of technologies.The study was conducted in purposively selected Mahwa Panchayat Samiti of Dausa district, Rajasthan. From Mahwa panchayat sainiíi four villages namely Mahwa. Amolak Nagar, Rasidpur and Rothadia were selected randomly. The total sample of the study included 100 rural women i.e. 25 from each selected village. Interview schedule was developed and used for data collection. Frequency, percentage and rnean percent scores were computed for analysis of data.

Major findings of the study:

Findings of the study presents that majority of respondents belonged to 3 1-45 years of age group, illiterate and had agriculture as their main occupation and were from low socio-economic status. The overall participation of rural women in selected food processing activities reveals that maximum participation was in flour & dalia and badi making followed by participation in common tasks of cereal and pulse processing i.e. purchasing of raw material, cleaning and driving of cereal and pulse. In se va i making rural women participation was average while in besan and papad making participation was less. About food processing technologies, majority of rural women had good knowledge about sibatta, electric chakki. hand chakki. daíla (small hand chakki), harnamdasta, chakla, okhali. mixer. .sevai machinc and belani. About ihc technol(\uy nf ball Ivjaring chakki, majority of rural women had poor knowledge. Papad making machine was the only technology known to the rural women and they were confused with poori making machine (poori belan) and were using it if for preparing papad. The use index indicates that maximum use was oi' silbatta, chakla, electric chakki. okhli, hamamdasta, hand chakki, sevai machine & datla and the use of belani was average. The use index of mixer, poori belan, and ball bearing chakki was very low. The major problems experienced by rural women in the use of food processing technologies were time and energy consuming, pain in hands and waist, wounds in hands. costly non availability in village, electricity requirement and lack of knowledge regarding operation and repair. On the basis of study it can be concluded that majority of rural women participated in all selected food processing activities except papad making. Majority of women had knowledge about food processing technologies except papad making machine. The use of mixer arid ball bearing chakki was limited in comparison to other selected technologies.

Abstract Title of Research Adoption of Fruit And Vegetable Preservation Technologies by Rural Women in Selected Villages of Udaipur District Name of Student Deepika Mandowara

33 Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Singhal Year 2005

The present study was undertaken to find out the knowledge and adoption of fruit and vegetable preservation technologies by rural women, along with problems faced and factors associated with knowledge and adoption of the technologies by rural women. • The study was carried out in purposively selected four villages of two panchayat samities of Udaipur district, covered under Mission Mode – NATP project on Empowerment of Women in Agriculture. Where in preservation trainings were organised. The sample of the studies comprised of 100 rural women. The interview schedule developed under NATP was modified and used for data collection, which included background information about the respondents, knowledge test and adoption scale. Frequency, percentage, mean score and analysis of variance were computed for the analysis of the data. • Findings of the study revealed that a majority of the respodents were from 31 – 45 years of age (56%), 37 percent were illetrate and 27 percent could read and write, belong to upper cast (54%), had nuclear family (60%). Agriculture as their main occupation (90%), nearly half of them (56%) were from medium SES and 39 percent had low SES. • The overall knowledge of the respodents (53%) was average about preservation, nearly 12 percent had good knowledge and 35 percent respodents had poor knowledge. • The respodents in general had partial knowledge (30 – 40%) about functions of fruits and vegetables in diet, consequencies of not including these in diet, importance and methods of preservation. Nearly 49 percent also knew about the reasons for spoilage of preserved items. They (70%) were mainly knowing about the use of salt and oil as preservative agent. • A majority of the respodents (90%) had learned the technique of preparing different types of pickles viz., mango, amla, leamon. • Regarding adoption of technologies, a majority of the respodents (58%) were found in the medium category adoption and 11 percent had high adoption. • High extent of adoption was pickle and squash, because it was comparitively simple to prepare while low extent of adoption was found in case of murraba, sauce and chutney's. • The main problems faced by the respodents in adoption of preservation technologies were – lack of knowledge about preparing different preserved items, non availability of equipments, lacked knowledge about chemical preservatives. • Non significant relationship was found incase of age, family structure, cast and socio economic status with the knowledge and adoption of the technologies, while education did had significant influence on both the parameters i. e. knowledge and adoption. • It could be thus concluded that the rural women had lack of knowledge and limited use of fruit and vegetable preservation, which could be further include through continuous monitoring and intervention.

Abstract

34 Title of Research Adoption of post harvest technologies of cereal crops by farm women of Jaipur district of Rajasthan

Name of Student Richa Sharma Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhriti Solanki Year 2005

• The objectives of the present study were, to find out the knowledge and adoption of post harvest technologies of cereal crops by the farm women and to identify the constraints faced by them in adoption of post harvest technologies. • The study was conducted in Sanganer tehsii of Jaipur district ·o sample consisted of 100 farm wornen from four villages of Sanganer tehsii. Personal interview and observation techniques were used collecting data from the respondents. ; Frequency, percentage, rnean percent score and mean weighted score were used for analysis of data. • The results of the study indicated that more than half of the under the age group of 30- 45 years, belonged to general caste category (55%), were illiterate (55%) and had agriculture as their main occupation (88%), Equal percentage of the respondents were from nuclear and joint families (50%). Findings of the study revealed that the respondents had average knowledge of post harvest technologies as over all M P S of knowledge was fund to be 51.82. The respondents .scored highest in the threshing component (68.84 MPS) followed by drying (51.99 MPS), -lorage (47.66MPS) and least in winnowing component with 46.16MPS. Regarding adoption of post harvest technologies, majority of the respondents were fund in, high adoption cateizory in threshing (97%) and winnowing (66%) wi-th MPS 83.42 and 73.50, respectively. • Regarding drying more than fifty percent respondents were medium adopters (52%) and 34 percent high adopters with MPS 54,02. Majority of the respondents (70%) belonged to medium adoption category in case of storage with 39.95 MPS. The overall MPS was found to be 54.58 which indicates that post harvest technologies were adopted to the medium extent by the respondents. Findings pertaining to constraints in adoption of post harvest technologies revealed that non availability of threshers and winnowers in time, high cost of improved storage structures, winnowers and threshers, lack of knowledge and exposure to trainings related to PWT, lack of knowledge regarding place of availability of inlet and outlet, fumigants, rodenticides were the major constraints faced.

ABSTRACT

35 Title of Research Role of NGO in transfer of vermi culture technology among rural women of Udaipur district

Name of Student Urmila Jain Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2005 • • The objectives of the research were to study the knowledge and adoption of vermi culture technology by rural women, benefits perceived and problems faced by them in adoption of vermi culture technology. The study was conducted in selected villages of Mavli Panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district. A sample of 100 women beneficiaries willing to respond were considered for gathering required information. Interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage and mean percent scores were used for the analysis of data. • The results of the study indicate that more than half of the respondents were in the age group of 31-45 years and belonged to lower caste, nearly half of the respondents were illiterate. Majority had agriculture as their main occupation. Majority of the respondents belonged to joint family and were the member of one organisation i.e. Vigyan Samiti an NGO. All respondents received training regarding vermi culture technology. • Findings of the study revealed, that all the respondents had very good knowledge about vermi culture technology with 78.7 Mean Percent Score (MPS) and 94 percent respondents falling in high knowledge category. In all the components of vermi culture technology viz. Concepts of vermi culture technology, bed construction, raw material, earthworms, water, filling of bed, care of prepared vermi compost, care of earthworms, advantages and uses and storage respondents had high knowledge reflected by MPSs 75- 98.8. The only component of earthworms, respondents had medium knowledge with 45.4 MPS.The overall adoption of vermi culture technology by the respondents was very good with 78.8 MPS. In all components viz. Bed preparation, raw material, earthworms, method of filling bed, maintenance of bed and care of prepared vermi compost respondents had very good adoption reflected by MPSs 79.9-83.8. • Regarding benefits of vermi composting majority of respondents perceived the multiple benefits of using vermi compost in soil and crops like increase the soil fertility, water holding capacity, plant growth and improves fruits quality. Respondents reported the vermi compost helps to earn and add to family income. Major problems in adoption of vermi culture technology as reported by respondents were scarcity of water, lack of technical guidance, required too much care and maintenance, fear of earthworms. There is need to further popularize and reinforce the useful vermi culture technology among the rural women to enhance the agriculture production of the country.

ABSTRACT

36 Title of Research "Development of Multimedia CD on Environmental Sanitation for rural women."

Name of Student Yaswant Menaria Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2006 Communication is essential for all human relations. Mass media thought to have powerful, uniform & direct influence on individual. Multimedia application can present information in variety of forms (text, graphics, animation, audio, video) involving the use of more of our senses. It better explain a subject matter to the learner because it enhances the comprehension capability of the learner. The present study was planned to develop multimedia CD on Environmental Sanitation with six components Drainage System, 2. Cleanliness around Wells and Handpump 3. Use of Dust Bins 4. Sanitary Latrines 5. Cattle Shed 6. Compost Pit and field-test for perception & comprehension by rural women. The study was conducted in two phases. In first phase multimedia CD was developed and evaluated by ten experts on various criteria's i.e. overall purpose served, content covered, interest orientation, visuals used & audio recording. The visuals were further evaluated on the various sub aspects organization & layout, color, visual clarity, attention catching, self-explanatory, continuity in messages, tuning with commentary & overall comprehension. The audio recording was evaluated on the aspects as language, commentary, content clarity, voice, continuity of messages, pace & speed of narration, length & time of narration, overall length of programme, music & overall comprehension. All criteria's according to expert's suggestions, voice was modified. In phase second, the multimedia CD was field tested with thirty-five rural women of Panerion ki Madri of Udaipur district. Only post test experimental research design was used for collecting data through interview technique. The major finding of the present study were- • Multimedia CD on Environmental Sanitation including six component was developed following the script and it was rated good by the experts on various criteria's with overall MWSs ranged between 2.75 to 2.85 for all components. • Perception and comprehension of developed multimedia CD on Environmental Sanitation was found to be very good as all the message of the six components except two messages were understood by 80 per cent respondents. The messages were:- Drainage System-Use of water for various house hold tasks, Improper drainage system leading to environment pollution & diseases, Daily cleaning of drainage lines, Draining wastewater of house through covered drainage lines, Use wastewater of house in a kitchen garden, Taking wastewater of house to soak pit, Proper drainage system protects the environment. 2. Cleanliness around Wells & Hand Pump -Construct platform with drainage system at the site of wells & hand pumps, Construct separate washing & bathing areas (away from hand pump/well), Internal walls of the wells must be fully cemented, Wells must be covered, Keep the hand pump surroundings clean, 3. Use of Dust Bins -Keep Home & surroundings clean, Throwing garbage outside home spread diseases, Type of garbage produced in home, Don't throw garbage outside the home, Dump garbage

37 in a pit away from home, Feed kitchen waste to animals, Give waste materials to Junkets, Throw house waste in sweepers cart. 4. Sanitary Latrines - Rural people use the fields for defecation, Many diseases occur due to leaving defecation open, Defecation outside the home needs to be prohibited, Use of sanitary latrines is essential for healthy life, Sanitary latrines keep home & surroundings clean, Procedure of using wet sanitary latrines,Use of sanitary latrines requires 2 liter of water, Train the children for defecation in sanitary latrines, Washing hands with soap after defecation. 5. Cattle Shed - Animals should not be tied inside home, Animals should be tied in cattle shed, Decide size of the cattle shed must be according to the number of animals, Cattle shed must be fully ventilated & covered, Arranging clean drinking water facility for animals, Have cemented floor with slope in cattle shed, Have proper drainage lines for disposal of animal urine, Construct manger for feeding animal and mN.,

ABSTRACT

38 Title of Research SWOT analysis of self help groups and entrepreneurial activities organized under NATP on “Empowerment of women in agriculture”. Name of Student Vaishali Tiwari Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhriti Solanki Year 2006

The objectives of the present study were, to study the profile and functioning of self help groups and to analyze the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of SHGs and entrepreneurial activities promoted under the project. The study was conducted in Badgaon and Girwa block of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. The sample consisted of 160 SHG members, 32 link workers along with 44 women entrepreneurs. Personal interview and focused group discussion techniques were used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage and mean weighted score were used for analysis of data. The results of the study indicated that majority of SHG members (73.76 %) and link workers (71.87 %) were in the age group of 30-45 years, belonged to reserve and general caste category, could simply sign and had agriculture as their main occupation. Findings of the study revealed that three steps were followed in group formation viz. group formation, capital formation and taking up of interventions. With respect to working of SHGs, it was found that all the groups have been registered. The monthly meetings of the group were organized regularly; the link workers were maintaining the records properly. There was single bank account in the name of SHG and members were depositing money on regular basis. Regarding SWOT of SHGs as perceived by link workers, it was found that systematic and planned way of doing things MWS 2.12 was the main strength and lack of vermin composting and nursery raising enterprise (MWS 2.41 and 3.0) followed by too much competition emerged as the major threat of all the three enterprise (MWS 2.33, 2.1 and 3.0). Findings pertaining to SWOT analysis of SHGs revealed that the strengths and opportunities were more as compared to weakness and threats. Hence, there is a possibility of sustaining these groups in future, if efforts were made by project personnel or any government agency to provide required support to the groups.

ABSTRACT

39 Title of Research Electronic media (Television) utilization by rural women of Patna district Name of Student Sunita Kumari Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2006

The objectives of the present study were to assess the awareness and extent of watching TV programmes, to study the opinion of rural women towards use of TV programmes for educational purposes and to develop guidelines for effective utilization of TV programmes by rural women. The study was conducted in Danapur block of Patna district of Bihar. From the block, four villages namely Mathiyapur, Nargodha, Sherpur and Rupaspur, one from each direction with channel facility was selected. A sample of 100 rural women i.e. 25 rural women was selected from each village. Personal interview technique was used for collection of data. Frequency and percentage distribution were used for analysis of data.

Major findings of the study were:

• Nearly half of the respondents were in the young age group, majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear families, were illiterate, had farming as their main family occupation, belonged to medium socio economic status and had low mass media exposure.

• Majority of the respondents were aware of 21 - 35 channel/out of 55 channels and were able to list only 11 channels i.e. E TV Bihar, Aastha, Star plus, Zee TV, Sony, DD1, Zee Cinema, Zee News, Aaj Tak, Star One and Discovery.

• All respondents were aware of entertainment programmes and religious, programmes. Majority of the respondents also had awareness of educational programme specially related to agriculture and animal husbandry but in comparison, lesser number of respondents was aware of home and health related educational programmes.

• Majority of the respondents used to watch TV daily up to 1-2 hours specially during 12 pm. to 3 p.m. in afternoon.

• Fe w of the channels were also watched daily by majority of the respondents specially E TV Bihar followed by Aastha, Star Plus, Zee TV, Sony and DDL

• The entertainment programmes were watched daily while religious and ^ educational programmes were watched sometimes by majority of the respondents.

• Majority of the respondent desired to watch programmes based agriculture content at first priority followed by animal husbandry, health and home.

• Group discussion was preferred mode of educational programme presentation. Educational TV programmes were not found feasible as well as language was also found diffïcult to understand by majority of the respondents. Timings and duration of educational programmes were not suitable to the majority respondents.

40 • Guidelines were developed for effective utilization of TV programmes for educational purposes on the basis of respondent's opinion.

Abstract

41

Determinants of Successful Women Entrepreneurs - A Title of Research Case Study Name of Student Jyoti Kalia Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Singhal Year 2006

• Women are being increasingly seen as an important index for the development of nation and undoubtedly their contribution is enormous towards economic development. The present investigation aimed to analyze various aspects related to women entrepreneurs i.e. socio-personal profile, extent of income generation and its use, various problems faced by women entrepreneurs and determinants which are responsible for successful running of an enterprise. • For accomplishment of the present study it was decided to select 10 women entrepreneurs who were actively engaged in different entrepreneurial activities for at least 3 years. Interview and direct observation technique/was used to collect relevant information 'from the respondents and each case was observed for at least 2 to 3 days dealing with the questions like time spent on particular activities, way of marketing, production etc. The content of the tool was validated by a panel of experts. • Major Findings: • • The result of the study indicated that majority of the respondents were in the age group of above 40 years, literate, belonged to upper caste and had joint family system. They had agriculture as their 'main occupation. Majority of them were the member of only one organization i.e. Gurdwara committee, SHG, Balwadi etc. • • The entrepreneurial activities taken up by the respondents were- bee-t-keeping, stitching, beauty parlor and art and craft work, pankhi making, dairy, pickle making, Khaddi work (woollen bed sheet), and sweater making. The chief factors, which enable the women to ,enter into the world of entrepreneurship, were - economic crisis, availability of free time and self-interest. • • Nearly half of the women entrepreneurs were self motivated to work while the other opted their entrepreneurial career by getting motivation from GOs /NGOs and received training to get competence in their work. • • The initial investment of the entrepreneurs ranged in between Rs. 200- 40,000. Nearly half of the respondents received loan from different sources viz. relatives, GOs/NGOs. Rest didn't require any special assistance for carrying out their enterprise. • • The techniques used by the respondents were mainly traditional. A majority of them were spending nearly 2-6 hrs daily in the enterprise. • • Procurement of raw material was not the problem for the entrepreneurs as the material was available locally. However, only one entrepreneur was procuring the raw material from other State in order to get good quality product. The product was also sold in other places i.e. outside the State-Alwar, UP, Delhi, Rewari, Panjab and Delhi through agents. • • Almost all the respondents were satisfied with their monthly income from the enterprise, which varied between Rs. 1500-20,000. There was only one respondent who

42 was earning Rs. 500-800/- month and they were using the earned income to supplement their family income, education of children and fulfillment of their personal needs. • • The main problems faced by women entrepreneurs were-lack of support at the initial stages of enterprise establishment, competition in market, wrong attitude of the society towards female work, bargaining by customers etc. • • The chief determinants behinds the success of entrepreneurs were-hard work, loyalty, self-confidence, risk taking ability, availability of market, innovativeness, self motivation, technical knowledge, support from family and loan availability. • From the study it could be said that entrepreneurship among, women is very essential for the development of women. Entrepreneurial characters are the key factors which *should be kept in mind while promoting entrepreneurship.

Abstract

43

Utilization of Rural Credit by a Women Self Help Group Title of Research Member.

Name of Student Jaya Rathore Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2006

• The objectives of present study were, to find out the knowledge of women self help group members about rural credit, extent of utilization and problems experienced by them in accessing rural credit. • The study was conducted in Girwa Panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district. The sample consisted of 90 respondents, i.e. 30 office bearers and 60 other members from purposively selected 15 active self help groups, linked with Kanpur branch of Mewar Aanchalik Gramin Bank, Udaipur. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. Frequency, percentage and Mean percent scores were used for analysis of data. • The results of the study indicate that more than half of respondents were in the age group of 30-45 years, belonged to nuclear families, having 5-8 members and were married. More than one third of respondents belonged to upper middle caste and were educated up to middle level. Majority of respondents were not members of ahy formal or informal organization, other than SHG. More than half of the respondents had low socio economic status. Findings of the study reveal that all the office bearers possessed good knowledge 190.06 MPS) and majority of SHG members had average knowledge (66.15 MPS) about credit. Regarding the utilization of rural credit by women self help group members, majority of the respondents were found in high utilization category with 69.43 MPS. Utilization of credit was fund more in case of SHG members (71.45 MPS) followed by SHG office bearers (65.38 MPS). Study of problems experienced by women SHG members in accessing rural credit revealed that majority of the respondents reported the problem of time and difficulties in sanctioning loans on the name of women. Non-availability of small and immediate loans, illiteracy, inconvenience in repayment, collateral requirement, difficulties in timely repayment of loan installments, apathy of bank personnel and non possession of documents like ration cards/ voter identification card were also reported by some of the respondents.

Abstract

44

Assessment of Knowledge and Use of Homestead Technologies Title of Research by Rural women of Chittorgarh District

Name of Student Jagruti Sant Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2006

• The present study was an attempt to assess the knowledge and use of homestead technologies by rural women of Chittorgarh district. The study was conducted on purposively selected 100 rural women of five villages of Pratapgarh Panchayat Samiti. Information was collected on knowledge, use and problems faced by the respondents in utilizing fifteen selected homestead technologies, using an interview schedule developed for the purpose. • Results revealed that majority of the respondents (42-77%) had knowledge about pressure cooker, grater, handle ladle, butter churner, mixer grinder, lemon squeezer, chips maker and potato peeler whereas only few respondents (5-30%) knew about poori making machine, improved grain storage bin, smokeless chulha, biogas, ball bearing chakki and solar cooker. None of the respondents had knowledge about the double-layered filter cloth. For all these technologies, respondents mainly knew the purpose whereas the knowledge regarding parts, functions, process, advantages or the care & maintenance was lesser than the knowledge pertaining to the purpose of technologies. • Pertaining to overall knowledge in terms of mean percent scores (MPS), respondents had average knowledge for grater (62.8MPS), pressure cooker (56.3 MPS), handle ladle (54.5 MPS) and butter churner (52.6 MPS). For rest of the technologies, respondents had poor or nil knowledge with MPS remaining between 0 to 33.4. • Regarding the use of technologies, majority of the respondents were observed to possess and use pressure cooker (65%) and grater (63%), followed by handle ladle (45%), electric butter churner (45%) and electric mixer grinder (34%). Approximately one-fourth respondents (20-24%) were found to possess and use potato peeler, chips maker, lemon squeezer and poori making machine. Only a few respondents (8-13%) were observed that possessed and use ball bearing chakki, improved grain storage bin and smokeless chulha. Biogas plant was possessed by 2 percent respondents and they too were not using it. None of the respondents had double-layered filler cloth. • Major problem that was found in the use of technologies by the respondents was lack of knowledge and skill. • It was therefore concluded that respondents had average to poor knowledge of majority of homestead technologies. Respondents possessing the technologies were also using them but had lack of knowledge and skill in using maximum of the technologies. It was therefore suggested that transfer of homestead technologies is further and urgently needed and training to improve the knowledge and skill in using these technologies is equally important for Transfer of Homestead Technologies to Rural women.

45 Abstract

Adoption of Agro Based Enterprises by Tribal Women." Title of Research Name of Student Hemlata Verma Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhriti Solanki Year 2006 1. The objectives of the study were, to find out adoption of agro based enterprises by tribal women, reasons for adoption of enterprises, extent of income generation and its use by tribal women and problems faced y tribal women in running of different enterprises 2. The study was conducted in 5 villages of Girwa Panchaya Samiti of Udaipur district, Rajasthan where, intensive work on entrepreneurship development was done for tribal women by various government and non government organizations. The sample consisted of purposively selected 150 tribal women. From total sample 25 women were selected in each of enterprise as dairy, mushroom cultivation, floriculture, vermi composting, medicinal plant cultivation (safed musli cultivation) and vegetable cultivation. The data was collected through personnel interview using the tool especially constructed for this purpose. Frequency and percentage were calculated for analyzing data. 3. The results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents wete between 30-45 years of age (62%), married (92%), had joint family with 5 to 8 members (76%), main occupation was agriculture (76%) and were illiterate (64%). All belong to schedule tribe caste and were the members of formal organization i.e. self help group. 4. In findings indicated that 66.67 per cent respondents have adopted different enterprises. Out of the total adopters, 48, 32 and 20 per cent respondents have adopted dairy, vegetable cultivation and vermi composting enterprises, respectively. Mushroom cultivation, safed musli cultivation and floriculture enterprises were adopted by all the respondents i.e. 100 per cent. Further it was found that dairy and vegetable cultivation enterprises were not adopted by 48 and 52 per cent respondents, respectively due to scarcity of water and green fodder, lack of infrastructure facility, lack of dairy cooperatives and health facility for milch animals. With regard to discontinuance, it was found that 80 per cent respondents have discontinued vermi composting enterprise. Similarly 4 and 16 per cent respondents discontinued the dairy and vegetable enterprises, respectively. 5. Regarding the extent of income generation, it was found that net profit earned from vermi composting, safed musli cultivation, mushroom cultivation was Rs 2250, 5400, 5170, respectively which was near to the expected income. Profit gained from dairy, vegetable cultivation and floriculture enterprise was less than the expected income. 6. The major constraints faced by the respondents in running of different enterprises were lack of artificial insemination and health care facilities for milch animals, lack of guidance at the time of initiation of enterprise, lack of knowledge 1 regarding credit facility and high initial expenditure in dairy terprise. Heavy insect pest attack on vegetable and flowers crops, problem of sto ge problem of vermi manure and damage

46 of vermi beds due to insect and animals, malpractices of middle man, natural calamities and lack of transportation facility were other problems faced by entrepreneurs. 7. From the study it could be inferred that efforts made by different organizations had helped in economic empowerment of tribal women. However, some of the problems identified in this research need to be attended by the officials of these organizations.

Abstract

47

Adoption behavior of IVLP beneficiaries regarding Title of Research improved cattle feeds Name of Student Geetika Kachhawa Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajashree Upadhyay Year 2006

• The objectives of the present study were, to find out the knowledge of the rural women about improved cattle feed technology extent of adoption among rural women, categories of adoption and their characteristics, and problem faced by them in adoption of improved cattle feed. • The study was conducted in Mandore Panchayat Samiti of Jodhpur district where CAZRI is implementing IVLP programme. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 respondents covering all the five colleges of Jodhpur district were IVLP programme is running. Interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage, mean percent score and standard deviation were used for the analysis of data. • The result of the study indicates that more than half of the respondents were in the age group of 30-45 years and illiterate, belonged to backward caste having 5-8 members. Half of the respondents belonged to joint families and had medium socio economic status. Majority of the respondents were member of one organization, had farming as their main occupation and all of them received training regarding improved cattle feeds. • Findings of the study revealed that most of the respondents had good knowledge of improved cattle feed. The respondents scored highest in urea treated fodder (78.25 MPS) closely followed by vitamin mineral mixture (76.84) and multi nutrient block with (65.6 MPS). Regarding adoption of improved cattle feeds, majority of the respondents were found in high adoption category in urea treated fodder (68%) closely followed by vitamin mineral mixture (56%). With regard to multi nutrient block equal numbers of the respondents were in low adoption (39%) and high adoption (35%) category. • The results revealed that none of the respondents were found to be innovated and early adepter while majority of the respondents were classified in the category of late majority and laggards. Study of problem faced by the respondents revealed that non availability of feed and high cost were the main problem in all the three cattle feeds, where as lack of technical guidance is urea treated fodder was found by some respondents.

Abstract

48 Title of Research Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Promotion of Entrepreneurial activities among Rural Women Name of Student Anshul Bharti Name of major Dr.Dhriti Solanki Advisor Year 2007 • The objectives of the study were, to explore the entrepreneurial activities promoted for rural women through selected KVK, adoption of entrepreneurial activities by the rural women, extent of income generation from entrepreneurial activities, problems faced by the women entrepreneurs in running up of enterprises and the perception of women entrepreneurs regarding role of KVK in maitsiiment of an enterprise. • The study was conducted in 10 villages of three panchayat samities i.e. Sangaria, Nohar and Bhadra of Hanuthangarh district, Rajasthan where intensive work of entrepreneurship development was done for rural women by the KVK. The sample consisted of selected 150 rural women who have been trained by the KVK in different enterprises. The data were collected through personal interview technique using the tool especially constructed for the purpose. Frequency, percentage and mean weighted scores were calculated for analysis of data. • The results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents were below 30 years of age (62%), married (84%), had nuclear family (70%) with 5 to 8 members (56.67%), they were from backward caste (50.67%), main occupation was fanning and artisanship (44%) and were can read and write (24%). All were de member of a formal organization i.e. self help group. • The findings indicated that majority of the respondents have adopted different enterprises promoted by the KVK. Further it was found that dari and Khes making, herbal beauty parlour and soft toys making, were not adopted by some of the respondents (16.67-28.57), due to less return, lack of time, resources and space, insurity for shop running. With regard to discontinuance, it was found that 28.57 per cent women have discontinued soft toys making enterprise. • Regarding the extent of income generation, it was found that the annual profit earned from: soft toys making and stitching enterprises was Rs. 17,000/- and 17,400/- and (in group activities) from surf making, tomato preservation and masala making was Rs. 24,00, 59,7690-and 6,410 respectively. Profit gained from dari and khes making was less (Rs. 7,500/-). Herbal beauty parlour and rakhi making enterprises earned net profit was 18,650 and 50,000, respectively. • The major problems faced by the rural women in running of different enterprises were labour intensive but less return and insurity of getting work in dari and khes making enterprise. Too much competition in the market and lack of space and time were the problems in herbal beauty parlour and in soft toys making enterprise. In masala making women were facing problem in marketing of product and repayment of loan to bank. rakhi making was very time consuming and labour intensive work. • Findings indicated that majority of the women entrepreneurs were satisfied with the role played by the KVK in providing technical guidance in establishment of the

49 enterprise (MWS-1.90), trainings organized (MWS-1.67), financial assistance (MWS- 1.87), linkages with other agencies (MWS-1.68), marketing of produce (MWS -1.81) and follow up activities (MWS - 1.87). However, majority of the respondents (92%) were not satisfied with the services rendered by the KVK in arrangement of raw material (MWS - 0.08). • From the study it could be inferred that efforts made by KVK had helped in economic empowerment of rural women. However, some of the problems identified in this research need to be attended by the official of the KVK.

Abstract

50

Income Generation from Selected Entrepreneurial Activities Title of Research among Tribal Women

Name of Student Bhavya Upadhyay Name of major Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Advisor Year 2007

• The present study was undertaken to find out the participation, extent of income generation and problems faced by tribal women in carrying out the selected entrepreneurial activities i.e. bamboo work and rope work. The study was conducted in two purposively selected villages of “Banswara” and “Pipalkhunt” panchayat samities of Banswara district, Rajasthan state. A sample of 100 tribal women (50 from each activity) was purposively selected for collecting information. Interview method was used for data collection. Frequency and percentage were used for analysis of data. • The major findings of the study revealed that majority of respondents were in middle age group (31-45 years), married, and illiterate and had low socio economic status. The overall participation of tribal women in both the entrepreneurial activities revealed that out of different tasks viz. purchasing of tools and equipment, procurement of raw material, making process, storage and marketing, majority of tribal women mainly participated independently in making process. In bamboo work respondents devoted 6- 8 hours in a day while in rope work they spent 2-4 hours. The income profile of tribal women revealed that the average income from bamboo work ranged between Rs.1001- 1500/- per person per month, while from rope work it ranged between Rs.501-700/- per person per month. Majority of respondents (73-92%) utilized their income in fulfillment of family requirements and in saving. More than half of the respondents (53-55%) spent their income to purchase of raw material and agriculture inputs resulting in changes in food, clothing, housing, education and social status. The major problems experienced by tribal women in carrying out entrepreneurial activities were poor transportation, long distance of the market, losses due to environmental conditions, less return, physical fatigue and injury.

ABSTRACT

51 Title of Research Knowledge and benefits gained by women beneficiaries of Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana

Name of Student Charu Sharma Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2007

• The objectives of present study were to find out the knowledge of women beneficiaries about SGSY, benefits gains and constraints faced by them in gaining benefits of SGSY. The study was conducted in Girwa Panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected respondents from 20 women SHGs formed under SGSY before 2002. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. Frequency, percentage, mean percent score, mean weighted scores, paired‘t’ test were used for analysis of data. • The results of study indicate that more than half of the respondents were in the age group of 31-45 years belonged to joint families having 5-8 members and were married. Furthermore than half of the respondents belonged to schedules caste and scheduled tribe. More than 1/3 rd of the respondent was primary educated and majority of respondents were not members of any formal or non formal organization, other than SHG. Nearly 2/3rd of respondents had low socio economic status. Findings of the study reveal that more than half of the respondents possessed average knowledge (57.23 MPS) about SGSY. With regard to extent of benefits gained. 2/3rd of respondents gained benefits to average extend. Further mean employment significantly increased from 92.24 to 214.87 mandays whereas, majority of respondents were able to cross the poverty line as mean income significantly increased from rupees 588.50 to Rs. 2888. Study of constraints faced by women beneficiaries in gaining benefits of SGSY revealed that training constraints were the major constraints faced by them(49.14 MPS), followed by operational and resource constraints (46.11 MPS) .

Abstract

52 Title of Research Televiewing behavior and utilization of farm and home programmes by rural women

Name of Student Kirti Bhargav Name of major Advisor Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2007

The objectives of research were to study the televiewing behavior of rural women, to explore the farm and home programmes viewed and their utilization by rural women and to ascertain suggestions from rural women regarding improvement in farm and home TV programmes. The study was conducted in Girwa Panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district in Rajasthan .From the panchayti Samiti , four villages namely Balicha , Debari , Sisarma were selected randomly out of 190 villages having television network and cable connections . A sample of 100 rural women i.e. 25 rural women each village was selected. Personal interview technique was used for collection of data. Frequency and Percentage distribution were used for analysis of data. Major findings of the study: • Half of the respondents were in the young age group , majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear families , were illiterate , had farming as their main occupation and belonged to low socio - economic status. • Majority of the respondents owned TV for less than 5 years because of children’s demand and respondents operate TV by themselves. • Majority respondents used to view TV frequently (3-5 days per week) for 1-2 hours daily, especially during 7-10 pm. • Entertainment was the very important reason to view television as reported by majority of the respondents. • Respondents viewed 12 channels out of 35 channels and among those 12 channels they always viewed DDI , Star Plus, Star One, ETV Raj. And also perform some household tasks at time of watching TV like cutting vegetables, cleaning of grains etc. • Majority respondents had knowledge about farm and home telecasts i.e. Krishi Darshan and half of the respondents viewed the programme Mirch Masala. • With respect to viewing of farm and home programmes, majority respondents viewed Krishi Darshan and half of the respondents viewed the programme Mirch Masala. • Majority respondents received and utilized information related to farm such as selection of seed variety according to the type of soil, use of fertilizers and their correct doses, drudgery reducing equipments and related to home such as preparation of various recepies , use of time and labor saving equipments.

53 • Respondents also received and used farm and home information from advertisement like various equipments to perform household tasks, child care practices and different fertilizers used in farming. • Majority respondents reported that more information was available in programmes than advertisement and was considered more useful and also utilized by the respondents. • Regarding suggestions, majority respondents suggested to change the telecasting time of farm and home programmes, with emphasis on more content related to farm, animal husbandry and women related issues and also to use simple and local dialect in programmes telecasted on TV for rural people.

54

Abstract

Title of Research Information empowerment of rural adolescent girls in the area of nutrition.

Name of Student Manju Name of major Advisor Dr. Manju Gupta Year 2007

• The present study was conducted with an objective to empower rural adolescent girls in the area of nutrition. Pre and post test experimental research design was used for carrying out the research .On the basis of available literature and after consultation with subject matter specialists, different aspects of nutrition were selected and a package for information building programme was developed. The study was conducted in one purposively selected panchayat samiti Dhod of Sikar district, Rajasthan. Three senior secondary schools one from each village namely Churoli- Khakoli , Shihot chhoti and Phagalawa were selected randomly . Total sample of the study consisted of 100 rural adolescent girls in the age range of 15-18 years. In each selected school, two days training was organized and pre and post knowledge of respondents was assessed. The data were collected by using questionnaire technique and were analyzed using frequency, percent, mean percent and paired “t” test. • Major findings of the study were as follows: • 1. Findings revealed that majority of the respondents were from scheduled caste/ tribe (40)5 and other backward caste, had nuclear family with medium family size (5-8 members) having service /business as their main occupation. Majority of the respondents had high mass media exposure and owned television and radio. • 2. A significant difference was found in overall and component wise pre and post knowledge of respondents. Prior to information building programme a majority of the respondents had medium and low knowledge (MPS 40.9) but after training majority of them shifted to high knowledge category (MPS 87.0) • 3. Regarding balanced diet, findings revealed that the initial knowledge of respondents in general was medium but after training a substantial gain was observed in their knowledge (42,9%) after training regarding functions of food and concept of balanced diet , amount of food stuffs to be included in daily diet and deficiency diseases caused by lack of food stuffs in diet . • 4. In the component nutrition for vulnerable groups , nearly half of the respondents ( 46-54%) had medium knowledge about all the aspects i.e. nutrition for pregnant woman and lactating woman and nutrition for children (from 0 to 6 years ) . None of the respondents had high knowledge about nutrition for pregnant woman. After an

55 exposure to information building programme, almost all the respondents (83-98%) gained high knowledge in nutrition for vulnerable group. • 5. Regarding nutritional deficiency diseases about 49-52% respondents had low initial knowledge regarding anemia and Protein – Energy Malnutrition while 52 % of them had medium knowledge about vitamin A deficiency. After exposure to training, a majority of them (94-97%) shifted in high knowledge category Protein – Energy Malnutrition (PEM ). • The results of the study thus concluded that information building programme made a significant impact in empowering rural adolescent girls about nutrition as their gain in knowledge was found high in all the aspects of nutrition. Thus considering the future role of adolescent girls in maintaining the health and nutritional status of their family, all the developmental programmes should focus on this age group.

56 Abstract

Title of Research Role performance of Women Panchayat representatives of Selected Panchayat Samities of Udaipur District Name of Student Sangeeta Chouhan Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2007

• The objectives of present study were, to study the role perception and performance of selected women representatives of panchayat, achievements made by the women members for development of their village and the problems faced by women representatives of panchayat. The study was conducted in purposively selected Girwa and Badgaon panchayat samities of Udaipur district. A sample of 100 women panchayat representatives was selected randomly. Interview technique was used for collection of data .Frequency, percentage, mean weighted scores, mean percent scores and paired‘t’ test were used for analysis of data. The results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents were in the age group of 46-60 years , belonged to nuclear families , having 5-8 members and were married . More than one third of the respondents belonged to ST/SC caste. Majority of respondents were not members of any formal or normal organization. More than half of the respondents had low socio economic status. • Finding of the study reveals that about half of the women members had medium role perception about their duties in panchayat which is indicated from mean percent role perception score of 55.07 % .study further shows that majority of the respondents were not member of any formal or normal organization. More than half of the respondents had low socio economic status .Findings of the study reveals that about half of the women members had medium role perception about their duties in panchayat which is indicated from mean percent role perception score of 5.07 % .study further shows that majority of the respondents had low role performance score of 29.54%. Majority of the respondents made efforts for the increasing participation of women in ward and gram sabha meetings, construction of new roads and renovation of kacha roads , establishments of anganbadi / balwadi/ but the achievement were comparatively low .Majority of the respondents mentioned problems like lack of cooperation from government employs and villages , lack of finance for development works, cultural inhabitations, lack of mobility , forceful signature on incomplete proposals and lack of information about financial matter .

57 ABSTRACT

Title of Research Effectiveness of Extension Methods in Awareness Generation about Health and Nutrition among Rural Women. Name of Student Sunita Mishra Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Godawat Year 2008

The objectives of the present study were to assess the existing awareness level of rural women about health and nutrition and to find out the effectiveness and comparison of selected extension methods in developing awareness about health and nutrition. The study was conducted in Kalyanpur panchayat samiti of Kanpur district (U.P). The sample consisted of 120 rural women from four villages of identified panchayat samiti. Personal interview technique was used for data collection. Frequency and percentage, mean percent score, paired ‘t’ test and T test for difference between two mean were used for data analysis. The major finding were • Majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group, were from joint family, illiterate and had farming as their main family occupation. • Initial awareness of all the respondents about different components of health and nutrition was poor. None of the respondent was in the category of good or average level. • There was significant gain in awareness about health and nutrition in all selected extension methods. • Puppet show was found most effective for the messages related to balanced diet and safe drinking water, while Nukkad natak was most effective for the immunization and anaemia. Exhibition method was quiet satisfactory and Rally was least effective for all selected messages of health and nutrition. • Comparison of effectiveness for selected extension methods, Puppet show ranked at first position followed by Nukkad natak at second, Exhibition at third and Rally was at fourth ranked in developing awareness. • In combination of selected extension methods puppet show and Nukkad natak were equally effective. Very little difference was found in gain in awareness when these methods were combined with Exhibition. Nukkad natak and Puppet show were always found effective over rally method.

58 ABSTRACT

Utilization of Rural Credit By Women Self Help Group Title of Research Members Name of Student Shahnaz Parveen

Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2008

The objective of present study were, to find out the knowledge of women self help group members about rural credit, utilization of rural credit and problems experienced by them in accessing rural credit. The study was conducted in Nokha panchayat samiti of Bikaner district. The sample consisted of 100 respondents, i.e. 30 office bearers and 70 other members from randomly selected 15 self help group, linked with Nokha branch of Marwar Gramin Bank, Bikaner. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. Frequency, percentage and mean percent scores were used for analysis of data.

The results of the study indicate that about half of the respondents were in the age group of 30-45 years, belonged to General and SC/ST caste. Majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear families, having 5-8 members and were not members of any formal or informal organization other than SHG. More than one third of respondents were educated up to primary school and illiterate. Most of the respondents had low socio economic status.

Finding of the study reveal that most of the office bearers (97%) possessed good knowledge about rural credit with 75.60 MPS and majority of the SHG members (67%) had average knowledge with 44.26 MPS. Regarding the utilization of rural credit by women self help group members, majority of the respondents used the loan amount for production purposes. i.e. for establishing shop (general, attachakki, STD/PCO), papad making, pickle making, stitching, woolen item and cot making.

Study of problem experienced by women SHG members in accessing rural credit revealed that majority of the respondents reported the problem i.e. difficulties in sanctioning loan on the name of women, time consuming procedure, non availability of small and immediate loan, illiteracy, inconvenience in repayment, collateral requirement, difficulties in timely repayment of loan installments, apathy of bank personnel and non possession of documents like ration card / voter deification card.

59 Abstract

Impact of e- choupal on Information Empowerment of Title of Research Rural Youth of Sri Ganganagar District. Name of Student Neha Singhal Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Singhal Year 2008

The objectives of present study were to find out knowledge of rural youth about e- choupal, extent of Information utilized gained through e-choupal and constraints faced by them in gaining benefits.

The study was conducted in Chunawad, Tatarsar and Ratewala panchayat samities of Sri Ganganagar district. A representative sample of 75 boys and 75 girls in the age range of 16 -21 years were selected from three panchayats. Personal interview technique was used for colleting data. Frequency percentages, mean percentage scores, and't'- test for two means were used for analysis of data.The results of the study indicated that more than half of the boys and girls were in the age group of 19-21 years, belonged to joint famílies, having 5-8 members; further most of them belonged to OBC caste and had education upto graduation level. Regarding the basic information about the programme, majority of both boys and girls (88 to 100 %) knew the name of the program, starting year in the village, knew the objectives of the programme and that e- choupal was running for benefit of rural people. In control group, knowledge level about e-choupal and its services was negligible as compared with experimental group. With respect to services of e-choupal, majority of boys and girls (81 to 99%) had knowledge about agricultural services (agriculture methods and materials, weather information and crop information), health services (aaurvedic treatment, household treatment and district health centers). But it was discouraging to note that only one forth of the respondents (20 to 36%) knew about the educational (information about different exams and resulís) and insurance services (information about policies provided by different companies) provided under e- choupal. Findings of the study reveal that more than half of the boys and girls í 59 to 62 %) possessed average knowledge about e- choupal. Nearly' 70 to 80 percent boys and girls perceived the benefits of information gained through e-choupal to high extent with respect to mcrease in family income, Standard of living. empow.erment in agriculture services and increased entertainment facility etc. In general, íwo third of the respondents were utilizing information gained íhrough e-choupal to average extent Regarding the constraints, personal and family constraints were the major ccnstraints as perceived by respondenís (65-80%) foílowed by technical and resource constraints (58 to 64%)On the basis of findings of the present study it could be said that e-choupal has helped a lot in information empowerment of rural youth about agriculture and health. But looking to the constraints faced, efforts should be made to take appropriate measures to resolve the constraints and community e-choupal programme in respect c-f education of insurance services so that the rural community may not set deprived of the modern information technologies.

60 ABSTRACT

Title of Research Adoption of improved dairy cattle management practices by rural women in Udaipur district , rajasthan’ Name of Student Meenal Vashishtha Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhriti Solanki Year 2008

The objective of the present of the present study were,to find out the extent of partipation of rural women in dairy cattle management practice , knowledge and adoption of improved dairy cattle management practices , knowledge and adoption of improved dairy cattle management practices by rural women and to identify the constraints faced by them in adoption of improved dairy cattle management practice. The study was con ducted in girwa tehsil of Udaipur district of Rajasthan .the sample consisted of 100rural women from four four village of Girwa tehsil. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondent’s .Frequency, percentage and mean per cent score were used for analysis of data. The result of the study indicated that almost half of the respondents (49%) were under the age group of 25-40 year. Majority of respondents belonged to general caste(61%),was either illiterate(29%)or can only read and write (24%),had agriculture as their main occupation (98%) and belonged to joint family .nearly half of the respondents used radio for getting information related to improved dairy cattle management practice. Findings of the study reveled that the respondents had average participation in improved dairy cattle management practices as overall MPS was found to be 60.97. The respondents possessed average knowledge about improved dairy cattle management practice as overall MPS was found to be 46.94.The respondents scored highest in the management component (64.0 MPS) followed by breeding by (41.68MPS), feeding (52.57MPS) and least in health care with28.44MPS.Regarding adoption, it was found that the respondents had average level of adoption of improved dairy cattle management practice as overall MPS was 41.30 percent. Majority of the respondents were found in high adoption category in management (54.36MPS) and feeding (48.09MPS), and least in breeding (35.84MPS) and health care (15.75MPS) components. Finding pertaining to constraints reveled that inefficient services at AI centers, preference of food crops rather than fodder crops, high cost of concentrate, lack of veterinary hospital and health care center at village and lack of knowledge regarding improved dairy cattle management practices were the major constraints faced by the respondents.

61 Abstract Title of Research Knowledge and Practices of Rural Adolescent Girls in Health and Nutrition. Name of Student Charu Nagar Name of major Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Advisor Year 2008

The present study was conducted with an objective to find out the knowledge and practices of rural adolescent girls in health and nutrition along with information sources used by them and problem faced by rural adolescent girls in seeking health and nutrition information. The study was conducted in one randomly selected panchayat samiti Khamnor of Rajsamand district, Rajasthan. The four villages namely Kaliwas, Bilocha, Delwara, and Negadia were included in the study. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 rural adolescent girls in the age of 15-18 years with primary education and unmarried. After consultation with subject matter specialists, different aspects of health and nutrition were selected. Health aspect includes general health and reproductive health while nutrition aspect includes balance diet for adolescent girls, nutrients- their functions and sources and anaemia. Interview techniques was used for data collection and were analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean percent scores. Major findings of the study were as follows: • Majority of the respondents were from upper caste (36%) and scheduled caste (30%), belonged to nuclear family (64%) and were from medium size family (46%). Regarding occupation, 35 percent had service and 32 percent had farming as their main family occupation. Due to ownership of T.V. and radio majority of respondents had good media exposure. • The overall knowledge of the respondents was found to be average in of health and nutrition with MPS of 45.28. • The aspect wise knowledge of the respondents reflects the average knowledge in general health and reproductive health with MPS of 49.33 and 45.65 respectively. In the aspect of nutrition, majority of respondents had average knowledge in balance diet for adolescent girls with MPS of 56.62 and poor knowledge in nutrients- their functions and sources and anaemia with MPS of 31.88 and 30.42 respectively. • In depth analysis of knowledge and practices of the respondents reveals that the respondents had inadequate knowledge in different aspects such as menstruation, meaning of AIDS, balance diet and nutrients- their functions and sources and inappropriate practices regarding cleaning of different body parts, dispose off the garbage and unhygienic practices during menses. • Regarding information sources used by rural adolescent girls, findings reveals that majority of the respondents (60%) always used T.V. for seeking general

62 information while 80 percent respondents getting health information through NGO. Regarding nutrition, 78-80 percent of the respondents sometime and rarely seek information from their mother and friends. Other sources were not used at a significant extent by the respondents. • The problems faced by rural adolescent girls in seeking health and nutrition information were lack of sources, time and interest, poverty, illiteracy of the parents, unawareness and hesitation.

63 Abstract Title of Research Adoption of Entrepreneurial Activities by Women Promoted under Rajasthan Mission on Livelihoods Name of Student Anuprita Purohit Name of major Dr. Asha Godawat Advisor Year 2009 • The objectives of the present study were to find out usefulness of training programme organized under Rajasthan Mission on Livelihoods (RMoL) as perceived by beneficiaries and their expectations, adoption of entrepreneurial activities envisaged under RMoL by the women, income generation and its utilization by women entrepreneurs and constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in running different enterprises. • The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan state The sample consisted of 82 women Participants as per their availability. The data was collected through personal interview technique using tool especially constructed for this purpose. Frequency and Percentage were calculated for analyzing the data. The results indicated that majority of the respondents (69.51 %) were between 18-30 years of age, middle level educated (41.16%), married (60.97%) had medium family with 5 to 8 members (75.60%), main occupation was service (65.82%) and only 12.2 percent were the members of formal or non formal organizations. Findings reveal that majority of the women participants were satisfied and had positive opinion about the various aspects of training programme organized by DEE under RMoL scheme viz. training time, training materials, training place, methods, training content, practical orientation and technical guidance. However dissatisfaction was expressed in terms of financial assistance, marketing and duration of training by some of the respondents. • The findings also indicated that out of 82 respondents 26 women had adopted different enterprise Viz. Cutting and Tailoring, Fruits and vegetable preservation, Embroidery and Needle work and Food Processing. There was only one woman who had discontinued the Fruits and Vegetable preservation enterprise previously initiating it. Besides, reasons for non adoption it was found that one third of the respondents had not taken up entrepreneurial activity due to problem in marketing, finance, and lack of time. Lack of support by family members and lack of self confidence were other reasons for non adoption. Regarding income generation it was found that net profit earned from Cutting and Tailoring, embroidery and needle work and food processing was Rs. 14242.5, 11580, 8040 respectively. Profit gained by individual owners and group owners was Rs. 13012.5 and 7514.28 respectively. • The major constraints faced by respondents in running different enterprise were high completion and high quality of product available in the market, avoidance of household tasks in Cutting and Tailoring enterprise. With respect to Fruits and Vegetable preservation women entrepreneurs faced problems related to grading and packaging, marketing, inadequate advertisement. Not getting right price of things, high commission to whole seller, weakness and fatigue were the main problems in Embroidery and Needle work enterprise. Women entrepreneurs of Food Processing enterprise

64 experienced main problems of procurement of raw material, marketing and lack of money. • From the study it could be inferred that efforts made by Directorate of Extension Education under RMoL Scheme had helped in significant improvement in knowledge, skills and life style of women.

65 Abstract

Title of Research Knowledge Utilization of Selected Services of Kishori Balika Yojana by the Beneficiaries Name of Student Preeti Mathur Name of major Advisor Dr Rajshree upadhyay Year 2009

• The objectives of the present investigation were to assess the knowledge and its utilization in selected services of Kishori Balika Yojana by the beneficiaries and their expectation from it. • The study was conducted in purposively selected four villages of Badgaon Panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district. The sample of the study consisted of randomly selected 100 beneficiaries i.e. adolescent girls. The data were collected through interview technique and analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean percent score. • The major findings of the study revealed that more than one third of the respondents were in the age group of 15-19 years. Majority of the respondents belonged to SC/ST, educated upto middle school and were unmarried. They belonged to nuclear and medium size family and had medium SES. • Regarding knowledge of the respondents about selected services of "Kishori Balika Yojana", most of the respondents (98%) had average knowledge with mean percent score of 42.98 in the aspects like personal hygiene, water sanitation, food hygiene, environmental hygiene, AIDS, physical changes and menstruation. In case of marriage age and its relation with motherhood, most of the respondents (99%) possessed average knowledge with mean percent score of 50.90 in information related to marriage age, pregnancy, delivery and family planning. Regarding nutrition education, it was discouraging to note that all the respondents had poor knowledge about the nutritional aspects with the very low mean per cent score of 8.31. • The girls utilized the knowledge provided under Kishori Balika Yojana in selected services like health-hygiene and marriage age and its relation with motherhood but knowledge regarding nutrition was not properly utilized by them. Regarding the expectation from various services most of the respondents desired that doctor should visit the center daily, medicine should be distributed free of cost, more emphasis should be given on information related to nutrients, organization of film show on right age of marriage and parents should be advised to visit the center and understand the consequences of marriage at early age. It can be said that intensive efforts should be made by the government to enhance the knowledge of rural adolescent girls through female experts so that girls can feel free in interaction. 1.

66

ABSTRACT

Role of Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana in Title of Research Promotion of Entrepreneurial Activities among Rural Women Name of Student Rita Devi Yadav Name of major Advisor Dr. Manju Gupta Year 2009 2. • The present study was carried out to explore the entrepreneurial activities promoted for rural women through SGSY programme, to find out entrepreneurial activities adopted by rural women, to study extent of income generation from enterprises and problems faced by women beneficiaries in running their enterprises. • The study was conducted in 8 villages of 2 blocks viz. Baskhari and Tanda of district Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, where, intensive work on development of micro enterprises for rural women was done by the SGSY programme. The sample consisted of 100 rural women purposively selected who were the beneficiaries of SGSY programme and were running enterprises promoted under SGSY programme. • The data were collected through personal interview technique and group discussion using the tool especially constructed for the purpose. Frequency and percentage were calculated for analysis of data. • The results of the study indicated that more than half of the respondents (56%) were between 31-45 years of age, married (99%), had nuclear family (57%). Majority of them were from schedule caste (80%), main occupation was enterprise (100%) and were educated upto middle level (26%). All were the member of a formal organization i.e. self- help-group. Finding indicated that SGSY programme was running in the selected blocks since 1999-2000. It had promoted 13 entrepreneurial activities viz. dairy, goat rearing, poultry, tailoring and beauty parlor, handicraft items from bamboo, shops of readymade garments and general accessories, floriculture, bamboo cane, furniture making and vegetable cultivation and selling, out of which bee-keeping, bamboo cane and furniture making were discontinued due to lack of knowledge and technical guidance, lack of profit and poor quality of products. • Finding also reported that all the (100%) respondents have adopted different enterprises promoted under SGSY programme. Out of total adopters 36 percent respondents had adopted dairy enterprise followed by goat rearing (30%), poultry (17%), tailoring and beauty

67 parlor (8%) respondents and rest 9 respondents were also engaged in pottery, floriculture, handicraft items from bamboo, vegetable cultivation and selling. • Regarding the extent of income generation it was found that the annual profit earned from dairy enterprise was Rs. 44,360/-, goat rearing Rs. 12,000/-, poultry Rs. 11,200 /-, tailoring Rs.20,055/- tailoring and beauty parlor Rs.29,025/- per year. Findings pertaining to the utilization of earned income indicated that majority of the respondents (98%) have utilized the income to fulfill their family requirements, (80%) for saving purpose, (62%) to fulfill social functions, while 52 per cent utilize their income for unit reinvestment. The major problems faced by the respondents in running of different enterprises were personal and family problems, technical problems and production and marketing problems • From the study it could be inferred that SGSY programme has contributed to the women to start and own micro enterprise which has improved their economic their economic status. However, there were some constraints found in this research need to be attended by SGSY functionaries.

68 ABSTRACT

Title of Research Entrepreneurial need and attitude of rural women towards entrepreneurship

Name of Student Sarita Devi Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Singhal Year 2009

• The objectives of the present study were, to find out entrepreneurial need as perceived by rural women, attitude of entrepreneur and non entrepreneur towards entrepreneurship, reasons for selection of enterprise and problems faced by women entrepreneurs in running different enterprises. • The study was conducted in 8 villages of Bikapur block of Faizabad District, Uttar Pradesh. The sample comprised of purposively selected 80 rural women i.e.40 women entrepreneur and 40 non entrepreneurs (5 entrepreneur and 5 non entrepreneurs from each of the 8 selected villages). • The data was collected through personal interview. The attitude of women was measured by the standardized tool developed under Mission Mode NATP Project on Empowerment of women in Agriculture (2000). Frequency, percentage, mean weighted score and t test were calculated for analyzing data. • The results of the study indicated that – A majority of the respondents were between 31-45 years of age (62.5%), married (92.5%), were from backward caste(50 to55%), had nuclear families(75%), main occupation was agriculture (90%) and were educated up to middle level (40%).A majority of the respondents (82.5%) were not member of any formal/ informal organization. • All the respondents (100%) perceived and expressed entrepreneurial need in agriculture enterprise i.e. grain selling, food preservation, dairy, fruit and vegetable selling. In craft related sector enterprises mentioned were- sewing, embroidery, general store, weaving and knitting, tie and dye. • The major strength perceived in different agro based enterprises were- traditional nature of job, skill in cultivation, availability of resources like land, water, low investment enterprise and animals particularly in dairy enterprise. The major opportunity reported were -high profit margin through value addition of preserved and processed food products (jam, jellies, and squash), improving quality of the products through cleaning, grading and packaging in grain selling, masala pounding and packaging enterprise etc. • In craft related activities the strength were- possessions of skill, knowledge about work area, the enterprise can be initiated at house hold level without disturbing house hold chores, feminine nature of job i.e. beauty parlor, bangle/cosmetic shop and low investment. The major opportunities were demand of the beauty parlor in recent time,

69 through little training one can incorporate variety especially in sewing and knitting, the business can be expanded. • A majority of the women entrepreneur (57.5%) had favourable attitude, while the non entrepreneur undecided attitude towards entrepreneurship. The differences were found to be statically significant (0.01 percent level). • More than half of the women entrepreneurs were engaged in craft related activities (57.5%) and less than half of them were engaged in agro based enterprises. The women entrepreneurs were carrying out activity daily from 6 to 8 hrs, in group. • The main reason for taking up entrepreneurial activity were i.e. to earn money, to support family, to become independent, easy and manageable enterprises at house hold level, possessed knowledge/skill about work area. • The major problems faced by women entrepreneurs in running different enterprises were financial problem, lack of space and storage facility, commission to middle man, lack of improved technology, children gets neglected, transportation facility, lack of resources, low risk bearing capacity and stiff competition.

From the findings of the study it could be thus inferred that agro based enterprises were the perceived need of women hence the planners and policy maker should think and promote these enterprise to rural community. Efforts should also be made to make women aware of the benefits of the entrepreneurial careers so that more women can come forward, enter into entrepreneurial world and there by improve their family status. Attention should also be given to overcome problems explored and strengthen the women entrepreneurship programme.

70 ABSTRACT

Title of Research “SWOT Analysis of Selected Entrepreneurial Activities Performed by Rural Women”

Name of Student Tara Negi Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2010

The present study was undertaken to find out the extent of involvement of rural women, extent of income generation and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the selected entrepreneurial activities i.e. shawl weaving, carpet weaving, alpana making and pine work. The study was conducted in thirteen purposively selected villages of ‘Hawalbagh’, ‘Dhauladevi’, ‘Takula’ and ‘Bhainsiachanna’ Panchayat Samities of Almora District of Uttarakhand state. A sample of 60 rural women (15 for each activity) was randomly selected for the present study. Personal interview method was used for data collection. Frequency, Percentage, Mean Weighted Scores, Mean Percent Scores and Paired‘t’ test were used for analysis of data. The major findings of the study reveal that majority of the respondents were in middle age group (31-45 years), married, educated up to middle class (25%) and high school (28.33%) and had low socio-economic status. The overall involvement of rural women in selected entrepreneurial activities reveal that different tasks viz. marketing, fixing of price, finishing of article, design selection and making, production of articles, were performed independently by the respondents whereas procurement of raw material and machinery, arrangement of finance, acquiring of license were done with the help of family members, friends/relatives and NGOs. The mean income gain from shawl weaving, carpet weaving, alpana making and pine work was Rs. 2053/-, Rs. 3216/-, Rs.1616/- and 1147/- respectively. The income of the respondents increased significantly after taking up the selected entrepreneurial activities. Majority of the respondents (85- 92%) utilized their income for fulfillment of family requirements and education of children. More than half of the respondents (60%) saved their income for future purpose. As a result of increased income respondents reported changes in food, education of children, clothing and social status. SWOT analysis of the selected entrepreneurial activities that good product life, long work experience and good family support were presented as strengths by the respondents. The common weaknesses were low rate of return, inappropriate location of enterprise and high cost of the product. Main threats revealed by the rural women were scarcity of raw material and low demand of the product in the market. Major opportunities reported by rural women were good quality of the product and remarkable designs.

71 Abstract Title of Research Information empowerment of adolescent girls through "Kishori Balika Mandal Pariyojana" Name of Student Anita joshi Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2011

The objective of the present investigation were to study the concept of K.B.M.P., the Information possessed by adolescent girls in livelihood skill education and health aspects of K.B.M.P. and expectation from the pariyojana. The study was conducted in four villages of Gogunda panchayat samiti of Udaipur district. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 beneficiaries (adolescent giris). The data were collected through personal interview with developed schedule and analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean percent score.

The major findings of the study that majority of respondents belonged to 17-19 years (46%) and 14-16 year (41%) are group, SC/ST (96%), educated up to primary school (51%) were unmarried (52%), belonged to joint family (75%), small (48%) and medium (42%)size of family and had low socio economic status(100%). Majority respondents (81%) had good knowledge of concept of K.B.M.P. and the MPS was 76.33. in the aspect of livelihood skill education of K.B.M.P. and the MPS of all the beneficiaries in the aspects was 69.01. in case of health aspect 93 per cent respondents possessed average knowledge with MPS 44.38. Respondents expected from continuation of K.B.M.P. with addition information, vocational / skill development training, free distribution of study material, visit of doctor and free medicine provision and classes for girls on health care by SMS (subject matter spec list). Based on finding a need was felt to have more intensive efforts for information empowerment of adolescent girls through "Kishori Balika Mandal Pariyojana".

72 Abstract

Employment generation among women Title of Research beneficiaries through Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

Name of Student Neha Tiwari Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree upadhyay Year 2011

The objectives of the present study were to find out knowledge of women beneficiaries about MGNREGA, income, employment of the beneficiaries and constraints faced by them under MGNREGA. The study was conducted in Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected respondents from two panchayat samities. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. Frequencies, percentage, mean percent score, paired ‘t’ test were used for analyzing the data statistically.The result indicate that majority of the respondents had nuclear family (96%) having 5-8 members, married (99%) and belonged to schedule caste (95%). More than half of the respondents could read and write (51%) and belonged to the age group of 31-45 years. All the respondents (100%) were farm laborers, had no organizational membership, landless and were residing in kuccha house. All the respondents (100%) were from low socio-economic status.Findings of the study reveal that more than half of the respondents possessed average knowledge (61 MPS) about MGNREGA. Further mean employment significantly increased from 147.6 to 244.5 mandays, whereas mean income of the majority of the respondents increased significantly from 1230/- to 1992.26/-. Study of constraints faced by women beneficiaries in gaining the benefits from MGNREGA revealed that personal and family constraints (79.16 MPS) were the major constraints faced by them. Non-cooperation of family members, too much workload, domestic work neglected, no extra work taken due to fatigue and debility and children left uncared at home. Lack of safe drinking water, lack of crèche facility, no ex- gratia payment after injury and no shade during rest period were the major worksite constraints (53.57 MPS). Operational constraints (24.37 MPS) like no extra allowances in case of delay in job card, job card not hold by real beneficiaries and inability to avail 100 days of employment under act were the main constraints faced by the MGNREGA women beneficiaries.

73 ABSTRACT Title of Research Impact of selected horticultural technologies promoted under National Agricultural Innovation Project on tribal women of Banswara district Name of Student Rashmi Dave Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Godawat Year 2011

The objectives of the present study were to study the knowledge and adoption of tribal women in selected horticultural technologies and the constraints faced by tribal women in adoption of selected horticultural technologies. The study was conducted in Garhi and Talwara Panchayat Samities of Banswara district in Rajasthan. Five villages from each panchayat samiti were selected from operational area of NAIP. The sample consisted of 90 tribal women from 10 selected villages of NAIP and 30 tribal women from 10-15 km away from operational area of NAIP. Personal interview was used for data collection. Frequency distributions, percentage, mean percent score and z-test was used for analysis of data. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (71.1%) belonged to the age group of 30-40 years of age. All of them belonged to SC/ST (100%), had joint families (63.3% ), agriculture as their main occupation (100%) and 70.0 percent had land holding above 5 Bigha. Nearly 70.0 percent respondents were illiterate.Looking to the socio economic background of the participants and non participants it was found that all of them belong to low socio economic status. The outcome of the study revealed that participants possessed average to good knowledge in all the components of selected horticultural technologies as compared to non participants and majority of the participants had medium to high level of adoption in selected horticultural technologies. The constraints faced by tribal women in adoption of selected horticultural technologies were lack of cold storage facilities, high cost of inputs, lower prices, and fluctuations in prices. From the study it could be inferred that efforts made by National Agricultural Innovation Project had helped significantly in improving knowledge regarding horticultural practices and their adoption by tribal women in horticultural technologies.

74 ABSTRACT Title of Research Opinion of Tribal Women regarding adoption of Organic farming. Name of Student Sonali Sharma Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2011

The study was conducted in four villages selected from 150 villages of Jadol, Gogunda and Kotra Panchayat Samities of Udaipur district. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 respondents from the selected villages namely Kantharia, Jambua, Dhoya and Bansaria.Interview method was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage, adoption index, mean percentage score and mean weighted score were used for the analysis of data.Findings of the study reveal, that majority of the respondents were from 18-30 years of age, all respondents belonged to scheduled caste (tribe) and adopted farming as main occupation. Majority of respondents were from nuclear family and all the respondents were member of GMKS. Regarding opinion of organic farming, majority of respondents had favourable to most favourable opinion regarding organic farming practices such as 79.0 per cent in vermicompost, 93 per cent in compost making, 89.0 per cent in mulching, 62.0 per cent in green manuring, 64.0 per cent in liquid manuring and 71.0 per cent in river bed soil. In depth opinion of organic farming practices reveal that all the technologies were time consuming but use waste material, improves soil structure, requires less irrigation, provides more nutrients and organic matter to crops, inhibit plant diseases, control pests and more ecofriendlyFindings reveal that all the respondents had medium to high extent of adoption. The adoption index and MWS was highest for mulching that is 90.75 per cent and 1.81 respectively. This was followed by vermicompost with adoption index (69.08 %) and MWS 1.38, depicting high level of adoption. In case of compost and green manure extent of adoption was found to be 62.66 per cent and 58.3 per cent adoption index 1.29 and 1.07 MWS respectively. In river bed soil, adoption index (53.37%) and MWS (1.26) and least adoption was found in liquid manure the adoption index was 47.6 percent and MWS .95 was indicating medium adoption.Major constraint experienced in adoption of organic farming practices as reported by majority of respondents were personal constraints with 2.46 MWS. Economic constraints were ranked second with MWS 2.30. Third ranked given to Technical constraints with 1.88 MWS and general constraints were lowest experienced constraints, ranked fourth with 1.21 MWS. Over all it can be concluded that, good adoption of organic farming practices and favourable opinion among respondents but it can be improved to very high extent of adoption and most favourable opinion by having cent percent adoption by tribal women of organic farming practices this will definitely help in agriculture production.

75 ABSTRACT

Title of Research Impact of National Agricultural Innovation Project on Empowerment of Tribal Women of Udaipur District

Name of Student Vandana Joshi Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhriti Solanki Year 2011

The objectives of the present study were to study the impact of National Agricultural Innovation Project on technological and economic empowerment of tribal women through animal husbandry based enterprises promoted under NAIP and constraints faced by the women beneficiaries in adoption of animal husbandry practices and enterprises. The study was conducted in eight villages of Kherwada panchayat samiti of Udaipur district in Rajasthan. For sample selection, a village wise list of tribal women beneficiaries who have been covered under animal husbandry activities of the project was obtained from VBKVK Badgoan. From the list, 15 women from each village were selected randomly to form a total sample of 90 tribal women. A matching sample of 30 tribal women was taken from the villages which were not covered under the project. The total sample of the study was 120 tribal women. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency distribution, percentage, mean percent score and z-test were used for analysis of data. Findings of the study reveal that majority of the beneficiaries and non beneficiaries were from 31-45 years of age. All the respondents belonged to scheduled tribe category and adopted agriculture as a main occupation. Rearing of cattle, goat and poultry was the subsidiary occupation of majority of the beneficiaries. Majority of the respondents were from nuclear family, had of small herd size livestock and belonged to low socio-economic status.Findings of the study clearly indicated that the “National Agricultural Innovation Project” has made significant impact in terms of technological empowerment of tribal women, as the knowledge and adoption level of the beneficiaries was significantly higher than the non beneficiaries in cattle, goat and poultry rearing practices i.e. all the components of breeding, feeding, management and health care. The Project has also contributed in economic empowerment of tribal women. Results reveal that dairy, goat and poultry rearing enterprises were adopted by 8.89, 96.67 and 78.89 per cent women, respectively. Net profit earned from dairy, poultry and goat enterprises was 6560 , 9550, 6987.5 to 25725 per year, respectively. The constraints faced by the beneficiaries in adoption of animal husbandry practices and enterprises were lack of veterinary hospital, high cost of concentrate, difficulty in selling of products and lack of credit facilities.

76 Abstract Title of Research A Comparative Study on Use of Internet among PG Boys and Girls of MPUAT, Udaipur

Name of Student Malika Dhoondhani Name of major Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Advisor Year 2012

Internet facility is widely used for research and academic work by the students. Students also use internet for various other purposes. The rapid development of internet facility in Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & technology, Udaipur has made a need to study about internet use by students. Therefore, “A comparative study on use of internet among PG boys and girls of MPUAT, Udaipur” was planned with the objectives, to explore and compare the extent of internet use by PG boys and girls, to find out the benefits of internet use as perceived by students on education, health and social life and to explore the problems faced by students in use of internet. The study was conducted in colleges of Udaipur campus of Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & technology, Udaipur namely College Of Home Science, Rajasthan College Of Agriculture, College Of Fisheries Science And College Of Technology And Engineering. A sample of 100 PG students (50 boys and 50 girls) from the students enrolled in the academic year 2010-11 and 2011-12 were selected randomly. The data were collected through questionnaire method and analyzed by using frequency, percentage, MPSs, Z test and analysis of variance. The major finding of the study were Majority of girls and boys respondents were from 20-23 years age group and belonged to other backward caste (OBC). Major places of using internet were hostel and college of the and majority respondents had unlimited internet access. Boys had high extent of internet use for education and medium extent of use for entertainment and miscellaneous purposes, while girls had medium extent of internet use for all the three purposes. Significant difference was found in internet use among boys and girls i.e. extent of use of internet was significantly higher in boys than the girls. Regarding the benefits of internet use in education, health and social life, majority of the respondents reported that internet increased general knowledge and helped in preparing notes, provided information about health policies and guided in maintaining good health. Other benefit of internet use in social life perceived by students was to know current issues happening in today’s life and come in contact with old friends not in touch. Majority of the respondents reported the problems regarding virus, overloaded information availability, unorganized information, physical health problems and slow speed. Overall it can be said that internet use had positive as well as negative experiences among students.

77 Abstract Title of Research Technological needs of farm women in cultivation and post harvest practices of Ber (Ziziphus mauritana) in Bharatpur district (Rajasthan)

Name of Student Nidhi Dubey Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhriti Solanki Year 2013

The objectives of the present study were to study the extent of participation of farm women in cultivation and post harvest practices of Ber and to find out knowledge and technological needs of farm women in Ber cultivation and its post harvest practices. The study was conducted in veer and sevar panchayat samities of Bharatpur district in Rajasthan. Five villages from each panchayat samiti were selected on the basis of highest production of Ber. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 farm women from 10 villages of selected panchayat samities. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency distribution, percentage and mean per cent score were used for analysis of data. The study revealed that 56 per cent respondents belonged to the age group of 30-45 years and 35 per cent were below 30 years of age. Majority of them belonged to reserve caste categories i.e. SC and OBC (66%), had joint families (86%), agriculture as their main occupation (100%) and had land holding above 2 hectare (49%). Nearly 50 per cent respondents were illiterate. The outcome of the study divulges that majority of the respondents (60-90%) were involved in almost all the activities of Ber cultivation either independently or jointly with the male members of the family. However, in activities like preparation of seedling, plant propagation, training and pruning, spraying insecticides and marketing, participation of women was found to be less. The respondents had poor knowledge about improved cultivation and post harvest practices of Ber with overall Mean Percent Score of 14.36. Component wise knowledge connote that the respondents had average knowledge about improved variety (56.5 MPS) and intercropping (49.5 MPS) while in rest of the aspects, the mean score was less than 52 per cent. The respondents scored lowest in the aspects i.e. propagaticn (6.0 MPS) followed by training and pruning (8.6 MPS), plant protection measures (2.05MPS), and manure and fertilizer application (0.35 MPS). A wide technological gap was observed in Ber cultivation and its post harvest practices. Highest technological gap was observed in the component mannure and fertilizer application (99.65%) followed by plant protection measures 97.95%), training and pruning (91.6%), plantation (66%), irrigation (62%), intercropping (50.5%) and improved variety(43.5%). The least technological gap was observed in the component harvesting (4.50%).

78 ABSTRACT Title of Research Technological Needs of Farm Women Regarding Post- Harvest Practices of Kinnow (Citrus Deliciosa) in Sri Ganganagar District of Rajasthan Name of Student Aastha Khatri Name of major Advisor Dr. Manju Gupta Year 2013 The present study was carried out to study the extent of participation of farm women in post- harvest practices of kinnow, to study the knowledge & adoption & to find out technological needs of farm women in post-harvest practices of kinnow. The study was conducted in Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. Two panchayat samities namely Sri Ganganagar & Sri Karanpur were selected purposively .From each panchayat samiti two villages were selected on the basis of highest production of Kinnow. The total sample consisted of 100 farm women selected from four villages of selected panchayat samities. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data from the respondents. Frequency, percentage, mean, per cent & mean weighted score were used for analysis of data. The result of the study revealed that 65 per cent respondents belonged to age group of 30-45 years and 30 per cent were below 30 years of age. Majority of them belonged to reserve categories i.e. SC and OBC (92%), had joint families (88%), agriculture as their main occupation (100%) and had land holding above 2 hectare (60%). Nearly 70 per cent respondents studied till middle and primary level. The outcome of study divulges that majority of the respondents (100%) were participating in practice of plucking of kinnow independently or jointly with male members. However, in other activities like washing & cleaning, grading, storage, processing, marketing, and transportation participation of women was found to be less. The respondents had poor knowledge in post-harvest practices of kinnow with over all mean per cent score of 28.69. Component-wise knowledge scores highlights that respondents had average knowledge in four components viz-plucking (56.5MPS), washing& cleaning (51.83MPS), packaging (40.92MPS) & grading (35.00MPS). Poor knowledge of the respondents was found in remaining five components viz. marketing (23.16MPS), storage (21.5MPS), and transportation (15.62MPS), waxing (6.9 MPS) and processing (100MPS). Similarly poor adoption of respondents was noticed with over all mean percent score of 28.80. Component wise adoption in post –harvest practices highlighted that respondents had medium level of adoption in plucking (56.5MPS) & grading (35.0MPS). In other activities like washing & cleaning, waxing, packaging, storage, processing, marketing, transportation the respondents had low level of adoption (9- 26MPS). The over- all knowledge and adoption gap in post-harvest practices was high. Components wise wide knowledge gap existed in the components - storage (78.5%), marketing (76.84%), grading (65%), and packaging (59.08%). Similarly high adoption gap was observed in the components viz. waxing (100%), processing (100%), transportation (91%) and marketing (88.86%), storage (80.29%), packaging 177.28%), washing and cleaning (74%) and grading (65%). On the basis of findings it can be concluded that wide technological gap was found in knowledge and adoption of post-harvest practices which can be minimized through education and training.

79 ABSTRACT Title of Research Assessment of functioning of Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC) and its utilization by the farm families Name of Student Manisha Pandey Name of major Advisor Dr. Dhriti Solanki Year 2013

The present study was undertaken to find out the structure and functioning of ATIC, knowledge and extent of utilization of ATIC facilities by the farm families, constraints experienced by them in utilizing ATIC facilities and constraints faced by the ATIC scientists in smooth functioning of the centre. The study was conducted in Rudrapur and Gadarpur panchayat samities of Udham Singh Nagar district in Uttarakhand. From each panchayat samiti, four villages falling in different directions (North, East, West, and South) which were within a radius of 50 km from the ATIC of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar were selected on random basis. Two categories of sample were selected i.e. farm families (farmers and farm women) and ATIC scientists. The sample of farm families constituted of 95 respondents including 80 farmers and 15 farm women who were regularly in contact with the ATIC functionaries for last 5 years. Another category of sample consisted of 58 ATIC scientists. Personal interview and questionnaire techniques were used for getting information from the respondents. Frequency distribution, percentage and mean per cent scores were used for analysis of data. The profile of farmers and farm women revealed that 44.21 per cent respondents belonged to the age group of 46-60 years and 28.42 per cent of them were between 31-45 years of age. More than half of them belonged to reserve caste categories i.e. SC/ST (38.94%) and OBC (11.57%), had joint families (61.05%), agriculture as their main occupation (100.00%), land holding between 5.1-10.0 acres (42.10%) and had annual income between ` 1.6-2.5 lakhs (33.68%). More than one third of the respondents (34.73%) were educated upto graduation level whereas, nearly one fourth of them (24.21%) had education upto higher secondary level. With regard to ATIC scientists, nearly half of the respondents (48.27%) belonged to the age group of 46-60 years, had rural background (75.86%) and were deputed at ATIC from last 5-8 years (56.89%). All of them had doctoral degree (100.00%), majority were in the rank of Professor (37.93%) and Associate Professor (32.75%), had more than 15 years of job experience (74.12%) and attended more than eight training programmes (58.62%) during their service period. The study of structure and functioning of ATIC, Pantnagar revealed that at the national level the Project Management Committee (PMC) headed by Director General, ICAR along with team members and other units (TDMC, PIU and TDU) were responsible for implementation, resource management and monitoring of the project. At Zonal level, ATIC activities were supported and monitored by Zonal Coordinator and at university level, Director Extension of State Agricultural University (SAU) along with ATIC manager and subject matter specialists were responsible for functioning of the centre.

80 There were total 70 scientists working or associated with ATIC along with eight ministrial and supporting staff. The ATIC offered research products, diagnostic services and information to the farm families. Knowledge of the farm families about ATIC revealed that majority of the farmers and farm women (54.73%) possessed average knowledge about ATIC with overall mean per cent knowledge score of 41.62. However, the extent of utilization of ATIC facilities was found to be less as reflected by overall mean per cent utilization score of 13.48. The study of constraints faced by farm families revealed that non availability of visual aids such as pamphlet, leaflets, folders etc. related to agriculture (76.84%), unavailability of plant materials and other products like poultry, processed products, livestock species, tools and equipment at the centre (72.63%), low quality of seeds (60.00%), less number of visits of ATIC functionaries to the field (58.94%), testing laboratories are far away from the centre (55.78%), non availability of need based literature (53.68%) and high cost of publications (49.47%) were some of the major constraints expressed by them while utilizing the ATIC facilities.The constraints faced by ATIC manager were insufficient supporting and technical staff, non availability of experts from each discipline, lack of infrastructure facilities, lack of timely availability of funds, lack of contingency grant and diversion of revolving funds of the centre for other uses. Besides this, lack of transportation facility for procurement of inputs (79.31%), non availability of diagnostic lab facilities in ATIC (75.86%), short supply of literature related to technology (72.41%), no remuneration for scientists associated with ATIC (63.79%), clash between duty at ATIC and college (56.89%) and unavailability of separate vehicle facility for field visits (55.17%) were the major constraints experienced by the ATIC scientists while working in the centre.

81 Abstract Title of Research Adoption of homestead technologies promoted by KVK Chittorgarh among rural women Name of Student Poonam Kumari Name of major Advisor Dr Dhriti Solanki Year 2014

The present study was undertaken to find out the knowledge and adoption of homestead technologies by the rural women and constraints faced by them in adoption of homestead technologies. The study was conducted in Bhadesar and Bassi panchayat samities of Chittorgrarh district of Rajasthan state. From each panchayat samiti, two villages where the homestead technologies have been promoted by the KVK since last five years were included in the study. The sample consisted of randomly selected 100 rural women, 25 from each village. Personal interview method was used for data collection. Frequency, percentage, mean percent score and adoption index were used for analysis of the data. The profile of the respondents revealed that 43 per cent respondents were under the age group of 18-30 years and 38 per cent were in the age group of 31-45 years. Majority of the respondents were from upper caste category (60%), were educated (71%), had agriculture as main family occupation (89%) and belonged to nuclear family (63%). Majority of the respondents (62%) were small and marginal farmers and had low socio-economic status (80%). The knowledge of the respondents about homestead technologies revealed that majority of the respondents (63%)" possessed good knowledge of homestead technologies with overall mean percent knowledge score of 68.59. The respondents scored highest in component health care (89.30MPS) followed by drudgery reduction (82.03MPS), preservation and processing (66.92 MPS) and nutrition (66.51 MPS). Regarding adoption of homestead technologies, majority of the respondents were found in medium adoption category with overall adoption index of 55.12 per cent. Adoption was found highest in the component health care (100%) followed by nutrition (77.22%), drudgery reduction (58.18%), grain storage (41.12%), environmental sanitation (36.92%) and was least in the preservation and processing with adoption index of 20.25 per cent. The major constraints faced by the respondents in adoption of homestead hoes were lack of knowledge, high cost of fruits and vegetables, high cost of appliances, non availability of printed literature such as pamphlets, leaflets, folders etc. on specific technology, inability to contact extension personnel at the time of lack of time.

82 Abstract

Utilization of Social Advertisements by Rural Families of Title of Research Udaipur (Rajasthan)

Name of Student Bhavana Jain Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2014

The objectives of the present study were to assess the awareness of selected social advertisements, to study the opinion of rural families towards usefulness of the social advertisements and to study the extent of utilization of selected social advertisements by rural families. The study was conducted in randomly selected Girwa Panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district, Rajasthan. From the selected Panchayat Samiti, four villages namely Teetardi, Seesarama, Kalarwas and Debari were selected. The sample comprised of 100 families with 200 respondents as male & female both were included. Interview schedule was developed and used for data collection. Major findings of the study were: 1. Nearly half of the respondents, male were in the middle age group while female were in the younger age group. Majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear families, were literate, had farming as their main family occupation, belonged to medium socio economic status and had high mass media exposure. 2. Majority of male (67%) and female (61%) respondents were aware about the concept of social advertisements i.e. related to their welfare published by government or others. 3. Majority of respondents (male and female) were aware and reported that selected social advertisements such as child marriage, jannani suraksha yojana, safe mother hood, save girl child, pulse polio, family planning, for infertility couple, HIV/AIDS, swine flu, save water, prohibit tobacco, stop smoking and national health insurance scheme were seen and heard by the respondents on T.V. followed by radio, newspaper, hoardings and bus . 4. More than 75 per cent respondents (male and female) received the information from the selected social advertisements as – • Child marriage is illegal and right marriage age for girls and boys is 18 years and 21 years respectively. • In jannani suraksha yojana Free provisions during institutional delivery, caesarean delivery, free medicines , check up, free blood facility to women. • For safe motherhood taking healthy foods during pregnancy. • Stop sex determination to save girl child.

83 • Polio makes child handicapped and child may die. • Have two children per family and keep gap of three years between two children. • B.P.L. people get free treatment. • Sexual relation with strangers causes HIV / AIDS. • One of the symptom of swine flu is running nose. • Use filtered water. • Smoking is injurious to health and it is prohibited. • Tobacco is injurious to health, dangerous to life and it causes cancer. 5. Majority of male respondents had most favourable or unfavorable opinion and nearly equal number of female respondents had favorable and most favorable opinion towards social advertisements. None of the male and female respondents had unfavorable opinion towards social advertisements. 6. Information received from social advertisements was used by male and female respondents for personal as well as for other as per its applicability. 7. Social advertisements information was used by majority of the respondents for the purpose of awareness. 8. The problems faced by good number of respondents during utilization of information from social advertisements was mainly forgetting the information. 9. Suggestions for better use of information from social advertisements were to hold meeting & discuss with uneducated person or explain old people. It can be said that people are developing awareness and utilizing social issues information from social advertisements but to have more impact, additional efforts with social advertisements are needed.

84 Abstract Title of Research Utilization of Protective Measures against Domestic Violence by the women of Slum areas of Udaipur city Name of Student Jaimala Jain Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Godawat Year 2014

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to study the knowledge of women about domestic violence and its protective measures and extent of utilization of protectives measures and extent of utilization of protective measures by the women. The study was conducted in four slum area of Udaipur city having maximum population of slums. Total sample of the study consisted of 100 slum women. In order to get firsthand information from the victim of domestic violence 3 cases of the area who were using any of the effort to combat the problem of violence were studied. Interview schedule was prepared for getting information from the respondents. Frequency and percentage, mean percent score and mean weighted scores was used for analysis of data. The personal profiles of slum women revealed that majority of the respondents (78%) were in the age group of 15-25 years. Half of the respondents were from SC/ST, nearly one fourth of them belong to OBC and remaining respondents were from SBC. More than one third of the respondents were housewife and one fourth of the respondents (78%) are from joint family consisted of 5-8 family members. Majority of the respondents (68%) got married as per the desire of their parents where as one fourth of the respondents took self-decision for the selection of their life partner. The outcome of the study revealed that majority of the respondents (52%) were in the category of poor knowledge whereas 40 per cent of them were in the category of average knowledge. A very few 8%respondents were in good knowledge category. With regards of the components wise knowledge of the respondents about domestic violence general knowledge of the respondents about concept, perpetrators and victims of domestic violence was ranked at first position with 44.36 MPS whereas second rank was assigned to their knowledge to their knowledge about causes of domestic violence was at the third rank with 41.02 MPS. Further their knowledge about physical and psychological consequences of domestic violence was ranked forth position with 31.8 MPS. The extent of utilization of protective measures (government and non-government efforts) to combat domestic violence against women was found to be low as reflected by Mean Weighted Scores (0.17). Lack of knowledge, financial problem, lack of trust on husband and other family members and lack of support from relatives and friends were the common reasons for not utilization of various measures as reported by the respondents. An overview of the case study revealed that slum women themselves were not using any protective measures against domestic violence but they were suggested and guided by their relatives and neighbors to reports to police station and to file the case in family.

85 Abstract

Utilization of Selected Information and Communication Title of Research Technologies by Agriculture Extension Functionaries of Udaipur District, Rajasthan Name of Student Kahkanshan Name of major Advisor Dr. Asha Godawat Year 2014

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to assess the knowledge and extent of utilization of selected Information and Communication Technologies and to explore the constraints faced by the Agriculture Extension Functionaries in use of Information and Communication Technologies.The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan state. The total sample of study was 120 Agriculture Extension Functionaries consisted of 10 Agriculture Officers, 55 Assistant Agriculture Officers and 55 Agriculture Supervisors. Data were collected by personal interview using interview schedule developed for the purpose. Frequency and Percentage and Mean Percent Score were calculated for analyzing the data.The results of the study revealed that all Agriculture Officers and majority of the Assistant Agriculture Officers had good knowledge about selected ICTs i.e. Mobile phone, Internet, e-mail, Video conferencing, Web site, Social networking site, e-choupal, Kiosk and Power Point Presentation and except concept and purpose of ICTs poor knowledge was found among Agriculture Supervisors. The extent of utilization of selected ICTs all Agriculture Extension Functionaries used Mobile phone for personal and official purpose. Agriculture Officers always used Internet, e-mail and Social networking sites (facebook and twitter) whereas, Video conferencing, Web site, e-choupal, Kiosk and Power Point Presentation were used some times by them. Majority of the Assistant Agriculture Officers always used e-mail and social networking site (facebook). majority of the Agriculture Supervisors rarely used remaining ICTs and none of the Assistant Agriculture Officer and Agriculture Supervisor used e-choupal and Kiosk.Lack of knowledge about ICTs, computer illiteracy, lack of confidence in use of ICTs and did not have internet facility at their office because of limited budget were personal and administrative constraints as perceived by the majority of the Agriculture Supervisors and 74-91 per cent Assistant Agriculture Officers and Agriculture Supervisors reported that they did not have their personal computer at office and were also restricted to use these facilities available at their Head Quarter office. Lack of local language software (36.66%), Limited internet server (26.66%), Power cut (33.33%), Problem of viruse (48.33%), Slow download speed (40%) and lack of security (45%) were the major technological constraints as reported by majority of the Agriculture Extension Functionaries Overall view of the results shows that Agriculture Officer possessed good knowledge and were using all the selected Information and Communication Technology as compared to Assistant Agriculture Officers and Agriculture Supervisors. Hence there is a need to organize training programmes on ICTs for extension functionaries to enhance their knowledge and competence in utilization of Information and Communication Technologies and should also be provided with ICTs facilities.

86 Abstract

Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Rural Women in Title of Research Dairying

Name of Student Nishu Kanwar Bhati Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2014

The present study was undertaken to study the personal and socio-economic characteristics of rural women involved in dairying, their entrepreneurial behaviour, association of the entrepreneurial behaviour with personal and socio-economic characteristics and the constraints faced by rural women in dairying. The study was conducted in five villages of randomly selected Lunkaransar panchayat samiti of Bikaner District of Rajasthan state. A sample of 100 rural women (20 from each village) involved in dairying and possessing at least three milch animals was randomly selected for the present study. Personal interview method was used for data collection. Frequency, percentage, mean percent score and chi square test were used for analysis of the data.The major findings of the study reveal that majority of the respondents were married (88%), illiterate (64%), possessed large herd size (50%) and had low socio economic status (63%). More than one third respondents were 31-45 years old (39%) and belonged to upper middle class (40%). Majority of the respondents (69%) had medium entrepreneurial behaviour while 31 per cent were in the category of low entrepreneurial behaviour. Majority of the respondents had low innovativeness(70%), medium co- ordinating ability(73%), low planning ability(83%), low information seeking behaviour(100%) and medium cosmo-politeness(55%) whereas 42-53 per cent of the respondents were having medium achievement motivation(43%), medium decision making ability(42%), low risk orientation(53%) and low self confidence(41%). Socio personal variables like education, land holding, livestock ownership, economic motivation, scientific orientation and market orientation were found to be associated with the entrepreneurial behaviour of the rural women in dairying, whereas variables such as age, occupation, family type, family size and socio economic status were not associated. The major constraint faced by the respondents in dairying were non availability of green fodder, shortage of water for green fodder production, poor results of artificial insemination practices, high cost of animals and lack of education.

87 ABSTRACT

Adoption of Guava Cultivation Technologies by Rural Title of Research Women of Chittorgarh District, Rajasthan Name of Student Priya Bhati Name of major Advisor Dr Asha Godawat Year 2015 The present study was undertaken with the objectives to find out the knowledge and extent of adoption of guava cultivation technologies by the rural women and to explore the constraints in adoption of guava cultivation technologies.The study was conducted in four villages namely Swaroop ji ki khedi, Vamanheda, Kharnai and Dhagad mau khurd of Begun and Bhaisrodgarh panchayat samities of Chittorgarh district. The total sample of the study consisted of 100 rural women. Data were collected by personal interview technique using interview schedule developed for the purpose. Frequency, percentage and Mean Per Cent Scores were calculated for data analysis.The result of the study revealed that the respondents had average knowledge about guava cultivation technologies with overall 51.58 MPS. Majority (96%) of the respondents were in the category of average knowledge and 4 per cent of them were in good knowledge category. With regard to component wise knowledge of the respondents good knowledge was found in plant propagation, intercropping, land preparation and pit digging, improved seed variety, mulching, irrigation management and agro climatic condition and soil and average to poor knowledge was found in plantation, manure and fertilizers application, training and pruning and plant protection measures.The results of the study indicated that respondents had medium level adoption of guava cultivation technologies with overall 37.81 MPS. More than half of the respondents (55%) were in medium level category of adoption and 45 per cent of them fell in the low level of adoption category. Component wise extent of adoption, high adoption was found in technologies related to improved seed variety, intercropping, plant propagation, harvesting and land preparation and pit digging and medium to low level of adoption was found in plant protection measures, manure and fertilizers application, training and pruning, mulching, irrigation management and plantation.High mortality rate of plants during initial stage, lack of storage facility, high post-harvest losses, threats from wild and stray animals, long vegetative period, disease sensitivity, fluctuation in market price, lack of preservation industry and technically know-how were the major constraints faced by the rural women in adoption of guava cultivation technologies.Overall view of the results shows that rural women possessed average to good knowledge about guava cultivation technologies but the adoption level of these technologies was found to be low as compared to their knowledge. The reasons might be that high cost of planting materials, insecticides and pesticides, disease sensitivity, fluctuation in market prices, lack of transportation facility and high mortality of plants during initial stage. Thus it is suggested that efforts should be made to motivate rural women for adoption of guava cultivation technologies through skill oriented training programs and exposure visits at different institution involved in TOT.

88

ABSTRACT Title of Research Utilization of Information Sources by Home Science Students of Udaipur, Rajasthan

Name of Student Vindyawali Guruji Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata Maheshwari Year 2014

For college students, it is of utmost need to utilize various types of information sources for completion of their course programme. Students use various information sources to fulfill their needs. The rapid development of information sourcing facility in College of Home Science, Udaipur, Rajasthan has made a need to study about utilization of information sources. Therefore, "Utilization of Information sources by Home Science Students of Udaipur, Rajasthan" was planned with the objectives, to find out the information needs of Home Science students related to academic, employment, socialization and entertainnar study the extent of utilization of information sources by Home Science students for fulfilling the needs and to explore the constraints faced by students in use of information sources. The study was conducted in College of Home Science, Udaipur, Rajasthan. A sample of 100 students, from the students enrolled in the academic year 2013-14 was selected randomly. The data were collected through questionnaire method and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and mean weighted scores. The major findings of the study were • Maximum respondents (58%) belonged to 21-25 years age group, 51 per cent belonged to general caste, 63 per cent belonged to nuclear family and 58 per cent belonged to small size family. Family occupation of good number of respondents was government job. Maximum respondents were following English medium in education and had medium mass media exposure. Majority of the respondents were using library (98%), friends (98%), internet (98%), teachers (95%) and family members (92%) as general information sources. • Information needs: Needs were studied in relation to academic, employment, socialization, entertainment and miscellaneous needs. • In Academic needs, majority of the respondents (80 — 98%) need information for general awareness, programmes of study, practical work, for participation in class discussion, skill development, course work, fill online examination form, books information, scholarship information, improve computer knowledge, latest development in the field, searching online results, journals related information, improve work habits, universities offering higher education, access case studies, previous year papers, awards and motivation/inspiration. • Regarding employment needs majority of the respondents (82 - 97%) required information for a job after graduation/ post graduation, for job interview, government vacancies, online application, prepare resume and online exam.

89 • Majority of the respondents (91- 94%) need information related to current issues, to maintain social relationships, establish contacts with old friends in socialization needs. • Regarding entertainment needs, 91 per cent respondents need to listen music/ see movies, 88 per cent searched magazines/ newspapers for stories, 87 per cent download movies/ games/ song and 85 per cent to see online movies/ videos. • Respondents (80 - 96%) need miscellaneous information about current affairs, general awareness, health information and different tour places. • Respondents were using books, newspapers and interne to great extent with MWSs 2.79, 2.66 and 2.59 respectively. Other information sources such as T.V., e-mail, magazines, radio, journals, e-books and bulletins were used to some extent with MWSs 2.49, 2.34, 2.09, 1.83, 1.70, 1.67 and 1.54 respectively. E-journals, thesis, database, multimedia CDs and encyclopaedia were used to least extent. • Respondents were utilizing the information sources to some extent for academic needs with MWSs 1.91. The information sources were utilized to least extent for employment, entertainment, socialization and miscellaneous needs. • In constraints, respondents faced resource constraint to some extent in print as well as electronic sources with MWSs 1.60 and 1.50 respectively. Technical and personal constraints were faced by the respondents to least extent in both print and electronic sources. Based on these findings efforts can be made by the administration to increase the use of resources by the students and increasing the resources facilities to fulfill various information needs.

90 ABSTRACT

Title of Research “Knowledge and Utilization of Selected Services of State Department of Agriculture among Farm Women” Name of Student Shalini Pandey Name of major Advisor Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2015

The present study was undertaken to study the knowledge and utilization of selected services of the State Department of Agriculture, Rajasthan among farm women and the constraints faced by farm women in utilization of the services. The study was conducted in four villages of randomly selected Mavli panchayat samiti of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. A sample of 100 farm women was selected for the present study. Personal interview method was used for data collection. Frequency, percentage, mean percent score and paired t-test were used for analysis of the data. The major findings of the study reveal that majority of respondents were married (96%), illiterate (55%), had joint family (73%) with medium family size (70%). More than one third respondents were 45-60 years old (42%) and belonged to OBC (52%). Farm women had medium knowledge about KSK, subsidy and soil testing with a mean percent score of 65.72, 64 and 62.25. Further about farm broadcast, farm newspaper and farm telecast services; respondents had less knowledge with MPS of 40.57, 39.42 and 34.33 respectively. Respondents had poor knowledge regarding other services like water testing, KCC and crop insurance, while farm women didn’t had any knowledge regarding farmers’ portal. Selected services were utilized to poor or average extent only. Utilization of soil testing service was found highest among the respondents followed by Kisan Seva Kendra service with a mean percent score of 55.33 and 52.61 respectively. All other selected services had low extent of utilization. Subsidy had a low utilization with a mean percent score of 31.09, similarly farm telecast, farm broadcast and farm newspaper had poor utilization with MPS ranging between 11.90- 20.62. It was disappointing that very few respondents were utilizing water testing (MPS 5.33), crop insurance (MPS 3.85) and KCC (MPS 3.65) services of the department. Further none of the respondents was utilizing farmers’ portal. Low level of education and too much work load in the family were the main personal constraint reported by the respondents. Unfair distributions of inputs and inadequate availability of agricultural inputs were the major constraints faced by the respondents in utilization of KSK. Major constraints in utilization of KCC were hesitation to make a call to stranger, lack of awareness regarding KCC and poor communication skill. Regarding constraints faced in utilization of farmers’ portal, all the respondents stated lack of awareness about farmers’ portal, unavailability of internet in the area and inability to explore internet as main constraints. Lack of awareness was main constraints in utilization of farm broadcast, farm telecast, farm newspaper, crop insurance and water testing service.

91 ABSTRACT Title of Research Utilization of Services under Wadi Project of NABARD by Tribal Women of Udaipur district, Rajasthan

Name of Student Priyanka Meena Name of major Advisor Dr Dhriti Solanki Year 2015

The present study was undertaken to find out the knowledge of the tribal women about Wadi project, utilization of Wadi project services by the tribal women and constraints faced by them in utilization of Wadi project services. The study was conducted in Kherwada panchayat samiti of Udaipur district, Rajasthan. From the selected panchayat samiti, four villages and from each village 25 tribal women were selected randomly. The total sample consisted of 100 tribal women. Interview technique was used to collect information from the respondents. The interview tool consisted of four sections i.e. general information about the respondents, knowledge of the tribal women about different aspects of Wadi Project, the utilization of various services of Wadi project and constraints faced by the beneficiaries in utilization of the project services. Frequency, percentage and mean per cent scores were used to analyze the data. The profile of the respondents revealed that more than half of the respondents (56%) belonged to the age group of 31-45 years and 54 per cent were between 18-30 years of age. Majority of the respondents were under reserve caste categories which included SC/ST (69%) and OBC (18%). Regarding education 94 per cent women were illiterate. Farming was the main occupation of all the respondents however, 30 per cent respondents were also engaged in farm labour as subsidy occupation. Majority of the respondents (55%) were from nuclear family having 3-4 members. More than 60 per cent respondents were residing in mixed house. All the respondents had land holding of less than 2.5 acres (Marginal). None of the respondents had membership of any formal/informal organization. Majority of the respondents (95%) were from low socio- economic status. Knowledge of the tribal women about Wadi project services revealed that majority of the tribal women (94%) possessed average knowledge with overall MPS 49.62. The utilization of Wadi project services was found to be medium as reflected by overall MPS 40.21. The study of constraints faced by the tribal women revealed that non-availability of testing laboratories in the village (95%), lack of knowledge about availability of technical literature such as pamphlets, leaflets, folders etc. at the project office (75%), lack of female project staff (85%), inadequate number of trainings (65%) and inadequate supply of horticulture plants (65%) were the major constraints experienced by the respondents in utilization of the project services.

92 ABSTRACT

Title of Research Adoption of Entrepreneurial Activities Promoted by Selected NGOs among Rural Women

Name of Student Purva Daya Name of major Advisor Dr Vishakha bansal Year 2015

The objectives of the present study were to explore the entrepreneurial activities promoted for rural women through selected NGOs, study the adoption of entrepreneurial activities by the rural women and problems faced by them in adoption of these activities.The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan state. Two panchayat samities i.e. Gogunda and Kherwara where both the NGOs namely Seva Mandir and Aajeevika Bureau are working were selected. Two villages each from both the panchayat samities i.e. Dudhi and Dadmiya from Kherwara and Junthri and Saklal from Gogunda were randomly selected. To explore the entrepreneurial activities promoted by NGOs, the project officer of the NGOs were included in the sample. A sample of 25 rural women was randomly selected from each village making a total sample of 100 women from four villages. Data were collected with the help of questionnaire and interview schedule. Frequency and percentage were used for analysis of the data statistically.The results of the study indicated that total seven entrepreneurial activities have been promoted by the NGOs during last 5 years which includes vegetable production, flower cultivation, stitching enterprise, goat rearing, dairy enterprise, beauty parlour and fish culture. Seva Mandir trained total 270 women in different areas through organizing 15 trainings and Ajeevika Bereau trained 125 women through organizing 8 trainings of 15 days to 3 months duration.Finding of the study indicates that majority of the respondents were married (89%), illiterate (46%), had joint family (95%) with medium family size (48%). Family occupation of all the respondents (100%) was farming. More than one third of the respondents (77%) were in the age group of 31-45 years and belongs to SC category (41%). Only eleven per cent respondents were the members of formal organization i.e. self help group.It was found that 34 per cent respondents have adopted different enterprises. Out of the total adopters, 70 per cent women adopted goat rearing enterprise, stitching enterprise (48%), vegetable production and flower cultivation enterprises were adopted by the same per cent age i.e. 37.5 per cent. Nearly one fourth (23%) of the respondents adopted dairy enterprise whereas, beauty parlour enterprise was adopted by less than one fourth (20%) of the respondents. The main reasons of initiating entrepreneurial activities were desire to earn money (100%), to support family (88.23%) and enterprise can be managed at household level (85.29%). It was found that 100 per cent respondents did not adopt the fish culture enterprise whereas, 79.17 per cent were non-adopters of beauty parlour enterprise. Similarly, 76.47 and 62.5 per cent respondents were non-adopters of dairy, vegetable and flower cultivation enterprises. Half of the respondent (52%) from stitching and 30 per cent of goat rearing enterprise were non- adopters. The main reasons of non-adoption were lack of knowledge, money and family

93 support.Regarding income generation, it was found that average net profit earned from vegetable production, flower cultivation, goat rearing and dairy enterprise was ₹ 15733, ₹ 17,300, ₹ 28200 and ₹ 26100, respectively. In beauty parlour and stitching enterprise average income was generated as ₹ 20,524 and ₹ 14030 per year.The major problems faced by the all respondents in adoption of different enterprises were identified as lack of money, lack of irrigation facility, lack of transportation, lack of health care facility and scarcity of water.

94

ABSTRACT

Title of Research Knowledge and Utilization of rural credit by rural women Name of Student Priyanka Rana Name of major Advisor Dr Rajshree Upadhyay Year 2015 The objective of present study were to find out the knowledge of rural women about rural credit, utilization of rural credit and problems experienced by them in accessing rural credit. The study was conducted in four villages of randomly selected Mavli panchayat samiti of Udaipur district of Rajasthan. A sample of 100 rural women was selected randomly for the present study. Personal interview method was used for data collection. Frequency, percentage, mean percent score were used for analysis of the data. Results of the study reveal that majority of respondents were married (90%), had nuclear family (80%) with medium family size (70%) and belonged to upper middle class (60%). Half of the respondents were 30-45 years old (50%) ,educated up to primary school (35%) and had low socio economic status (65%) Findings reveal that 72 per cent rural women had average knowledge regarding rural credit while 28 per cent respondents had good knowledge with overall MPS of 67.95. Most of the respondents (94%) knew concept of the rural credit. Majority of respondents knew that credit can be taken for consumption (80%) and production (75%) purposes. More than one third of respondents (40%) knew about Kisan credit card (KCC) followed by agriculture implements loan (35%) and vehicle loan (35%) whereas 30and 20 percent mentioned about home loan and kisan gold card respectively. Regarding utilization of rural credit, majority of the respondents (62%) had low utilization of rural credit followed by 37 percent of the respondents with medium utilization with overall MPS of 22.71. Majority of the respondents used loan amount for production purposes i.e. repayments of old debts, purchase of animal feed, social obligations and medical treatment. Study of problems experienced by rural women in accessing rural credit reveal that the respondents reported the problem of necessity of timely repayment with the mean percent score of 87, need of collateral security for obtaining personal loan to high extent with the MPS of 83.87, non availability of immediate loan with mean percent score of 82, loan amount was less than required amount (MPS 76.33), non availability of documents(MPS68.33) and long distance of the bank from the village (MPS66).

95 ABSTRACT Title of Research “Utilization of e-Mitra Services by Rural Youth” Name of Student Premlata Ameta

Name of major Advisor Dr Asha Godawat

Year 2015

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to find out the knowledge of e-Mitra project and extent of utilization of e-Mitra services by the rural youth and the constraints faced by them in utilization of these services. The study was conducted in five gram panchayat of Mavli panchayat samiti of Udaipur district of Rajasthan state. A total sample of 100 rural youth (50 girls and 50 boys) was selected for the present investigation. A questionnaire was developed by the investigator and was used for getting information from the respondents. Frequency, percentage and Mean Percent Scores were used for analysis of the data.The personal profile of rural youth indicated that more than sixty per cent respondents were in the age group of 20-24 years. More than half of the respondents were from OBC, nearly one third of them belonged to general caste, 53 per cent respondents had agriculture as a main occupation and 41 per cent of the respondents were graduate.The outcome of the study revealed that the respondents had average knowledge about e-Mitra project and its services with overall 38.51 MPS. Majority (70%) of the respondents were in the category of average knowledge and 29 per cent of them were in poor knowledge category. Component-wise knowledge of the respondents highlighted that respondents possessed good knowledge about payment of utility bills (73.46 MPS), services of e-Mitra project (68.88 MPS) user’s & projects merged in e- Mitra project (68.33 MPS) and submission of application forms (65.68 MPS). However an average knowledge was found in components of general information about e-Mitra project (60 MPS), concept and objectives (61.83 MPS) and services of private sector (58.33 MPS). Further the respondents possessed poor knowledge in public grievance services (6.28 MPS) of e-Mitra project.With regard to extent of utilization of e-Mitra services by the respondents was found to be poor with 26.43 MPS. Majority of the respondents (65%) were in the category of low level of utilization whereas 35 per cent respondents were in medium level category of utilization of e-Mitra services. None of the respondent was found in the high utilization category. Component-wise extent of utilization of e-Mitra services by the respondents was found to be average in component of payment of utility bills (36.10 MPS) and low in the components of submission of application forms (24.80MPS), private sector services (24.61 MPS) and public grievance services (0 MPS). Problem of virus(50%), limited internet server (40%), opening and closing time (40%), lack of technical support (38%), power cut (36%), slow download speed (35%), software problem (30%) and lack of trained staff (30%), Lack of

96 confidence (30%), lack of knowledge (29%) and lack of interest (25%) were the major technological, organizational and personal constraints expressed by the rural youth in utilizing e-Mitra services. Overall view of the study indicated that the rural youth possessed low to average knowledge about e-Mitra project and its services but the utilization level of these services was found to be low as compare to their knowledge. Thus it is suggested that the youth should be made aware about e-Mitra project through publicity and training programmes to enhance their knowledge and to make them comfortable in use of ICTs and e-Mitra services.

97 Abstract Title of Research Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies by Farm Women of Udaipur District, Rajasthan. Name of Student Diksha Paliwal Name of major Advisor Dr. Snehlata maheshwari Year 2015

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to study access and utilization of Information and Communication Technologies, find out benefits of use of ICTs and explore the problems faced by the farm women in use of ICTs.The study was conducted in one randomly selected panchayat samiti Girwa from Udaipur district of Rajasthan state. From the panchayat samiti, 4 villages namely Sakroda, Buzda, Kaladwas and Debari were selected and 25 farm women were selected randomly form each village between 20 -40 years with minimum secondary education. The total sample of study was 100 Farm Women. Data were collected by personal interview using developed interview schedule. Frequency and Percentage were calculated for analyzing the data.Major findings of the study reveal that majority of the respondents belonged to 26 – 35 years age group, were married, main occupation was farming and business/services, belonged to schedule tribe and schedule caste, were from nuclear family with medium size family and had no membership in any organization. Further, majority of the respondents had family income between Rs. 10,000 – 20,000, had ownership of TV, mobile phone and News paper. Major information sources used were by the respondents neighbor, relatives, friends and TV.All the respondents have access to TV, Mobile Phone and less than half of the respondents had access to other ICTs i.e. radio, internet, computer and basic phone. Use of ICTs for agriculture, animal husbandry and general purpose was reported by few respondents only. The ICTs were reported to be used by the respondents for entertainment, news and personal communication. The benefits reported by the respondents in use of ICTs were knowledge of developmental programmes for women and children, saves time, getting latest information, information within no time, increase education, to know credit sources, get answer to each and every query and reduce face to face meetings. Majority of the respondents reported the problems as not having own ICTs tools, lack of interest, financial problems, lack of confidence in operating ICTs, lack of time, lack of technical knowledge, signal problem, non functioning of ICTs, inadequate physical facilities, lack of electricity and inadequate repair facilities. Overall it can be said that there is need to promote ICTs use to obtain agriculture and animal husbandry information.

98

M Sc Research Abstracts

Department of Textiles and Apparel Designing

College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 1. Miss Shruti Agrawal Dying of woolen knitting yarn with 1999 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. selected Natural dyes and Judging their Srivastava acceptability for Men’s knitwear ABSTRACT The effect of colour on eyes has been very real to man from the he came on earth. Dyeing is one of the most fascinating art, adding beauty to world. The ancient crafts of colouring textile material either by the process of dying or printing appears to have originated thousand years ago.in early times plant world furnished the principle sources of dyestuffs by which man obtained colours. But with the advent of synthetic dyes flourished the markets due to its good performance properties. Despite of its acceptance throughout the world synthetic dyes and their effluents are found to be very hazardous and toxic from health point of view and the safety of environment too.Today awareness of the consequences of polluting the earth has gained momentum resulting in a search for alternative industrial processes which are less polluting. The use of natural dyes is one of the possibilities in achieving the above objective. Better biodegradability, long endurance and soft lustrous clolouring adds value to use of fibre. Naturally dyes wool and woolen knitting yarns have tremendous scope in Hosiery and knitwear industry within India and abroad. With this in mind the present research work was conducted entitled “dyeing of woolen knitting yarns with selected natural dyes and judging their acceptability for men’s knitwear”. The experiments were carried out with Babool bark, Kesula flowers, Ratanjot roots and ratanjot leaves as selected dye sources. Four mordants namely alum, ferrous sulphate, chrome and stannous chloride at three different concentrations i. e. 2 percent, 4 percent and 6 percent were tried out by premordanting method. All the dye sources produced soft, lustrous, subtle colour which were earth friendly and soothing in appearance. Aesthetic appeal was judged and it was found that 6 percent chrome concentration dyed with babool bark andratanjot leaves produced best results. However 4 percent chrome concentration dyed with kesula flowers and ratanjot roots had best aesthetic appeal. The colour fastness of dyed woolen knitting yarn to washing and light ws assessed and it was seen that all the four natural dyes produced fair to very good wash fastness and fair to good light fastness. Twenty best shades, comprising five shade from each dye source were selected out of the forty eight shade developed. The criteria of selection were highest aesthetic appeal and colour fastness properties. For judging the acceptability of naturally dyed woolen knitting yarn for men’s knitwear, samples were knitted on flat bed knitting machine in size of 8”x8”. Personal liking and visual appeal, appropriateness of shade for adult’s and old aged’s knitwear and suitability of the shade for other knitted design were the basis of judgment. It was found that all the shades developed were highly preffered by judges and 6 percent ferrous sulphate concentration dyed with babool bark had maximum acceptability for men’s knitwear. However, 2 percent alum treated sample dyed with babool bark, kesula flower, ratanjot root, ratanjot leaves and ferrous sulphate 6 percent concentration dyed with kesula flowers were also at par to the highest. Only 2 shades out of selected 20 best shades were fairly accepted for men’s knitwear. But the difference in high and fair acceptability was found to be very less. So all the shades are highly to fairly acceptable for men’s knitwear. Thus, it can be concluded that, natural dyes can be successfully used to dye woolen knitting yarn for men’s knitwear.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 2. Miss Dolly Mogra Optimization of Dyeing process for wool 1999 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. with Natural Dye obtained from Naspal Srivastava

ABSTRACT Colour had played a dominant role in the life of man and an important part in adding beauty to the world since time immemorial. Ancient man stood in awe before his variegated environment. He observed the blue sky above and the blue green sea beyond. He witnessed the change of seasons that transformed the many colours of spring and summer to the earth tone shades of fall and winter, the flaming brilliance of plant life, all these were create strong desire to bring colour to his drab surrounding. Primitive man persisted in his search for the elusive recipes and dyeing was born. The natural colours used by our ancestors were non toxic and safe with their soft and lustrous effect. In the middle of the 19th century when perkin discovered mauve the chemistry of dyes and technology of dyeing has progressed very rapidly. As a result, the natural dyes were push into oblivion. But the synthetic dyes are found to be unsafe, there by creating environmental pollution and health hazards. So there is a strong need to revive the historical art of dyeing with the standard procedure for their application. With this in mind the present search was conducted entitled “optimization of dyeing process for wool with natural dye obtained from naspal (punica granatum). The experiments were carried out with dried naspal rind powder as a dye source which is a vegetable waste. Three different mordants namely alum, chrome and ferrous sulphate at three different concentrations i.e. 2,4 and 6 percent wee tried out with all the three mordanting method in both acidic and alkaline medium. The dye concentration, dye extraction and dyeing time were optimized. 1. It was found that 6 gm dye concentration, 30 minutes extraction time and 60 minutes dyeing time were selected as optimum to give maximum dye absorption. 2. On the basis of judges ratings 2 per cent concentration was found to be best for alum, chrome and ferrous sulphate mordant. 3. Out of the three mordanting methods it was observed that pre mordanting gave the best results with alum and chrome in acidic medium. Post mordanting displayed good results with

alum and chrome in alkaline medium while FeSo4 portrayed better performance during simultaneous mordanting and dyeing in both acidic and alkaline medium. Dyeing in acidic medium were found to be best with alum and chrome mordant. The colour fastness properties of these samples exhibit fair to excellent ratings (3 to 5) to washing, light and perspiration. 4. Nespal rind dye extract produced soft. Lustrous colours ranging from mustard, yellow ochre. light brown, brownish green, mehndi green, black etc. The acidic medium produced lighter shade than alkaline medium which are very pleasing and soothing in appearan Finding of the study thus led to conclusion that naspal rind can be effectively used to dye woolen yarns with satisfactory results in context to wash, light and perspiration fastness. The beautiful and fast shades produced by naspal rind dye can easily find a place in the colour schemes of today

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 3. Miss Shruti Aeron A comparative study of selected natural & 2000 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. synthetic modrents in Dyeing of wool with Srivastava the Extracts of Dhawdi flower. ABSTRACT Colour had played a dominant role in the life of man. Since times immemorial colouring is one of the most delightful arts, and also a most responsible branch of manufacturer as a good dyer makes a manufacturer wealthy, happy and renowned. The Indian weaver, spinner, dyer and printer altoughter have produced a range of beautifully coloured, hand printed fabrics making India famous all over the world. During the last few years the world has become increasingly aware of the environmental issues. The role of the dye and coloration industries in introducing pollutants and contaminate into the environment has been hardly criticized. Thus elaborate research and developmental work has extensively started to assess the hazardous nature of these synthetic dyes and develop natural dyes. Natural dyes are excellent for their gentle, soft and lustrous colouring. Even after a long period, they retain great beauty and charm. Most natural dyes are known for colour experimentation; however they will not adhare permanently to fibers unless they are used in combination with chemicals called mordents. Mordents are also known to provide a variety of colours with the same dye material. Thus, the present investigation was carried out on “ comparative study of selected natural and synthetic mordents in dyeing wool with the extract of Dhavdi flowers (woodfordia fruiticosa)”. For this work the colour was extracted from the dried Dhavdi flowers. Three natural and three synthetic mordents were used in three concentrations by three different mordanting methods, for dyeing wool samples. Thus, after experimenting with them in fifty- four combinations nearly eleven variety and asored shades were achieved ranging from earthy tones of natural mordants to bright greenish and yellowish tones from synthetic mordents. On statistical analysis it was found that the results of natural mordents were at par with the synthetic mordents. The best mordanting result was obtained with Harade along with Naspaal, chrome and copper sulphate. The pre and post mordanting method were found to be the best. There was not much effect of mordent concentration with natural mordents but as the concentration of synthetic mordents was increased, deeper dyeing were obtained. The colour fastness ratings fall in the category of fair to good light fastness and fair to very good wash fastness for both natural and synthetic mordanted samples. Thus, Harade and Naspaal mordents can be successfully used for dyeing wool with Dhavdi flower extract giving an environmental friendly process and product. Synthetic mordants must be used at lower concentration (1%) to do the least harm to our environment and achieve bright and beautiful shade range.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 4. Miss Sonu Mehta Changing Trends in Traditional Bhil 2000 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. costume and developing patterns for Srivastava Hkhyks dh ikjEifjd os’kHkw’kk esa construction. cnyrs ifjos”k vkSj mlds fuekZ.k gsrq uewuk fodflr djuk A

ABSTRACT

Costume is an eminent form of expressing an individual and also an excellent portrayal of beauty. As Bhils are known for their rich treasure of culture in which costume in one of the important aspect. Thus in order to explore the Bhils costume, coiffure and ornaments the study, was conducted in Kotra panchayat Samiti of Udaipur district (Udaipur stands, second in the concentration of Bhils population in Rajasthan) on 120 respondents from 4 villages. The major finding revealed that the traditional costume of Bhil female was kanchli, odhni and gherdar ghaghra while dhoti, kurta and pagadi was found to be the traditional costume of Bhil male. The changes were found in the costume from last 2 decades only. Two different styles of ghaghare i.e. pleated and petticoat style and blouse had been adopted by Bhil female while pant and shirt had been adopted by males. These people generally wore tailor made garments and preferred synthetic material in their costume due to its multiple advantages over cotton. Heavy silver metal jewellery was worn by both male and female in their different body parts. The only change observed in the jewellery was the total absence of pijani (leg ornament of females) which was widely prevalent traditionally. Tattooing was still prevalent and preferred among that Bhil community. However the changes were observed in the amount of tattooing. Previously it was done on various body parts with voluminous designs, but now it has been considerably reduced. One interesting change was observed in the concept of Bhil’s regarding the selection of children’s garment, earlier they used to provide the miniature form of adult garments but now it has been totally replaced by frock, skirt toppers, knickker etc. the suitable pattern was developed for the identified costumes of both male and female and fitting trials were done. The change has been observed in the Bhil costumes since last 2 decades and it is basically due to their increased interaction and mobilization towards urban areas.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 5. Miss Rupal Babel Testing effectiveness of existing common 2000 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. household stain removing practices for Srivastava cotton clothes and developing appropriate

Stain removing kit. lwrh diM+ks ij ?kCcs gVkus dh ?kjsyw fof/k;ks ds izHkkohdj.k dk v?;;u ,ao ,d mi;qDr /kCcs gVkus ds fdV dk fodkluA ABSTRACT The study was conducted to test the effectiveness of existing common household stain removing practices for cotton clothes and developing appropriate stain removing kit. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase included household survey and second phase was of laboratory experiments. In the first phase, household survey was conducted to find out the most commonly occurring stain removing practices adopted by the housewives. The common stains came out to be the stains of haldi, tea, oil, ink, grease, ball-pen, sketch pen, milk, mehandi and rust. Also the existing stain removing practices were identified. These practices were then teasted in the laboratory to judge their effectiveness. It was found that the housewives were able to remove the fresh stains of tea, haldi, grease, nail-paint, blood, mehandi, egg & fruit juice, while other stains were not removed satisfactorily. Then, a standardized stain removing kit, consisting of a pamphlet and various stain removing materials, was developed to aid in the removal of all the identified household stains. This kit was then evaluated by housewives to judge its efficacy and usability. It was found that the kit was excellent and highly useful for the housewives.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 6. Miss Poonam Evaluating the effectiveness of labels in 2000 Dr.Meenu Rajsinghani readymade knit wear’s. cktkj fufeZr cqus gq, Srivastava M.Sc. ¼uhVsM½ oL=ksa esa ysoy dh izHkkforrk dk ewY;kadu ABSTRACT Today, wide range of readymade garments are available is both knitted and woven form. The popularity of readymade knit wears in today’s context is increasing at a fast rate as elasticity, wrinkle resistance, comfort and porosity features are of primary importance to the consumers of these garments. Present study has been undertaken with different objectives to evaluate the effectiveness of labels. The study was undertaken in two phases. The local market survey and household survey. To find out whether the knitwear labels adhere to the labeling laws and regulations, evolution of knitwear labels was also done through close observation and on the basis of information collected from the shop keepers with the help of interview schedule by studying their use by the consumers in selection, care and maintenance of readymade knitwear and consumers satisfaction level with the present day labeling of readymade knit wears was also judged. The salient findings of the study were:- A. By the market survey:- A total No. of 90 retail counter were selling readymade knitwear of different types for the males and females of different age groups including t-shirts, socks, baba-suits. Undergarments, skirt blouse, pullovers, cardigans etc. none of the label from total collected labels (90) of knitwears met the labeling requirements in all respects on the other hand labels wear totally absent on the slacks hand gloves, half jackets, cycling shorts and swimming costumes. It was found that 37.5 percent labels of upper knitwear, 30 percent and 70.58 percent of miscellaneous knitwear labels had the information about fibre content and percentage of fibre. Brand name of the knitwear was present more than 85 percent labels of the total labels of all the knitwear. Size of the knitwear was found in higher percentage (70%) of upper knitwear as compared the with labels of full dresses (39.39%) and miscellaneous knitwears (47.05%) certification mark was not present on the labels of full dresses, while 10 percent labels of upper knitwear and 11.76 percent labels of miscellaneous knitwear contains the certification mark. None of the labels fully comply to the care labeling act. Information about pilling was absolutely absent in all labels. Store than 50 percent labels of upper knitwear contains the washing and ironing instructions as compared with more than 50 percent labels of full dresses and more than 75 percent labels in case of miscellaneous knitwear. Information about bleaching and drying was higher in miscellaneous garments. One fourth of the total labels provided the misleading information to the consumers. B. By the house hold survey Majority of consumers prefers both readymade and homemade knitwears of all types. 37.5 percents used only the readymade knitwears. Prime importance was given to the appearance, quality, style and design, while selecting a readymade knitwear by 96.25 percent respondent. One third of the respondents also gave preference to information present on labels. Laundering of the knitwears was done at home by higher percentage of respondents. 34.75 percentage respondents always dry clean their woolens, 31 percent respondents takes the services of dhoti for ironing, rest of them ironed their knitwears at home woolens were stored by packing them in polythenes with repellants by majority of respondents. 70 percent of consumer aware about labels and 85 percent of the total respondent knew about the labeling details. The information present on labels was read by 76 percent respondents before purchasing and they opined that labels were helpful in better selection. Care and maintenance of knitwears. All of them followed the care instructions given on labels. Only 55 percent of the total respondents have the knowledge of care symbols. Symbols of drying were not identified by even a single respondent. Satisfaction of consumers with the labels of readymade knitwear seas fair as majority of the respondents were only partially satisfied with the labels and they reported that all the labels were not carrying the sufficient information and information regarding fiber content, colorfastness, pilling or shrinkage of 48.75 percent respondents found that sometime s the information present on labels was misleading and incorrect. Labels were found to be partially effective in selection care and maintenance of readymade knitwears. The outcome of the study was developed of two ideal labels one for woolen and other knitwears having two fold advantages to help the manufactures of readymade knitwears having two fold advantages to help the manufacturers of readymade knitwear to comply with the labeling laws and to benefit the consumer by having with the labeling laws and to benefit the consumer by having full informative labels on each knitwear.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 7. Miss Shilpa Kinra An Exploratory study of Family clothing 2000 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. practices of Rural women. cktkj xkzfe.k Srivastava efgykvks dh ikfjokfjd oLHk i)fr;ks dk

leUos’kf.kd v/;;u A ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to find out the “Family clothing practices of Rural women”. Following point were kept in mind under the study: - Background information - Family clothing status - Decision making pattern - Selection and purchasing - Expenditure pattern - Storage, care and maintainance A sample size of 100 respondents was selected by random sampling method from the villages namely 2G, GG, 9G, JG, Gg and Tatarsar of Sriganganagar distric of Rajasthan. The data was analyzed for statistical treatment in the light of objectives of the study. The salient findings of the study were as follows: 1. The main occupation was found as labour and majority of families were earning below 3000 Rs. Per month. 2. The casual garment for females and males, were mainly found as Salwar suit and Pyjama kurta respectively and the blended fabrics were mainly used. 3. The major decision maker about clothing was the female members of the family. 4. The respondents were found to be more quality conscious than the quality of the garment, and the number of garments increased as the income increased. 5. While selecting fabric or garment, durability, wash ability, season, colour, print and price were kept in mind by majority of respondents, while very few respondents also supported the point like shrinkage and wrinkle resistance and it was found that tailor-made garments were most preferred by the respondents. 6. ‘Hand me down’ clothes were used by family members and renovation of the clothes was also done. 7. Majority of respondents lacked knowledge about labels and renovation of the clothes was also done. 8. There was an active participation in clothing purchases by majority of respondents. 9. Regarding care and maintenance of family clothing, washing and done at home, daily by the female members of the family and beating method was most preferred and repairing of clothes was also done. 10. For starching clothes, homemade rice starch was used by few respondents but blueing was done by majority of respondents. 11. Regarding storage of woolens, naphthalene balls were considered most suoitable.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 8. Miss Sangeeta Effect of selected natural days 2001 Dr.Meenu vaishnav on various physical parameters Srivastava M.Sc. of woolen fabric. Åuh oL=ksa dh fofHkUu HkkSfrd fo”ks’krkvkss ij p;fur izkd`frd jaxks dk izHkko Abstract

In every civilization from remote ages to the present day, colour has played an important role in adding beauty to the world. The art of dyeing was discovered during the bronze age and since then pigments and dyes have made the life of man more lively, colourful and pleasing. In recent years, the concern for environment and awareness of toxicological effects of synthetic dyes during production and harmful effects on skin during wearing has created an increasing interest in natural dyes. Therefore, natural dyes are gaining much more importance. Naturally dyed wool and woolen fabric have tremendous scope in hosiery and woolen industry within India and abroad. With this in mind the present work was conducted entitled “Effect of selected natural days on various physical parameters of woolen tabric”.the experiments were carried out with Kessula flowers, Ratanjot leaves, Babool bark and Dhawdi flowers as selected dye sources. Three mordants namely alum, ferrous sulphate and chrome at three different concentrations i.e. 2,4 and 6 percent concentration for chrome and ferrous and 5,10 and 15 percent concentration for alum were tried out by premordanting method. All the dye sources produced soft, lustrous, subtle colour which were eco friendly and soothing in appearance. The effect of dyes on physical properties of woolen fabric was analysed and it was seen that more or less all selected physical properties was affected during dyeing. it was found that expect some treated samples almost every sample increased in their weight, thickness and in thread count in both warp and weft direction. It wasa also observed that except few samples all the sample had increased in their tensile strength but decreased in their elongation per cent when compared with original sample. To find out the acceptability of best shade rating proforma was developed to judged luster and texture properties by a panel of judges.in casemof luster it was concluded that 6 percent concentration of chrome give good result in Kesula, Dhawdi, Babool dye. 2 and 4 percent concentration of ferrous secured good rank in Kesula and Dhawdi and 5,10 and 15 percent concentration of alum was ranked good for babool, kesula and dhawdi, ratanjot. In case of texture it was found that 6 percent concentratin of chrome give best ranks in kesula, dhawdi and babool dyes 4 percent concentration of ferrous was best for kesula and babool. 5 percent concentration was best for dhawdi best for dhawdi and ratanjot and 10, 15 percent concentration of alum gives best results in kesula and babool dyes. Thus, it can be concluded that, selected natural dyes i.e. kesula flower, dhawdi flower, babool bark and ratanjot leaves do not pose any harmful effect on physical properties of woolen fabric except in case of ratanjot dyed samples where tensile strength was found to be decreased remarkably as compare to other dye sources. These dyes can be successfully used to dye woolen fabric. Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 9. Miss Nisha Efficiency of deferent treatments to 2001 Dr.Meenu Garg prevent damage of household woolen Srivastava M.Sc. textiles from wool molt. ?kjsyw Åuh oL=ksa dks Åuh dhMksa )kjk gksus okyh {kksr ls cpkus

gsrq fofHkUu mipkjksa dh izHkko dkfjrk dk v/;;uA

Abstract

The study was conducted to find out the efficacy of different treatments to prevent damage of household woolen textile from wool moth. The study was carried out in two phases. The forst phase included household survey and secondary phase was of laboratory experiments. In household survey, existing storage practices of woolen textiles at household level, were find out. The most common treatments used for safe storage of woolens were Naphthalene balls, Neem leaves, wrapping in newspaper. Some other treatments which were proffered due to pungent/pleasant smell were garlic (dry ), whole red chilli (dry ), cloves,blackpepper, soap and odonil. Among all these treatments most popular was Naphthalene balls, since it was used by 100 percent respondents. However, the amount use did not prove to be satisfactory as reported. In the laboratory experiments, it was found that one larvae of wool moth can create extreme damage of wool and consume 0.8 percent wool out of 1 gram within 15 days. Therefore to prevent woolen textiles, from damage of wool moth five treatments were selected for laboratory experiments. These treatments were cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos from chemical group and Neem, mint and Eucclyptus leaves from vegetative group. It was found that cypermethrin at 0.0020 percent concentration and chlorpyriphos at 0.0015 percent were effective on 4th day and 2nd day, causing 100 percent mortality among larvae. In vegetative treatments Neem leaves at 5 percent and Mint leaves at 9 percent concentration was found effective on 8th and 10th day. Here mortality rate of larvae was also 100 percent without causing surface cropping and weights loss thus working as moth proofing substances. The fifth treatment i.e. Eucalyptus leaves worked as moth repellent substances as it did not cause any mortality among the larvae’s and wool damage was also not observed even at much higher concentration. Hence, it can be concluded that all the five treatments were effective at household level to prevent the woolen textile from wool moth, without causing any harmful effect on fabric.

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Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 10. Manisha Mathur Optimization of dyeing process for natural 2001 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. protein fabrics with congress Grass Srivastava (parthenium histrophrous) and analysing the died sample for toxic residues. dk¡xzsl ?kkl )kjk izkd`frd izksVhu oL=ksa dh vuqdwyrk jaxkbZ izfd;k ,ao jaxs uewuks esa fo’kkDr vo”ks’kksa dk fo”ys’k.kA

ABSTRACT Colour is a vital and vibrant ingredient of our existence that it is difficult to imagine what life would be like without it. A colour makes things beautiful and improves appearance. In the ancient time all the colouring matter were extracted from the naturally available dye sources. But the natural dyes were pushed into oblivion by the synthetic dyes from mid-19th century. The expanding demand and utilization of synthetic dye stuff, the environmental pollution and hazards have also been felt. However in the present context of eco preservation, a growing trend towards the application of natural colouring materials has been observed. Many researches are being undertaken for extraction of dyes from different natural sources. Weed can also be used as a dye source as they are widely grown everywhere and create problem of irradiation. Hence, the researcher made an effort to extract dye from the leaves of the “Parthenium histrophrous”, a weed plant. It is a photo periodically and thermoperodically natural plant that can be grown in almost all kind of soil. It is widely spread noxious weed, which causes dermatitis and asthmatic problems. With keeping this in mind the present research was conducted entitled “Optimization of dyeing process for natural protein fabrics with congress Grass” (Parthenium histrophrous) and analyzing the dyed sample for toxic residue. The experiments were carried out with dried congress grass leaves powder as a dye source. The dye extraction method, pH of dye liquor, dye extraction time, dyeing time, dye material concentration and mordents concentration were optimized. 1. Aqueous method of dye extraction was found to be the best having highest optical density value. 2. For dyeing experiments in acidic medium pH-4 of the dye liquor was observed as optimum on the basis of maximum dye absorption. 3. The optimized dye material concentration was 4g/g for wool and 3g/g for silk. 60 minutes of dye extraction and dyeing time were selected as optimize to give maximum dye absorption. 4. In the case of wool, following mordents concentration were optimized i.e. 10% alum, 1% chrome, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and 4% stannous chloride. For silk 5% alum, 1% chrome, ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride and 2% copper sulphate mordents were optimized for shades development. 5. The results of presence of toxic substance in the dyed sample exhibited encouraging. As the presence of toxic substance i.e. “ Parthenin” in the dye extract was negligible. No harmful effect of dyed samples was observed in spite of wearing fabric band continuously for 30 days by the sample subjects. 6. The wash fastness properties of these dyed samples exhibited fair to good, rating (3-4) for change in colour and negligible to no staining (4-5) on adjacent fabric. Average to good (5-6) ratings towards the light fastness were observed. Findings of the study thus led to conclusion that “congress grass can effectively be used as a natural dye source for protein fabric without posing any toxic effect on human skin. The beautiful and fast shades produced by the congress grass can easily find a place in the colour schemes of today.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 11. Rashmi Gaur Changing Trends in Traditional kota 2001 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. doria work is in Rajasthan. jktLFkku esa Srivastava ijEijkxr dksVk Mksfj;k dk;Z esa cnyrs

ifjos”kA Abstract

Kota district of Rajasthan is famous all over the world for its most fabulous and unique Kota doria work. This work catch the attention of number of viewer by their marvelous appearance and eye catching beauty. Not only this world famous Kota is an incomparable example of the changing trends of fashion with need and time.

Keeping in view these characteristics of Kota doria, the main two objectives, that have been formed for the present research work are –

1. Documentation of the traditional motifs, looms, weaving pattern, colour combinations, weaving procedure etc. 2. Exploration of the changing trends in traditional doria work, since last 2 decades.

To achieve objectives and to fulfill the need of research, survey cum exploratory research method was found to be the most suitable and justifies. Sample size of 90 was sufficient so serve our purpose and that comprised of 2 groups craftsman and mediators, was kept 2:1. A separate questionnaire cum interview schedule was framed to serve as a tool for exploring the 2 groups. The most highlighting that evolve out of the research work revealed that, ot’s a inherited work that as learnt through generations and was done most commonly by the muslim cast “Lulaha”. Simple plain weaving pattern is used to make these Kota doria articles. In this work raw materials are cotton and silk. Earlier only cotton sarees were made but with the passage of time trends and patterns have become flexible. These changes were accompanied first by the infusion of silk, eventually by the incorporation of Zari. Now these days P.C.M. threads, synthetic yarn and tissue are also used. Now pure fold Zari is also used profusely, however two decade before it was used rarely. Earlier pagdi was used most often but now the use is almost negligible. At present time’s sarees Dupatta, Suits are more in trend and fashion. Earlier for doria weaving simple pit loom was used, that’s why designs were quite limited, but now dobby and jaequard attachments have made it possible to develop on them almost all sorts of designs. Simple dyeing, tie and dye and multi-coloured effect have also been incorporated in it which have given a new dimension to this art. In the beginning only primary and secondary colours were used, whereas attic time all types of colours are being used tougher with their numerous combinations. At present time block and screen printing are used. However the use of block printing is declined now a days whereas screen. Printing was not used 20 years before in this craft. Natural and synthetic, both dyes are used for dyeing and printing. Earlier khat was made 1280-1320 lengthwise and 280-320 widthwise. Now they are being made more intricate and compact. earlier the prepared articles were exported to America and Singapur only, but now Kota doria has been exported to USA Britain, Italy, Morishash, Arab countries, Europe, Jermany ect. This Kota doria has been endangered by the duplicate work of Banaras because they are very similar in appearance but much different in raw material, Craftmanship and intricacy. This duplicate work is very cheapop and deteriorates easily. Therefore its sale under the name of Kota doria articles has threatened the actual Kota doria work.Technical advancements, the intervention of mass media. Changing trend of fashion and the tremendous market demand, all have contributed enormous changes and significant revolution in the field of kota doria.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 12. Miss Manisha Choudhary Microwave dyeing of wollens yarns 2002 Sudha Babel M.Sc. using kesula flowers (An exploratory study)

dslqyk Qwyksa )kjk Åuh oL=ksa dh lq{erjaxh; jaxkbZ ,d vUos’k.k v?;u A Abstract

Colour had played a dominating role in the life of man. Since time immemorial colouring is one of the most delightful art and also a most respectable branch of manufacturer as a good dyer makes a manufacturer wealthy, happy and renowned. During the last few years the world has become increasing aware of the environmental issue. The role of the dye and coloration industries in introducing pollutants, and contaminate into the environment has been harshly criticized. Thus, elaborate research and developmental work has extensively started to assess the hazardous nature of these synthetic dyes and explore new sources of natural dyes. Natural dyes are excellent for their gentle, soft and lustrous colouring. Even after a long period, they retain great beauty and charm but the procedure of dyeing is very time consuming and tedious. Thus, there is a strong need to introduce the unconventional dyeing techniques and standardizing the dyeing procedure for their application.with this in mind, the present research was conducted entitled “Microwave dyeing of wollens yarns using kesula flowers An exploratory study”. The experiments were carried out with dried kesula flowers powder as a dye source. Three different mordents namely alum, ferrous sulphat and tannic acid at ten different concentrations were tried out with premordanting method in both acidic and alkaline medium using microwave dyeing technique. Dye material concentration, dye extraction time, dyeing time and three best concentration of each mordant’s were optimized.

1. 4 gm dye material concentration, 5min. extraction time and 10 min. zapping time were selected as optimum to give maximum dye absorption. 2. On the basis of judges rating and statistical analysis it was found that in acidic medium 15%, 20% and 25% conc. of alum mordants, 2%, 4% and 6% for ferrous sulphate and 2%, 5% and 6% tannic acid mordants were found optimum. In alkaline medium 5%, 10% ans 15% for alum, 4%, 6% and 9% for ferrous sulphate, 2%,6% and 8% concentrations for tannic acid gave better shades. 3. Dyeing in acidic medium was found to be best with all the three mordants. 4. The colourfastness properties of these samples exhibit fair to excellent ratings towards washing, perspiration and sunlight. 5. Kesula flower dye extract produced soft, lustrous colours ranging from yellow, light brown, orange, pale yellow, lemon yellow etc. the acidic medium produced lighter shades than alkaline medium which are very pleasing and soothing in appearance. Finding of this study thus led conclusion that microwave dyeing technique can be effectively used to dye woolen yarns with satisfactory results in context to wash, sunlight and perspiration fastness.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 13. Miss Madhu kulhar Development and field testing of user 2002 Sudha Babel M.Sc. friendly software for bandana designers.

ckU/kuh uewuks ds fy;s mi;ksxdrkZ lgk;d lksWQVos;j dk fuekZ.k ,ao {ks= ifj{k.kA Abstract

The present study was conducted to developed and judging effectiveness of user friendly software for bandhani designs.The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase included survey and secondary phase was of experimentation work. That is development of user friendly software for bandhani designs. In the survey two groups was interviewed, 15 bandhej workers and 15 wholesalers. Retailers and boutique owners. All the 30 respondents was interviewed through a interview schedule, to find out information about existing trends/status of bandhej craft. It was found that bandhej play an important role in Rajasthani’s clothing and in traditional textiles also.it was also found that there is a need to improve skills and creativity of designer and bandej workers. Hence a user friendly software was developed. The software for bandhani designs was developed to document the prevailing designs, creating new designs, displaying new ideas and placement of pattern in very less time. The software was evaluated by 15 judges in the panel comprising of resource persons/faculty staff of college. For this purpose the developed software was shown to the judges and their opinion/comments were recorded on a rating Performa developed. It was found that developed software can be useful for target group. The software is useful for users to improve their skill and creativity in designing with bandhani motifs. This can help in increasing production and sale of badhani articles thus meeting the fashion demand in Rajasthan and India.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 14. Smita Mishra Analysis of Body image and its impact 2003 Sudha Babel M.Sc. on clothing behavior of adolescent girls. fd”kksfj;ksa ds “kkjhfjd Lo:Ik dk fo”ks’k.k o muds oL= O;ogkj ij bldk izHkkoA Abstract

The present study was undertaken with an objective to “Analysis of Body image and its impact on clothing behavior of adolescent girls”. It was conducted in Udaipur with purposively selected 100 adolescent girls. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data. Collected data was analyzed by frequency and percentage. Results of the study shown as below 1. Majority of respondents ranked themselves as normal weighted, attractive and smart. But from researcher with only one-third of respondents were belonged to normal weight category. 2. More than half of sample thought that they had normal body type followed by slender and fatty body. 3. Two-third of respondents did not camouflage body parts. They did not know about camouflage the figure through clothing. 4. Majority of respondents influenced by fashion or mass media. Almost one third of subjects avoided body revealing dresses and clothes which enlarges the body size. 5. Maximum respondents wanted to change in height, thighs and bodies, for avoiding these problems majority of respondents to wear horizontal lines and tight garments. 6. Almost one-third of respondents were highly satisfied with their body-image, half of respondents satisfied and remaining were dissatisfied. 7. Majority of respondents had dark colour for casual wear, party wear and sports wear, over weighted girls had maximum knowledge of colour as compared to other two groups. 8. In case of texture, mostly sample had soft and clingy texture for different dresses. more than half of respondents knew that texture used to camouflage figure characteristics and majority of girls of over weight wore texture according to their figure. 9. Majority of respondents had vertical lines for casual, night and sports wear but diagonal lines more preferred for party wear. Average and over weighted girls had adequate knowledge of line as compare to under weight girls. 10. In case of pattern, over weight girls wore small prints according to their figure. More than two-third of respondents knew that pattern make the garments more attractive followed by to create designs, 11. More than-third of respondents had average clothing behaviour and remaining near about one-third had good and poor clothing behaviour according to their figure. 12.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 15. Reena kumari An exploratory study on clothing care 2003 Sudha Babel M.Sc. and maintenance practices of rural women of Hanumangarh District.

guqekux< ftys esa xkzfe.k efgykvksa ds oL= j[kj[kko ,ao ejEer i)fr;ksa dk leUosf’kd v/;;u Abstract

Proper care of clothing keeps it in good condition and increases its life. The present study was conducted to find out the clothing care and maintenance practices of rural women. A sample size of 100 respondents was selected by random sampling method, from the village Lilawali of Hanumangarh district of Rajesthan. The data was analyzed for statistical treatment in the light of objectives of the study.

1. Regarding care and maintenance of family clothing, washing and done at home, daily by female members of the family and beating method was most preferred. Repairing and mending of clothes done by running stitches. 2. Majority of respondents sorted coloured clothes separately according to their colour fastness and soaked clothes in cold water for 30 minute to 2 hours. While kitchen napkin and heavily soiled white clothes soaked in hot water for more than 2 hours. 3. Soap cake like Nirol was considered most suitable for washing all types of garment. Few respondents used detergent powder and mild detergent like “ Ezee” for limited clothes. 4. Majority of respondents removed the stains like tractor oil, haldi stains, mud stains, blood stains and grass stains in fresh condition. The main problems were found in removing iron rust, ghee stains and tea stains. 5. For starching clothes, home made rice starch was used but bluing was done by majority of respondents using powder blue. 6. Majority of respondents dried all clothes on rope line in the sunlight. 7. Ironing of clothes was done by majority of respondents using non-automatic iron. 8. Majority of respondents used iron boxes with newspapers at the bottom to store the clothes with use of cloth covers on the box. 9. Majority of respondents stored the cotton clothes and zari clothes with usual family clothes while woolen clothes were stored separately. 10. Regarding storage of their clothes in store place by washing them after one wear and before storing expose the clothes to the sunlight according to season by majority of respondents. 11. Regarding storage of woolen clothes naphthalene balls was used by most of the respondents. 12. Majority of rural women cleaned the storage place once in a year.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 16. Miss Pallavi Agrawal Optimization of storage conditions for 2003 Sudha Babel M.Sc. selected indigenous Dye sources for Åuh lq=kas ds jathdj.k gsrw wool dyeing [kqfunka ikjEifjd jatd L=ksrksa ds laxzg.k dh fLFkfr;ksa dk vuqdwyu A Abstract

Colour had played a dominant role in the life of man. Since times immemorial colouring is one of the most delightful arts, and also a most responsible branch of manufacturer as a good dyer makes a manufacturer wealthy, happy and renowned. The Indian weaver, spinner, dyer and printer altogether have produced a range of beautiful coloured, hand printed and fabrics making India famous all over the world. During the last few years the world has become increasingly aware of the environmental issue. The role of the dye and colouration industries introducing pollutants, and contaminate into the environment has been harshly criticized. Thus, elaborated research and developmental work has extensively started to asses the hazardous nature of these synthetic dye and develop natural dyes are excellent for their gentle, soft and lustrous colouring. Even after a long period, they retain great and charm. Most natural dyes are known for colour experiment, however they will not adhere permanently to fiber unless they are used in combination with chemicals called mordant’s. Mordant’s are also known to provide a variety of colours with the same dye material. For commercial use of natural dyes, storage of dye source is an important aspect, as most of the dyes are not available throughout the year e.g. flowers, fruits, shrubs, leaves etc. some may overgrow and sunlight may destroy the pigment responsible for the colour of the dye. Thus, the present investigation was carried out on “Optimization of storage conditions for selected indigenous Dye sources for wool Dyeing” for this work dye was extracted from Black Kikar Bark and Barberry Wood power. Four mordants i.e. Alum, Chrome, Copper Sulphant and at three different concentrations along with premordanting method were used to optimize safe storage condition for dye liquors up to 5 days using acidic pH i.e. 4, 5, and 6 at both temperature Vs refrigerated condition. Results showed that 6 gms and 3 gms of dye material concentration, 60 minutes of dye extracting time, 60 and 45 minutes of dyeing time were selected as optimum to give maximum dye absorption for Black Kikar Bark and Barverry Wood respectively. Present dye absorption increases after each day of storage and it was found maximum in aqueous medium of dye extraction. An important observation was the presence of very thin layer of fungus on the dye liquor stored at room temperature and after the 3rd day of storage at pH-4 and 5 in both extracts. Lighter shades were developed, when dyeing was carried out with fresh dye extract. Present dye absorption was higher at refrigeration condition at all the three pH and with both the dye sources. Better shades were developed with aqueous dye extracts of both dye sources having pH-4 and 5 respectively.

Thus, it can be concluded that aqueous dye extract of Black Kikae Bark and Barberry Wood can be successfully stored at refrigeration condition up to 5 days.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 17. Miss Shweta Metha Pichhavais of Nathdwara-An 2004 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. Exploratory study. ukFk)kjk dh fiNokb;k¡ Srivastava vUos’k.kkRed v/;;uA

Abstract

Nathadwara city of Rajasthan is famous all over for its most fabulous and unique Pichhavai painting. This art catches the attention of number of viewer by their marvelous appearance and eye- catching beauty. This famous Pichhavai art is an incomparable example of traditional textile painting which is done by natural colours. To achieve the objectives of present study a survey cum exploratory research design was used. A sample size of 42 respondents was selected purposively; pretested structured interview schedule was used for data collection. The most highlighting feature that evolve out of the research work revealed that it is hereditary occupation passed from father to son and was done most commonly by Hindu caste ‘Brahmin ‘. All the respondents were well educated; Pichhavai making was not their sole source of income. In this cotton, cambric and silk were most frequently used clothes. The process of Pichhavai making was same for all of the respondents. Firstly lei of wheat flour or arrowroot are applied on to cloth followed by outline drawing. Sketching the design and then filling colours in design, lastly, border is made with floral sprays. Krishna Leila themes and “Shrinathji ke manorath” were usually used by artist. Most of the respondents got the idea for themes and motifs from old Pichhavais. The most commonly used motifs of Pichhavais were peacock, lotus flower, celestial chariots, cows and calves and “Jhari” etc. the designs for Pichhavais were selected as per customer’s demand. Natural and synthetic colours were used in making Pichhavais. Among natural colours both vegetable as well as mineral were used. Due to time consuming process of colour making by natural sources. Respondents are now shifting towards readymade synthetic colours due to their ready availability in local market. Hence the need arises to motivate the artists for make use of natural colours which are available in their surrounding in abundant amount. Majority of respondents spent 4-6 hours/ day in Pichhavai making. Common sizes which were usually made were 11/2 x3ft, 3x5ft, 4x6 ft, 6x8ft and 10x12ft, price of the Pichhavai was determined according to workmanship, material used or theme of Pichhavai. All the respondents made Pichhavais on order basis and kept prepared Pichhavais. Majority of respondents sold the Pichhavais at their own shops in local market. And some respondents sold Pichhavais to other retailer and wholesalers. Few respondents it is also export the Pichhavais to other countries like USA, Canada, Japan, Newzeland, Italy, Hongkong, Spain etc.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 18. Miss Vini Saroha Information empowerment of rural 2004 Sudha Babel M.Sc. woman for establishing micro- enterprises through natural Dyes. izkd`frd jaxks ij vk/kkfjr y?kq m/kksxksa dh LFkkiuk gsrq xkzfe.k efgykvksa esa lwpuk l”kfDrdj.kA Abstract

Development of family, society and ultimately the country depends upon the developed of it’s female counterpart. Women are the indicator of society’s progress and prosperity. Besides the household task, women constitute a significant part of labour force mostly in informal sectors. While playing the role of wage earner along with the household chores their responsibilities and burden doubled and they have to expert themselves in between these twin roles. The opportunities have been open for rural women in the field of ‘natural dyeing’ colour has played a dominant role in the life of man. During the last few years the world has become increasingly aware of the environmental issue. Natural dyes are excellent for their gentle, soft and lustrous colouring. Even after a long period, they retain great beauty and charm. Most natural dyes are known for colour experimentation. So in the present study rural women were exposed to various micro enterprises based on natural dyes. The objectives of the present investigation were to study the existing knowledge and identify the training needs of rural women in the natural dyes and micro-enterprises based on natural dyes. An intervention information package was developed for imparting training to rural women. Impact of training was assessed through developed package on information empowerment of rural women in terms of gain in knowledge. The study was conducted on 30 sample subjects of Kanpur village of Udaipur district of Rajasthan state. The desired information was collected regarding existing knowledge about natural dyes and related micro enterprises through interview method. The major findings of the study were- Majority of the respondents (43.3%) were in the middle age group. Married (93.3%) and (83.33%) belonged to nuclear family. More than 70% respondents (80%) had no land and animals. Majority of respondents were not aware about the natural dyes and its components i.e. meaning. Source, usefulness of natural dyes etc. the developed intervention package was used for information empowerment of rural women through training for impact assessment in terms of gain in knowledge. The respondents after training showed significant improvement in gain in knowledge in all the components of natural dyes and related micro enterprises.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 19. Mamta Kanwaria Production processing and Marketing 2004 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. of wool in Bikaner district of Srivastava Rajasthan: An analytical study. jktLFkku ds chdkusj ftys esa Åu mRiknu] izfd;k ,ao cktkjhdj.k dk fo”ys’k.kkRed v/;;uA Abstract “ Bikaner has been the biggest woolen mandi not only in India but also in Asia. The city has been a center of wool trade. For 185 years the wool from Bikaner is being used at Badhodi. Utter Pradesh for making of quality carpets” The carpet weaving with the yarn of Bikaneri Sheep has satisfied a large number of customers here and abroad and has been plying an important role in the local economy. The present research is to describe and document the process, techniques, raw material used by Bikaner wool producrs. For research purpose a sample of 25 wool processing units were purposively selected from industrial area of Bikaner. An interview schedule developed by researcher was used to collect data. The Salient findings of the study

• In context to structure of wool processing industry major findings revealed that it was a urban based large scale industry. The entire process was by machines. • Raw material for making yarn was procured from local, national and international markets. The Bikaneri wool was blended with New Zealand wool for carpet pile. • All the respondents follow same steps for processing of wool and closely observe the steps of manufacturing for quality assurance. • Wool production over the period of 1999. The highest increase in wool production was found to 108.4 crores, the production estimates also envisaged a rising production trend during the last five years. The highest increase in the estimated wool production was observed during the year 2003. • It was found the cost of raw wool ranged from Rs.50 to 65 per kg Cost of processing was Rs.50 to 65. Thus the cost of finished wool ranged from Rs.100 to 130 per kg. • The profit gained by the wool producers ranged from 10 to 25 percent. Hence this business was considered as profitable by nearly all the respondents.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 20. Miss Pooja Gaba An exploratory Research on “design 2005 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. development from the sculptures of Srivastava chaturmukha jain temple of Ranakpur”. j.kdiqj ds prqeqZ[k tSu efUnj dh uDdk”khnkj ds )kjk uewus fodflr djuk ,d vUos’k.kkRed v/;;uA Abstract

For thousand of year, man has felt the urge to decorate textiles by the means of weaving, dying and printing. Every year hundreds of textile prints are introduced in the market for different apparels and household furnishing items and every print is different from the another. India has a rich cultural heritage and its historical monuments are great source of inspiration for textile designers and artistians. The chaturmukha Jain temple of Ranakpur, 90k.m. away from Udaipur is best sculptural details and its beautiful carvings. Inspired the researcher to developed new designs suitable for different items. An interview schedule was used to collect the desired information. A total number of eighteen designs were developed, from eight best thems selected by the researcher. A rating Performa was developed by the researcher to select the best nine designs for different apparels and household furnishing items. Further, the selected designs were simulated 27 times on computer to select the best nine placements, prior to actual printing on materials. The screen printing technique was chosen for printing the topper, dupattas and bed sheets. A five point ranking Performa was given to 30 sample subjects comprising of assistant prof. and PG students of H.Sc. college, Udaipur to find acceptability of the developed articles. 1. The cost of the designed items was not found very expensive, when compared to other readymade toppers, dupattas and bed sheets available to the market. 2. The developed designs were highly appreciated by the judges and consumers as shown by their higher acceptability (above 80% for each category of selected clothing items). Thus, it is concluded that developed designs, being inspired from historical monuments were found totally fresh and unique by the judges and consumers.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 21. Miss Saroj Palawat Impact of Dying units on environment 2005 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. and health hazards of dying workers Srivastava t;iqj ftys dh jaxkbZ of Raipur District. bZdkb;ksa dk okrkoj.k o jaxkbZ dk;ZdrkZvksa ds LokLFk; ij tksf[ke iw.kZ izHkkoA Abstract

The textile industry is the second largest industry in India and India has a long rich tradition of producing variety of textile. Sanganer town and Bagru village situated at Rajasthan, famous for printing and dyeing industries.’Chippa’ community has been engaged in dyeing and printing of textiles. At present due to industrialization the textile industries in India are using harmful substance either for enhancing aesthetic appeal or for improving certain desirable characteristics. About more than 8000 chemical substances are used in several textile process such as sizing bleaching, scouring, dyeing, printing and finishing. A study stated that the industry used about 17 million liters per day of water and about 75% of the effluents is discharged into the Guller dam near sanganer town. Disposal of industrial waste is the major problem responsible for soil and water pollution. An increasing number of these substances is today known or suspected to be harmful to human health as well as the animals. Plants, soil and water quality and environment. The present study ‘Impact of Dying units on environment and health hazards of dying workers of Raipur District’. Was conducted in Sanganer and Bagru area of Jaipur district. laboratory testing was out to assess 15 different parametric like- - 2- Odour, colour, Temperature, pH, TDS, NO3 , SO4 and content of other heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn and Fe in soil and water. Sample collected from Bagru and Sanganer area 60 workers comprised of 30 males and30 females were selected as sample subjects, through purposing sampling technique for assessment of the health status of dyeing workers. Interview cum questionnaire technique was used for collecting desired information about health of the subjects and impact on environment. The data were statistically analyzed through frequencies and percentage. The major finding showed that textile dyeing effluents is highly polluting in nature. Almost all parameters in water and soil samples collected form Sanganer exceed the prescribed limits. Therefore it was necessary to treat it properly before discharging it. On the other hand soil sample of Bagru village also exceeds the prescribed limits as for as heavy metals contents were concerned. This affects the vegetative growth of that area. Water sample did not show much deviation although it was found to be slightly acidic in nature. There was vast difference in health status of the dyeing worker of both Bagru and Sanganer area and in neighborhood community. The study revealed that majority hundred percent of respondents from Sanganer were suffering from different disease like skin, eye, heart, and respiratory problems, while the 80 percent respondents of Bagru were not facing any problems related to health. 70 percent respondents from Bagru and 100 percent of respondents form Sanganer admit that dyeing effluents had adverse effect on other people’s health and environment also. Thus the study emphasized the need of waste water minimization, treatment of waste water before disposal, recycling of waste, awareness of common health hazards and problems among textile dyeing workers to take due precautions and safety measures at work place.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 22. Miss Jaymala Dave Development of saree designs from 2005 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. traditional mewar paintings and Srivastava assessment of their market potential. ikjEifjd esokM fp=ksa ds )kjk lkMh ds uewuksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj mldh cktkj lEHkkO;rk dk fu/kkZj.kA

Abstract

For thousands of year, man has felt the urge to decorate textile by the means of weaving, dyeing, printing and embroidery. Every year hundreds of folk embroidered items are introduced in the market for different apparels and household item and embroidery of each item is different from another. India has a rich cultural heritage and its traditional paintings are great source of inspiration for textile designers and painters. The paintings of Mewar are known for its beautiful designs, inspired the researcher to develop new designs suitable for sarees. Total 30 Mewar paintings were collected from various places. A total number of fifty motifs were developed or modified, from eleven best Mewar paintings selected by researcher. A rating Performa was developed by the researcher to select fifteen modified motifs for saree design. Further, the selected fifteen modified motifs were used to developed 15 saree designs on computer to select the best five placements and its folk embroidery, prior to actual embroidery on saree. The folk embroidery of Rajasthan was chosen for doing embroidery on the saree. A five point ranking Performa and a questionnaire was given to 60 respondents (20 textile and fashion designers, 20 housewives and 20 marketing personnel’s) selected purposively to find out the acceptability and market potential of the embroidered sarees.

1. The cost of developed embroidered saree was found very adequate and have enough market potential. 2. The developed/modified designs were highly appreciated by the respondents and consumers as shown by their higher acceptability (above 80% for each sarees).

Thus, it is concluded that developed designs, being inspired from traditional painting were found totally fresh and unique by the respondent and consumer.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 23. Miss Nisha Sodha Contemporary uses of phulkari 2006 Sudha Babel M.Sc. embroidery on Jute fabric by tqV developing valve added products. oL= ij Qqydkjh d”khnkdkjh dk ledkyhu mi;ksx djrs gq, ewY;o/kZd oLrqvksa dk fodkl djukA Abstract

Embroidery has become the most elegant and existing part of the art craft heritage of India. Folk embroideries have always been a form of self-expression for the women. Punjab, which is the famous for its culture and tradition, is known for its ‘phulkari’ embroidery. It is most exclusive matchless type of embroidery, which is done on hand, spun fabric with pat thread. To achieve objectives of the study it was carried out in two stages. The first stage included design development and second staged was of product development; that is development of jute articles with phulkari embroidery. The study was carried out in Udaipur dist. For the design development, the basic motifs of phulkari embroidery were collected and modified and 50 designs were developed for the ten value added articles; five for each. These articles included:- diary cover, foot wear, pot holder, handy purse, shopping bag, magazine holder, Toran, wall hanging, letter holder. A sample of 15 panels of experts having knowledge of embroidery and design were selected, for evolution of suitability of design and the most suitable thread for the phulkari embroidery on jute fabric. In second stage the ten articles were developed by researcher using modified designs of phulkari. After developing the articles their acceptability and marketability was explored by 90 sample subjects. These90 respondent’s were-30 workingwomen, 30 adolescent girls, 30 market personnel. A 5- point rating Performa and Performa of preference of cost given to 90 respondents. Finding of the study revealed that developed articles were highly appreciated by all the respondents. Among the most preferred articles Toran secured first rank followed by shopping bag, footwear. Rest articles also got good scores. In terms of market ability shopping bag obtained more than 50% of profit percentage and rest articles were on 15% to 20 profit percentage. Thus, it is concluded that developed, by use of phulkari embroidery were found totally fresh and unique by all the respondents.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 24. Miss Renu Bala Occupational health Hazards 2006 Sudha Babel M.Sc. experiences by textile mill workers of SRI Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. jktLFkku ds Jh xaxkuxj ftys ds oL= m/kksx Jfedkss )kjk vuqHko dh tkus okyh O;o;lkltkfu LokLFk; leL;k,¡A Abstract

Occupational health is everybody’s business; everyone is affected by it, directly or indirectly. The textile industry is the second largest industry in India which also affects health of workers. Cotton industry workers are exposed to various hazards in the different departments of textile factories. Especially in the spinning and weaving section which play a role in the incidence of industrial health hazards. Thus, the aim of the work was to study the ‘Occupational health Hazards experiences by textile mill workers of SRI Ganganagar district of Rajasthan’.for the research purpose a sample size of 160 working from last10-15 year and in the age group of 35-50 was selected with equal representation to each department i.e. blending & picking department. Combing & twisting department and weaving department. Then their body mass index was calculated. A sub sample of 120 workers was further purposively drawn from all four departments (30 from each department) for assessment of occupational health hazards. Interview method was used for collection of desired information about physical and mental hazards faced by workers. The data were statistically analyzed through frequency and percentage. The major findings of the study were as under:-  Regarding nutritional status of the respondents data revealed that majority of them lie in the range from low weight (normal) to chronic energy deficiency grade III (severe).  Free medical checkup canteen facility, drinking water facility, bonus on festival, school facility were provided by the mill but equipment, health education, best worker award, gym facility and transportation facility were not provided by the mill. Uniform and residential facility was provided only too few respondents.  Regarding occupational health hazards, the respondents suffered from lung diseases (cough, asthma), eye diseases (weak eyesight, burning of eyes), skin diseases (rashes on skin, itching on skin), ear disease, headache, nausea, irritation, hypertension and faced injury during work.  Regarding mental health hazarded workers faced worry/ tension and boredom due to low pay scale, working conditions and Family problems.  Vast majority of respondents reported that dust, poor working condition and noise were main reason for health hazards. Carelessness and mechanical fault were the reason behind happening of accident in the mill.  All the respondents take medical treatment for prevention of these diseases.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 25. Ms. Aruna kajla A Comparative study on color 2006 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. development and fastness evalvation of Srivastava manjistha dye on polyester fabric and its blends. iksfyLVj rFkk iksfy,LVj fefJr diMksa ij eaft’Bk )kjk jax fodkl ,ao jax rhozrk ds lkis{k rqyukRedZ v/;;uA Abstract

Color is an element which transform the entire fabric of life. it is first property that is noticed and is frequently the first factor governing fabric choices. Color also evokes immediate response in the purchaser’s eyes. The natural coloring substances, which passed through competition with their synthetic counterparts, are now developing with an increasing trend for their use all over the world because of health hazards, long use poison effects and toxicity problems created by the synthetic dyes particularly by azo dyes. The world population of present is switching over to natural dyes which are easily available at a much cheaper price in the country and can also be exported to foreign countries for use in textiles, food materials ,soft drinks , confectioneries, cosmetics etc. with this in the mind, the present research was conducted. To achieve objectives of the study it was carried out in two stages. The first stage includes shade development and second stage was comparison of color fastness properties of dyed samples towards sunlight and was fastness. For the shade development different dyeing parameters were optimize i.e. dye extraction time, dye material concentration pH of dye liquor and mordant concentration. The four mordents were used namely Alum, chrome, FeSO4 and SnCl2 at different pH. After shade development a panel of 15 judges was selected to evaluate the dyed sample. Finding of the study revealed that Manjistha dye can be used on polyester fabric and its blends with different mordents. It gave satisfactory results in terms of shade development and color fastness properties.  4% mordant concentration of stannous chloride produced best silky beidge shade on pure polyester in alkaline medium while 3% concentration produced ice pink in acidic medium on poly-viscose FeSO4 gave shade of Brandy color in alkaline medium on poly-cotton.  On the basis of visual inspection. It was found that in acidic medium best result were obtained with Alum 25% FeSO4 5% SnC12 3% and Chrome 2 % on pure polyester fabric sample.

However, in alkaline medium 15% concentration of alum morden, 4% of FeSO4 and SnCl2 and 3% of potassium dichromate gave best results.  On poly- viscose blended samples 5% concentration of alum mordant gave silky beidge shades in both acidic and alkaline medium. Best results were found with FeSO4 4%, Sncl2 2% and chrome 2% in acidic medium. In alkaline medium 1% concentration of FeSO4, Sncl2 chrome mordant gave shades on poly- viscose fabric.  On poly-cotton blended fabric best shades obtained with different mordent concentration viz. in acidic medium alum with 15% FeSO4 with 3% Sncl2 with 4% and chrome with 1%. However in alkaline medium alum 5%, FeSO4 3%, Sncl2 4% and chrome 1% concentration was optimal.  Pure polyester fabric obtained pale rose, pink, brandy and ice pink color. Blended of poly viscose fabric obtained. Silky beidge, coral pink, mushroom and wild flower color shades of pale rose, coral pink, crimson, sandstone, coffee color were found on poly- cotton blended fabric dyed with manjistha dye.  In general best shades were obtained in alkaline medium as compared to acidic medium with good color fastness properties on all the three selected fabric samples.  The color fastness proportion of samples exhibit fair to good ratings towards washing and light fastness. On polyester was fastness ratings were lying between 3 to 4/5 both in acidic and alkaline mediums, however, blended samples of poly-cotton poly-viscose fabrics was fastness ratings were found between 4 to 4/5 and light fastness ratings were obtained ranging from 5 to 7 on all the three fabrics showing good fasten results. It can be concluded that polyester fibers and isoblends can be successfully dyed with natural dye source manjistha.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 26. Ms. Priyanka swami Development of value added articles 2006 Sudha Babel M.Sc. from goat hair and assessment of Ckdjh ds ckyksa )kjk consumer preference. ewY;o/kZd oLrqvks dk fodkl o mudk miHkksDrk vf/keku dk fu/kkZj.kA Abstract

The specialty fieres are rare animal fibers which have special quality of fineness, softness, warmth and luster. These specialty fibres came largely from two families of animal of animals- the goat, and camels. Two members of goat family are important for their fibers; the Angore goat, which produce mohair and the Cashmere goat, which produce cashmere and rarely common goat, which produce goat hair. To achieve objectives of the present study it was carried out in three stages. The first stage included collection of information related to present utilization pattern of goat hair and parallel preference for to be developed value added articles was taken, second stage was development of goat hair value added article with macramé knot and third stage was evaluation of developed value added articles. The study was carried out in Bikaner district. Information about utilization pattern of goat hair was collected from 30 goat keepers as they are using it. Preference for to be developed value added articles was taken from same 30 goat keepers and 30 handicraft persons as they have wider knowledge about handicraft and present demand. By the scoring and ranking method 10 top ranked articles were selected, these were bilt, bottle cover, festoon, Jhula, key ring, magazine holder, pen holder, pot holder, telephone mat and wall hanging. In second stage the ten articles were developed by research using macramé knot and under third stage the assessment of consumer preferences for developed value added articles was made by 90 sample subjects. The 90 respondents were 30 goat keepers, 30 handicraft persons and 30 consumers. A 5 point ranting scale Performa was administered to 90 respondents for this purpose. Finding of the study revealed that developed articles were highly appreciated by all the respondents. Of the articles the most preferred was pot holder with first rank followed by Magazine holder and festoon. Rest articles also got good scores. In terms of their preference percentage, all articles ranged between 70 percent to more than 90 percent. Thus, it is concluded that developed articles, by the use of goat hair and macramé knot found totally a unique and innovative idea by all the respondents.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 27. Ms. Priyanka Rawat An Exploratory study on product 2007 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. development using water hyacinth. Srivastava tydqEHkh )kjk fodkflr dh xbZ oLrqvks dk

leUos’kf.kd v/;;uA Abstract

Water hyacinth is a fast growing floating aquatic weed. Several important fishery lakes, reservoirs and ponds are rendered completely or largely unproductive through out the country by the heavy infestation of water hyacinth. through there are various methods of controlling aquatic weed, its extermination either by physical or chemical method, is costly and painstaking process. Despite of the efforts with different control measures and heavy expenditures, man has had hardly any success in controlling this weed. To achieve the objectives of the present study, it was carried out in six phases i.e. collection of information related to morphology of water hyacinth, collection of raw material, processing for fibre extraction and physical testing to judge the suitability of fibre, developed of handmade paper and testing of physical parameters of handmade sheet, developed of value added articles and the last, assessment of usefulness and cost effectiveness of developed value added articles. The study was carried out in Udaipur city.30 respondents were selected for assessment of sixteen value added articles. finding of the study revealed that extracted water hyacinth fibre was having poor strength, elongation and was not found suitable for textile purpose instead the pulp have good potential in developed in developing handmade sheets. Out of three ration (1:1,1:2,2:3) of developed handmade sheets using pure water hyacinth and cotton rags, the ratio of 1:1 was more suitable for developing utilitarian items with good aesthetic appeal. Majority of the respondents appreciated developed articles. Among the most preferred, telephone diary secured Ist rank followed by Bell, clipboard and photo frame. Rest of the articles also got good scores. In terms of their preference percentage, all articles ranged between 70 to more than 80 percent. Thus it can be concluded that the developed value added articles by the use of water hyacinth pulp for handmade sheet were found highly acceptable in term of utility and marketability.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 28. Ms. Preeti Udawat Quality assessment of developed 2007 Dr.Meenu Srivastava M.Sc. herfal hair color in term of Ckkyksa ds fy, consumer satisfaction. fodkflo gcZy jaxksa dh miHkksDrk larqf’V esa xq.kork fu/kkZj.kA

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the consumer satisfaction with available hair colors in local market and develop herbal hair colours. The study was conducted in three phases – Market survey, household survey and lab experimentation for developing Herbal hair colour for field testing. Through preliminary survey one hundred twenty samples were selected randomly to be a part of household survey and finally elicit forty subjects for field testing of the willingness herbal hair colors on the basis of their willingness to participate in the study.

With the help of primary and secondary sources, an extensive list of herbs having dye potential was prepared and used in the laboratory experimentation for developing herbal hair colour.

About 99 different herbal formulations of hair colour were tried by the researcher followed by two successive screening of finally select ten best Herbal formulations for standardization of the Herbal hair colour, capable of producing different shades on human hair. Dye material concentrations, fixer concentration, pH of dye paste and application time were the parameters optimized prior to its application on hair.

The developed shads were given to 40 subjects for field testing period of 2 months, 4 applications once in every fortnight of with the recommendations to see consumer satisfaction. Results of the testing showed that both the developed herbal hair colour were found excellent by subjects and gives smooth texture and luster to the hair, without posing any ill/side effects on the sample subjects.

The selected I herbal formulation giving Black-brown colour to hair contains a combination of Alizarin and Indigo and II herbal formulation giving red-brown color to hair contains a combination of Henna and Alizarin along with other conditioning and color deepening substance. Sample subjects were found highly satisfied with both the developed herbal hair colors in terms of ease of application, luster, texture, color retention and shades obtained.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 29. Ms. Kanchan Arora Information empowerment of lirban 2008 Sudha Babel M.Sc. women Consumer Regarding ifj/kku ds;j Graments Care Labels yscy ds lUnHkZ esa “kgjh efgyk miHkksDrk dk lqpuk l”fDrdj.kA Abstract

The wear life of garments depends on the care one takes of them. Long before consumers could easily identify a wool or cotton garment and successfully clean it without a care label. But those day are long gone. New fibers and new technology have created vast array of textiles and apparels. Unfortunately, consumers had no way of knowing just how to properly clean these garments. In such situation care labels play an important role. Care labels indicate how to clean textiles and apparel in best possible way and provide the necessary information about their washing, bleaching, ironing and dry-cleaning of garments. To achieve the objectives pre and experimental research design was used. for the research purpose, a sample size of 30 women consumers were selected by random sampling method from the purposively selected ward no. 21 and 28 of Shri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. For information empowerment an information package was develop on garment care labels after comprehensive study of related subject matter and was evaluated by experts. The information package was delivered to the respondents in a six days training programmed. To know the knowledge gain and retention, the knowledge test was administered just after the exposure of information package and after 15 days of training. The data were collected through interview technique and analyzed by using frequency, percentage, MPS and paired ‘t’ test. The major finding of the study were as under:- 1. Most of the respondents belonged to middle age group (31-40 yrs.), wee educated up to post graduate, had nuclear and small family, medium exposure to mass media and were in the annual income range of above 50,000. 2. A flipbook was developed and rated as very good to excellent by the experts. 3. Before exposure to the flipbook all the respondents had average to good knowledge about garment lables, label placement and forms of care instruction and had poor knowledge about garment care symbols with MPS ranged 65.53 – 76.16 and 20.83 – 31.23 percent respectively. 4. Overall existing knowledge of the respondents was found average with 39.35 percent. 5. After exposure to the flipbook majority of the respondents belonged to good knowledge category in all the aspects of garment care labels with MPS ranged 79.16 – 98.46 percent. Gain in knowledge was found to be good. 6. Regarding retention of knowledge it was found that majority of the respondents belonged to good knowledge category but there was some decline in MPS (75.83 -95.40). 7. Overall knowledge gain and retention was 54.22 and 50.33 percent respectively. 8. Knowledge gain and retention was found significant both at 1 and 5 level of significance regarding garment care labels.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 30. Ms. Seema Rani A Study on clothing practices of 2008 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. satisfaction level of aged males & Srivastava females with Regards to present wardrobe. Ok`) iq:’k ,ao efgykvksa dh oL= i)fr;ksa ,ao fo?keku okMZjksc ls larqf’Vdj.k Lrj ij ,d v/;;uA Abstract

Every human being passes through various stages in his lifetime. Old age is usually the period between retirement and death. Majority physical changes take place during old age. Hence the clothing of the old age people should be according to their age. They should feel comfortable and protected in it. Clothing should be loosely fitted and provide adequate warmth. As with age, their eyesight and motor abilities become weak, the garment should be made such that they can wear and take off easily. Along with the physical problems, old people also suffer from social and psychological problems. They have a feeling of inadequacy, rejection, self pity and apathy. The present study was conducted to find out ‘ clothing practices and satisfaction with regards to present wardrobe of aged males and females. ‘ The study was carried out I Udaipur city of Rajasthan. A sample size of 40 aged males and 40 aged female respondents were selected by random sampling method from four zones of Udaipur city i.e. ambamata scheme ( (East), Ashok Nagar (West), Fetehpura (North), Hiranmagri sec. 11 (south), the data was analyzed for statistical treatments in the light of objectives of the study. Findings of the study revealed that majority of male and female respondents were in age group 65-70 year. Cent percent male respondents were retired and having Rs. 10000-13000. Month family income. Female respondents were housewives, their family income ranged fromRs.13001-17000/month. Majority of respondents belonged to nuclear families. The casual garments for males and females were mainly found as pant- shirt and saree- blouse respectively. Cotton and blended fabric were mainly used in their clothing. Male respondents preferred plain fabric with both (dark and light) colours and female respondents preferred printed fabric with light colours. All the respondents preferred soft and smooth, light weight with adequate warmth, medium weight with smooth texture etc. the decision maker about clothing purchase was the family members of the respondents. Male respondents enjoyed the company of their spouse, while female respondents were accompanied in shopping in their family members. Budget was not planed by the respondents. Washing was mainly done by family members once in a week for majority of male respondents and alternate days for majority of female respondents at home. Respondents gave their costly woolen and other clothes to dry- cleaning. Majority of respondents get their clothes repaired by their family members. Storing of clothes was mainly done by folding and wrapping in clothed in boxes. Sunlight exposure to garments was done by all the respondents. Majority of male and female respondents were found satisfied with number of dresses, constructional aspects, functional details and care and maintenance aspects in their clothing they possessed in their wardrobe. Few of the respondents were dissatisfied when their preferences were not considered by clothing purchaser. Majority problem faced by them were in the constructional and functional features of the readymade dresses. Loose or medium fitting clothes with front opening and ample ease in shoulder and neckline area, big size buttons, pockets etc. were their preference in clothes.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 31. Ms. Sonu Saharan Wardrobe analysis, Brand awareness 2008 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. & Clothing Buying practices of college Ekgkfo?kky;h fo?kkfFkZ;ksa dk oL= students. dz; O;ogkj okMZjksc fo”ys’k.k ,ao ckzUM tkx:drk A Abstract

The present study was conducted with an objective to find out the wardrobe analysis, brand awareness and clothing buying practice of college students, for knowing the ownership of different garment in the wardrobe, influence of brand name on clothing buying practice, clothing buying practices and to examine the attributes influencing the buying practices. the study was conducted on 60 college students of 18-21 years of age group. Studying in Home Science College of MPUAT at Udaipur. 30 days scholars and 30 hostlers were selected randomly for the present study. Personal interview method was considered as the most suitable technique for getting the complete and desired information. The structured interview schedule was pretested on 20 percent non-sampled subjects. The collected data was analyzed for percentage, mean percent score, dependent‘t’ test and chi-square tests. The major findings of the study were as under:- 1. Finding of the study reflect that most of respondent prefer cotton fabric, readymade garment and mill made garments. 2. Majority of familiar with apparel brand, they choose branded apparel for quality of workmanship, durability and ease of care with 80-66,66 percent and avoid for expensiveness of branded apparel. 3. Students purchase clothing according to need (97.42MPS), followed by on birthday (86.66MPS) and festival(82.08MPS). 4. Respondents planned shopping according fashion trends (60 percent), and magazines play an important role in planning. 5. Respondents preferred fix price shops for shopping, prepare budget (35 percent) and price influence to a certain extent on buying practices. Students prefer mode of payment through case (98.33 percent). 6. Attributes like comfort, durability, colour, cost and design etc. effect the buying of apparel with ranged 95.83-86.25. 7. On the basis of ‘t’ value there was significant difference between hostler and day scholars regarding tailor made garment, woolen fabric, handloom made fabric and branded garment. 8. Chi-square tests shows that Pearson chi-square value was significant difference regarding tailor made garment, guidance of fashion media and reason for choosing and not choosing of branded apparel like quality of fit, to social status, ease of care and expensiveness.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 32. Ms. Geetu Rani An Exploratory study on clothing 2008 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. practice of farm families burring Srivastava d`’kd ifjokjksa )kjk dhVuk”kd pesticides iz;ksx ds nkSjku oL= mi;ksx dh i)fr;ksa dk ,d leUosf’kd v/;;uA Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken with objectives to study tool and techniques used in pesticide application, gender specific practices with reference to preparation and storage of presides and knowledge, attitude and clothing practices of farm families regarding pesticides application. A purposive random sample of 60 respondents was selected from Dabli Rathan village of Hanumangarh District of Rajasthan. Data was collected through interview schedule from the respondents. The data was further analyzed by using frequency, percentage, t- test correlation test. The majore finding of the investigation revealed that respondents were growing cotton and Rice in their field and they used manual spraying as well as tractor spraying for application of pesticides on the crops. Male respondents were involved in all field activities such as weeding, seed treatment, fertilizer application, pesticides application, harvesting and storage, whereas female respondents were not involved in all activities especially pesticide application and seed treatment. Cent percent female respondents were involved in selected farm activities such as sowing, harvesting and storage, whereas 85 percent female reapondents were involved in weeding and 75 percent in fertilizer application. Respondents used to wear ‘ specific work clothes’ while applying the pesticide on crops. Majority of male respondents preferred kurta and pyjama/ lungi and female respondents wore ghaghra and long kurta while performing farm activities. Cent percent respondents were aware of the special protective clothing to be used during pesticide application, but they were not using protective clothing at the time of spraying. ‘Discomfort’ was the main reason for not wearing the protective clothing at the time of spraying. No significant different was observed between knowledge of male and female respondents regarding pesticide use and application. It was also conclude that respondents although have good knowledge but not the attitude to use the protective measures. Hence researcher also developed suitable intervention package in the form of booklet on safe use of pesticide to disseminate the desired information to bring required changes in their attitude.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 33. Nirma Rani Effect of media on clothing purchase 2008 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. decision of college girls & their Ekgkfo?kky;h attitude towards fashion. Nk=kvksa ds oL= dz; fu.kZ; ij ehfM;k dk izHkko ,ao mudh QS”ku ds izfr eukso`frA Abstract

The present study was conducted with an objective to find out the level of use of media among college girls of making clothing purchase decision, influence of media on attitude toward fashion and influence of media on clothing purchase decision, influence of media on attitude towards fashion and influence of media on clothing purchase decision of college girls. A sample of 60 girls who residing in hostel of MPUAT, university were selected for interview. Finding of the study reflected that (25 percent) equal percent of respondents belonged to a B.Sc, BE, B.Tech, and M.Sc. on the basis of use of different media sources, it was found that 36.66 percent respondents used Internet followed by Newspaper and Magazines (35 percent) T.V. (21.66 PERCENT), Radio (15 percent), Leaflets/pamphlets (13.33) and Hordings (11.66 percent). In mass media exposure it was found that 73.33 percent respondents of younger age group had medium mass media exposure whereas equal percent (50 percent) of respondents of older age group had medium and high mass media exposure. On the basis of attitude towards fashion (96.66 percent) majority of respondents of older age group had highly influenced following by younger age group (80 percent). While only 8.33 percent and 3.33 percent respondents of both age group were in category of medium influenced and less influenced. Hostler girls of older age group had good and fair clothing decision as compare to younger age group. Majority of respondents of older age group clothing purchase decision highly influenced by media compare as younger age group. It was found that older age group gave more importance to internet for shopping compare as younger age group. on the basis of t value there was significant different between the younger and older age group regarding influence of media on clothing purchase decision. Regression analysis shows that clothing purchase decision influence by media and there was positive correlation between the media and clothing purchase decision. Hostel girls of older age group had fair clothing decision as compare to younger age group. Majority of the respondents of older age group’s decision related to clothing purchase was highly influenced by media as compare to younger age group. It was found that older age group gave more importance to internet for shopping as compare to younger age group.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 34. Ms. Rupali Rajvanshi Simulation of textile design from 2008 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. PWAD paintings far fashion apparels Srivastava & assessment of their market potential iM fp=dyk ds )kjk QS”ku iks”kkdksa gsrq oL= vfHkdYi dk vuqdj.k ,ao mldh cktkj lEHkkO;rk dk fu/kkZj.kA Abstract

For thousands of years, man has felt the urge to decorate textiles by the means of weaving, dyeing and printing. Every year hundred of textile print is introduced in the market for different apparels and household furnishing items and every print is different from another. India has a rich cultural heritage and its traditional paintings are great source of inspiration for textile designers and painters. The painting of phad is known for its beautiful design, inspired the researcher to simulate designs suitable for different fashion apparels. An interview schedule was used to collect the desired information from artist. A total num,ber of 30 designs were chosen from phad paintings. Further fifteen designs were selected by the researcher to simulate new designs in three different colorway using suitable CAD software. A rating proforma was developed by the researcher to selected the best six designs in suitable colorways for designing different fashion apparels. The screen printing technique was chosen for printing the short- kurta, dupatta and wrap-round. A five point ranking Performa was given to 30 sample to find out the acceptability and potential of designed items. 1. The cost the developed fashion apparels was found very adequate and have enough market potential. 2. The developed designs were highly appreciated by the judges as shown by their higher acceptability (above 805 for each category to selected fashion apparels). Thus, it is concluded that developed designs, being inspired from traditional painting were found totally fresh and unique by the respondents and consumers.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 35. Ms. Rubal Kaswan Clothing practices & Satisfaction level 2009 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. of wheelchair bound users. Oghy ps;j miHkksDrkvksa dk oL= i)fr;ksa dk okMZjksc es

laUrqf’Vdj.k LrjA Abstract

The present study was conducted to find out ‘Clothing practices & Satisfaction level of wheelchair bound users’. The study was carried out in Udaipur city of Rajasthan. Sample sizes of 40 male respondents were selected purposively for the present study. Personal interview method was considered as the most suitable technique for getting the complete and desired information. The collected data was pretested on 10 non- sample subjects. The collected data was analyzed for percentage, frequency and weighted mean score. the majored findings of the study was as under:- 1. Finding of the study reflect that most respondents were in the age group 15-25 years. 2. Majority of respondents were belonged to nuclear families. 3. Mainly clothing item found were pant shirt in their wardrobe. 4. Most all of the respondents proffered synthetic fabric. 5. All of the respondents preferred soft smooth, light weight with adequate warmth and medium weight with smooth texture. 6. The decision maker about clothing purchase was the family member of the respondents. 7. Attributes like comfort, durability, colour, budget etc. effect the buying of apparel. 8. Majority of respondents not feel comfortable in normal clothing and they face problem mainly with lower garment. 9. Only few respondents (30%) face problem with upper garment. They face problem with armhole and length of garment and all respondents proffered center front opening. 10. All of the respondents preferred elasticized waist in lower garment and 70 percent respondents face problem with fly,77.5 percent face problem with fasteners. 11. The results shows that majority of respondents were found less satisfied with constructional and functional aspect in their clothing they possessed in their wardrobe.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 36. Ms. Rubab Nagpal Designing & evaluation of functional 2009 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. garments for lower limb amputed fupys Hkax foPNsnd cPpksa ds fy, children dk;kZRed ifj/kku dk vfHkdYiu o eqY;kadu

Abstract Clothing is one of the most personal component of daily life. Clothing plays an important role in growth and development of a physically handicapped child. Physical disability affects the type of clothing that can be worn. physical disability can affect the central nervous system resulting in range of motion for handicapped, dressing is a very difficult often impossible task. Thus, there is a great need to design clothing handicapped and disabled. A total 30 respondents were selected for experimentation. Ten sketches of functional lower garments were designed. A five point ranting perform was developed by researcher to select three functional lower garments with the help of occupational therapist and five clothing and textile experts. The selected designs were constructed according to individual body measurements of the respondent. Three functional lower garments were given to randomly selected for a wear trial for three consecutive days. A three point ranting scale was used for assessment of suitability and acceptability of functional garment. Finding of the study revealed thet large number of respondents were in age group of 10-12 years. Mostly respondents were from Hindu religion and belonged to nuclear families. Majority of respondents family occupation was jobs and the income range was 5000-10,000 per month. Respondents amputated up to knee and half of the respondents were disable by birth, use crutches to move around. Lower limb amputated children mainly had loose full pant, knicker, barmundas, capries andpajamas. Cotton and blended fabric was mainly used for clothing. Readymade garment were preferred in clothing. Dark, dull and bright colors were preferred in lower garments. In lower normal bottom, elastic at back and belt at front and all round soft elastic was preferred with front opening. Most preferred fastener was zipper and patch pockets was used in their lower garments. Large number of respondents required help by other person. Respondents faced clothing problem i.e. frequent wear and tear of the garments at armpit level, donning and doffing of the garments, problem with fasteners, bunching of garment at under armpit due to crutches and raising of upper garments. The identified clothing problems were incorporated in pant designs for lower amputated. Developed pant designs were found highly suitable and acceptable by lower amputated respondents and their mothers.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 37. Ms. Savita Bhardwaj Development of designer khadi kurta 2009 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. far college going girls & assessment of Srivastava Ekgkfo?kky; tkus okyh its preference . Nk=kvks ds fy, vfHkdfYio [kknhdqrkZ dk fuekZ.k ,ao mudh Lohdk;Zrk dk fu/kkZj.kA

Abstract The study was carried out at Udaipur city of Rajasthan with the objectives to find out the current market trend of Khadi fabrics, its uses and develop designer kurtas using Khadi fabric with appropriate embellishment for college going girls. An interview schedule was used to collect data about the current market trend of khadi fabric from local market. Based on the result of the preliminary survey, the researcher developed twenty hand made sketches of designer khadi kurta pattern. Out of these twenty designs.five designs which were more appealing were selected by a panel of twenty judge, on a five point rating scale having different parameters. The selected five designs were developed in to designer kurtas in both khadi cotton and khadi silk fabric which were evaluated by a sample of randomly selected sixty respondents (college going girls ) from both and science discipline to assess their performance/ acceptability on a separated five point ranking Performa. The findings revealed that:- 1. The developed designs were highly appreciated by the judges as shown by their higher mean score and acceptability. 2. All the designer khadi cotton kurtas scored higher mean values as compared to khadi silk. No significant difference was found among respondents of different discipline when ANOVA was calculated on different parameter for evolution of designer khadi kurta. Thus it is concluded that developed designer khadi kurtas inboth khadi cotton and khadi silk fabric were found highly acceptable among college going girls in terms of selection, placement and color combination of different embellishments used.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 38. Ms. Shilpi Sharma Consumer perception of branded & 2009 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. non branded apparel & its attributes influencing the purchase decision . miHkksDrkvks dk ckz.MsM ,ao uku ckzUMsM oL=ksa ds izfr cks/k ,ao muds dz; fu.kZ; dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdA ABSTRACT The present study was conducted with an objective to study the buying pattern of branded and non branded garments, to examine the attributes influencing the purchases decision of consumer regarding branded/ non branded apparels. The sample was selected on the basis of survey of boy’s college offering PG studies in Udaipur city. Out of that one college was selected randomly. Sample consisted of 60 randomly selected college boys of 21-25 years of the age group. For this purpose a list of the students of this age group studying in college was taken from the college administration and students was contacted personally, to ask their willingness to participate in a study. Questionnaire method was used as the most suitable technique for getting the complete and desired information. The structured questionnaire was pre test on 10 percent non- sampled subjects. The collected data was analyzed for percentage and chi-square tests. The major findings of the study were as under: 1. students purchase clothing according to their own choice (50 percent) followed by with the help of friends (33.3 percent), and according to family members (16.7percent). 2. Majority of respondets prepared budget for buying of branded clothes (91.8 percent) and for both type of garment (8.2 percent). 3. cent percent respondents usually preffered to purchase on regular basis as the need arise and also on ceremony/ festivals, and on new arrival. 4. Majority of respondents preffered to purchase from company showroom, fixed price

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 39. Ms. Karanjeel Kaur Development of value added shawl 2009 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. using traditional “Danka work” of mewar & assessment of its market potential. ikjEifjd Madk dk;Z )kjk ewY;o/kZd “kky ds uewuksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj mudh cktkj LkEHkkO;rk dk fu/kkZj.kA ABSTRACT The earliest recorded history revealed that man decorated the fabric surface with natural sources perhaps his clothing decorated first, than the other items necessary to his existence. Embroidery is a kind of surface decoration. Evolving variety of threads silk, wool, synthetic and metallic threads like gold and silver. India has a rich cultural heritage and its traditional zari work, is a great source of inspiration for apparel decoration. In Rajasthan many styles of zari embroidery are famous. Laape- ka- kaam. Mukesh-ka-kaam, and danka- ka-kaam. Danka work is done only lengha and odhni of women only Mewar region. A questionnaire developed by the researcher to know about the current status of danka motif were collected by the researcher and rating proforma developed by researcher to selected 15 motif for shawl design. Further, the selected fifteen motifs were used to develop 15 shawl designs to select the best five placements for development of danka work shawls. A five point ranking Performa and a questionnaire was given to 30 respondents (women belongs to middle income group selected purposively) to find out the acceptability and market potential of the danka work shawls. The developed/modified designs were highly appreciated by the respondents and consumers as shown by their higher acceptability (above 70 percent for each shawl) The cost of developed shawl was found very adequate and have enough market potentials. Thus, it is concluded that developed shawls, being inspired from traditional danka work were found totally fresh and unique by the respondents and consumers.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 40. Ms. Simerjeet kaur A Study on traditional costumer 2010 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. coiffure & Accessories of Rajput Srivastava community of mawar region of Rajasthan. jktLFkku ds esokM+ {ks= ds jktiwr leqnk; dh ikjEifjd iks”kkdksa ,ao vfrfjDr ltkoV lkezxh ij ,d v/;;uA ABSTRACT Costume is an eminent form of expressing an individual and also an excellent portrayal of beauty. As Rajputs are know for their rich treasure of Culture in which costume in one of important aspect. Thus in order to explore the Rajput costume, coiffure and accessories of suryavansi Rajpurs densely populated in Udaipur and Bhilwara district of mewar region of Rajasthan, the present study was conducted on 120 respondents from two districts. The major findings revealed that the traditional costume of Rajput female was Kanchli, Kurti, Odhna and Lengha while Dhoti, Kurta, Agrakha, Sherwani and ‘pag’ wasfound to be traditional costume of Rajput male. The change were found in the costume from last decades only. Now days women and men prefer modern costume in casual wear such as (saree, blouse and salwar suit by Rajput female and pant- shirt by male.) and traditonal costume are worn on ceremonial functions, religious occasion and Rituals etc. These people generally tailor made garments and preferred Cotton, Geogette, Chiffon and Synthetic materials in their costumes due to its multiple advantages. Heavy gold, kundan and diamond jewellery was worn by Rajput males and females in their different body parts. Main Traditional ornaments Rajput married females were Rakri, Tika, Aad (neck ornaments), devta fhul, Timaniya, Jumke, tops, nath, nose ring, Chuda, Rings, Bajuband, Ponaj, Payal and Bichiya. Tattooing was still prevalent and preferred among the Rajput community. However the changes were observed in the amount of tattooing. Previously it was done on various body parts with voluminous designs, but now it has been considerable reduced. Fabric designs, materials, color of costumes, coiffure, ornament, accessories and foodwears very among young adult Rajputs and old people. It also changed according to seasonal and ceremonial occasions. Further, Widow and Unmarried women in the Rajput community cannot were a Kanchli and kurti. It is subsituted by “POLKA” which is half s;eeved, Waist long bodice with center front opening.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 41. Miss Khushbu Khatri “Development of suitable functional 2010 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. clothing for pregnant & Lactating Srivastava woman & Assessment of its preference” xHkZorh ,ao /kk=h efgykvksa ds fy, ;ksX; dk;kZRed ifj/kkuksa dk fuekZ.k ,ao mudh Lohdk;Zrk dk fu/kZkj.kA ABSTRACT Maternity clothing has a niche market in today’s fashion era because of increase number of women worker with the attitude of being well dressed during pregnancy also as at any other time in their life. Maternity clothes have very significant role during lactation period also because breast feeding in regular clothes become awkward and embarrassing. Thus, there is great need to design clothing for pregnant and lactating women. The study was carried out a Udaipur city of Rajasthan with the objectives to find out the availability of maternity clothes in the market, women’s satisfaction with available maternity clothes and assessment of their needs and requirements for development of functional maternity kammez and their acceptability. An interview schedule was developed to collect data about the availability of maternity clothes in the market. A sample of sixty female respondents was selected (30 pregnant and 30 lactating women) for experimentation. Twenty sketches of functional maternity kameezes were designed. A five point rating Performa was developed by researcher to select ten functional maternity clothes i.e. five for each pregnant and lactating women by a panel of judges. The selected ten designs were developed and these were given to randomly select ten respondents (five for each pregnant and lactating women) for a wear trial of three consecutive days. A five point rating scale was used for assessment of acceptability and preference of functional kameezes by the respondents. The data revealed that maternity kameezes with kali pattern, half umbrella pattern and ‘ side tie sting’ pattern were more liked by pregnant women and lactating women gave their preference towards vertical and horizontal opening with zipper at bust level, hidden flaps (detachable with velcro and snap fasteners) All the developed functional maternity kameezes were found highly acceptable as shown by their higher mean score and preferences. Thus, it cane be concluded that developed functional maternity kameezes were found highly acceptable among pregnant and lactating women in terms of suitability of structural features, functional aspects, selection of materials and colour combinations used.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 42. Miss Monika Kumawat “Value addition of khadi bed lines & 2010 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. assessment of its market potential”. [kknh ls cukbZ xbZ ewY;o)Zd csM fyuu vkSj

mldh cktkj laHkkR;rk dk fu/kkZj.kA ABSTRACT Khadi, which draped the humble freedom fighters in the days of yore is today flaunted by coolcats making fashion statements. Sporting an individualistic look, it has a distinct character and is a highly versatile fabric which speaks for itself. The present study was under taken to find out the existing status of bed linen, to develop the value added bed linen from less width Khadi fabric and to study the acceptability and market potential of value added bed linen. For this purpose three type of sample were selected i.e. 10 marketing personnel’s, 10 experts, 30 homemakers. On the basis of the study one structured interview schedule and four rating scales were developed. Findings of the study revealed that no embroidered Khadi bed linen and other furnishing article were available in the market. Hence the need arises to develop designer Khadi bed linen with less width Khadi fabric by computerized embroidery machine and explore its market potentials. The developed design layout used on less width Khadi fabric made bed linens were highly appreciated by the respondents as shown by their higher acceptability (70-90). The cost of developed bed linen was found very reasonable and had good market potentials. Thus ,it is concluded that developed value added Khadi bed linen, being inspired from modern computerized machine embroidery was found exclusive and unique by the respondents.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 43. Miss Poonam Kumari “ A Comparative study on the effect of 2010 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. soaps a detergents on blended textiles Srivastava . fo/kky; dh used in school uniform” iks”kkdksa ds fefJr oL=ksa ij lkcwu o lQZ ds izHkko dk rqyukRed v/;;uA ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to explore the usage of soaps/detergents and their effect on various physical properties of blended school uniform fabrics i.e. p/e and p/v. For houshold survey, 80 samples of housewives (mother of children) were randomly selected followed by selection of two commonly used soaps and detergents for laboratory research work based on the maximum usage by respondents for laundering school uniform. To asses the effect of selected soaps/detergents on various physical properties in warp and weft direction, the blended fabric samples were laundered 30 & 50 times. Frequently, percentage and ‘test for independent sample were used for analtsis of data. The major findings of the study reveal that majority of the respondents used different kind of soaps/detegents to launder all kind of householdclothswithoutknowing the composition and effect on fabric properties. Half of the respondents werenot satisfied with the soaps/detergents they used and wanted to change because it decoriaties the properties of fabric and weaken them. Laundering of p/c and p.v fabric with selected soap/detergents caused increased in weight, thickness, fabric count, bulk and elongation after thirty launderings over control sample. However abrasion resistances, tensile strenght, crease recovery, bending length, flexural rigidity and bending modulud reduced with progressive launderings. Colorfading, lustre, pilling and shrinkage was also occurred in both p/c and p/v fabric after launderings. Selected soaps were found to have more deteriorating effect on various physical properties in both the selected fabrics over detergentsdue to the reason that the scum was deposited on fabrics during laundering with soap. Out of selected detergents, detergent “ Tide” had less effect on fabric properties because it is enzymebased and have high cleansing efficiency. The effect on physical properties was more visible on p/v fabric with soaps as compared to p/c so it was concluded that to increase the life of school uniform i.e. p/c and p/c blends, detergents are better than soap because it works in hard water and did not make any scum on fabrics, did not cause harmful effect on physical properties of fabric especially lustre, color fading pilling and abrasion resistance. Further, fundings of the present research also revealed the need for educating home makers in proper selection of soap/detergent according to fiber content and use of correct washing method and also to prolong life of uniform fabric. Hence, a folder depiciting guideline was developed by researcher

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 44. Miss Rajeshwari bhati “A Development of bonded fabric 2010 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. using Non-Biodegradable waste for Srivastava developing consumer products” miHkksDrk mRikn fodkl gsrq vuk tSo fuEuhdj.kh; vif”k’Vks ds mi;ksx ls vkacf/kr oL= fodklA ABSTRACT Plastic wastes present formidable problems as they are not biodegradable, are bulky and cane resist incineration. The ability of this seemingly benign stuff to create environmental disasters is enormous. It chokes gutters, drains and marine our falls, creating a nightmare for public sanitation. For defenseless marine life, it adds a lethal bite to the act of feeding, ending up in the bellies of fish, turtles and seabirds, putting them to an agonizing death from starvation or malnutrition. Even the terrestrial scavengers are not safe from the bag’s bane as they usually ingest the leftovers that are thoughtlessly wrapped up before discarding. The study was carried our at Udaipur city of Rajasthan on Development of Bonded fabric using Non-biodegradable waste for developing consumer products. To achieve the objectives of the present study, it was carried out in seven phases i.e. collection of raw materials, preparation of raw materials, assessment of GSM and thickness of the selected raw materials, development of bonded fabrics, assessment of physical properties of developed bonded fabrics, development of value added consumer products and evaluation of developed value added consumer products. 60 respondents (30 marketing personnel and 30 women homemakers) were selected for evaluation of twenty one value added consumer products. Finding of the study relevant that developed bonded fabrics of 200-300 GSM was suitable for development of tose consumer products requiring more thickness, stiffness and bursting strength. On the other hand, the developed bonded fabrics of 100-200 GSM was found more suitable for developing consumer products of general use on account of less stiffness and other related properties. Majority of the respondents appreciated developed value added consumer products. Suitcase cover, apron-II, shoulder bag, table cover, computer cover, handbag, baby set, apron-I, fridge cover and table mats with tea coasters were the first ten extremely preferred consumer products out of the twenty one developed value added consumer products. Rest of the consumer products also got good preferences. In term of their preference percentage, all consumer products ranged between 80-90 percent. Thus, it be concluded that the developed value added consumer products by the use of polythene bags for developing bonded fabrics were found highly acceptable in terms of acceptability further this will also be helpful in reducing environment pollution in a fruitful manner.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 45. Miss Shreya Yadav Value addition of kota doria sarees 2010 Mrs. Rupal Babel M.Sc. through bloke-printing and machine BIik NikbZ vkSj e”khuh d

ABSTRACT The earlist recorded history revealed that man decorated the fabric surface with natural sources perhapshis clothing decorated first, than the other items necessary to his existence. India has a rich cultural heritage and its traditional Embroidery and printing work, is a great source of inspiration for apparel decoration. In Rajasthan many styles of printings are famouslike woolen block printing were used. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher to know about the current status of block printing. Machine embroidery and Block printing motifs were collected by the researcher and 20 saree designs were developed to selected the best five placements for development of value added sarees. A five point rating proforma and a questionnaire was given to 30 respondents (10 Textile & Fashion Designer, 10 Housewives, 10 Marketing personnel’s) to find out the acceptability and market potential of the developed sarees. The major outcome are as follow. The developed/ modified design were highly appreciated by the respondents and consumers as shown by their higher acceptability (abouve 70 percent6 for each saree) The cost of developed saree was found very adequate and have enough market potentials. Thus it is concluded that developed sarees, being inspired from traditional block printing and modern computerized machine embroidery were found totally fresh and unique by the respondents and consumers.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 46. Miss Ruchi Sharma A Study on clothing practices and 2010 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. satisfaction level of elderly arthritis Srivastava xfB;k jksx ls ihfM+r men and women. o;kso`) iq:’kksa ,ao efgykvksa dh oL= i)fr;ksa vkSj larq’Vhdj.k Lrj ij ,d v/;;uA ABSTRACT One of the most common disease associated with ageing is arthritis, which is autoimmune disease, affected more than 20 ,million people worldwide. It is a progressive chronic arthritis, characterized by inflammation of the membrane lining the joints, which ultimately leads to irreversible joint destruction and disability. Arthritis often limits a person’s mobility and cane causes them to have difficulties in carrying out their daily tasks and self care activities such as bathing, eating, walking and dressing. The present study was conducted to find out “Clothing practices and satisfaction level of elderly arthritis men and women”. The study was carried out in Udaipur city of Rajasthan. Samples of 30 male and female respondents were purposively selected for the present study, for getting the complete and desired information using personal interview method. The collected data was pre tested on 10 non- sample subjects (including 5 male & 5 female). The collected data was analyzed for percentage and frequency. The major findings of the study were as under:- Findings reflect that most respondents were in the age group of 45-55 years, belonged to nuclear families. The most common casual wear outfit of male was pant shirt and sari blouse for female. Most of the respondent’s proffered light weight cotton fabrics. All of the male respondent’s preferred plain fabric and female respondents proffered printed fabrics in both light and dark colors. The major decision about clothing purchase was taken by respondents themselves. Attributed like comfort, durability, color, budget, style etc. affect the buying of apparels. The results shows that majority of respondents were found less satisfied with constructional and functional aspects in clothing they possessed in their wardrobe. Majority of respondents did not feel comfortable in existing clothing and face problem in wearing & removing of both upper & lower garments, special problem in armhole, neckline finish and length of garments. All respondents preferred garments of centre front opening due to problem in slipping garment over head or in hands. Majority of the respondents preferred soft, smooth, absorbent & easy to care material in their garment. Loose garment having correct grain line with front opening were preferred by the respondents. Based on their clothing problem and their preferences, the researcher developed suitable guidelines for clothing design selection for arthritic men and women.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 47. Miss Bhawana A study on clothing practices of 2011 Dr. Sudha Babel Chittora visually impaired children. Uks=ghu cPpksa M.Sc. ds oL= vH;kl ij ,d v/;;uA

ABSTRACT When a blind child enters afamily, be it by birth accident, vision disorder or adoptation, parents and the others close to the youngster face the challenge of supplying the information and concept that sighted childern naturally acquire by visual obertation. If the blind child has other disabilities as well the sitution becomes stll more complicated. Every multiply disabled blind is unique so very little cane be said ingeneral about the resulting individual challenged. Blind children faces many problems like cannot put on or zip a coat, tie their shoes or button their shoes or button their own cloth. Blind children cannot identify the cloth and identify the color. The present study was conducted to find out “Clothing practices of visually impaired children.” The study was carried out in Udaipour city of Rajasthan. Samples of 30 respondents were purposively selected for the present study for getting the complete and desired information using personal interview method. The collected data was pre-tested on 25 non- sample subjects.The collected data was analyzed for percentage and frequency. The major finding of the study was as under; The most comman causal wear outfit of children was paint, shirt, T-shirt and Bermuda. Most of the respondets preferred blended fabrics. The result show that majority of respondents were found less satisfied withconstructional aspects in their clothing the espondents possessed in the wardrobe. Attributes like comfort durability, color, budget, style etc. affter the buying of apparels. All respondents preferred garments with center front opening due to problem in slipping garments head. Majority of the respondents preferred soft. Smooth absorbent & easy to care material in thoer garment with front opening were preferred by the respondents. The major decision about clothing purchase was taken by respondents family member. Majority of respondents did not feel comfortable in existing and face problem in wearing & removing of both upper and lower garments faced problem in fitting & fasteners related and to identify the front & back of the garment. Based on their clothing problem and their preferences the researcher developed suitable guidelines for clothing design selection for visually impaired children.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 48. Ms. Angom Indra devi An exploratory study on traditional 2011 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. textiles and costumes and Manipur Srivastava and adaptation of its designs on sarees and salwar –kameeg. Ekf.kiqj ds ijEijkxr oL=ksa ,o ifj/kkuks dk vUos’.kkRed v/;;u ,ao budsa uewuksa dk lkMh+ vkSj lyokj deht ij vuqdwyuA ABSTRACT

The rich textiles and costumes of Manipur showcase the great heritage of traditional and indigenous garment makingin the whole of North- Eastern region of our country.It has the potential to become an established cottage industry and go further into realms of large scale merchandising. The colourful, pictures que and pleasing textile and costumes of Manipur charactrized by primitive design, quality and color that strangely attractive inspired the research to adapt these designs on apparels item. An interview schedule was used tocollect the desinned information from Meitei respondets. A total number of 30 motifs/designs wee chosen from textile and costumes of Manipur. Adaptationof motifs/ design on sarees and salwar- kameeze was done on computer by using suitable softwares. 5 points ranking performa was developed by the researcher to selected the best six designs out of 30 developed designs of sareea and salwar- kameez. The stencil and block printing techniques were used for printing sarees and salwar- kameez. A ranting perfoma was given to the 30respondents (15 market personnel and 15 consumers) to assess market potential of the designed item. The outcome of the study divulges that the costs of the developed apparels items were found adequate and have enough market potential. All the respondents agreed to give profit for the designed item and 22.2 percent of respondents agreed for profit even more that (60%).Thus it is concluded that developed fashion apparels being inspired by designs from traditional textile and costumes of Meitei community of Manipur had enough market potentials as majority of the respondents liked to purchase these 3 apparels items.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 49. Miss Jyoti Bharti Skill development among rural women 2011 Mrs. Rupal Babel M.Sc. for establishment micro-enterprise through development of product using “chindi drrie wearing” technique . xkzeh.k efgykvksa esa dkS”ky fodkl ,ao y?kq m/kksx dh LFkkiuk gsrq fpnh njh cqukbZ rduhd )kjk fofHkUu mRiknksa dk fuekZ.kA ABSTRACT Development of family, society and ultimately the country depends upon the development of its female counterparts. Women are the indicator of society progress and prosperity. Besides the household task, women constitute a significant part of labor force chore their responsibilities and burdens doubled and have to expert themselves inbetween these twin roles. The opportunities have been open for rural women in the field of “Durrie weaving”. The handloom textile constitutes a timeless facet of the cultural heritage of India. It is an economic activity, which provide livelihood to the people. However, hereditary weaving- skills live on in many families in Rajasthan. The handloom Durrie was considered a cheap substitute to cover the floor. So in the present study rural women were exposed to various micro- enterprises based on Chindi Durrie weaving. he objectives of the present investigation were to study the existing knowledge and identify the training needs of rural women in the area of Durrie weaving and microenterprises based on Chindi Durrie weaving. An intervention information package developed for imparting training to rural women. Impact of training was assessed through developed product on information empowerment of rural women in terms of skill development. The study was conducted on 30 subjects of Girva Tehsil of Udaipur district of Rajasthan State. The desired information was collected regarding existing knowledge about Chindi Durrie weaving and related micro enterprises through interview method. The major findings of the study were Majority of the respondents (43.3% ) were in the adolescent age group, married (60% ) and (83.3%) belonged to nuclear family. More than56.6% respondent belonged to small family and had kaccha house (70%). Majority of respondents (76.6%) had less than 4 acre land. All the respondents (100%) were belonged to schedule caste.

Majority of respondents were not aware about the Chindi /durrie weaving its compents i.e. meaning, source, usefulness, of Chindi Durrie weaving etc. The developed intervation package was used for information empowerment of rural women through training for impact assessment in terms of gain in knowledge and skill development. The respondents after training showed significant improvement in gain in knowledge in all the components and performed well in skill development of Chindi Durrie weaving and related micro enterprises. Hence, it will be a good source of income generation in rural sectors especially for women to create micro-enterprises and to become empower.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 50. Miss Surbhi Sharma Development of intervention package 2012 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. on value added jute products for twV ls establishing Micro- Enterprise. fufeZr ewY;o/kZd oLrqvks )kjk y?kq m/kksx izkjEHk djus ds fy, gLr{ksih; lkeqP; dk fodklA ABSTRACT The natural golden fiber jute is a strongest, cheap and ecofriendly in nature. The two main types of jute, white jute (Corchorus copsularies) and dark jute or tosa (Carcgorus olitorios) are grown mainly in India. The present studt was undertaken with as objective to explore existing knowledge about jute among rural women, development of intervention package for skill development, imparting training among rural women and assessment of training. A purposive random sample of 30 respondents was selected from Griva Tehsil of Village Badgaon, Udaipur district of Rajasthan. Data was collected through interview schedule from the respondents. The data was further analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean percent and rating scale. The major findings of the investigation revealed that 43 per cent respondents belonged to the group of 26-30, educated up to 6-8 class (40%). Fifty three per cent respondent’s income ranges between Rs. 5,000-10,000/- month and had medium socio economic status (50%). Evaluation of intervention package shows that mean rating score for the developed booklet was ranging from 7.0 to 7.4 which came in the category of “very good” by panel of experts. The respondents had selected five jute products namely, belt, phone mat, book holder, photo frame and jute painting out of 20 jute products for training. There was eight days training programme and method demonstration was used as a mean for imparting the training. The result obtained from skill assessment of rural women was 100 per cent in training session. Further it was reported that estimated price of the jute products ranges from Rs.50-122, where as at 20 per cent profit, the price ranges from Rs.60-132. The feedback of the whole training was found to be very fruitful and had applicability for the future purpose. It was also found that rural women were eager to adopt the jute as an enterprise.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 51. Miss Chavi Kumari A Study on buying behavior of rural 2012 Dr. Rupal Babel Joshi mothers for pre- school children M.Sc. clothing. Xkzkfe.k ekrkvksa dk iwoZ”kkyh; cPpks ds fy, oL= O;ogkj dk v/;;uA

ABSTRACT Clothing plays an important part in child’s life development. Everyone likes to see children in ncute dresses but in addition to appearance, it is important to remember health and comfort features while selecting clothing for little once. The objectives of the present investigation were to study the clothing practices of rural mothers regarding clothing of pre-school children, factors affecting the clothing buying behavior and care and maintenance of pre-school children clothing. The sample size of the study was hundred rural mothers of pre-school children from Nandwel Village. Interview method was used for collecting the data. The silent findings of study were as follows. Majority of rural mothers were in the age group 18-28 years. Half of the respondents live in pucca house. Readymade garments were the most preferred by rural mothers for their children and they generally purchase clothes from local market. Half of the rural women purchase clothes from local market. The major decision maker about clothing of pre-school children was the mothers. Majority of respondents lacked knowledge about labels, starching, bluing, ironing, dry cleaning and size of the garments. The rural mothers preferred one size larger garments for their children. Majority of rural women prefers bright colors for their children and they also keep in mond price, durability and comfort feature. Cotton fabrics are mostly preferred by rural mothers for their children. Regarding storage of woolens, majority of respondents did not used repellent material.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 52. Miss Hema Upadhayay Adaptation of traditional aipan 2013 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. designs on apparels through block printing with natural thickening agent Abstract

Indian floor painting are unique in their motifs with ritualistic appeal of our culture. In the present study, Aipan, the floor paintings of Uttrakhand were exploited for the development of designs for kurties using natural thickening agent selected by preliminary survey. To achieve this, an interview schedule was used to collect the desired information from artisans about the motifs (from Almora) and thickening agents (from Udaipur)

A total number of 50 motifs were taken out from traditional Alpan paintings followed by screening of 10 motifs to simulate new designs using coral. Thirty designs (15 each) were prepared using single and combined motifs arrangement. Five point ranking Performa for different attributes namely size, placement, color of the motifs and its suitability to the background along with overall appearance was used by the judges to select designs, five from each group.

Simultaneously optimization of the selected thickening agent (Tamarind Kernel Power) was done at different concentrations. The selected concentration was also analyzed for physical characteristics and colorfastness on fabric and found to be improved in all aspects in compare of the unprinted fabric 8 per cent concentration of thickening agent was selected for printing the motifs on kurties. Block printing technique was used for preparing the final product i.e., cotton fabric kutries with the help of reactive dyes using the selected thickening agent.

A rating Performa was given to 30 Adolescent girls to assess the acceptability of the developed kurties and it was found that all the developed kutries had an acceptability of more than 80 per cent. Market potential of the kurties was also assessed through the rating Performa by 60 respondents (30 market personnel and 30 girls). All the respondents agreed to give profit of 20 percent for the designed items and 2 percent of the respondents agreed for profit even more than (60%). The outcome of the study divulges that developed fashion apparels being inspired by designs from traditional Aipan have enough market potentials as the majority of the respondents were willing to purchase apparels.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 53. Ms. Juhi Lodha Entrepreneurship development 2013 Dr. Rupal Babel M.Sc. through Niwar products among prisoners of Udaipur

Abstract Skill development for prisoner is a process whereby prisoners are able to organize themselves to increase their own self reliance, to assist their independent right to make choices and to control resource which will assist in channelizing their energy towards a positive direction. Through this the unemployment problem will be solved by vocational skill training input and they will become a successful entrepreneur in future. The present study was undertaken with an objective to explore existing knowledge about niwar among prisoners, development of intervention package for skill development, imparting training among prisoner and assessment of training. A purposive random sample of 30 respondents was selected from ‘central jail of Udaipur’, Rajasthan. Data was collected through interview schedule from the respondents. The data was further analyzed by calculating frequency, percentage, and mean percent scores. The major findings of the investigation revealed that 63.33 per cent respondents belonged to the age group of 31-40 educated up to primary level (66.66%). Ninety per cent respondents were married and had joint family (70%). Evaluation of intervention package showed that mean rating score for the developed booklet ranged from 3.5-4.0 which came in the category of “very good” by panel of experts. The respondents had selected five niwar products namely; Asana, Curtain, Belt, Bag and Magazine holder out of ten niwar products for training. There was twelve days training programme and method demonstration was used as a means for imparting the training. The result obtained from skill assessment of prisoners was 95.20 per cent in training session. Regarding market potential of developed niwar products it was reported that the estimated price of the five products ranged from Rs. 40 to 430 and 55 per cent market personnel’s preferred 20 per cent profit. It was also found that prisoner were eager to adopt the value added niwar products as an enterprise.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 54. Ms. Chandhni Swami Development of diversified products 2014 Dr. Sudha Babel M.Sc. using Chokla wool.

ABSTRACT Chokla wool is abundantly available in Loonkaransar and Bikaner tehsils particularly towards eastern and southern parts of Bikaner. Its wool is extremely white and lustures. The characteristics of Chokla wool suits to the requirement of ideal carpet wool in terms of micron, length, strength and resilience. To achieve the objectives of the current study it was carried out in three stages. First stage included collection of information related to present utilization pattern of Chokla wool, second stage was development of diversified products using Chokla wool and third stage included evaluation of developed products for their acceptability and market potential. The survey was carried out in Bikaner district. Information about utilization pattern was collected from 30 shopkeepers from wool mandi Bikaner who deals with the sales of this wool, and 30 customers were also selected for the study. Preference for to be developed diversified products was taken from twenty old age persons suffering from multiple arthritis. By scoring and ranking method top six most preferred products were developed at College of Home Science, Udaipur by researcher viz. Chest warmer pad, Upper back supporter, Lower waist belt, Wrist belt, Knee pad and Ear muff. These products were developed using Chokla wool in pure and blended form. Each product was duplicated into three. For first product Chokla wool was used in pure form, for second product seventy per cent Chokla and thirty per cent nylon was used, whereas for third fifty per cent Chokla and fifty per cent nylon was used. Further these products were given to twelve respondents suffering from multiple arthritis. Each product was given for a wear trial for three days, and responses were collected on suitability scale using five point rating scale. The finding of the study reveals that Chokla wool is only used for carpet and rug making. Production of this wool is declining day by day. Number of reasons are associated with it like poor government policies towards shepherds, import of other international wool and large number of cross breeding programs are found to be major reasons. Developed products were highly appreciated for their uniqueness and usefulness. Total suitability score of each product was more than 79 per cent and they were ready to purchase these types of products. Cost was calculated, all products ranged between Rs. 21 to Rs. 185, further when they were assessed for market potential it was found that 20-30 per cent profit can be gained by development of these type of products.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 55. Ms. Shruti Rawat A Study on Traditional Costume of 2014 Dr.Rupal Babel M.Sc. Bohra Community of Udaipur

ABSTRACT Clothing is a representation of cultures and beliefs. They portray an identity and conform to a social group. The styles uphold varies from castes to tribes and religions. Dawoodi Bohra, a sub sect to Shia Islam which hailed from Yemen centuries ago is a trader community and resides majorly in western India. Their distinct way of dressing differentiates them from the other Muslim communities in the country. Thus in order to explore their traditional costumes, coiffures and accessories, Udaipur, the city which homes a considerable population of Bohras was chosen for the study. The research was conducted on 180 respondents in the age group of 13 to 40 years, selected randomly from the densely populated areas. The major findings revealed that the traditional costume of Dawoodi Bohra female is ‘Jodi’ which consisted of Blouse as upper garment, Lehenga as lower and Dupatta as coiffure. The young girls wear Jabla (knee length tunic) and Izar (trousers) as traditional attire and scarves and caps as coiffure. The females wear a colourful two piece hijab called ‘Rida’ as an outer garment. The traditional costume of males is ‘Libaas-ul-anwar’ which consists of Jubba (tunic) and Izar (trouser) as upper and lower garment respectively and Saya as an outer garment. They put on a white and golden skull cap as coiffure. Among the accessories it was found that Bohra women prefer wearing jewelleries made of gold and silver or the ones golden in colour. These are- chains and necklace on neck, chudi, kade and bracelets on wrists and rings on fingers, tops, bali, jhumke, latkan and bunde on ears. Tika on forehead and Baajuband on arms are worn only by the bride; no ornament is worn on waist, legs and feet. Men are not allowed to wear any jewellery except for a silver ring of Ruby for daily use and a gold necklace only for the day of their wedding. For namaz, men replace Jubba with a loose garment called Peheran while women put on Jodi when at home and Rida when visiting mosques. The attire for the bride is Lehenga, Choli and Odhani while for the groom it consists of Sherwani or Rajasthani Angrakhi with Churidaar Pyjama and golden Pheta as coiffure. Accessories worn by the groom are Kamarband, Sehera, Baajuband and Dushala. Furthermore, during festivals and occassions, men wear the golden cap and special headgears like Pagri, Safa and Pheta and women dress in decorated Ridas and Jodis. During Moharram, people follow simple clothing, men wear only white caps and women wear less embellished attire. The two major taboos prevail are – prohibition of wearing black colour by the community members and use of only white clothes for four months and twenty days by woman after her husband’s death. Moreover, it was found that most of the family members or relatives of respondents, who reside abroad, follow their religious dress codes everywhere except for the workplace.

Student Name Topic Year Major Advisor 56. Ms. Neha Sen Changing Trends in Traditional 2014 Dr.Meenu M.Sc. Mojari Craft of Rajasthan Srivastava

ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to find out the traditional design, pattern and procedure of Mojari craft along with exploration of the changing trends in this work since last two decades.

The present study was conducted in the Udaipur, Jaipur and Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, being main centre of Mojari craft. From each district, three areas were selected purposively which were dominated by Mojari workers. The sample of respondents constituted of 90 taking 30 from each of the selected three districts, including those who were involved in Mojari work directly or indirectly. Personal interview and questionnaire techniques were used for getting information from the respondents. Frequency and percentage distribution were used for analysis of data.

The profile of respondents revealed that maximum number of the respondents (35.55%) was in the age group of 45-60 years. Most of the respondents lived in joint family and learnt the Mojari craft through the ancestral lineage. The educational stpspatus of respondents was unsatisfactory 40 per cent respondents educated up to primary level. Analysis of caste of the respondents showed that cent per cent respondents engaged in Mojari craft belonged to the reserve caste categories which included -Raigar (44.45%), mochi (41.11%) rest 14.44 per cent respondents belonged to the Muslims community. Mojari craft was main occupation of cent per cent respondents and had monthly income between Rs 1500-5000 (37.78%). Rajasthani Mojari craft has undergone lot of changes in raw materials, tool, embellishment, design, pattern, manufacturing process, products, price and selling procedures. Traditionally country(desi) leather used for making Mojari but now a day’s artisans showed more inclination towards chrome leather due to being easily available and inexpensive. Different types of embellishment used by respondents i.e. hand embroidery with golden zari, silver zari, wool and silk thread whereas in Jaipur and Udaipur embellishment with embroidery and painting was done using machinery. All respondents purchased raw materials from hat bazar and some purchased from local market/retailers. In Jodhpur cent per cent respondents used traditional tools and all work was done manually while in Jaipur and Udaipur machines taking over most manufacturing activities.

Different problems faced by respondents of all selected are high cost of raw materials, shortage of skilled labour, marketing, and poor financial conditions of the respondents. Various attributes responsible for changing trends i.e. Technology, Mass media, Fashion, Market Demand, Income, Mass production of Mojari.