DOCSLIB.ORG

How Frugal Innovation Promotes Social Sustainability

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How Frugal Innovation Promotes Social Sustainability sustainability Article How Frugal Innovation Promotes Social Sustainability Rakhshanda Khan LUT School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lahti 15140, Finland; rakhshanda.khan@lut.fi; Tel.: +358-408-225-592 Academic Editor: Yongrok Choi Received: 27 June 2016; Accepted: 11 October 2016; Published: 15 October 2016 Abstract: There is a need to develop an understanding of how frugal innovation promotes social sustainability. The objective of this paper is to find the connections between the two concepts of social sustainability and frugal innovation, by reviewing the existing literature concerning both fields. This paper presents a framework that identifies essential themes of social sustainability and explores them through frugal innovation. The framework builds on the important themes of social sustainability and shows their relevance in practice through frugal innovation. The notion of frugal innovation can be viewed as an approach towards realizing social sustainability and fulfilling the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Keywords: social sustainability; frugal innovation; practice; Sustainable Development Goals 1. Introduction Within the sustainability discourse, the social pillar is considered of utmost importance, alongside the other two pillars of sustainable development—environmental and economic. Social sustainability is focused on the development of programs and processes that promote social interaction and cultural enrichment. It emphasizes protecting the vulnerable while respecting social diversity and is related to more basic needs of happiness, safety, freedom, dignity and affection [1]. Notably, the key challenges of sustainable development reside at the interfaces and trade-offs between its various dimensions [2]. Therefore, it is essential to develop the concept of social sustainability by adopting the integrating framework of sustainability [3]. Both the environmental and economic aspects of sustainable development are intertwined with the social pillar. For example, it is perhaps not possible to either achieve happiness in a society that is economically disadvantaged or have a healthy community if air quality is poor. According to Torjman [4], “human well-being cannot be sustained without a healthy environment and is equally unlikely in the absence of a vibrant economy”. Keeping the above principle in view, this paper seeks to highlight how social sustainability is strongly linked to frugal innovation. “Frugal innovation refers to products (both goods and services), processes, or marketing and organizational methods that seek to minimize the use of material and financial resources with the objective of reducing the cost of ownership while fulfilling or even exceeding certain pre-defined criteria of acceptable quality standards” [5]. Through frugal innovation, economically disadvantaged communities have been able to solve various problems pertaining to health, education or energy and uplift their standard of living. Frugal innovation has made a significant impact on society because it has aimed to solve pressing societal problems through ingenuity while simultaneously generating revenue. It has been argued before that businesses can play a critical role towards achieving sustainable development [6,7] and do untold good for the society [8]. Furthermore, frugal innovation has the potential to improve a company’s sustainability performance [9]. However, the social benefits that frugal innovation can offer to the society have not been discussed considerably. The objective of this paper is to find the connections between the two concepts of social sustainability and frugal innovation, by reviewing the existing literature concerning both fields. Sustainability 2016, 8, 1034; doi:10.3390/su8101034 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability 2016, 8, 1034 2 of 29 SustainabilityThe objective2016, 8, 1034 of this paper is to find the connections between the two concepts of social2 of 29 sustainability and frugal innovation, by reviewing the existing literature concerning both fields. The researcher argues that the role of frugal innovation towards sustainable development should be Thestudied researcher in depth, argues better that tools the should role of be frugal formed innovation to analyze towards their relationship sustainable [10]; development and a strong should link beshould studied be established in depth, better between tools the should two concepts. be formed Theref to analyzeore, it is their useful relationship to link the [ 10concept]; and aof strong social linksustainability should be empirically established betweento frugal the innovation two concepts. as this Therefore, connection it is usefulwill tofurther link thebroaden concept our of socialunderstanding sustainability of the empirically role of frugal to innovation frugal innovation towards as the this promotion connection of Sustainable will further Development broaden our understandingGoals (SDGs) especially of the role concerning of frugal innovation social sustainability. towards the promotionThis article of contributes Sustainable to Development establishing Goalsconnections (SDGs) by especially presenting concerning a framework social for understan sustainability.ding the This link article between contributes social sustainability to establishing and connectionsfrugal innovation. by presenting a framework for understanding the link between social sustainability and frugalThe innovation. remainder of this paper is structured as follows: In the next section, the methodological approachThe remainderis discussed. of Section this paper 3 gives is structured an overview as of follows: the two In import the nextant concepts: section, thesocial methodological sustainability approachand frugal is innovation. discussed. Based Section on3 gives the social an overview sustainab ofility the and two frugal important innovation concepts: literature, social sustainabilitythe argument andfor linking frugal innovation. the two concepts Based on is the then social justified. sustainability This section and frugal presents innovation various literature, examples the argumentof frugal forinnovations linking theand two shows concepts their connection is then justified. to the themes This sectionof social presents sustainability various and examples SDGs. Thereafter, of frugal innovationsimplications andfor theory shows and their practice connection are discussed to the themes in Section of social 4 and sustainability the conclusion and and SDGs. future Thereafter, research implicationsdirections are for discussed theory and in Section practice 5. areFor discussedthe purpose in of Section this paper,4 and th thee researcher conclusion has and chosen future Littig research and directionsGrießler’s definition are discussed of social in Section sustainability5. For the [11] purpose which ofis thisdescribed paper, later the researcherin this paper has and chosen Tiwari Littig and andHerstatt’s Grießler’s definition definition of frugal of social innovation sustainability [5] which [11 is] whichalready is described described in later the inintroduction. this paper and Tiwari and Herstatt’s definition of frugal innovation [5] which is already described in the introduction. 2. Materials and Methods 2. Materials and Methods A large volume of literature was scanned but a limited number of documents were reviewed and Acritiqued large volume depending of literature upon thei wasr scannedapplicability but a limitedto the topic number in discussion. of documents The were documents reviewed were and critiquedselected from depending the social upon sustainability their applicability and frugal to the topicinnovation in discussion. literature. The The documents aim was were not selectedto read fromeverything the social written sustainability on the topic and but frugal to review innovation a representative literature. sample The aim of waspape notrs from to read both everything bodies of writtenliterature on in the order topic to but gain to reviewa sufficient a representative understanding sample of the of paperstopics fromand establish both bodies connections. of literature Two in ordermain todatabases gain a sufficient were chosen understanding for this research of the topics which and include establish the connections.Web of Science Two and main Scopus. databases The wereinitial chosen search forwas this undertaken research whichusing basic include keywords the Web in of the Science beginning and Scopus. of January The 2016. initial The search study was of undertakenthe existing usingbody of basic knowledge keywords concerning in the beginning two topics—social of January 2016.sustainability The study and of thefrugal existing innovation— body of knowledgehas been carried concerning out systematically. two topics—social Figure sustainability 1 shows the relative and frugal publication innovation—has volume beenrelated carried to frugal out systematically.innovation and Figure social1 sustainability shows the relative derived publication from Web volume of Science related Core to Collection. frugal innovation It is interesting and social to sustainabilitynote that both derivedthe fields from of literature Web of Science have grown Core Collection. exponentially It is in interesting the last couple to note of thatyears. both It is the evident fields ofthat literature there has have been grown an exponentiallyincreasing interest in the lastin coupleboth the of years.fields Itof is frugal evident innovation that there hasand been social an
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 4Ps of Inclusive Business: How Perseverance, Partnerships, Pilots and Passion Can Lead to Success
    January 2014 Perseverance Partnerships Passion Pilots The 4Ps of inclusive business: How perseverance, partnerships, pilots and passion can lead to success Caroline Ashley, Tom Harrison, Carolin Schramm and the BIF implementation team Foreword Since early 2010, we have been working in the Business Innovation Facility (BIF), immersed in the exciting and intriguing journeys of inclusive businesses in Bangladesh, India, Malawi, Nigeria and Zambia. BIF is a pilot programme funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), that has provided hundreds of inclusive businesses with technical and advisory support, which means the BIF team has been truly inside the ‘engine’ of business. This report is the culmination of the lessons learned during this work, written at the completion of the BIF pilot. Our report draws together findings on inclusive business models that work – or don’t – and the journeys that companies are making. There is a strong story to tell, about the challenge and importance of creating a viable business model, how it evolves in different directions and the time needed to deliver results at scale. Despite the diversity of the BIF portfolio, some common themes have emerged. Nonetheless, some caveats are equally important. Our analysis is based only on a small and very specific portfolio – 40 businesses which have received lengthy and intensive support and have been engaged in our core monitoring system. Although most of these businesses have been developing their inclusive business for several years, it is still ‘early days’ on their journey, and thus the findings represent a snapshot at a moment in time, not a definitive conclusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Brokering Inclusive Business Models” (2010)
    Private Sector Division, UNDP: “Brokering Inclusive Business Models” (2010) This series also includes: Inclusive Markets Development Handbook (2010) And the following supporting tools: Private Sector Division, UNDP: “Assessing Markets” (2010) Private Sector Division, UNDP: “Guide to Partnership Building” (2010) This document was produced for the Private Sector Division, Partnership Bureau, UNDP Authors: Christina Gradl and Claudia Knobloch, Emergia Institute Design: Rodrigo Domingues Copyright © 2010 United Nations Development Programme One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or their Member States. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the United Nations Development Programme. Brokering Inclusive Business Models – Private Sector Division, Partnerships Bureau, UNDP 2 Preface This primer is written for brokers of inclusive business models, the people who provide the connecting tissue between companies, communities and development organizations, between business and human development, between business strategy and development expertise. The role of the broker is essential even though often hardly visible. Success for a broker means ensuring ownership with companies and partner organizations, the creation of a self-sustainable business model, it basically means becoming superfluous. And yet, brokers often provide the initial spark, the access to partners and resources, the ongoing motivation, support and advice that make inclusive business models succeed. We hope that this primer can support them in this important endeavour.
    [Show full text]
  • Alliance for Inclusive Business Alliance for Inclusive Business
    World Business Council for Sustainable Development ALLIANCE FOR INCLUSIVE BUSINESS ALLIANCE FOR INCLUSIVE BUSINESS SNV W. Robert de Jongh, Reintje van Haeringen, Laura Fähndrich, Christian Marlin, José Antonio Camposano and Justin Bench (General Coordination) - Oficina Regional Latinoamérica / Knowledge Institute Mercon Coffee Group - Juan Francisco Martínez and Gerardo Torres (SNV) Delizia - Javier Ayala (SNV) Pronaca - Lissy Vélez (SNV) Dinant - Dario Oyuela Sandino (SNV) Dole - Alberto Martos (SNV) Nestlé Perú - Raquel Rebolledo (SNV) E-connecting - Julio Garrett (SNV) Reverse Trade Fairs - Julio Garrett (SNV) Promigas - María Clara Rodríguez (SNV) SODIMAC - Octavio Sotomayor (SNV) World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Marcel Engel and Filippo Veglio - WBCSD Development Focus Area SNV and WBCSD wish to express their thanks to María Virginia Vilariño - Argentine Business Council for Sustainable Development (Spanish acronym: CEADS) Marcia Vidaurre - Mercon Coffee Group Jorge Kuljiš - Executive President, E-connecting Flavia Giménez Turba - Creator of Reverse Trade Fairs Juan Carlos Corvalan and Pablo Urbina - SODIMAC Delizia Pronaca Dinant Dole Nestlé Perú Promigas Gas Natural BAN Editorial Production Patricia Jaramillo M. - Environmental Communication Patricia Jaramillo Martínez - Editing and writing Patricia Londoño Rivera - Technical advisor, writing, and adjustments Juan Carlos Gómez Amaya - Proofreading Bibiana Alturo Mendoza - Desing and diagramming Photographs: various company archives Copyright © SNV and WBCSD, May 2011 ISBN: 978-3-940388-74-2 Original title of the publication: ‘Negocios Inclusivos: Creando valor en América Latina’ Copyright © SNV and WBCSD, October 2010. ISBN: 978-958-44-7346-2 Disclaimer This publication, prepared by WBCSD and SNV, is the result of collaboration between several companies, SNV, and the WBCSD secretariat. A considerable range of persons reviewed the drafts, ensuring that the document represents the opinions of a majority of the members of WBCSD and SNV.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape of Inclusive Business Models of Healthcare in India
    Landscape of Inclusive Business Models of Healthcare in India Business Model Innovations Contact Pallavi Shrivastava | [email protected] Tanu Chhabra Bahl | [email protected] This report titled ‘Landscape of Inclusive Business Models of Healthcare in India’ has been written for the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Wadhwani Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare (WISH) by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India. Disclaimer IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, creates opportunity for people to escape poverty and improve their lives. We foster sustainable economic growth in developing countries by supporting private sector development, mobilizing private capital, and providing advisory and risk mitigation services to businesses and governments. This report was commissioned by IFC through its Inclusive Business Models Group, which aims to create transformational solutions to critical development challenges. The conclusions and judgments contained in this report should not be attributed to, and do not necessarily represent the views of, IFC or its Board of Directors or the World Bank or its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. IFC and the World Bank do not guarantee the accuracy of the data in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Foreword Improvement in delivery of affordable quality healthcare is a clear development challenge to address the needs of the base of the pyramid (BoP) population. Over the last few years, there has been an emergence of innovative self-sustainable, ‘inclusive business models’ and India is emerging as the hub of such innovations which cater to the healthcare needs at the BoP. Some of these are working directly with the BoP segment whereas others are working in partnership with Governments and/or part of Government healthcare schemes to maximize reach and impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Health: Medical Devices and Services Sustainable Development Sector Analysis Framework
    Health: Medical Devices and Services Sustainable Development Sector Analysis Framework May 2020 This is a methodological document aimed at clarifying how Mirova considers sustainable development issues in the framework of the environmental, social and governance analysis of each sub-sector of activity. C2 - Inter nal Natixis The medical services and devices sector encompasses Sectors: Health Care companies involved in various activities related to health Facilities, Managed Health Care, Health Care care. Indeed, it includes healthcare facilities (hospitals, Equipment, Health Care nursing homes etc.), companies providing medical Supplies, Health Care equipment (surgery robotics, hearing aids, implants etc.) Services and supplies (needles, pads, surgical packs and small instruments etc.) as well as services providers enabling, among others, the digitalization of the sector. While these companies have various business models, they all face potential for disruption. Indeed, personalization of patient care, changing lifestyles and demographic trends will influence the type of products and services delivered by these companies. Moreover, these trends will shape patients and stakeholders’ expectations including sustainability related features. In this changing context, companies in the sector carry the opportunity to address numerous social challenges. Among others, innovations in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning can help in decreasing healthcare costs thanks to improved efficiency across the value chain. Moreover, the recent evolution of the EU and US regulations will increase the administrative burden for most devices companies while strengthening patient safety. The responsibility of companies in ensuring product safety is more than crucial and is to be monitored through relevant quality standards. Alongside, other relevant sustainability issues remained to be tackled by companies in the sector.
    [Show full text]
  • MIND OUR BUSINESS — Amplify the Transformative Power of Sustainable and Inclusive Business Models Through EU External
    MIND OUR BUSINESS Amplify the transformative power of sustainable and inclusive business models through EU external action ABOUT CONCORD CONCORD is the European Confederation for relief and development NGOs. Our members are: 28 25 04 National Platforms Networks Associate Members which represent over 2,600 NGOs supported by millions of citizens all around Europe. Our Confederation brings development NGOs together to strengthen their political impact at the European and global levels. United, we advocate for Europe-wide policies to promote sustainable economic, environmental and social development based on human rights, justice and gender equality. We also work with regional and global civil society allies to ensure that EU policies are coherent in promoting sustainable development in partner countries. More at: concordeurope.org ABOUT THE FAIR TRADE ADVOCACY OFFICE The Fair Trade Advocacy Office (FTAO) speaks out on behalf of the Fair Trade Movement for Fair Trade and Trade Justice with the aim to improve the livelihoods of marginalised producers and workers in the South. The FTAO is a joint initiative of Fairtrade International, the World Fair Trade Organization and the World Fair Trade Organization-Europe. We envisage a world in which justice and sustainable development are at the heart of trade structures and practices so that everyone, through their work, can maintain a decent and dignified livelihood and develop their full human potential. More at: fairtrade-advocacy.org ABOUT COOPERATIVES EUROPE Cooperatives Europe is the voice of cooperative enterprises in Europe. On behalf of its: from member organisations European countries across all business sectors it promotes the cooperative business model in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusive Business Solutions: EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY and ACCESS at the BASE of the PYRAMID
    Inclusive Business Solutions: EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY AND ACCESS AT THE BASE OF THE PYRAMID Report of a Conference held October 7–8, 2010 in Washington, DC Written by Beth Jenkins, Eriko Ishikawa, Alexis Geaneotes, and John Paul Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the contributions of a wide range of colleagues. The authors owe a debt of thanks first and foremost to the IFC clients who traveled great distances to come and share their experiences at the October 7-8 event. Experts Jane Nelson (Harvard Kennedy School), Mike Kubzansky (Monitor Group), Nancy Barry (Enterprise Solutions to Poverty), and Erik Simanis (Cornell University) provided invaluable insight from their research and consulting work. Peter Tynan (Dalberg) skillfully facilitated the discussion, drawing on the wisdom of several projects with IFC in the inclusive business space. The event and this report have been a joint effort of IFC’s Inclusive Business Team and colleagues across Investment and Advisory Services (please see Annex D). Among them, the authors give special thanks to their teammates Toshi Masuoka, Sujata Lamba, Farzin Mirmotahari, Piya Baptista, Jonathan Dolan, Daniel Coutinho, and Marcela Sabino. Along with the authors, Daniel, Jonathan, Marcela, and Piya conducted a number of the interviews. Jonathan, Piya, IFC Advisory Services colleagues Soren Heitmann and Sabine Durier, and the Harvard Kennedy School’s Sam Phillips Lee were also involved in writing the case studies featured in Annex A, which are reprinted from the April 2010 report Scaling Up Inclusive Business: Advancing the Knowledge and Action Agenda, published jointly with the Harvard Kennedy School. Finally, the authors would like to thank IFC Senior Management, including Executive Vice President and CEO Lars Thunell, Vice President of Advisory Services Rachel Kyte, and Vice President of Global Industry Jyrki Koskelo, for creating time for this event in their busy Annual Meeting schedules.
    [Show full text]
  • IFC's Experience with Inclusive Business
    IFC’s Experience with Inclusive Business An assessment of IFC’s role, outcomes, and potential scenarios AN IEG MESO EVALUATION © 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction This work is a product of the staff of The World RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS and Development / The World Bank Bank with external contributions. The findings, The material in this work is subject to copyright. 1818 H Street NW interpretations, and conclusions expressed in Because The World Bank encourages Washington, DC 20433 this work do not necessarily reflect the views dissemination of its knowledge, this work Telephone: 202-473-1000 of The World Bank, its Board of Executive may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for Internet: www.worldbank.org Directors, or the governments they represent. noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Cover Photo: © World Bank Photo Collection The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Any queries on rights and licenses, including The boundaries, colors, denominations, and subsidiary rights, should be addressed to other information shown on any map in this World Bank Publications, The World Bank work do not imply any judgment on the part Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC of The World Bank concerning the legal 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: status of any territory or the endorsement [email protected]. or acceptance of such boundaries. IFC’s Experience with Inclusive Business An assessment of IFC’s role, outcomes, and potential scenarios An IEG Meso Evaluation March 30, 2018 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties.
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusive Business Models
    INCLUSIVE BUSINESS MODELS TRAINING MODULES INCLUSIVE BUSINESS MODELS TRAINING MODULES Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2017 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109982-7 © FAO, 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • What It Is All About? Managing Inclusive Companies
    International Review of Management and Marketing Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012, pp.22-42 ISSN: 2146-4405 www.econjournals.com Inclusive Business – What It Is All About? Managing Inclusive Companies Tea Golja Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Department of Economics and Tourism, Croatia. Email: [email protected] Samanta Požega Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Department of Economics and Tourism, Croatia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Following the challenges we face today, the inclusive business models are future business models through which the Millennium Development Goals can be fostered and strengthen. These are the models which, through their strategic orientation on inclusivity, include low income communities in their value chain. This can be done through combining variety of strategies which all have two common points – recognition of stakeholders and adjustment of the product to the target market. The paper presents the analysis of inclusive markets. Hence, the research results show the dispersion of inclusive businesses worldwide, type of the organization, sector coverage, and contribution to MDGs as well as the particular way of inclusion of low income communities in their value chain. The aim is to present how inclusive business benefits not only the low income societies, but the companies that operate in this way as well. Keywords: Inclusive business organizations; MDGs, Inclusive business models; Base of the Pyramid strategy JEL Classifications: M14; D23; L20; A13 1. INTRODUCTION As the businesses grow, consequently their demand for supplies is increasing, and thus their need to include other parts of the world's economy is needed. In this way they can create business opportunities for the world’s population in lower income societies (or the base of the pyramid - BoP).
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Shared Value Embedded an Inclusive Business Model: a Case Study
    Asian Journal of Business and Management (ISSN: 2321 – 2802) Volume 04– Issue 02, April 2016 Creating Shared Value Embedded an Inclusive Business Model: A Case Study Nishchapat Nittapaipapon* and Thithit Atchattabhan School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China *Corresponding author’s email: nishchapat [AT] outlook.com _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT— The creation of Creating Shared Value (CSV) concept of Porter and Kramer (2011) has disclosed in empirical managerial to both of theoretical research and business practical according to the fact that it has become a concept that could be practiced and expanded. In essence, CSV implementation can initiate and determine from the corporation’s existing resources hence, using existing resource deemed to exemplify effort value. Hence, this study aspires to examine the business model that correspond to CSV concept and would appoint to be prototypical of business success with a case study. This study aims to identify the critical factors for the implementation of an inclusive business model and offers a context for a critical perspective of business and social conditions for adopting CSV business model. Business continues to operate as the CSV-profit opportunity focused simultaneously, contributes the empirical of social value creation to society. The case study evolves the corporation successfully managed and strengthened to the community which it marks by supportive the agricultural cooperative. This pattern is operated with CSV-altruism focused which has become the core element of CSV business model. In the sense, there has been emphasized the elementary of organization culture since it has been cultivated at the beginning of business establishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexes to G20 Inclusive Business Framework
    G20 DEVELOPMENT WORKING GROUP ANNEXES TO G20 INCLUSIVE BUSINESS FRAMEWORK ANNEXES TO G20 INCLUSIVE BUSINESS FRAMEWORK Annex I: Additional Background on Inclusive Business 1 Annex II: Inclusive Business Case Studies 7 Annex III: Policy Instruments to Enable Inclusive Business 36 Annex IV: The Role of Multilateral Development Banks in Supporting Inclusive Business 68 Annex V: Summary Results of the G20 Survey on Inclusive Business Policies 71 Annex VI: Inclusive Business Links to G20 DWG Work Streams 80 Annex I: Additional Background on Inclusive Business Definitions In 2011, the G20 adopted a working definition of inclusive business in advance of its Challenge on Inclusive Business Innovation: “a private sector approach to providing goods, services, and livelihoods on a commercially viable basis, either at scale or scalable, to people at the base of the pyramid by making them part of the value chain of companies’ core business as suppliers, distributors, retailers, or customers.” The term “Base of the Economic Pyramid” (BOP) was coined by C.K. Prahalad in his book, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Today, BOP is often used as shorthand to describe men and women who are low-income or who lack access to basic goods and services. This group often experiences economic and social exclusion, and represents a range of vulnerable populations. A low-income person is commonly considered to be someone earning less than up to $8/day in purchasing power parity terms (PPP). Using PPP terms allows the real figure to be adjusted so that the relative purchasing powers amongst different countries are equal.
    [Show full text]