CENSUS 19~1
SOUVENIR
KERALA
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY
M. VIJAYANUNNI, lAS DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS KERALA PROLOGUE
The 1981 Census of India which was the biggest administrative exercise in the world, engaging over a million and a quarter persons all over the country, was a great saga of human endeavour and a shining example of what the united and concerted efforts of a dedicated army of people could achieve by putting their shoulders together in a gigantic national task. The census men had to encounter occupational hazards of theIr own. Like III Andamans where they had to leave out of enumeration the Sentilese, a hostile aboriginal tribe who could not be approached, and approach the Onge tribesmen loaded with material gifts to ensure their co-operation in the census. In the golden beaches of Goa, the enumerator could not venture after dusk to enumerate the houseless like in other parts of the country, for he would be accus::d of acting a'i a peeping tom on certain sights for the gods by hippies. Of course the hazards in our country are nothing compared to the mortal risks of enumerators in certain other countries like Afghanistan where they had to abandon the census midway through when their enumerators started being simply done to death by hostile tribesmen. The present census provided great- challenges and matching responses; meticulous planning and tireless toil. There were occasions when we had to improvise and dare, and in Churchilrs words we "improvose and dore"'. And there was triumph (and fortunately, no disaster, and hence we never had to treat those two impostors alike as advised by Rudyard Kipling). In this publication we have attempted to capture and present the more interesting glimpses of the various census experiences which would otherwise be consigned to oblivion with the efflux of time. 2 ABOUT THE CENSUS OF INDIA Few people from outside realise that Census is an administrative operation of great dimension and, in addition, it is a scientific process. Indian Census in particular covers the largest population of the world and it is also one of the most economical administrative operations. Census as an institution goes back to the remote past but it is no longer a mere counting of heads. It in volves extraction of information which plays a vital role in the determination of many of our administrative policies. The facts elicited during the course of the operation yield valuable scientific data of sociological importance. In many matters it provides a useful guide for the effectiveness or otherwise of our economic policies. The theory of population is itself an interesting part of economics. The Census helps us to test and adapt that theory to facts. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Home Minister of India on the 1951 census
In our country we have these census operations on a vast scale. I wonder if any other country carries on such operations in the same manner as elaborately, accurately, objectively and dispassionately as we do here. In our country the censuses have always been conducted in a scientific spirit, in a rational manner, without any bias or prejudice .... In these days you cannot take up any serious administrative, economic or social work without referring to the Census report which is an essential part of every enquiry of every study. Even for the solution of minor problems you have often to consult the Census reports. Govind Ballabh Pant Home Minister of India on the 1961 census
Iridia is on the threshold of momentous changes in the social and economic life of the people. These have to be based on the knowledge of the state of the people and accurate assessment of their needs. The Census provides such an assess ment. In our country the Census is an operation of gigantic magnitude. Over a million trained census-takers .... will visit every household throughout the length and breadth of the country and coHect data on the important demographic, social and economic characteristics of every individual. The success of a census depends on the whole hearted co-operation of the people. Every single individual is an equal partner in this great national venture. Indira Gandhi Prime Minister of India on the, 1971 Census 3
CARTOONS ON CENSUS Indian Express Indian Express February 14, 1981 March 19, 1981 RIVATE VIE RIVATE VIE 'NOlAN E)<.PRESS MARCH 19 1981 POPULATION DOUBLED SIN ('E INDEPENDENCE
I hope you Census Officers will fearlessly expose the excesses of the public. Today we fly the flag at half mast.
Illustrated Weekly April 4, 1981
"My son will answer all your questions. He needs practice for his interview this week !" 4
Mahl) ala rvlanorama, Kottayam Malayala Manorama, Kottayam February II, 1981 February lA, 1981
~ c:>J §J, 6)ffi.l oOffi.l ffi.l6 dhJro u "4)~ CTnJS 2, ~.!lJJB 1 g;Q"J (lJ'l§1m?> [r'LJ::Jm;LJ~mcmm1(QJJ(QJ(lJ«J "4)(((J)? -9-d6 ffi.l_j((iJ)JlJ(Qil 0),cl crl:ll 'Q Mathrubhoomi, Trivandrum February 10, 1981 , . ffi.l((J)clffi.lmUWJl)(J)) rulQJ(\)o'.J)crnclJ (,(\)::JC!"l 'LIiJ:.,6TT)((j)u .... "4)mlo%'60 Clll'OC!6m3J«Jd%l2,. dh~sl ~()6 :LJla:~~roU, mJeJe, (!dhCl'l'l, 63ro~ rL1§1, 'LI')6lcon.. .. rL1C:O "Are you absolutely positive, this is part of the Census?" Census-taker: "In which state were you born?" "Well", hesitated the blushing spinster, "er...... in the nude." 6 Tactless enumerator: "1 ju~t want to know how many of you IS deaf, dumb, blind, in sane and idiotic-likewise how many convicts there is in the family -- what all your ages are, especially the old woman and the young ladies - and how much the old man earns." (TREMENDOUS SENSATION ALL ROUND THE TABLE) SPAN February 1981 WIZARD OF ID 7 Hazards which a census enumerator should beware of , I: I f By M. VIJA Y ANUNNI Director of Census Operations, Kerala Published in the Kerala Kaumudi, Trivandrum 15-2-1981 1. Enumerator: Are you married? rul ruon.nl tmCQJoa6Tl)O ? Girl: No. (IDO~. 2. Enumerator: How many children do you have? n{j)(tm c£hb31c£h§b6rl'SU? * * * * 3. Enumerator: How many children do you have? n{j)(tm c£hb31c£h§b6rl'SU? Woman: Five. (IDO 6lID.J () • 4. Enumerator: Are you married? The enumerator should take care not to ask questions in the wrong sequence, or he may have to suffer summary punishment as in this case and run for his life. 8 '"The information collected through census will be kept confidential and will not be used for any other purpose." -Census Act ( I~ I I By VlJAYANUNNI 1. Bachelor enumerator: Married? Beautiful spinster: No ®i)~. 2. Enumerator: In that case will you ~m,1 am @ru By VIJA YANUNNI Question 14 A: Worked anytime last year? Even a straightforward census question like the above may take on a mischjevous import in a context like this. 11 KUDOS TO THE CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 FROM ABROAD "You must have set a record for speed in producing census results. To have provisional results for your large and populous country within two weeks of the date of enumeration is an enviable performance. The inclusion of graphics and commentary simply adds reasons for the admiration of the massive teamwork you had organized. We are also impressed by the speed with which this report reached us." Conrad Taeuber Georgetown University Washington, D. C., U.S.A. * * * * "It remains a constant source of surprise and pleasure to me to see India compile, publish and distribute preliminary data for a popUlation of over 650,000,000 on an almost overnight time-table. You certainly set a world record for efficiency." Forrest E. Linder President International Institute for Vital Registration and Statistics Maryland, U.S.A. * * * * "I am honored to have received a copy of Paper 1 of 1981 Census of India and am extremely impressed at the extraordinary record of preparing prelimi nary totals for the second largest population in the world in such a very short time. Congratulations." Ansley .I. Coale Princeton University Princeton, U.S.A. * * * * 12 "You put us to shame by the speed with which you turned out the provi· sional results of the 1981 Indian Census. Congratulations on the compilati9n of the results in such a short time. 1 was showing the copy to the staff and they could not believe what they saw." Mercedes B. Concepcion Dean Population Institute, Manila Philippines * '" '" * "You and your staff are to be congratulated for such timely release of these figures. The Census of India is known as a remarkable operation indicating high professional and operational standards ...... We can only aspire in our 1981 Census of Canada to meet your standards!" Edward T. Pryor Census Manager Statistics Canada, Ottawa '" '" '" '" "We wish to express our sincere appreciation to you for sending the provisional results from the Census of India, 1981, and to offer our congratula tions to you and your organization on the timeliness with which the results were available." Samuel Baum U. S. Bureau of the Census Washington * '" * * "1 wish to congratulate you in bringing out this publication so soon after the completion of the census work on 5 March 1981. This is a clear demon stration that even seemingly impossible things become possible when there is a will and an inspired direction." M.N. Murthy Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific Tokyo, Japan 13 "It is of course an incrediable feat to bring out this publication in record time. I am yet to locate any other country, even the so-called developed ones, which can boast of such achievements. As an Indian, I felt proud to show this to my friends here." P. S. Nair Inter University Programme in Demography Brussels * * * * FROM INDIA M. L. Kampani Do No. 1/AS/(K)/82 Additional Secretary Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs Dated the 1st January, 1982. My dear Padmanabha, I am desired by the Home Minister to convey his appreciation to you and to your colleagues for the efficiency and speed with which the census operations have been carried out and the Provjsional Population Totals published. The Home Minister is particularly happy to note that the organisation of the census has received international recognition and he has perused with interest the various letters of appreciation received from international authorities. The Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Home Secretary and I would also like to add our congratulations on the successful completion of one of the largest administrative exercises in the world. With best wishes Yours sincerely Sd/- Sri. P. Padmanabha (M. L. Kampani) Registrar General, India New Delhi * * * * 14 The provisional population figures for the 1981 Census have just been released, and before commenting on the figures it is necessary to pay tributes to the extremely efficient and prompt manner in which this massive task has been successfully completed. The Census in India is certainly the biggest such exercise anywhere in the world, and the quiet efficiency with which it has been undertaken could be a model for other countries. At a time when inefficient and shoddy performance seems to have become the order of the day, the census provides a refreshing contrast, and all concerned deserve warm commendation. Dr. Karan Singh, M. P. The Tribune, March 31, 1981 * * * * Let us all join in praise of this truly great feat. Congratulations to the Census Commissioner, the 30 Directors of Census Operations in 22 States and 8 Union Territories, hundreds of other senior people involved at various levels and a million and a quarter of enumerators and supervisors who carried on the entire marathon operation with discipline and competence which few, if any, developing countries command. The census count related to the sunrise of 1st March 1981. Within a fortnight thereafter on 18th March 1981 the Census Commissioner released to the nation the first broad results through a valuable document. Simultaneously his colleagues at the State and Union Territory levels also released the corresponding data for their States/Union Territories. Such quick results of such a large volume of data for a country the continental size like India, within just a fortnight should be regarded as a feat of the highest order. All praise be to our census men. Dr. Narottam Shah Director Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, Bombay 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the context of the smooth and successful culmination of the 1981 Census Operations, it is our privilege to place on record the devoted services rendered by the dedicated band of officials both in the Census Department and in the field hierarchy, the unstinted co-operation extended by the state government, the media and the public and above all, the inspiring guidance and encouragement provided by our workaholic chief Mr. P. Padmanabha, lAS, Census Commissioner, India. Time and again throughout the gruelling months of preparation and execution, we had occasion to receive from him prompt words of appreciation and commendation for every good job done, as briefly indicated below. About the measures adopted in this state for the supervision and the smooth and successful conduct of the operations, the Census Commissioner in his letter dated January 30, 1981 commented "The reporting and monitoring system which has been established is quite thorough and I am sure this will give you a complete control over the operations. I would agree with you that this would ensure close and effective supervision and I was happy to notice that you have established a very satisfactory system". Again, in his letter dated February 10, 1981, the Census Commissioner, India said "It is only intensive touring that will ensure that the work goes on without any hitch and I am glad that you have been able to cover your state so many times and so intensively. This in itself will ensure smooth and successful completion of the census". Regarding the Collectors' Conference arranged to discuss the preparatory measures for the Census on October 6, 1980, the Census Commissioner wrote "I am extremely happy to note that the Conference went off very well indeed and 1 am sure this will go a long way towards ensuring the success of the Census in Kerala. 1 am sorry to have missed it". Regarding the publicit.y measures adopted in this state for the first phase of the 1981 Census viz. Houselisting operations in 1980, the Census Commissioner in his letter dated April 2, 1980 commented "The publicity measures adopted have been very wide and I am sure will pay us rich dividends in the actual operations. This is largely due to your having established liaison with the departments concerned. This is very well organised indeed". Again, about our pUblicity campaign for the census enumeration in February 1981, he had this to say in his letter dated March 12, 1981 "Your publicity campaign has been very well organized and I must compliment you on the very wide nature of the publicity methods adopted. In particular, the inauguration in almost all areas, novel schemes relating to guessing the population etc. are certainly new innovations. The coverage is clear from the photographs and news cuttings. My congratulations on a very well thought out publicity programme". About the pUblicity received in this state for the 1981 Census results the Census Commissioner said in his letter dated March 28, 1981 "This has been an excellent pUblicity effort and I was happy to see that you have received very good coverage. The newspaper reports are analytical and presented in a very readable manner, particularly the boxed items". About the albums that we compiled with the photographs and news cuttings on the 1981 Census in K.erala. the Census Commissioner said in his letter dated July 2, 1981 "I think both these 16 albums are extremely valuable historical material and should be retained permanently in your office. Apart from being of historical value, these are a record of personal achievement which I am sure must have given you a tremendous feeling of confidence and satisfaction". If these were the opinions from above, the reactions from below are equally important since the success of the operations depended on the motivation and preparedness of the field officials under the Charge Officers. A conscientious and active Charge Officer from· Quilon district (who has also been selected as the best Charge Officer in the district by the District Collector) had this to say in his letter dated March 15, 1981 "This is the third Census I am participating in my serviceand of course the last. This time the instructions were clear and comprehensive. The syllabus of the training classes were much systematic. The training classes given by the Director were instructive. So also the various conferences held were effective. This time the Census work took a conscientious outlook from the very start and the tempo could be maintained till the last. Every enquiry to the Director had an immediate response. In addition to all these, the Director took much pains to give wide publicity to the census work. As Charge Officer, I place my humble few lines of appreciation before the Director for the learned, systematic and effective leadership given in the 1981 Census". The high degree of motivation and earnestness manifest in these words are indeed gratifying and it is the dedicated and diligent services rendered by such officials in the field with high motivation that helped the state to acquit itself creditably in the 1981 Census. 17 ABOUT OUR FIRST 'PUBLICATION PAPER 1 OF 1981 Our first publication Paper I of 1981-Provisional Population Totals of Kerala was well received and some of the reactions are extracted below which we share with the readers in all humility. This warm reaction from all sections, while giving us immense gratification in our toils, will also impel us to provide greater service to the specialised data-users as well as the enlightened general readers who will both find the census data fascinating. Kerala's Paper I of 1981 was the very first to be printed and brought out among all the states in India in record time. The enumeration final round was over on 5th March 1981 and the totals were compiled and relayed from the 40,000 enumerators upwards through the 8,000 supervisors and over 130 charge officers in the 12 districts and the state totals were ready on 8-3-1981. The publication Paper I was finalised and its printing completed within the next ten days by burning the midnight oil literally, our object being to bring out the printed volume simultaneous with the official release of the provisional results of the Census. By meticulous advance planning and painstaking follow-up this was achieved and the books were brought out of the Press on 19-3-1981 evening and the first copy was airlifted to the Census Commissioner, India on 20-3-1981. The Publication was presented to the Chief Minister of Kerala on 21-3-1981 morning (photographs elsewhere) and then copies of the Publi cation and the data were released to the newsmen immediately thereafter on the same day at a press conference held by the Director of Census Operations, Kerala at Trivandrum. It was a fitting finale happily climaxing the months of herculean efforts towards the successful conduct of this massive operation. On perusing our Paper I of 1981, the Census Commissioner in his letter dated March 24, 1981 wrote "I must congratulate you on your Paper 1 which has been btought out excellently and 1 was particularly happy to see that you have added considerably to the information. This is a very good production and one can justifiably take pride in this. I would be happy if you could convey my thanks and good wishes to all our colleagues in your office who doubtless also were fully involved in this effort. This is just the beginning of what will doubtless be an excellent series of publications from Kerala". A large number of other personages have conveyed their appreciatory sentiments on receipt of our Paper 1 and the more important of these are extracted hereunder. Views and opinions conveyed by dignitarie1l, fellow-oflicen aud census colleagues on receipt of our Paper 1 of 1981 "My hearty congratulations for the success of the operations and for the efficiency shown in conducting them!' -A. K. Antony, Ex-Chief Minister, Kerala. "My warm congratulations on the publication of Paper 1. It certainly improves upon the high standards of Kerala Censuses. All the tables are very Jucid anc the photographs are good." -Asok Mitra, ICS (Retd.), Census Commissioner, India in the 1961 Census and now Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University. New Oelhi. "I congratulate you most sincerely for publishing this volume in so short a time after the census. As a previous Census Commissioner. though of a small unit, 1 have a fairly good idea of the work involved and hence the congratulations." -8. V. K. Menon, lAS (Retd.), C'.ensus Commissioner \)f Cochin in the 1941 Census. 18 "I must congratulate you for the very prompt release of tht." census figures. The ba.,ic demo graphic traits of the people of Kerala presented so clearly in the Paper will be valuable and highly informativl! to alL" -Dr. U. S. Nair, Census Commissioner of Travancore-Cochin in the 1951 Census. "It is an extremely interesting and impressive piece of work." -Dr. Justice T. K. Thommen, Judge, Kerala High Court. "I must congratulate you and your team of devoted workers in bringing out this vcry useful and informative volume in such a short time. You may be interested to know that some of the results of this preliminary report have been referred to by our M.Sc. students in their theses to be submitted this year." -Dr. R. Ramkumar, Professor & Head, Department of Demography and Population Studies, University of Kerala. "It is a very timely and useful material in our Library. My colleagues and students will be welcoming this number most warmly. Congratulations for the beautiful get-up, attractive format and excellent presentation of statistics." -Dr. P. K. B. Nayar, Professor & Head, Department of Sociology. University of Kerala. "Your paper is an impressive work elegantly and exquisitely brought out. It provides a new pelspective of enumeration and a total picture of a great task accomplished with oistinction. It is an imaginative production within the framework of robust realism, more, a synthesis of the time tested wisdom of tradition and the sophisticated techniques of modernity. The work is a perpetual acknowledgement of your abilities both as a leader and as an administrator and will assure you a place ill the category of distinguished men drafted for similar jobs in the past." -Dr. S. N. Sadasivan, Professor of Administration, Indian Institute of Public Administration. " ...... It has been nicely done!" -Dr. K. I. Vasu, Pro-Vice-Chancellor, University of Cochin. "I am glad to see the compliments sent to you by the Census Commissioner, India for having brought up this in so short a time in an excellent. way." -T. M. Savankutty. Chairman, Kerala Public Service Commission. "If I had not seen this document I would not have realised the tremendous effort required for this magnificent operation. May I congratulate you on the very speedy completion of this operation." --M. C. Cyriac, Member, Kerala Pubiic Service Commission. "The brochure has indeed been brought out in an innovating manner and provides a large quantum of very useful information." --Vice Admiral O. S. Dawson, Flag Officer Commanding in-Chief, Southern Naval Command, Cochin. "The publication is highly informative and is considerably useful to us in planning our Telecommunication developments. The publication has indeed set the pace for accurate and comprehensive compilation which would be coming forth." -D. R. Mahajan, General Manager, Telecommunications, Kerala Circle. "Let me also congratulate you for hinging this out so promptly.:' -P.. G. K. Panickar. Director. Centre for Development Studie~, TrivandruID. 19 "May 1 also congmtulate you on the speed with which you have brought out this ~xcellellt publication. The publication, 1 am sure, will prove u:;eful for us for planning our programmes." --K. N. Nair. Station Director, An India Radio, Calicut. "I take this opportunity to congratulate you on the excellence of the work turned out by your department under your dynamic leadership. Usually a production of this nature is bound to be, as the idiom goes, dryas dust. But your touch has certainly made it golden, a thing to be cherished and studied m depth." -·Prof. C. K. Narayanan, Principal, Nehru Arts and Science College, Kanhangad. "It is really a very informative and u&eful piece of publication apart from its beautiful get up projecting your personality and individuality. No doubt it is a treasure to be preserved and any amount of congratulations to you will not be adequate. There is nothing surprising that a publi cation of this kind would receive encomiums which you richly deserve." -C. P. Chandrasekharan, The Hindu, Cannanore. "Indeed it is a valuable record full of original information. Your careful editing, illustrations and intelligent ideas have made it more beautiful. This rare publication deserves all praise." -Po Gopi, Malayala Manorama, Cannanore. "The in-depth study your team has been able to make in such a short time as disclosed in the Paper shows the originality and devotion of the leadership. I am certain the publication will serve as a model to many other states." -T. Balakrishna Menon, Chief Engineer (Retd.), Trivandrum. "I can very well appreciate that the collection of such enormous data, their tabulation and presentation in such simple and easily understandable style, that too immediately after the comple tion of census operations, required tremendous amount of planning, dedication and hard work. Even this very first publication reflects aU these aspects. My congratulations and compliments to you, your lieutenants and staff for this great achievement." -Dr. P. N. Nair, IFS, Chief Conservator of Forests, Kottayam. "The publication has been brought out almost within days of completing the enumeration. This, besides the quality of the contents, deserves the heartiest congratulations. The sincere appre ciation of the Census Commissioner of India is a fitting tribute to this excellent producti,m." -P.S. Gopinathan Nair, formerly Joint Director, Bureau of Economics and Statistics, Government of Kerala. "I must congratulate you on the remarkable speed and efficiency with which the census data have been tabulated and presented in a precise and intelligible form." -T. N. Jayachandran, lAS, Secretary to Government of Kerala, Agriculture Department. "I find the publication extremely useful and interesting. Please accept my hearty congra tulations on this excellent work." -A.V. Venkatachalam, IPS, Special I. G. of Police, Trivandrum. "It has been brought out in record time and the get-up of the publication is also excellent. Please accept my warmest congratulations." -R. Radhakrishnan, IPS, DJ.G. of Police, Trivandrum. 20 " ...... excellent and valuable publication ...... " -M. Abdul Sathar Kunju, IPS, D.I.G. of Police, Trivandrum. "On completion of the magnificent task of Census Operations for the State; I am sure you derive a big satisfaction. Also you deserve congratulations." -K. J. Joseph, IPS, D.l.G. of Police, Cochin. "The publication is indeed useful, informative and is equally interesting too. The whole exercise is a commendable endeavour and no doubt a large part of the credit for this goes to you. I take this opportunity to congratulate you and your staff." -R. K. Medhekar, IPS, Commissioner of Police, Trivandrum. "You and the team working under your leadership deserve to be congratulated on the efficiency shown in compiling, printing and making available such a lot of useful data so swiftly." -Chemmanam Chacko, Director of Publications, University of Kerala. "I am really glad to know that your meritorious services rendered for the success of the census have been highly applaUded by the Census Commissioner of India. Kindly accept my heart-felt congratulations. " -Dr. Vellayalli Arjunan, Director, State Institute of Encyclopaedic Publications, Trivandrum. "It is indeed a very useful publication, beautifully designed and printed." -C. Ramachandran, lAS, Director of Public Instruction, Kerala, Trivandrum. "I must congratulate you and your staff for bringing out such an excellent publication within a short period after the census. It brings a lot of credit to you and your organisation. I look forward to receiving your subsequent publications on this very interesting subject." -R. C. Choudhury, lAS, Chairman, Marine Products Export Development Authority, Government of India, Ministry of Commerce, Cochin. "Hearty congratulations for the Paper on the 1981 Census. I find very useful information in this and as a student of demographic studies I value the information furnished therein." -Sarala Gopalan, lAS, Executive Director, Central Social Welfare Board, New Delhi. "Even glancing through it, one can easily make out what a fund of information it provides. I must congratulate you for bringing out dry statistical information in such an interesting manner." -J. Lalithambika, lAS, Cochin. HI must really congratulate you for having brought out this excellent publication. I do not recollect having ever seen statistical information presented in such an absolutely fascinating manner." - K. M. Chandrasekhar, lAS, Cochin. "It is a nice document with all the relevant information. My hearty congratulations to you." _·P. K. Sivanandan, lAS, District Collector, Idukki. "I would like to convey my congratulations for your excellent publication. Having gone through it from cover to cover I feel fully justified in saying so. I am proud of your achievement and its quality. Knowing you, I know, it cannot be otherwise. For the first time you have roman ticised the otherwise mundane and drab business of census operations, giving it a new dimension and aura of grandeur. It appears that anything can be made fascinating and glorified if the right approach is made by right persons." -K. J. Mathew, lAS, Trivandrum. 21 "This publication is highly informative and extremely useful. I am sure you and your colleagues must have taken great pains in compiling this booklet. You can certainly take credit for undertaking such a stupendous task and preparing such a booklet which must be a model for other states. f hope that the Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala, under your able and dynamic leadership will bring out many more similar publications shortly." --K. R. Rajan, lAS, Cochin. "Kindly accept my heartiest congratulations for bringing out such a well-written and beautifully designed Paper which is so impressive from cover to cover." -I. C. Srivastava, lAS, Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan. "It was quite a pleasure to receive your beautiful booklet after the stress and strain of the Census which we have just left behind. Allow me to congratulate you on your excellent performance which is manifest in the quality and content of the publication." --R. K. Birendra Singh, MCS, Director of Census Operations, Manipur. "Congratulations for your nice publication." -S. N. Ghosh, lAS, Director of Census Operations, West Bengal. "The pUblication is excellent for the analysis of the facts and figures and trends, nice repro duction of photographs, charts, maps and diagrams so carefully prepared, the aIray of figures at the statutory town and taluk levels, the synoptic history of census in India and Kerala etc. which cast a spell on me for quite some time and I gloated over the pages of the fasdnating publication. The analysis of sex ratio and literacy rates are thought-provoking. Paper 1 is a mini administra tion report and general report rolled into one. The preparation of such a magnificent publication within so short a span of time from 8-3-1981 (10.30 a.m.) to 20-3-1981 must have been done in breath-taking rocket speed without abdication of quality. The photographs made the hectic days of census-taking nostalgic, memorable and warmly intimate. to -So Sinha, Deputy Director of Census Operations, West Bengal. "The publication is absorbing and the pictures therein tell interesting stories of the census operations. " -T. V. Srinivasan, lAS, Joint Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu. "A perusal of the publication reveals the dedication and hard work put behind it, besides the attractive presentation of data." -Jai Kumar Jain, Deputy Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan. "The Kerala Directorate deserves to be congratulated on bringing out within such a short time an excellent publication which provides fairly exhaustive information on Kerala." -A. W. Mabatme, Deputy Director of Census Operations, Maharashtra. "I am very glad to read the splendid opinions you have received on your census publication. May I also add my voice to those others and say how very much I enjoyed looking at the special features that you have introduced in this publication." -V. K. R. V. Rao. Bangalore. On perusing the opinions, the Census Commissioner, india again wrote in his letter dated Apri12S, 1981 "As I wrote to you earlier Paper 1 has been brought out very well and I think what has been said by friends and colleagues is fully deserved. I am sure this will have come as a shot in the arm to you". 22 CENSUS COMMISSIONERS OF INDIA/DIRECTORS OF KERALA AREA INDIA MALABAR COCHIN 1~72 (No one appointed) W. R. Cornish 1875 A. l'iankariah Dewan Peishcr 1881 W. C. PJowoen, ICS Lewis Me Iver A. Sankariah Bat"-at-Iaw, MCS Dewan Pdshc, 1891 J. A. Rains, ICS H. A. Stuart, ICS C. Thiruvenki' FRSS, MRAS 1901 H. H. Risley, lCS W. Francis, les M. Sankara IV 1911 E. A. Gait, les J. Chartres Molony. ICS C. Achyutha 11 192! J. T. Mart~n. leS G. T. Boag, lCS P. Govinda M 1931 J. H. Hutton, les M. W. M. Yeatts, ICS T. K. Sankara 1941 M. W. M. Y~atts, ICS O. H. Elwin, ORE, l.CS B. V. K. Men< 1951 R. A. Gopalaswamy, ICS S. Venkateswaran, CIE, les KERALA 1961 Asok Mitra, les M K. Devass:;, 1971 A. Chandra Sekbar, lAS K. Narayana n 1981 P. Padmanabba. lAS M. Vijayanun, CENSUS OPERATIONS OF TRAVANCORE 1875 V. Nagam Aiya ar Superintendent of Census V. Nagam Aiya ar Deputy Peishcar tachadar V. Nagam Aiya, FRHS Dewan Peishcar lenon N. Subrahmanya Aiyar Dew«n Peishcar .-lenon N. Subrahmanya [yer . Dewan Peishcar enon. Murari S. Krishnamurthi Ayyar, FRSS M",non N. Kun.ian Pillai Ph. D. (Leipzig) A. Narayanan Thampi Bar-at-Iaw TRAVANCORE-COCHIN U. Sivaraman Nair, Ph.D., FASe, FNI '. lAS , lAS ni, lAS CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA VISITS KERALA CENSUS DIRECTORATE AUGUST 9, 1981 Director of Census Operations, Kerala, Mr. Vijayan Unni with the Census Commissioner, India. Mr. P. Padmanabha ,. . .. ~ . "," , • , t Census Commissioner with the officers of the Kerala Census Directorate. Left to right : P. Gopalakrishnan Nair (Regional Deputy Director, Muvattupuzha), K. K. Muhammad (Regional Deputy Director, Calicut), K. Gopinathan (Investigator), B. T. Pillai (Joint Director), M. Krishnamoorthi (Regional Deputy Director, Trivandrum), S. Jayashanker (Assistant Director), P. Padmanabha, T. K. Balakrishnan Nambiar (Regional Deputy Director, Trichur), M. Vijayan Unni (Director), K. S. Vellodi (Deputy Director), P. Bhaskaran Nair (Regional Deputy Director, Kottayam) and K. V. Ramaswami (Assistant Director). . - 'I , ) .. , Census Commissioner, india addressing the Kerala Census Directorate Staff (below) '" ~, , '\ '8,"'f',",• - , " ,~ , 23 CENSUS OFFICERS OF KERALA IN THE 1981 CENSUS Sri M. Vijayanunni Director of Census Operations, Kerala Sri RT. Pillai Joint Director Sri S. Jayashanker Assistant Director (Technical) Sri K.V. Ramaswami Assistant Director (Administration) Regional Deputy Directors of Census Operations Sri K.K. Muhammed Cannanore and Malappuram districts Sri K.S. Vellodi Kozhikode and Wynad districts Sri T.K. Balakrishnan Nambiar Trichur and Palghat districts Sri P. Gopalakrishnan Nair Ernakulam and Idukki districts Sri P. Bhaskaran Nair Kottayam and Alleppey districts Sri M. Krishnamoorthi Trivandrum and Quilon districts Principal Census Offieers (District Collectors) Cannanore district Sri M.A. Koshy Sri RP. Singh Wynad district Sri V. Vasudevan Nair Kozhikode district Sri K.M. Balakrishnan Malappuram district Sri V.K. Balakrishna Menon Palghat district Sri Prithvi Singh Sri P. Rajagopalan Trichur district Sri C.T. Sukumaran Sri V. Vijayachandran Ernakulam district Sri Philipose Thomas Idukki district Sri P.K. Sivanandan Kottayam district Sri John Mathai Alleppey district Sri P. Sreedhara Menon Sri" K. Balakrishna Kurup Quiton district Sri N.V. Madhavan Trivandrum district Sri V. Krishnamoorthy Sri V. V.Vijayan District Census Officers (Deputy Collectors - General) Cannanore district Sri K.K. Muhammed Sri M.K. Raveendranathan Sri K. Namadeva Mallya Wynad district Sri N.K. Krishnan Nambisan Kozhikode district Sri N.K. Narayana Kurup 24 Malappuram district Sri P.V. Raghava Varier Palghat district Sri A.V. Vasudevan Nair Sri O.P.R. Menon Sri K.T. Parameswaran Trichur district Sri K.S. Vellodi Sri T. Raveendran Tampi Ernaku1am district Sri M.V. Chacko Sri N. Sreedhara Panicker Idukki district Sri P . Gopalakrishnan Nair Sri K.K. Ramachandran Nair Kottayam district Sri P.R. Soman Sri K.N. Balakrishnan Nair AUeppey district Sri C. K. Janardhanan Sri K. Ramakrishnan Quilon district Sri M. Sudhakaran Trivandrum district Sri M. Krishnamoorthy Sri M.K. Bhaskaran * ". Sri U. K. Sukumaran, Office Superintendent in the Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala, Trivandrum, died in harness at the age of 57 in April 1981 immediately after the census field operat ions were over. A capable and conscientious official, he was a model to others in his unflinching devotion to duty and indefatigable industry unmindful of bis 'frail health. Very popular among his colleagues, be had endeared himself to one and all by his affable disposition, genial temperament and impecc able manners. We take this opportunity to pay our tributes to our departed colleague. 25 CALENDAR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS 1981 KERALA 1974 World Population Year-Seminars and symposiums held on 1971 census data with suggestions for 1981 census 1976 Seminar on 1981 census held at Bangalore under the auspices of the Indian Association for the Study of Population (IASP), Central Statistical Organization (CSO) and Indian Statistical Institute 1977 Symposium held at New Delhi on 1981 census 1978 January Collection of preliminary data for 1981 Census viz. Juris dictional changes since 1971 census, list of villages etc. February First Data-users' Conference at New Delhi " May Conference on Pilot Study for 1981 Census at Trivandrum " (25-26 May) .June Pilot Study conducted in Kerala in 20 rural and 10 urban " units along with Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Enumeration of Pilot Study as per the following programme: Enumeration 12th to 18th June 1978 Reference time : Sunrise of 19th June 1978 Revisional round 19th to 21st June 1978 .July Report on Pilot Study prepared " Preliminary measures for First Pre-test initiated August Tabulated results of Pilot Study sent to the Registrar General, " India Houselisting operations conducted in the units selected for First Pre-test Enumeration of First Pre-test as per the following programme: " September October Enumeration 22nd September to 5th October 1978 Reference time : Sunrise of 6th October 1978 Revisional round : 6th and 7th October 1978 Preliminary report on Fist Pre-test prepared November Detailed compilation tables on First Pre-test sent to the Registrar " General " December Second Data-Users' Conference (21st to 23rd December) 1979 March Second Pre-test - Selection of samples and preliminary work done 26 1979 April Preparation of questionnaires In Malayalam for the Second Pre-test " May Translation of instructions on Second Pre-test into Malayalam .June-July Enumeration of Second Pre-test as per the following programme: Enumeration 20th to 30th June 1979 Enumeration of house- less persons Night of 30th June 1979 Reference time Sunrise of 1st July 1979 Revisional round 1st and 2nd July 1979 Report on Second Pre-test sent to the Registrar General Director assumed charge (30th June AN) Notification on taking census as on the sunrise of I st March 1981 published in the Gazette (7th July) August First All-India Conference of Directors of Census Operations at New Delhi (24th to 29th August) Notification of various Census Officers (Principal Census Officers, District Census Officers, Sub-Divisional Census Officers, Charge Officers) by the State Government (31st August) September Circular No.1 issued by the Director to all Census Officers " on the general features and outline of plan of operations of the 1981 census (18th September) October First Conference of Census Officers at the District Head " quarters (3rd to 24th October) November Circular No. 2A/2B/2C issued by the Director on Notional " maps of villages /towns/forest divisions and lay-out sketches of desoms/karas/wards/forest ranges (23rd November) List of census towns for the 1981 census finalized December Circular No.3 issued by the Director on the preparation of " Village and Town Directory (13th December) Finalization of instruction booklet on housenumbering and houselisting operations Circular No.4 issued by the Director on housenumbering and houselisting operations (20th December) Circular No.5 issued by the Director on distribution of forms, schedules, booklets etc. and maintenance of accounts etc. (20th December) Location codes of districts, taluks, villages and desoms/karas. towns and wards, forest divisions and forest ranges finalized 27 1980 .January Second All-India Conference of Directors of Census Operations at Mysore (16th to 19th January) Second Conference (Regional Training Conference) of Census Officers to impart training on housenumbering and house listing operations at Trivandrum, Kottayam, Cochin and Calicut (25th to 30th January) Instruction booklets and forms for Housenumbering al'ld Houselisting and Economic Census issued to Charge Officers (January and February) February Publicity on houselisting operations commenced (continued " till May) March Circular No. 6 issued by the Director on defects in Training " schedules of houselisting operations (l st March) Houselisting operation commenced (1st March) April Circular No.7 issued by the Director on processing and colle~ " ction of records (10th April) Third Conference of Census Officers at Quilon, Calicut, Trichur and Cochin to review the progress of housenumbering and houselisting operations and also to discuss the preliminary work on the formation of enumerator blocks (25th to 30th April) .June Circular No.8 issued by the Director on delimitation of blocks " and circles and preparation of registers of Enumerators and Supervisors and B & C Register (16th June) Circular No. 9 issued by the Director on the preparation of Abridged Houselist and Block maps for actual enumeration (17th June) Circular No. 10 issued by the Director on the appointment of Enumerators and Supervisors (17th June) Training on PEC & CES at New Delhi (23rd to 25th June) .July Fourth Conference of Census Officers at Trivandrum, Cochin " and Calicut on the formation of Enumerator Blocks and Super visor Circles and preparation of Block & Circle Register August Zonal meeting of Directors of Census Operations at Trivandrum " (lith and 12th August) 28 1980 September Tabulation circular No.1 issued by the Director on editing of houselist schedules and selection of 20 % sample census houses (29th September) Circular letter issued by the Director exclusively for Military Census Officers and Charge Officers on actual enumeration (19th September) Zonal meeting of Directors of Census Operations at Panaji, Goa (25th and 26th September) Circular No.lt issued by the Director on the training of enumeration personnel for the census enumeration (30th September) Instructions issued to Charge Officers for the drawal and disbursement of honorarium to the houselisting personnel Odober Training Conference of District Census Officers held by the " Director at Trivandrum on actual enumeration (5th October) Collectors' Conference at Trivandrum on census enumeration inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Kerala under the Presi dentship of the Revenue Minister (6th October) Fifth Conference of Census Officers at district headquarters to impart training for actual census and review progress of preparatory measures (7th to 17th October) Sixth Conference of Census Officers at district headquarters, as follow-up training conference for scrutinizing the filled-in training schedules (9th to 25th October) First round of training classes for Supervisors by Charge Officers November Third All-India Conference of Directors of Census Operations " at New Delhi (l5th to 18th November) 1981 Census Questionnaire notified (Gazette dated 18th November) Letter issued to the Director of Ports on the arrangements for enumeration in ships and vessels First round of combined training class for Supervisors and Enumerators by Charge Officers. 29 1980 December Circular letter No.12 issued by the Director on distribution of forms for enumeration (12th December) Circular letter No. 12A issued by the Director on further instructions on the distribution of forms Second round of combined training class for Supervisors and Enumerators by Charge Officers Regional Conference on PEC & CES at Madras (29th to 31st December) List of 20 % sample blocks selected for actual census commu nicated to Charge Officers Distribution of schedules and forms for actual enumeration to Charge Officers 1981 January Circular issued by the Director on enumeration of sea and ocean going vessels, boats etc. (8th' January) Distribution of publicity materials like slides and documentary film on Census all over the State. Circular No. 13 issued by the Director on collection of records from the enumeration personnel and handing them over to the Regional Tabulation Offices (15th January) Circular No. 14 issued by the Director on relay of Provisional Population Totals (15th January) Arrangements made for the enumeration of inmates of jails, police lock-ups etc. . Final round of training for enumeration personnel commenced (completed before 9th February) Tabulation circular No. 2 issued by the Director on coding of houselists (27th January) Seventh Conference of Census Officers at Calicut, Malappuram, Cochin, Trivandrum (31st January to 3rd February) February Publicity on census over All India Radio commenced (conti nued till 5th March) Distribution of schedules completed (9th February) Actual Enumeration as per the following programme: Period of enumeration 10th to 28th February Enumeration of houseless persons Night of 28th February Reference time Sunrise of 1st March 1981 Revisional round 1st to 5th March 1981 30 1981 March Relay of Provisional Population Totals from Charge Officers to the District Census Officers (First 5 p.m. on 2nd March ~ last 10.15 a.m. on 8th March) Relay of Provisional Population Totals from District Census Officers to the Director of Census Operations (First 11 p.m. on 6th March; last 10.20 a.m. on 8th March) Relay of State Totals to the Registrar General, India over Telephone (10.30 a.m. on 8th March 1981) Field work on PEC/CES commenced (18th March) Paper 1 of 1981 - Provisional Population Totals released (l9th March) Tabulation circular No. 3 issued by the Director on Compi lation of Primary Census Abstract (2~th March) Drawal and disbursement of honorarium to Enumerators and Supervisors engaged in actual census enumeration April Training of tabulation staff on compilation of Primary Census " Abstracts May Fourth All-India Conference of Directors of Census Opera " tions at Nainital (28th to 30th May) .June PEe & CES coded schedules sent to the R.G. " .July Tabulation Circular No.4 issued by the Director on compI " lation of SC/ST PCA (9th July) Tabulation Circular No.5 issued by the Director on Post PCA editing and coding of Individual Slips (24th July) August Regional Conference of Directors at Shillong (1st to 3rd August) September Regional Conference of Directors at Kanyakurnari (10th " September) Regional Conference on coding at Hyderabad (315t August to 18th September) October Appreciation Course for Directors of Census Operations on Electronic Data Processing at New Delhi (12th to 14th October) November Regional Conference of Directors at Jaipur (l2th and 13th " November) December Award of Census Medals announced " Disbursement of honorarium to District Census Officers, Charge Officers and Deputy Charge Officers 1982 February Completion of Tabulation work 1983-84 Completion of coding work 31 1981 CENSUS PUBLICATION PROGRAMME 1981 Paper 1 of 1981 Provisional Population Totals 1982 Paper 2 of 1981 Rural-urban composition (Supplement to Paper I) Workers and non-workers Disabled persons Paper 3 of 1981 Final Population Totals Paper 4 of 1981 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Population Part II-A General Population Tables Part VII Tables on houses and disabled population (H-Series Tables H-l and H-2) 1983 Part XIII-A & B District Census Handbook ! for all (Village and Town Directory (·12 and Primary Census Abstract) .i districts 1983 Part X-A State Town Directory Part XII-A Administrative Atlas 1984 Part III-A General Economic Tables (B-Series Tables B-1 to B-I0) Part IV-A Social and Cultural Tables (C-Series Tables C-l to C-6) Part V-A Migration Tables (D-Series Tables D-l to 0-4) Part VI-A '. Fertility Tables (F-Series Tables F-l to F-19) 1985 Part III-B General Economic Tables (B-Series Tables B-Il to B-22) Part IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC-Series SC-l to SC-6 and ST-Series ST-l to ST-9) Part IV-B Social and Cultural Tables (C-Series C-7 to C-9) 1986 Part V-B Migration Tables (D-Series Tables D-5 to 0-12) Part VI-B Fertility Tables (F-Series Tables F-20 to F-28) 1987 Part IV-C Household Composition Table (C-IO) Part VIII-A Household Tables (HH-Series Tables HH-l to HH-16) Part VIII-B Household Tables (HH-Series Tables HH-17 ST) Part XII Census Atlas ] n[n ~0)PJ 6l('1.)cfD(Yucrv')5}r0(') r1)2./g(l'('r~)';,;1("Q J!l))l OJ"lSbdh'V,)rrh,v CDrruols6cih!l)J60 (")~/lS6(9, ;:;>2.,6.,,> ClJj1cfh ((J)q:JfYJOdn)6a7:>X'\~" @-'=l,JCliJ60D VLlQjr"Ormmm0 G:cfu(()~rmmlC1J?J 1980 C!Jo?Je,du 1--3" v ('J)"l ~)',un rC!TJj():,@')dj61b&h:-Q):)6Yn , ~:Q" iJLJOj("J('JRl)m!7fll))lrW -'.@I?;..jO O,J"lS,!/±h\:: '(\7-:;'6" mOlJol S.sMCQ':' 0 CLi§lrtCl ' ~T<:gp()f..he6\jw)6~ @-::u''¥.16nnr(:i16 c':h,b5(6)® 63mb cnJ::JCTlJ(()TOl'ldh @cnxivctucn/]r::r') d:h,bsl ,-;),~ !'::\;J12/"1)'Cl,lGn, l. @.CY!lm;)xu! 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(l)(l)cg~l wOoo) fU(\) b (S'dh~ coo~(T\)mu rm6)(l3o lo....J~db~lroit 63mb m1wU .!1Jl u u 1875-6)8..1 OUCT\) U (l\) ~&:Iro 6)6)o..J(T\)ro£Dom b6)50 01 cR::l 0«>§1 em, m1 emb2!8!o m6) an06lcB6)W06)6Yl)f!b1 E...Ib 0 6)(T\)croOUCT\) U Lo....JC1JroCOlO) m6lfB'Ooc66) U ctm 6Tl..J (6)~s bCOTOl bdhOOJ b0 (TU U LD aJ6)roYO) l oJCIl b6l..J ClJ.\dh U eml db~b 6)S CTUn.OOOOJQroYO)06)S 'I!ilm6ID3~b 6)S 1!:0000W&hdhCo 13 ~ m"l dhm 1 c66) bdh 6m3 Co em d o.....J" rm1 ce,mm:l u ~'!) ~13.\dho8.Jom6I!:ru6lJl3Co ~emu dh'!lcm6dhmb6TT)roro-rm~p-n CTU mm6ll'>c£bCo mOlemm06ll)u. moo ~u 6Tl..Jn.06a~n>o mbQ(ll)o§bruemb dh'916TUTmb. 6lCTUcIDCTU(Y\)161m,o @B"a(3Ul)Q (TUodh'tlmcmCPJl eJb 0 n.....J l emruoOOJmoon eJb 0 lIlb em1 C1JiI ml C1JiIc66l bem ac£b(l)~cmml am 6)Cl\.)cID(Y\)CTU " n{j)m ~~ mao g cOCil oro b6)S amoe...tl (8lI)em61roTO'l am> coJcWtIl.g.,j" ~cm" dh ~ S bcmC1Jil (TU bc£hmrub 0 CTUb ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS Indian Express press conference appeared on 8-2-8 I The Indian Express (Cochin edition) under the caption "Enumeration from gave excellent coverage and publicity Monday" and the commencement of to the 1981 Census operations in the operation on 9-2-81 at the national Kerala right from the Houselisting level marked by the enumeration of phase which was commenced in March the first citizen of India the President 1980. A short item under the caption by the Census Commissioner, India, "Houselisting for Census" carried on was flashed under the headline "Census 23-2-80 was followed by a two-column begins" on 10-2-81. A double feature on 29-2-80 headlined "Census column news item Hstrike may hit Operations get under way on March census work" (10-2-81) gave some 1" covering the press conference held gratuitous publicity to the census on 28-2-80 by the Director of Census based on the abortive strike of teachers Operations, Kerala and giving many and NGOs threatened from 17-2-81 details. Another brief item titled in the midst of the enumeration, "Census machinery swings into action" though the strike never materialised. appeared on 3-3-80 as a follow-up. 2. A critical article by J .B. Kripalani Interesting extracts from old census on the centre page entitled "Need to reports appeared as a news item under revamp the census", four humorous the caption "Those were the days .... " articles on census (reproduced later in the Focus on Kerala page on 10-4-80. in this volume) and six letters to the Later, the Collectors' Conference held editor were also published during this on October 6, 1980 to discuss the period. preparations for the enumeration phase also received coverage under the cap 3 _ The release of the provisional tion "CM lays stress on Census" on all-India results of the census received 7-10-80. After the dawn of the front page billing on 19-3-81 and the Census year 1981, news items on announcement of the figures in the census began appearing regularly keep Rajya Sabha and the press conference ing it continually in the public mind of the Census Commissioner, India '''Population count-81 from March 1" were flashed as a box item under the (16-1--81), "No identification of forei headline "'We are 68 crore" along with gners in 81 Census" (18-1-81), "Census another news item "State still tops in -81 with new features" (23-1-81), literacy" referring to Kerala together "Census to project unemployment" occupying 40 column centimetres on (28-1-81). The advertisement on the the front page. A bar chart appeared Census of India issued by DAVP on 21-3-81 showing the population appeared on 27-1-81. The Director's of India from 1901 to 1981. 37 4. The state-level results announced Houselisting operations under the by the State Census Director at a headline "Census work from March 1" press conference on 21-3-81 also rece (29-2-80) and a speciai boxed feature ived excellent and elaborate coverage on ancient Ce!lSUSeS "19th Century on two consecutive days 22-3-81 and People's fears abuut Census" (12-4-80) 23-3-81 under eight heads including in the Ker:lla page. The Diredor's three box items containing tables occu press conference on the eve e,f the pying a total space of 154 column en umcration operation \VUS Cd ,', ied as centimetres. Another news item on a double-column ~tury captioned the state census figures about the relationship between literacy and popu .. 50,000 leacbers for C(;llS us \\ ork" lation growth appeared on 26-4-81. (8-2-81) and anurber i [elil <.cppearcd The congratulatory message from the on "EnUmerah)( fOf fi,th time" on Census Commissioner, India to the the same day. Two short {.it.~spatches Kerala Census Director appeared on appeared from Cail(.;ut ctbouf the COnl 31-3-81 under the headline "Pat for mencernent of enumeration 0!1 6- 2--81 Director of Cens us" . and 10-2--81 and another jleViS item appeared on 9-3-81 about KOihlkodc 5. The census results of a number district being the iirst to rday the of other states also received coverage in the Indian Express - Tamil Nadu totals. Other ikms \vhich appeared and Karnataka (24-3-81), West Bengal during the relevant period 'were a (25-3-81), Lakshadweep (26-3-81) and letter to the Editor (14-2-81) and Maharashtra (4-4-81). news items on the linguistic contro versy in census work in Belgaum 6. Five editorials appeared in the (14-2-81 and 16-2--81) and the formi Indian Express on Census and related dable task of counting the 20 lakh topics-one on the significance of the pilgrims visiting Sravanabelagola for census "More than a head count" (12-2-81), one on the provisional the Mahamasthahhabhisheka on results '"standing room only" (20-3-81), 22--2--81 (16-2-81). two on related topics family planning 8. An article entitled "The first and sex ratio viz "'A welcome inno Census report reveals how life was in vation" (7-4-81) and "Women to 1875" was carried in the Friday feature Men" (12-4-81) besides one in a on Kerala on 14--2-81. Other articles lighter vein "Beggars all" (9-2-81). to appear on the Census proper and Besides, two cartoons by Abu (Private allied subjects like population growth View) on the census theme were carried were "The National Stock·Taking'· during the period (Cartoons repro (3-2--81 --- Centre page), "Census duced in an earlier page). Sparks new fissures" a report on Karnataka ( 15-2-81 Sunday - "The The Hindu Nation" column), ., A possible 700 7. The Hindu (Madurai edition) millions" (24--2-81 --- Open page), provided useful coverage to the census "Census can be Senses Testing (1-3-81 starting with the news item on the -the census reference date). 38 9. The provisional results were 10. The state level results were carried on the front page top (19-3-81) carried in a double-column story under under a four column headline "Popu the caption "Growth rate of popula lation has doubled since independence" tion falls" in the Kerala page on and a table of state-wise figures on an 22-3-81 and the whole feature covered inside page both together covering a a space of 45 column ems. A box news space of 100 column ems. Subse item "More literacy, lesser popula quently two articles were carried tion" on Kerala was carried on 26-4-81. containing detailed analyses of the Two editorials were carried one on results "The figures and the facts" the eve of the commencement of (100 column ems.) 'on 22-3-81 Sunday enumeration on 7-2-81 "The real Page 2 and "A peep into census data purpose of the Census" and the other Is growth rate stabilising?" (180 on the release of the results on 23-3-81 column ems.) on 26-3-81 centre page. "Not just mouths to feed". ~AYALAMNEWSPAPERS 1 . cdh(()~(!ffiJ)l6)ru C£Ilrtron.J06l'lmJ) £Il ~ ernb dhamnlrtro adho~n.OonOcrul6)d3o 63mb CnLlOIl§O (~mb6\J iIle.JOOJO~ <31 m~ l rm6l5'B§I~ 6)ffi)OO CT\)n..Ol ml 0 lIlo 01> 1l~~1 a:rn COl61ern Il<&"(l)~ 1Il:l6Tl)" ml(6)\9 6)dhOSbc&6lb('Jl)ml". sb~b m"l§lw OJ oro 1l!!lt>e.J(6)w (l\) 06'(l_J m U WI.gd U ('f\) 0 CT\)" LOom 4. 6)CT\)cmoum.>" mlbS6Ol3c!rmml16)\I30 £Ilb 6)CT\)nOm.>m.>" (u)OOJOdh "sro mscmml W n..J l (O)OU u aonoslwoCQJ1 £IlormG@~lIllw1~ 15-1-81m llillll@mcmml6)ci3o OJ') QJ(06l1J300 29-2-BO-m u , • dhoaml'rt1b£Iloml (lJ)bS6U13ocman" £IlOro.gJ" 1 mO Cdh(1)~tfb'!JCIl.bBl In..JOlIlb6U~o @,a,os~/Olmu (T\) Qam J oB(Q)cmml am' • o.mcm mle.J61c96l§l am 6}m ¢ @emoo a<"'l....l~lam(ll)6lrm mae.Jbcca,o§o OJ:lmnmn u mOe.Jblldho~o OJoroamnw bo, 8-2-81m (Q)oooJ1 "6)(lUnOr:nxluu (.n..JO(1)o~ 1l~:le.Jl cmos ,. c£hoam~6£Ilom1 ,a,6Tn6)cSG)s b2:l 6ll'illl6nJb 6mb em 6 " C'l{J)m> eme.J6)<66) §1 a:ro (,rwcrul B" ill"! OJ(Ol 9mU mlbS6l1J3b dh~§l00J dhe.Jdh "sro£Ilo(Ob61S crulltDll§(6)cmm <&6Ib<)" o.ij)rrn a(l.... l(~lmn 63(\)0 £Il~(Tnb C::l§o ~g1 £Il~cmb Ildho§6m3~l e..Jb~~ (lJomcmm ruororormwbo 10-2-81m u 6lcyum,(l\)CYUl6)nOo • '6l U 6l~ (ILIrm1mlw"lcfhm1c66lbClT) an.Ooa§ocfh~bo nij)ClT) 631'00 ClE?..J6'l..Imrubo (n..Jffi)1 B w"lc£brol.g.,jb' Cl.a..Jtbamn 2> 6)dh06Tli:2>~~ 63(l) 2> C6flJ:> c&.. Ucru U ru:>tb 23-2-81m2>0 8-3-81mbo m6Tli:b 6).a. .101W u Cl~oeJ1w6blS 6306TT)Clo01wo ru1 rmro6YT) ° Oldho~~l e.Jow1 "Od3>ro~o: ~mm m1 mcB6) U 6l.a.JC¥l0 rrnrml6lm::tj gl rm1 mb rummnlLl~ m0 (O")()\9 0 CB'fl)cfhanm 0 , • 6lCTUOO ClJl (J'1uocru6lJl3 Co " ntj)an (u)6l1.J1'Oo ClcfhOg} ° n{j)("(T) (lJoroamnwbo, 9-3-81m O @cml61CYl Ol6l1.JO.f),u(l\)u QJorOOmnwbo, 9-2-81m" !Ilbm ffi) o6n.Jm u wl.gd" c£b'!l6T0(1'\)1 m1> E»On..O UOUWcTGol Cln..J ~1 ro7l 1941 IIlb cmro7l c66lb § ~ (Sl1)6TI!l.lb 61 m)('lO rill1 cfh V ~cro() u ~('lOom.> V L51 warn 01 (1'\)m.gd U crut:rul eJ b t) n{j)ffi ~!Il ao g oow1 l n.Jrumamn1.g,d 6ldh050roTOl n..Jro (n...JOGSwl 6)CT\)rronuCT\) U (BY() ("lJO m(U) 0dhOo ~crn ("lJ :>r'Ocmm U , 'ca.6fl) d36lb 0 dhOfl) 0OJ 6 ° " n.tj)ffi) w"l cfu 21-1-1981 8.30 p.ni. 15minutes. Interview with Sri K.K. Mohammed, Regional Deputy Director of Census, Calicut 4--2-1981 8.30 p.m. 15 " Interview with Sri M. Vijayan Unni Nambiar, Director of Census, Kerala 7-2-1981 7.45 p.m. 5 " Kinchanavarthamanam 8-2-1981 6.06 p.m. 5 SAMEEKSHA (Topic for the day) 9-2-ESl 10.30 p.m. 13 Radio report on inaugural functions at Kozhikode and Malappuram 9-2-1981 7.35 p.m. 9 Talk by Sri K. M. Balakrishnan, District " Collector, Kozhikode 10-2-1981 7.35 p,m. 10 Dialogue on Census in Vazhivilakku 8.30 p.m. 15 Ottamthullal on the theme of census " 8.30 p.m. 15 Interview with Sri Vijayan Unni Nambiar, 11-2--1981 " Director of Census, Kerala 12-2-1981 6.45 p.m. Interview with Sri M. Padmanabhan Nambiar, Tahsildar and Charge Officer, Census, Calicut 12-2-1981 5.15 p.m. Dialogue on Census in Lakshadweep Programme 12-2-1981 8.00 p.m. Dialogue on Census in Youth Programme 13-2--1981 7.50 a.m. 9 Unnatbiyilekku-Feature " 13-2-1981 5.40 p.m. 'Census' in Lakshadweep Programme in Mahal 13-2--1981 7.35 p.m. 10 Interview with an Enumerator " (Sri Kunhammad Kutty) 13-2-1981 8.30 p.m. 15 Talk by the State Minister Sri A.C. Shanmukhadas 14--2-1981 6.25 p.m. 15 Interview with Sri P.V. Raghava Warrier, " A.D.M. & District Census Officer, Malappuram 14-2-l981 7.45 p.m. 5 Kinchanavarthamanam " 14-2-1981 8.35 p.m. Discussion on Census participants: Sri Moorkothu Kunhappa, Sri Theruvath Raman, Sri N. K. Krishnan Nambisan and Sri Vellodi 14-2-1981 7.45 p.m. Dialogue on Census 15-2-1981 6.05 p.m. Sameeksha on Census 15--2-1981 6.45 p.m. Interview with Enumerator in Kozhikode taluk 15-2--1981 8.30 p.m. Talk by Sri C.J. Robin, Calicut City Mayor 42 16-2-1981 6.25 p.m. 8 minutes Talk by the District Collector, Wynad Sri V.Vasudevan Nair on Census Operation 16-2-1981 7.05 p.m. Talk on Census in Vazhivilakku by Sri K. Narayana Kurup 17-2-1981 8.00 p.m. 4 Dialogue on Census in Women's Programme " 17-2-1981 6.45 p.m. 11 " Interview with Sri S. Jayashanker on Census in Radio Gramarangam (Relay) 18-2-1981 9.15 p.m-. Talk (in English) by Rev. Fr. Marxwel Norona, Calicut Bishop 18-2-1981 6.45 p.m. 10 " Talk by Sri V.K. Balakrishna Menon, District Collector, Malappuram 19-2-1981 5.15 p.m. 5 Dialogue on Census in Islanders' Programme " 20-2-1981 6.35 p.m. 9 Interview with an enumerator Sri V.F. Thomas " (Experience since 1951) 21-2-1981 7.45 p.m. 5 Kinchanavartbamanam " 22-2-1981 8.00 p.m. Talk by Sri Jayakumar, Sub Collector, Calicut 26-2-1981 5.15 p.m. Dialogue on Census in Islanders' Programme 26-2-1981 6.45 p.m. Poem on Census in Farm and Home Programme 28-2-1981 12.40 p.m. Vanchipattu on Census in Farm & Home Programme Slogans on census broadcast from 21-1-1981 twice a day and four times a day from 1-2-1981. Three announcements sent by the Director of Census broadcast from 21-2-1981 to 25-2-1981, from 25-2-1981 to 1-3-1981 and from 1-3-1981 to 5-3-1981. PROGRAMMES ON CENSUS BROADCAST OVER THE TRICHUR STATION OF ALL INDIA RADIO 1-2-1981 8.30 p.m. Talk by Sri V. VUayachandran, District Collector, Trichur 2-2-1981 12.40 p.m.& Talk by Sri C. Achutha Menon, Ex-Chief 8.30 p.m. Minister 3-2-1981 8.30 p.m. Talk by Rev. Dr. Joseph Kundukulam, Bishop of Trichur 4-2-1981 6.50 p.m. Talk by Sri T. K. Balakrishnan Nambiar, Regional Deputy Director of Census Operations, Trichur 5-2-1981 10.30 p.m. Talk by Sri A. Joseph Erijeri, Deputy Director of Education 43 6-2-1981 9.15 p.m. Talk by Sri M. Vijayan Dnni Nambiar, lAS Director of Census Operations (Relay) 8-2-1981 8.00 p.m. Kandathum Kettathum (Relay) 9-2-1981 8.30 p.m. Talk by Sri T. Ravindran Thampi, District Census Officer, Trichur 10-2-1981 7.45 p.m. Radio Report of Trichur. Inaugural function 7.20 a.m. Talk by Sri Vailoppilly Sreedhara Menon 11-2-1981 12.40 p.m. Talk by Sri D.P.R. Menon, Superintendent of Police, Trichur 12--2-1981 5.30 p.m. Thozhilalimandalam (Relay) 13-2-1981 8.30 p.m. Talk by Sri K. Kochukuttan, Ex-Minister 14--2-1981 12.40 p.m. Talk by Sri M.P. Joseph lAS, Sub-Divisional Census Officer, Trichur 15-2-1981 4.30 p.m. Vanitharangam (Relay) 8.30 p.m. Census 1981 Talk by Sri P.S. Sreenivasan 16-2-1981 7.20 a.m. Talk by Sri C.M. George, President, Chamber of Commerce, Trichur 17-2-1981 6.55 p.m. Gramarangam (Relay) 22-2-1981 7.10 p.m. Talk of Sri Jayendran, Charge Officer, Chavakkad tal uk 25-2-1981 12.40 p.m. Interview with an Enumerator PROGRAMMES ON CENSUS BROADCAST OVER THE TRIVANDRUM STATION OF ALL INDIA RADIO 29-2-1980 6.25 p.m. Talk in Malayalam by Sri M. Vijayan Unni Nambiar, Director of Census Operations, Kerala on Houselisting 1980 6-2-1981 9.15 p.m. Talk in Malayalam by Sri M. Vijayan Unni Nambiar, Director of Census Operations on Census Enumeration 1981 7-2-1981 6.50 p.m. YUY Vani - Discussion by youths concerning the importance of Census Operations 8-2-1981 8.00 p.m. The theme of Kandathum Kettathum will be on the importance and significance of Census Operations 44 9-2-1981 7.35 a.m. News & Views (An item \\,111 be included) 11-2-1981 7.35 a.m. Deeptbi - Dialogue on Cem,us with Sri K. Gopinathan, Investigator t 1-2--1981 7.35 p.m. Census 1981 - Feature - Yuv Vani Programme 12-2-1981 5.45 p.m. Thozhilalimandalam - Interview on Census with Sri B.T. Pillai, Deputy Director 15-2-1981 4.30 p.m. Vanitharangam - Interview with a Lady Enumerator 17-2-1981 6.55 p.m. Gramarangam - Interview on Census with Sri S. Jayashanker, Assistant Director 25-2-1981 7.35 p.m. Yuv Vani - Ottamthullal on Census instructions Spot Announcements were also broadcast perio dically on a number of days, Advertisement spots were also broadcast every day over the Vividh Bharathi station, Trivandrum. 45 THE CENSUS AND I ,,--by Sun ita Shastry The on-going national "Two sons" "All right, then, what census takes me back to "Which State do they was his father's language, the last census, my very belong to?" i.e. your father-in-law?" first census, and like a "You see, his father first Jove, rather memo ""No particular State, was a third generation, rable. I sort of had them where KeraliteofMaharashtrian ver we ·were." Seeing the It was a hot day and I origin, so would you say faint look of horror I was feeling a bit bored my husband's language is hastened to explain, "You when there was a knock Marathi or Malayalam T' see, my husband is in the on the door. I opened it He looked confused Army, so our children to find a rather pale, are born wherever we and so went on to another harassed looking young track! "What was your are, I mean in the hospi man at the door. "1 am mother-in-law's langu tal of our place of post the census taker for this ing." age'?" I couldn't see how area, madam, and I wish that would establish my to ask you for some in "But they must belong sons' father-tongue, but fonnation regarding your to a State, I have to write if the information would family." 1 love to talk it down." cheer him up, I must tell about my family and of "Can't you put them him "She was Welsh, course myself, but don't down as just Indian No? so I suppose that makes find many listeners, and Well, One was born in her language Welsh too." here was a god/govt-sent. Madhya Pradesh, and I expected a smile of re "My first question is, One in Uttar Pradesh." lief on his face, but his Inadam ...... '" frown only deepened. Yes, yes, both sons are "But I can't put that HOh! Piease don't call of one marriage. down", he almost cried. me that. to me it means "Please tell me their a~ \vornan whf] belongs "I can't help who my to an esw bJishment of mother-tongue. " father-jn~law married, be sides she was a w{.lnderful rather unpopular reputa "Well my father used uon. to speak Punjabi .... ,. Jady, and so beamiful and :she dn.~ssed Sf) ...... "Do you mean the lady ",~o. no, not your Ian·· "E."'cu'Se me. but this I'. h~) \,\ork s a i the incnnw gu<; mother fc'ngue do.;;en"t help our language r 1 •. .. me~lflS ,!"t.ler <; ;8rH~H "Yes, yes I know", with "I must ask you nOl help me." This appeal a slight shudder, "but in to keep interrupting me, went straight to my heart, what language did he young man, or the facts so I asked him what speak to your husband." will not be written down, language had he put down "Oh, he spoke in Eng and the nation will never for my neighbours and lish to my husband", said know about my family." he said Hindi. I brightly, glad that there Saying this I felt better "So there's your solu was no confusion here. thinking I had squashed tion, put us down for him effectively. But Hindi too", I said feeling But why English? he census takers are made asked, "Why not Mala rather pleased with my of sterner stuff. "But yalam or Marathi?" self. please madam, or Mrs. "Because I told you, my S ...... What language (Reproduced from the mother-in-law wasWelsh" shall I put down for your Indian Express daily dated "Yes, yes, I remember." husband and sons, please 14-2-1981) DAY OF THE CENSUS -by Modhumita Mojumdar I had just settled down anybody not sporting a ·'Caste" with a detective story typical Muslim or Chri "None", and that too after lunch on a Sunday stian name should be creates a problem. afternoon when there is anything but a member a knock on the door and of the vast Hindu fold. A couple of quest in tumbles a young man I toy with the idea of ions later comes the one with a shoulderbag full asserting my atheism; but on the "language usually of forms and files. since the question-answer spoken at home", and "I am teacher, Census" session is progressing in another helpful sugge is the cryptic announce Hindi, and I cannot stion: ment in English. I greet readily remember the "ShaH I put down him as a long lost brother term for it m that Hindi'?" since I had almost given language. I fumble. It up hope of the census is then that I remember "No, BangIa" authorities remembering my missionary forebears "Oh r Bangia 1" me. and articulate clearly; "Yes", Iamfirm again. After name etc. comes Brahmo Samaj. the inevitable question: "What is that? Brahm We progress to my HWhat religion 1" Kumari?" . place of birth. The young man help "No", shudder on be "Allahabad, UP", I say fully offers to put down half of my straight-laced resist adding the stan Hindu, for it is inconcei ancestors, and spell it dard quip "like all great vable in secular India that out in Hindi. men and women". 47 A smile dawns on the "Neither", say I and ex I feel like a cheat, for young teacher's face. He plain that I ama divorcee. though I belong to UP, is always happy to meet "Yane vidhavahT' I don't deserve this sym a fellow UP-ite. He is, pathy. Sympathy, if any, he says, from Mathura, "No, not a widow", should go to the other and a Jat by caste. He though I wish I were, if half of the marriage, such teaches in the municipal only to simplify things as it was. But dare I school nearby and is for the Census Commis admit it? thoroughly disil1usioned sion, I search desperately with this work which for a word and mutter Sympathy should also gives him only ten off something about 'talaq'. go to this young teacher days and hundred rupees Wisdom dawns, tem who has been pitchforked -for which he has been pered with sympathy. But into a situation he cannot trudging up and down what may be the Hindi fathom. I don't under stand why the Census the streets for days and word? I formulate a has as yet been able to long sentence with the Commission doesn't cover only half the houses words 'vivah vichhed' allow its enumerators to allotted to him. prominent in it. But he let householders fill up the various forms, espe "But you said you decides to put this un savoury thing down in cially when they are speak BangIa, UP people obviously not illiterate. don't speak BangIa." the English he abhors, and asks me to spell out Indeed, I had offered to "Our family does", is the word. do so at the outset, but the only reply I can think was told firmly that that Such things (he obli of, though it doesn't con was not to be. quely referes to my vince him quite. broken marriage) should The questions prog not happen to a sister, (Reproduced from the ress. "Married or un especially if she comes Indian Express daily married ?" from UP. dated 3-3-81) THE QUESTIONNAIRE -By Gita Surendran The doorbell rang. I "Your name, sorry, "'Two, daughter, eight took a precautionary husband's name, occu and son, four" peep through the window. pation, age and religion." "Married '?" There stood a dimunitive I told him. man, brief-case in hand. "I beg your pardon?" "Your age, madam'?" Seeing me, he introduced I told him. '"Is your daughter himself one word 'census'. married madam ?" He "You are employed?" asked impatiently . . , AU right" [ said~ "What do you want to "No", I said. "How can an eight- know?" '~Children ?" year-old ...... " 48 .... Madam, in India III the appropriate "No, no three are there are child marriages column. enough." too." "'Madam", he contin "And daughter?" "No, my daughter is ued, "your dog". .. Malayalam, English, eight and still single." "You want the parti Hindi." "And son, literate or culars?" "Son?" illiterate?" "No, no - your dog is "Malayalam, English, "Well, he goes to the smelling my shoes." Hindi." nursery and has just "'Your son is four years reached the BAT, CAT "Oh, she loves that, old, and he speaks three stage. " shoes, [ mean, but she Madam, your dog." "Literate or illiterate, won't bite." I assured "Yes?" madam?" him. "The dog is sleeping on "I told you he is four "Madam, what is your my shoes." and goes to nursery husband's mother-ton school." gue?" "I am sorry", I said and shooed away the dog. "Madam, is your son "Malayalam" a student?" "That is all, Madam, "Number of languages thank you." "Well, yes." husband speaks?" "Than k you, M f ...er. 1" "If you give him a "Malayalam, English . 'Census" . He said and book, can he read?" and Hindi." departed. "Why no. He can't." "And you, madam?" (Reproduced from the "Then he is illiterate" "Malayalam, English, Indian Express daily he said and made dabs Hindi, Tamil ...... " dated 23-3-81) THE OTHER CENSUS -By Nithin Pelle A CENSUS of the jeep): Your name and Tiger : This is not the tiger population shows a age please? marnage season. 60 per cent increase since Tiger Rajah, aged 12 It comes after 1973. For those of you two months. I'll who would like to know C.M. Sex? be married for how this exercise was Tiger Male. a few weeks carried out, here is a C.M. Married? then. sample I managed to get from the wildlife office. Tiger Not at present. C.M. You are divor Census Man (with a C.M. What do you ced then? long form and pencil in mean not at hand, from inside a caged present? Tiger No. 49 C.M. You are a profe Tiger You better ask Tiger : (baring his teeth) : ssional bigamist the Park Con Write as you then? servator or the please, but do Tiger I do not know concerned au not come out of what thatmeans; thorities; they the jeep. I am a virile, keep the count, not I. C.M. What IS your professiona 1 religion? tiger. C.M. Occupation? C.M. How long have Tiger Beg your par Tiger Maneater you been out of don? C.M. What? wedlock? C.M. Your occupa Tiger Maneater Tiger Let me see .... tion. What do must be the last you do for a C.M. There is no such full moon night living, other religion In my when I left that than marry and form. ferocious tigress. make cubs? I can't help it. Yes, that's it. Tiger (annoyed) :Other Tiger than that I act C.M. What IS your C. M. Tears his hair in tamashas. and leaves the caste? C.M. What tamashas ? marriage colu Tiger 1 don't have a mn blank. Tiger When visiting caste. Then, how dignitaries come many children, to the park, I C.M. Do you belong please? am told to en to any Schedu tertain them by led Caste or Tiger [don't keep roaring and Tribe? count. jumping at a Tiger belong to goat tied to a C.M. But surely you endangered must remember pole. I have species. the number of also to pose for children you pictures. have had since I C.M. (with a grin): (Reproduced from the last met you m Shall I write Indian Express daily 1973? paper tiger? dated 13-4-81) 50 en> U £m',,61 mo~:::p.!. CllQl)('f\) U (1l) 11i)t'1f)() "~CO.J«JIII) 1rm ....0 I')_JOaJ.i ~"IZl:> 1 1ll~~ ••CIl1, 6l:'UWffi..l6OJ(!)1 27, 1981 ~O!f&(O cro"lttn'cfbt:>o ClJ • ' ...... The 1940 U. S. Census turned up a vast number of people who suddenly became 65, the age of eligibility for benefits under the Social Security Act just passed. Women's ages heaped at 29.' few wanted to be 30. * The census-taker knocked on Miss Matilda's door. She answered all his questions, until he asked her age. That she refused to tell. "But they all tell their age to the census-taker", he said. -'Do you mean", Matilda enquired, "that Misses Grace and Irene Hill down at the corner told their ages?" "Yes indeed." "Well," snapped Miss Matilda. "I'm the same age." On the report the census-taker wrote: One more who is as old {IS the Hills. THEN ...... AND NOW According to the Report of the first Census held ill Travancore In 1875~ ·"no provision was made to find out the former castes of Native converts to Christianity. This item of important statistical value was omitted Ofl the special 51 request of the Christian Missionaries who represented that in accordance with our principles which exclude all caste distinctions in the Christian Religion our converts assume that it will be sufficient for them to designate themselves in Form No. V Column 5 as Protestant Christians." The report further observes that "the feeling against the requisition of the entry is certainly very strong". The Dewan of Travaocore stated that Hthe Census agency has been directed oot to insist upon Native Christian converts to furnish information with regard to their castes. It is far from my wish to make the entry under the caste column compulsory if it is so painful to such a large class of our population." After a hundred years during the current census the demand was exactly the opposite. The Christian converts from Scheduled Castes not only did not oppose the entry of their caste but vehemently agitated for caste-wise enumeration claiming that they are harijan Christians just like there are harijan Hindus. 52 6lcruciOcrucru u 198 1 20-1-1981 a.o.JmCUTll'leJ "{j)610'0'l1lb 1 eJ'; 0 CIDOm';@()_J61i:l:Js.; CTnn.J dM:f 0 rnm IIlll rom.J ° IIJ'; g.; on @'!I .&OJl em 63m.; aSOffi}1 <96Il61mJO m.J~ow ° ~61on In....Ji3orno 6)nJ'¥J';o. iln'lm.g.dWOClV¢° Qln....JOn:num.JO~mOm~tl106TDu @~ @i3~tllo ~rrno61ffi}61dO() rulm'ln:ntlloCIlJ [email protected].. (!ffl)6lJT3ClVb61S m.JIIlQmJo.a.JlrmlIlomJ n:n'lm::tjlmoCIlJl In....Jm.Jurmbn:n .&rul!lll mJtllro::tjl.g.db 6l ~i3ron....J~mC)Jo , n....Jl.~m. ~$l.&dn11u6Tnn....Jl@§, C'O'lOCT\:;,"rtroi3oro, IJ.a.JroctrnllE!..l. 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B n{j)CTn b§@tm1e.JOdhOIIl Q)om;61lIlo(Qool am dh~s6rmruocwl 6).Q..J(QJ U (01 l o...J(lJ d ((ffi))1 OJ d UJ :)(lJ 0 m/l 56 () rmsrulamd'h'§>lwb o dhb gcOO:)(Qb 0 Mol n...... l U em1 tllmCTU uou1 em1 !i~::prmo.a,6 0 (uoOCJ) .a.Jl dh') co'Om;o illOm;61Q) o(()ool amn..JroIIlO(l;m)O(Q 60 6)(IDg 6 (1..1(0 ~/Olmoml SWCld3>G §;d ! @2'!> dbru')an m.a.J') 6lcrum('l'UCTUl6lrno ml roB u C BVl>6Ol3 00 n.O cl B1 (I\) ~ LD tIl O m J rub 0 ( n.J (J() 0 CT\.) m'l OOJ CllJ6l6Tncm u am>@1 (. ~ O('Q)61~ §b 6ldh06YY!: V Cdhm §o 6)CTUm(l\)m; V (li) CQ;Odh V S0 c£b(")_J') rm rBlO.g,Js1.g"t n4)ruo n4)m~~ III Co gro (])orOcOO 6 0 cru~f8r06l6lru(l\)rO (]JorocOO 61) 6l('l'U\fOffi.l ClU U 57 ~CB~0(f) g;Q III 0m.J1 Some representative opinions received on the above poem 1 have gone through the poem with keen interest. Apart from the fact that this can serve as a good publicity material, I find that the poet has taken enormous pains to translate the entire gamut of instructions to enumerators into a simple [\,jalayalam poetry in the manner in which they are easily understood by the people The poet deserves our congratulations. Dr. K. P. Ittaman Officer on Special Duty, Office of the Registrar-General and Census Commissioner. India. It is indeed an imaginative effort presented in an elegant and humourous style. The author needs to be congratulated. The publication of the poem is indeed a tribute to the qualities of your leadership. Dr. S. N. Sadasivan Professor of Public Administration Indian Institute of Public Administration. New Delhi. * The Census Commissioner, India, on receiving the poem, sent the following commendatory letter. P. Padmanabha New Delhi, Census Commissioner, India February 10" ! 9R 1. Dear Sri Kesava Menon, J was very happy indeed to see the instructions for filling up individual slip rendered into a poem by you. This is a great effort and I am sure would have been far more interesting than the mundane way in which the instructions are normally presented. Your enthusiasm, I am sure, \vould have in turn energised the enumerators working under you and your other colleagues. It is this abiding interest that colleagues like you have taken in the Census that has always ensured its success in our country. With bes{ wishes Yours sincerely. P. Padmanabha. 58 6lS<:nJ b 0 ClJ'R)&1 mcamc&6lmTm bdbOQ db151 cwOft:l0OQ l UtI·" c.e,UtlClJclllcmoe» db Itctns u6YO)Ctn l n..Jdhs1 &:I1.g.,l661db06m U (n..JC'ml dbC'Ol.gd To The Director of Census Operations, Kerala Cdb(l)~l61eJ dbO cmn!tlbmom1 ClJ.g,Jb ctnOeJ~c&6lw1 dhdctnm ~dhCClJ !2l tmlllO l 80tbCtMmnl6lcmo cEhocmn3:l~p:lorol cmcm ClJl S(ll)OClldb1 awoco' (1)0 m6'1CIlCTTll eJOOll U *ouOtbLOl wwo.g,pro~l m03(l)o !IlCTXT)CClldbb ClJomo(!J) U CIlomllJ)U LDn..JJ. mgJRlIIo cm6mleJ~sl6m3b ClJcernorob C(l)(l) W(l)ldbl6le..mmnl (n..Jc..a..JoaffiClIldb1cwo QlIlernmn(l) 0 (J)mTml e.JommC'Od ctrnn mow U m b~~b~~ IIIb &bb 03C1l6'ffil c&6l0 CTUtUleJll106lWrn l n..JQj mrmmmc:n1 ern(, (M) t»CTT> (,db~6)5Qmo mml ClJoa.&6locml6lCQI ouseJCl:iOWu am l (DlCl:iOm036lIDOnn1 moam. nne.Jun..JClJOcS6)bdbOQo:OOrnnJ" dbbo1.g.,l1s:>0. mlcmcCl:i6le.JocmbclIlO«>(lJTOltml~nnb6TmO m1amn('06)(l)O 18Y1)(l).\ ro , 16-3-1981. 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