Sculptured Symbol Stone at Newton Op Lewesk, Rayne
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SCULPTURED SYMBOL STON9 27 T RAYNEA E . IV. DESCRIPTION OF SCULPTURED SYMBOL STONE AT RAYNE AND SMALL CROSS AT CULSALMOND, ABERDEENSHIRE. BY JAMES RITCHIE, F.E.I.S., CORK. MEM. S.A. SCOT. SCULPTURED SYMBOL STON NEWTOT EA LEWESKP NO , RAYNE. The parish of Rayne lies fully twenty miles north-west of Aberdeen, and can be reached from either Inveramsay or Oyne stations on the main line of the Great North of Scotland Railway, or from Wartle station on the Macduff branch. From an antiquarian point of view it is rather an interesting parish. Lowrin Fair (i.e. Lawrence Fair), much frequente olden di n times stild f considerablan ,o l e importances ,i held annually in August at the village of Old Rayne. To it people gathered from far and near, and much business was transacted, not only sale f horseth o e n than d i cattle i f mant an so t bu ,y other kindf o s merchandise. It is recorded that on one occasion, Leslie, the laird of Pitcaple, an estate in the neighbouring parish, bought up all the wine to be had at the Fair, in anticipation of an approaching royal visit. Of frequene th t disputes whic hcommemorates i e Fair arose th t on , a e n di Tullidaffs Cairn, which marks the spot where Leslie of Wardes slew e lair th f Tullidaffdo . The old market cross (fig. 1) stands in the centre of the village, and in its shaft are embedded one or two fragments of iron, all that remain of the jougs, an old Scottish instrument of punishment, which, it may be presumed, was in frequent use during the time of the Fair. In the same village, too, there lived John Montgomery 168n i o 6 erecte,wh e dth fine Market Cross which still forms so prominent an object in the Castlegate of Aberdeen. Near the Parish Church lies the Bowman's Stone (fig. 2), where in olden times the men used to assemble to practise shooting with the bow, so that they might be ready to defend their homes when occasion required. John Barbour, Archdeaco f Aberdeenno e authod Th an , f o r Bruce, parsos wa f Rayne fourteentno th f eo towardd en h e centuryth s , e "Bishop' th ansite f dth o e s Palace s stili " l pointed out,e closth o et public school at Old Rayne. Abou quartea t mila f Rayne villagro d easth Ol f f eo te o stande th s well-known stone circle, still called "The Standing Stone f Rayne,o s " standinf w o stonee no d th thouge f 2n o gar s . e (figw Her3) th h fe . n eo May 1349 e King'th , s Justiciar, William, Ear f Ross o s presenl wa , t a t 280 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 191610 L . a court held for the settling of a dispute between William of St Michaee Bishoth d f Aberdeen.o pan l numbeA f yearo r s ago, when [J. R. photo. Fig. 1. Ancient Market Cross at Old Rayne. excavations were carried out within the area of this circle, pieces of burnt bones, urns, and charcoal were found. thin i ss i districtt I , then, which already contain mano s y objectf o s interes antiquarye th o t , tha sculpturee th t d Symboe b lo t Ston w eno described has been recently found. Fully half a mile to the east of the SCULPTURED SYMBOL STONE AT RAYNE. 281 " Standing Stones of Rayne " lies the farm of Newton of Lewesk, where the stone was discovered. In the autumn of 1914, after the hay had been secured jusd an ,t befor e corth e n croreads pr cuttingwa yfo Jamer ,M s Gordon, the farmer at Newton, took the opportunity to remove a block of stone from one of his fields, because it lay in the way of the plough when the land was being cultivated. The block lay embedded in the [J. R. photo. Fig. 2. The Bowman's Stone, near Parish Church, Rayne. soil about 300 yards south-west of the farm-steading, and only a few yards distant fro drystone mth e dyke which form westere sth n boundary fielde frod oth f s sit an e m,"Standinit e th g Stones visible e "ar th n ei distance. Whe e ston d beeth n ha en raised r GordoM , n fortunately happene notico dt e some curious e markundeth n ro s surface whicd hha been hiddee soilth . n ni Intereste e discoveryth n di carefulle h , - re y move farm-steadinge e stonth dth o et , wher t coulei examinee db t da leisure, and thus secured its preservation. In so acting Mr Gordon has earned the gratitude of all who are interested in our ancient Scottish Symbol Stones. 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 10, 1916. Underneat stone quantita hth y ela f blacyo k earth sufficien filo t tl ordinarn a y pail t thougbu , r GordohM n examine t dwiti h care he could detect no fragments of bones or any other objects in it. When I visited the spot, several months afterwards, the soil had been so much trodden underfoo cattle th y eb tpasturin fiele th d n gthai furthes tit r examination was rendered impossible. The facts that the stone was lying on its facethad an ,quantita t f blacyo k soiy underneatla l , suggeshit e th t inference that addition i , s originait o nt l purpos Symboa s a e l Stone, it had been utilised at a later date as a grave cover. [J. B. photo. Standine FigTh . .3 g Stone Kaynef so . The stone itself (fig. 4) is a block of reddish-coloured granite, similar whao t s founi t Bennachien o d quitd an , e commo districte th n t ni I . measure fees 2 inche 0 1 t s long foo1 , inche4 t s broadabous i d inchet7 an , s thick. Centurie f ploughino s g have' score s backdit , broke s edgesnit , and damaged portions of the symbols towards the outside of its face, e wholeth but n o ,, those portions which remain have been fairly well preserve protectioe th e soiy db whicn th i l f e sculptureno hth d surface y buried la e symbolTh . se threinscribear n numbert i ei n o d , viz. the Mirror Case, the Double Crescent, and a Rectangle with rod attached, of which no previous example has been found on any of the Scottish sculptured stones. The Mirror Case is of not infrequent occurrence. Including the present example founs i t ,i d twelve e sculpturetimeth n o s d stonesd ,an SCULPTURED SYMBOL STONE AT RAYNE. 283 cave th e walt Covese etwica th f o ln o e Elgin i a r Morayshireno n I . addition a rather doubtful instance occurs in a cave at East Wemyss n Fifei . e exampleSeveth f o n e founar s n Aberdeenshirei d . There exists also a modified form of what appears to be the same symbol, in which a square-shaped indentation e lowesoccurth n o se t th par f o t figure. Four instances of this for knowne mar t non ,bu thes f eo e occu Aberdeenshiren i r cire -Th . culae e rfigurth th hean f o eo d Newto Lewesf no k stone measures 6 inches in diameter, and is orna- mented by three rude arcs over- lapping each other withie th n circle in a manner different from any other known example carved on stone. Forms, somewhat simi- larly arranged, but much more elaborate in character, with the ends of the rude arcs turned into spirals, are, however, found in the Boo e somf n Kellsi kth o f d eo an , illuminated Gospels. stone opposite Ath tf th e o d een the Double Crescent Symbol is in- cisedformenarros o i t tw I .f wdo crescents placed back to back, a portio f eacno h convex side being omitted near the point of junction, and the vacant space thus left being ornamented by two small semi-circles, placed upright, with [J. B. photo. their convex sides turned towards Fig . Newto.4 Lewesf no k Sculptured Stone, now at Logie Elphinstone. centre figuree th ornath n f A eo . - ment forme a semi-circl f do e supporte curvey db d lines d havinan , ga small hollow dot in the centre, projects from the middle of each concave e figureth sid anothed f eo an , r curved line connect divergine th s g limbs crescente oth f t eacsa h whole sideTh .e figure, when complete, measured 7 inches in length, but the points of the crescents have been broken off ende on . t a This Double Crescent Symbo f raro s ei l occurrence, only previouo tw s example t beini f stono se g th f thesknownn o e o e s ei On . 284 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 1916L10 . e Castlehilfoune Nationath th t da n i f Kintorew o l Museuno d an , f mo Antiquitie e stonEdinburghn si th e othen o th fro s i d rm an , Ulbster, which now stands within the grounds of Thurso Castle. In each of these cases the ornamentation of the figure differs from that at Newton of Lewesk. e centrstone th th carvef n s ei I eo e thirdth d symbol t consistI .