1 the Outer Banks Brogue Overview North Carolina's Outer Banks Is
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WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT in COASTAL NORTH CAROLINA The
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN COASTAL NORTH CAROLINA The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Raymond J. Nierstedt Daniel A. Okun Charles R. OIMelia Jabbar K. Sherwani Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering School of Public Health Milton S. Heath, Jr. Warren Jake Wicker Institute of Government and North Carolina State University Larry D. King Department of Soil Science December 1980 The investigation on which this publication is based was supported through The University of North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute by the Division of Environmental Management of the NC Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Project No. 50020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract xii Acknowledgments CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Options for Water Quality Management Study Areas Population Distribution and Growth Northern Area Southern Area Sewerage Computer Program Wastewater Disposal Inland Coastal Sounds Ocean Disposal Land Application Wet land Application Water Reuse Costs Interceptor Sewer System - Gravity Sewers Pump Stations Force Mains Treatment Costs Ocean Discharge Land Application CHAPTER 11: WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTHERN (DARE COUNTY) COASTAL AREA Area Description Economy and Major Employment-Generating Activities Land Use Precipitation and Flood Control Water Supply in the Northern Area Water Resources in the Northern Area Wastewater Treatment Water Quality Wastewater Flows Disposal Options Coastal Sounds Ocean Discharge Land Application for Roanoke Island Land -
Bibliography of North Carolina Underwater Archaeology
i BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH CAROLINA UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY Compiled by Barbara Lynn Brooks, Ann M. Merriman, Madeline P. Spencer, and Mark Wilde-Ramsing Underwater Archaeology Branch North Carolina Division of Archives and History April 2009 ii FOREWARD In the forty-five years since the salvage of the Modern Greece, an event that marks the beginning of underwater archaeology in North Carolina, there has been a steady growth in efforts to document the state’s maritime history through underwater research. Nearly two dozen professionals and technicians are now employed at the North Carolina Underwater Archaeology Branch (N.C. UAB), the North Carolina Maritime Museum (NCMM), the Wilmington District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), and East Carolina University’s (ECU) Program in Maritime Studies. Several North Carolina companies are currently involved in conducting underwater archaeological surveys, site assessments, and excavations for environmental review purposes and a number of individuals and groups are conducting ship search and recovery operations under the UAB permit system. The results of these activities can be found in the pages that follow. They contain report references for all projects involving the location and documentation of physical remains pertaining to cultural activities within North Carolina waters. Each reference is organized by the location within which the reported investigation took place. The Bibliography is divided into two geographical sections: Region and Body of Water. The Region section encompasses studies that are non-specific and cover broad areas or areas lying outside the state's three-mile limit, for example Cape Hatteras Area. The Body of Water section contains references organized by defined geographic areas. -
2021 Lost Fishing Gear Recovery Project: Call for Working Water Assistance
2021 Lost Fishing Gear Recovery Project: Call for Working Water Assistance Applications Accepted Until December 15, 2020 The North Carolina Coastal Federation is currently accepting applications for “on-water” cleanup assistance relating to its annual Lost Fishing Gear Recovery Project. This project is open to commercial watermen and women in North Carolina. This project is funded by the N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission Commercial Resource Fund Committee and the Funding Committee for the N.C. Commercial Resource Fund under the Commercial Fishing Resource Fund Grant Program and is intended to improve habitat, water quality and support coastal economies. Eligible participants are selected for involvement in this program to help the federation and N.C. Marine Patrol remove lost fishing gear from coastal waters during the “no-potting” period. In January 2019, commercial watermen and women in partnership with Marine Patrol officers removed 3,112 pots from select areas in Districts 1, 2, and 3. The 2021 project will take place in select areas within all three Marine Patrol Districts statewide, during the closed seasons: o Jan. 1-31 north of the Highway 58 bridge to Emerald Isle o March 1-15 south of the Highway 58 bridge Compensation is $450 per boat per day. A captain and mate are required for each boat. Captain refers to the individual who is in charge of and provides the vessel. (A merchant mariner credential is not required for this project.) To be considered, captains must have a valid North Carolina standard commercial fishing license (SCFL). A copy of the license must be submitted with this application. -
Foundation Document Cape Lookout National Seashore North Carolina October 2012 Foundation Document
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Cape Lookout National Seashore North Carolina October 2012 Foundation Document To Nags Head OCRACOKE Natural areas within Water depths 12 Cape Lookout NS Ocracoke D Lighthouse N y Maritime forest 0-6 feet Ranger station Drinking water r A r L e S (0-2 meters) I F r Picnic area Parking e Cape Hatteras Beach and More than 6 feet g Permit required n (more than 2meters) e National grassland s Picnic shelter Showers s HYDE COUNTY a Seashore P Marshland CARTERET COUNTY E Restrooms Sanitary disposal station Beacon I K O C A North Rock R Tidal flat Toll ferry Lodging Gas station C Shell Castle O Life-Saving Service Station (Historic) PORTSMOUTH VILLAGE (Historic) Casey Ocracoke Open seasonally Island Inlet Babb-Dixon Cemetery There are no roads within Some land within the park National Ocean Survey Methodist Church the national seashore; a remains private property; charts are indispensable Community Cemetery 4-wheel-drive vehicle is please respect the owner's for safe navigation in Schoolhouse highly recommended for rights. these waters. driving on the beach. Sheep Island Tidal flats may flood quickly at high tide— depending upon winds North 0 5 Kilometers and seasons. ) y r y r r e 0 5 Miles F r e e PORTSMOUTH FLATS F t a t e S l c a i n i h l e o r V a C h t r o N ( PAMLICO SOUND PAMLICO COUNTY Mullet Shoal CARTERET COUNTY Pilontary Islands Wainwright I Shell Island Harbor Island Chain Shot Island Cricket Hog Island Island Cedar Island y r Point of Grass a d C n eda -
Extent of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Metric Report High-Salinity Estuarine Waters
EXTENT OF SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION METRIC REPORT HIGH-SALINITY ESTUARINE WATERS Extent of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation High-Salinity Estuarine Waters Metric Report Don Field 1, Jud Kenworthy 1, Dean Carpenter 2 INTRODUCTION Why Is the Extent of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Important Within the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System? Underwater vascular plants are key components of aquatic ecosystems. They play multiple roles in keeping Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System (APES) waters healthy by providing habitat, food, and shelter for aquatic life; absorbing and recycling nutrients and filtering sediment; and acting as a barometer of water quality (Thayer et al. 1984). More commonly called “submerged aquatic vegetation” (SAV), these plants enrich shallow aquatic environments around the world, providing sanctuaries for mollusks, crustaceans, and finfish as well as sustenance for waterfowl (Bergstrom et al. 2006). SAV includes marine, estuarine, and riverine vascular plants that are rooted in sediment (NCDEQ 2016) and is one of five types of aquatic plants in APES waters, the others being floating aquatic vegetation, emergent aquatic vegetation, micro- and macroalgae, and blue-greens (cyanobacteria) (Bergstrom et al. 2006). Because SAV are rooted in anaerobic sediments, they need to produce a large amount of oxygen to aerate the roots, and therefore have the highest light requirements of all aquatic plants (NCDEQ 2016). SAV can become stressed by eutrophication and other environmental conditions which impair water transparency and/or diminish the oxygen content of water and sediments. The plant’s response to these factors enables them to be sensitive bio-indicators of environmental health (Biber et al. 2004). While more than 500 species of SAV inhabit the world’s rivers, lakes, estuaries, and oceans (Bergstrom et al. -
North Carolina, Pp. 50-56
36086 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 132 / Tuesday, July 10, 2001 / Rules and Regulations Species Vertebrate popu- Historic range lation where endan- Status When listed Critical Special Common name Scientific name gered or threatened habitat rules ******* 3. Amend § 17.95(b) by adding critical elements within the designated Unit NC–4: Hatteras Inlet. 516 ha (1273 habitat for the piping plover boundaries are considered critical ac) in Dare and Hyde Counties (Charadrius melodus) in the same habitat. The majority of the unit is surrounded alphabetical order as this species occurs 3. Below, we describe each unit in by Cape Hatteras National Seashore, but in § 17.11(h), to read as follows: terms of its location, size, and is privately owned. This unit extends § 17.95 Critical habitat-fish and wildlife. ownership. These textual unit west from the end of Highway 12 on the * * * * * descriptions are the definitive source for western portion of Hatteras Island to (b) Birds. determining the critical habitat 1.25 km (0.78 mi) southwest of the ferry terminal at the end of Highway 12 on * * * * * boundaries. All distances and areas provided here are approximated. Ocracoke Island. It includes all lands Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) General location maps by State are where constituent elements occur from MLLW on the Atlantic Ocean across to Wintering Habitat provided at the end of each State’s unit 1. The primary constituent elements MLLW on Pamlico Sound. All emergent descriptions and are provided for sandbars within Hatteras Inlet between essential for the conservation of general guidance purposes only, and not wintering piping plovers are those Hatteras Island and Ocracoke Island are as a definitive source for determining also included. -
White Oakriver
RIVER WHITE OAK BASIN Tucked between the eastern portions of the Neuse and Cape Fear river basins, the White Oak River Basin abounds with coastal and freshwater wetlands. The basin includes four separate river systems, or subbasins, that feed into highly productive estuaries of Back, Core and Bogue sounds. profile: Core Sound produces the most valuable Total miles of streams and rivers: seafood catch in the basin, followed by 446 Bogue Sound and the Newport River. Total acres of The New River subbasin (not to be confused estuary: 130,009 with the New River Basin in the northwestern Total miles of part of the state) is the largest and most populated of the White Oak River Basin. It contains coastline: 91 the city of Jackson ville and the U.S. Marine Corps base at Camp Lejeune. But the basin draws Municipalities its name from the White Oak River, a remote, scenic, 48-mile river that spills into Bogue Sound within basin: 16 past the picturesque town of Swansboro. Still farther east is the basin’s Newport River, which Counties begins near Havelock and flows into the eastern end of Bogue Sound. The shortest and eastern - within basin: 4 most river in the basin is the North River, which empties into Back Sound near Harkers Island. Size: 1,264 square miles Forest and wetlands—both privately and publicly owned—cover almost half the basin. More Population: than 80,000 acres of the Croatan National Forest lie within the White Oak River Basin. It 150,501 hosts the largest population of carnivorous plants of any national forest and is the second largest (2000 U.S. -
Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions in Cape Lookout National Seashore North Carolina
Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions in Cape Lookout National Seashore North Carolina Michael A. Mallin Virginia L. Johnson Matthew R. McIver Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2004/322 United States Department of the Interior • National Park Service The National Park Service Water Resources Division is responsible for providing water resources management policy and guidelines, planning, technical assistance, training, and operational support to units of the national park system. Program areas include water rights, water resources planning, regulatory guidance and review, hydrology, water quality, watershed management, watershed studies, and aquatic ecology. Technical Reports The National Park Service disseminates the results of biological, physical, and social research through the Natural Resources Technical Report Series. Natural resources inventories and monitoring activities, scientific literature reviews, bibliographies, and proceedings of technical workshops and conferences are also disseminated through this series. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Copies of this report are available from the following: National Park Service (970) 225-3500 Water Resources Division 1201 Oak Ridge Drive, Suite 250 Fort Collins, CO 80525 National Park Service (303) 969-2130 Technical Information Center Denver Service Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225-0287 ii Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions in Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina Michael A. Mallin, Virginia L. Johnson, Matthew R. McIver Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina at Wilmington Wilmington, N.C. 28403 http://www.uncw.edu/cmsr/aquaticecology/laboratory This work was accomplished under Task Order J2380 03 0238 of Cooperative Agreement H5000 02 0433 of the South Florida / Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystems Study Support Unit. -
America's Best Lighthouses
America's Best Lighthouses Take a Tour of These Incredible Lighthouses By Kristin Luna Tags North America United States North Carolina Oregon Massachusetts California History Just as they attract sailors with their welcoming beacons, lighthouses attract visitors from all over the world to witness their majesty. While New England likely boasts the most lighthouses per square mile, you'll find worthy ones all along North America's coasts. Discover Travel Channel's picks for some of the continent's greatest and what makes them so. Portland Head Light Cape Elizabeth, Maine A 5-mile drive from Maine's seaside town Portland, Cape Elizabeth draws its share of tourists to its crown jewel, Portland Head Light -- the state's oldest lighthouse, which stands 80 feet above the ground and 101 feet above the water. A classic visual representation of the Eastern seaboard, the lighthouse watches over the rugged coastline below as the waves break violently against the rocks. More than 2 centuries old, Portland Head Light played a crucial role during the Civil War: As raids on ships became more and more common, the tower was raised to stop further occurrences. The stone structure is one of the 4 remaining lighthouses that haven't been rebuilt (though the whistle house was reconstructed in 1975 after a severe storm took its toll), and it is surrounded by the verdant Fort Williams park. Heceta Head Lighthouse Yachats, Oregon Listed on the National Register of Historic Places for engineering and architectural excellence, the Heceta Head Lighthouse went up in 1894 and is the brightest light on Oregon's coast. -
North and South Carolina Coasts
Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol. 41, Nos. 1±6, pp. 56±75, 2000 Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain PII: S0025-326X(00)00102-8 0025-326X/00 $ - see front matter North and South Carolina Coasts MICHAEL A. MALLIN *, JOANN M. BURKHOLDERà, LAWRENCE B. CAHOON§ and MARTIN H. POSEY Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 5001 Masonboro Loop Road, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA àDepartment of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA §Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA This coastal region of North and South Carolina is a sediments with toxic substances, especially of metals and gently sloping plain, containing large riverine estuaries, PCBs at suciently high levels to depress growth of sounds, lagoons, and salt marshes. The most striking some benthic macroinvertebrates. Numerous ®sh kills feature is the large, enclosed sound known as the have been caused by toxic P®esteria outbreaks, and ®sh Albemarle±Pamlico Estuarine System, covering approx- kills and habitat loss have been caused by episodic imately 7530 km2. The coast also has numerous tidal hypoxia and anoxia in rivers and estuaries. Oyster beds creek estuaries ranging from 1 to 10 km in length. This currently are in decline because of overharvesting, high coast has a rapidly growing population and greatly siltation and suspended particulate loads, disease, hyp- increasing point and non-point sources of pollution. oxia, and coastal development. Fisheries monitoring Agriculture is important to the region, swine rearing which began in the late 1970s shows greatest recorded notably increasing fourfold during the 1990s. -
Foundation Document, Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Cape Lookout National Seashore North Carolina October 2012 Foundation Document To Nags Head OCRACOKE Natural areas within Water depths 12 Cape Lookout NS Ocracoke D Lighthouse N y Maritime forest 0-6 feet Ranger station Drinking water r A r L e S (0-2 meters) I F r Picnic area Parking e Cape Hatteras Beach and More than 6 feet g Permit required n (more than 2meters) e National grassland s Picnic shelter Showers s HY a DE COUNTY P Seashore CAR E Marshland TERE Restrooms Sanitary disposal station T COUNTY Beacon I K O C A North Rock R Tidal flat Toll ferry Lodging Gas station C Shell Castle O Life-Saving Service Station (Historic) PORTSMOUTH VILLAGE (Historic) Casey Ocracoke Open seasonally Island Inlet Babb-Dixon Cemetery There are no roads within Some land within the park National Ocean Survey Methodist Church the national seashore; a remains private property; charts are indispensable Community Cemetery 4-wheel-drive vehicle is please respect the owner's for safe navigation in Schoolhouse highly recommended for rights. these waters. driving on the beach. Sheep Island Tidal flats may flood FLATS quickly at high tide— H T depending upon winds North 0 5 Kilometers and seasons. ) y r y r r e 0 5 Miles F r e e PORTSMOU F t a t e S l c a i n i h l e o r V a C h t r o N ( PAMLICO SOUND Y CO COUNCOUNTTY ET R PAMLI E RT Mullet Shoal A C Pilontary Islands Wainwright I Shell Island S Harbor Island NK Chain Shot Island Cricket Hog Island Island B A Cedar Island y r Point -
II. Data Acquisition the Identification and Collection of Pertinent Data Is Critical to the Understanding of Any Natural System
NC BEACH AND INLET MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL REPORT ______________________________________________________________________________________ II. Data Acquisition The identification and collection of pertinent data is critical to the understanding of any natural system. The nature of the beaches and inlets along the coast are influenced by a wide array of factors that include geology, sediment characteristics, waves, currents, water levels, and storms. Datasets related to socioeconomic factors are also integral to comprehensive management of the beaches and inlets. The amount of data available for North Carolina’s coast is considerable and the collection and analysis of it all is beyond the scope of this initial BIMP effort. Therefore, the objective of these data collection efforts was to develop the best understanding of the state’s beaches and inlets based on the most readily available and relevant statewide data sets. Collectively this information can serve as a common reference point for the discussion of possible management strategies. A. Review of Coastal Statewide Planning/Management Case Studies The BIMP is intended to be a holistic examination of the oceanfront coastline focusing on a regional management approach rather than just individual beach and inlet projects. States are approaching beach and inlet management planning in a variety of ways, under a variety of titles (e.g., shoreline management, regional sediment management, ocean shore management), and on a variety of scales. A literature review was conducted by the Division of Coastal Management (DCM) to identify states and other entities that have addressed statewide or local beach and inlet management plans, a well as to review the approaches studied and adopted (Appendix A).