Gateway Family

HistorianA Publication of the ST. Louis Public Library

Vol. 8, NOS. 3 – 4 Summer/Fall 2008 Our Town— elcome to the Events at the twenty-fourth Wissue of Gateway Family St. Louis Public Library Historian. This issue’s focus The St. Louis Public Library Events Calendar (www.slpl.org/events/ is a country that furnished calendar.asp) can provide you with an up-to-the-minute listing of what’s happening at the Library! many immigrants to Metered parking around Central Library is free on Saturdays, and Missouri—Scotland. the Scottrade Center MetroLink stop is only four blocks away. Other free parking is available on weekdays to Library users: call or e-mail us NOTE: We welcome your suggestions for details. Registration for our programs is highly recommended but for topics for future issues. Topics can be states, countries, or research special- not required. Please call 539-0381, or e-mail [email protected] to register ties such as census or death records. or for further information. Just e-mail [email protected]. Thanks! What’s Inside Page 2 Venerated Ancestors We Could Use Your Help…

Page 3 Did You Know? The St. Louis Public Library loves being able to help so many inheriting Land and genealogists. We are sometimes asked if there is anything patrons buildings in Scotland can do to help us. If you would like to support the Library, you might consider donating a copy of your printed family history book to us. Page 4 Site Seeing: We will gladly add it to our permanent collection. You might also useful Websites want to make a Tribute donation through the St. Louis Public Library Page 5 Ethnic Spotlight: Foundation. A Tribute allows you to donate tax-deductible funds for tartans the purchase of books or materials that will be added to the genealogy collection. You can honor a family you are researching, or an individual Page 6 They Came From... of your choice, with a bookplate that is added to each Tribute item. This Scotland!! program benefits the Library and your fellow genealogists. If you would Page 7 Help! like to consider making a Tribute gift, visit the Foundation’s website at www.slplfoundation.org. Thanks to all of our readers for your support of Page 8 Contact the Library!

Venerated Ancestors

Here are just a few of the items surnames are included, for each 5. Johnston, William H. in the St. Louis Public Library’s of which the derivation, meaning, Tartans: Abbotsford to Fraser; collection that can assist you alternate spellings, geographic Frederickton to MacNeil; and in researching your Scottish area in which the name was most MacNichol to Yukon. 3 vols. ancestors: prevalent, and its first documented Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 1999. usage are given. It is an excellent FINE ARTS 929.209411 1. Adam, Frank. Clans, starting point for genealogists Septs, & Regiments of the researching a Scottish ancestor for Three volumes of large, beautiful Scottish Highlands. Baltimore: whom they only have a surname. color plates covering a wide Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., array of tartans. Clan tartans in 1970. H/G 941 3. Burke’s Peerage, Baronetage, all of their hunting and dress & Knightage, Clan Chiefs, Scottish varieties are included. District An authoritative work on the Feudal Barons. 107th ed. 3 vols. tartans are also illustrated. The history of the clan system and Wilmington, DE: Burke’s Peerage color reproductions in this set are the individual clans and septs of and Gentry LLC, 2003. H/G 929.7 probably the best to be found in Scotland, this book also includes any of the Library’s many tartan information on Highland garb Contains the genealogies of the books. and tartans, listings of Highland titled families of Scotland along with surnames and titles, coats-of-arms their coats-of-arms. Earlier editions 6. Lewis, Samuel. Topographical of clan chiefs, badges of clans of the Burke’s Peerage sets are also Dictionary of Scotland, and families, clan pipe music, as available in the Library’s stacks. Comprising the Several Counties, well as slogans/war cries of the Islands, Cities, Burgh and Market Highland clans. There are also 4. Cory, Kathleen B. Tracing Towns, Parishes, and Principal histories of individual Highland Your Scottish Ancestry. 3rd ed. Villages. 2 vols. Baltimore: regiments. Also included are color Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., examples of clan and regimental Co., Inc., 2004. H/G 929.1 1989. H/G 914.1 tartans listed alphabetically by name. This is an informative how-to An alphabetical listing of place book on conducting research in names in Scotland. Each entry 2. Black, George Fraser. The Scotland and on the Internet. The gives the origin, history, and Surnames of Scotland: Their author explains where records are location for each name. The Library Origin, Meaning, and History. found and how they are arranged. also has an older 1849 edition 2 vols. New York: The New York Addresses of libraries, archives, and in the stacks containing a third Public Library, 1943-1946. H/G records centers are also given along volume with maps of each county. 929.4 with website and e-mail addresses. A chapter on how to find present-day This book is a compilation of relatives in Scotland is also included articles that originally appeared plus a listing of church parishes and in the New York Public Library the earliest date for which records “Bulletin,” but in this edition take can be found. the format of a name dictionary. Several thousand Scottish

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Page 2 | Gateway Family Historian | Volume 8, No. 3 – 4, Summer/Fall 2008 Venerated Ancestors clan chiefs are also displayed in color than those of the major clans. continued from page 2 around the perimeter of the map. An alphabetical list by surname 7. Moncrieffe of that Ilk, Sir Iain, gives the suggested clan, family, and Don Pottinger. Scotland 8. Smith, Philip D. Tartan For Me! or district tartan to select for each of Old. : John Suggested Tartans for Scottish, name. Approximately 22,000 Bartholomew & Son, Ltd., 1960. Scotch-Irish, Irish, and North names and spelling variations H/G Heraldry Stand American Surnames With Lists of are listed in this edition including Clan, Family, and District Tartans. some 3,200 Irish and 500 Cornish A color-coded map of Scotland 7th ed. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, surnames. indicating where various clans held Inc. H/G 929.609411 sway. One hundred seventy four coats-of-arms and crests for the A very useful book for learning which tartans to use for names other

Did Inheriting Land and You Know?}Buildings in Scotland The National Archives of Scotland When a Crown tenant died, his heir heir personally. The Crown tenant provides a very helpful introduc- had to prove his right to inherit be- then recognized the heir by issuing tion to inheritance of Scottish land fore a jury of local landowners. The a precept of clare constat. There is and buildings. Until 2004 (yes, jury proceedings were written up (a no central register of precepts of 2004), the feudal system held sway “retour”) for the Royal Chancery. clare constat, but they do often turn in Scotland. Under that system, all The Royal Chancery then would up in collections of family papers at land belonged to the Crown, with generally recognize the validity of the National Archives of Scotland. the Crown passing ownership that claim (“serve him as heir”), Beginning in 1868, Scots were al- of certain lands down to vassals although it was not bound to do so. lowed to pass on heritable property (also known as “subject superiors” All retours are recorded in the Royal such as land and buildings in wills, or “Crown tenants”). The vassal Chancery. and the feudal procedures gradually in turn owed military service (in fell into disuse although the feudal modern times an annual monetary A Crown tenant in turn could cede system was not officially abolished payment) to the Crown. land to vassals of his own. When one until 2004. of these vassals died, the Crown ten- ant merely needed to satisfy himself National Archives of Scotland Guide as to the heir’s right to inherit. This to Inheritance was usually a simple process since http://www.nas.gov.uk/guides/in- the Crown tenant generally knew the heriting.asp

Page 3 Site Seeing

Cyndi’s List-Scotland http://www.cyndislist.com/scotland. General Register Office for Scotland htm http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/ index.html We shouldn’t need to tell you that a good first stop when researching They abbreviate it as GROS, but your Scottish ancestors is Cyndi’s there’s a whole lot to like about List. The website includes an the website of this very important extensive Categories List plus a list Scottish records office. of Related Categories, all of which may prove useful to the person ScotlandsPeople — The Official researching Scottish ancestors. Government Source of Genealogical Categories include How-To; Data for Scotland Libraries, Archives and Museums; http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/ Maps, Gazetteers, and Geographical Information; Mailing Lists, News Their free surname search (it will Groups, and Chat; and Military (to cost you to actually view an image name just a few). Jump start your of the record in question, however) Scottish genie research with a trip to provides access to nearly 50 million Cyndi’s List! records!

BBC — Scottish Roots: Searching for Scottish Archive Network Your Family History in Scotland http://www.scan.org.uk/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/ history/scottishroots/ Includes research tips, a directory of participating archives (with The BBC’s guide to Scottish roots virtual tours of some of them), and research is a great location for a catalog covering records in all 52 anyone new to Scottish ancestor participating archives! research. Scottish Archive Network — Scottish Genuki — Scotland Language Glossary http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/sct/ http://www.scan.org.uk/ researchrtools/glossary.htm It’s links, links, and more links —all of them dealing with Scottish Yes, they speak English (sort of ), history and/or genealogy! but you’ll find this glossary to be VERY helpful!

Page 4 | Gateway Family Historian | Volume 8, No. 3 – 4, Summer/Fall 2008 ETHNIC SPOTLIGHT— Tartans Tartan is a pattern consisting of specific tartans began to be associated criss-crossed horizontal and vertical with specific Scottish clans. bands in multiple colors. Tartans were originally created exclusively Colors in a tartan originally had no in woven cloth, but are now often symbolic meaning — the colors used displayed on other materials. mainly reflected the types of natural Tartans are particularly associated dyes available to weavers in a given with Scotland, and kilts almost region. Natural dyes generally produced always have tartan patterns— somewhat muted colors — chemical although tartan-like cloths have dyes that came into widespread use in also been discovered in Central the late 19th century produced colors Europe, Scandinavia, and China. much brighter or darker than those Tartan is commonly referred to as seen previously. “plaid” in North America, but in Scotland “plaid” refers to either a Currently, two Scottish charitable tartan cloth slung over the shoulder organizations register tartan designs for or to a blanket. a fee. Each has a database containing more than 3,000 tartan designs. There A tartan is made with alternating recently has been a push to create a bands of pre-dyed threads woven central tartans register to be sponsored at right angles to one other. The by the government of Scotland. alternating bands form visible diagonal lines where different colors References: Tartan Designer: http:// cross, giving the appearance of new www.tartandesigner.com/designer.php colors blended from the original ones. The resulting blocks of color “Tartans.” repeat vertically and horizontally in Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia. a distinctive pattern of squares and org/wiki/Tartan lines known as a sett.

Until the early nineteenth century, tartans were associated with regions or districts, not specific clans. Designs were produced by local weavers, and the patterns produced were simply different regional checked-cloth patterns. Clan members in battle situations identified friend and foe by the color of the ribbon in their bonnets, not the design of their tartans. It was only in the early- to mid-1800s that

Page 5 They Came From . . . 1695 – founded by an Act Scotland!! of the . 1296 – King Edward I removed to England Anglican principles into Scottish worship, 1707 – Act of Union of English and Scottish the Stone of Destiny on which generations of endorsed by Scottish parliament. parliaments proclaimed. Last meeting of the Scottish kings had been crowned. Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh until 1999. 1633 – Coronation of King Charles I at 1297 – Battle of Stirling Bridge in which Holyrood. 1715 – The Glasgow Courant, city’s first William Wallace (portrayed by Mel Gibson in newspaper, appears for first time. Braveheart) defeats Edward I. 1637 – A new Scottish Prayer Book creates social unrest and disorder. 1725 – The Black Watch regiment 1304 – captured by Edward I. commissioned under General Wade to police 1639 – Charles I forced to withdraw from the Highlands. 1305 – William Wallace handed over to the Scotland and recognize an independent English and executed. Scottish Parliament. 1725 – Malt Riots (Glasgow) against higher taxes on Scottish malt. 1306 – King Robert I (“The Bruce”) crowned 1646 – King Charles I surrenders to Lord Leven at Scone. and later passed to Parliamentary forces. 1747 – Proscription Act introduced, banning wearing of tartan and carrying of weapons. 1314 – Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II 1647 – King Charles I, imprisoned at at Battle of Bannockburn. Carisbrooke Castle, reaches an agreement with 1771 – Novelist and poet Sir the Scots who offer military aid in exchange born. 1328 – between King for a promise to establish Presbyterianism in Robert I and Edward III, which recognized England (but only for three years). 1780 – Society of Antiquaries founded. Scotland’s independence, ends the 30-year Wars of Independence. 1648--Battle of Preston in which Duke of 1782 – Proscription Act repealed, thus Hamilton, at the head of an army of 20,000, allowing again the wearing of tartan and the 1329 – Robert the Bruce dies. crosses into England in support of Charles carrying of weapons. I. Scots defeated by Oliver Cromwell with 2,000 killed, 8,000 captured, and Hamilton 1542 – Mary, Queen of Scots, born at 1783 – Glasgow Herald newspaper first surrendering on August 25 (and beheaded in Linlithgow Palace. published. It is the longest continuously March 1649). published daily newspaper in Britain. 1543 – Mary, Queen of Scots, crowned at 1649 – King Charles I executed at Whitehall. Stirling Castle. 1786 – Kilmarnock Edition of the poems of Robert Burns’ Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 1560 – Latin Mass prohibited in Scotland 1649 – Charles II proclaimed king in first published. by Parliament as Protestant faith gains the Edinburgh--but not in England. ascendancy. 1788 – Charles Edward Stewart, “Bonnie 1650 – Cromwell defeats Scots at Battle of Prince Charlie” dies. 1566 – Mary, Queen of Scots, gives birth to Dunbar; surrendered to Cromwell. the future King James VI of Scotland and I of 1796 – Robert Burns dies in Dumfries. England. 1651 – Charles II crowned King of Scots at Scone, the last coronation on Scottish soil. 1817 – First edition of the Edinburgh- 1567 – King James VI (aged 13 months) based Scotsman newspaper published by its crowned following the abdication of Mary, founders Carles MacLaren, William Ritchie, 1652 – Scottish Regalia (crown, scepter, and Queen of Scots, five days earlier. and John MacDiarmid. sword) saved from invading army of Cromwell 1568 – Mary, Queen of Scots, sails to exile by James Granger, who smuggles them out of Dunnottar Castle (which was under siege). 1818 – Honours of Scotland put on display in England. in Edinburgh Castle after being rediscovered by Sir Walter Scott. 1576 – First Bible (New Testament) printed 1652 – Great Fire of Glasgow destroys nearly one-third of the city. in Scotland. 1824 – Edinburgh’s Great Fire destroys the High Street, Parliament Square, and the Tron 1653 – Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of 1582 – founded. Kirk. England, Scotland, and Ireland. 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots, beheaded at 1831 – Scotland’s first passenger railway 1661 – Many Scottish historical records lost Fotheringay Castle. opens (between Glasgow and Garnkirk); when the ship Elizabeth of Burntisland sinks major outbreak of cholera in Scotland. off the English coast. The records had been 1592 – Act of the Scottish Parliament taken to London by Cromwell and were being creates the best-regulated system of armorial returned to Edinburgh. 1832 – Novelist and poet Sir Walter Scott bearings in Europe. dies at age 61. 1678 – First Glasgow/Edinburgh coach service 1600 – First January 1 celebration of New begins from White Horse Inn, Edinburgh. 1834 – First shipment of tea direct from Year in Scotland (March 25 in prior years). India arrived in Glasgow. 1690 – The Scots Parliament ratifies the 1603 – Union of the Crowns of England and establishment of a Presbyterian religious 1835 – Steel tycoon and philanthropist Scotland on the death of Queen Elizabeth I system, rejecting Episcopacy. Andrew Carnegie born in Dunfermline. and succession of King James VI of Scotland. 1693 – Hackney cabs (horse-drawn taxis) 1838 – The 703-ton Sirius, built in Leith and 1606 – Union flag adopted as the flag of authorized for the first time in Glasgow. carrying 90 passengers, reaches New York, England, Wales, and Scotland. the first ship to cross the Atlantic entirely under steam. 1695 – The Scottish Parliament establishes a 1617 – Articles of religion, introducing General Post Office. continued on next page

Page 6 | Gateway Family Historian | Volume 8, No. 3 – 4, Summer/Fall 2008

In 1867, a law was passed mandating -Let his loyalty and devotion be a that ownerless dogs must either lesson to us all.” In 1873, a Scottish be licensed or destroyed. By then, philanthropist paid for the erection however, was already of a fountain above which sits a Help!! a local celebrity. The Lord Provost of statue of Bobby, the little dog who Edinburgh, Sir William Chambers never left his master’s side. Help!! provides an opportunity for (who was a director of the Scottish Several books and movies tell the readers to ask for assistance with Society for the Prevention of Cruelty story of Greyfriars Bobby including genealogical queries. We invite our to Animals), himself paid for a renewal a 1961 Walt Disney live-action film. readers to contribute solutions to of Bobby’s licence, thereby making the questions featured in this section. ownerless dog the responsibility of the References: Greyfriars Bobby: http:// See the Contact section for e-mail Edinburgh city council. www.greyfriarsbobby.co.uk/ and postal addresses. Put GFH- HELP!! in the subject line. Bobby died on January 14, 1872. He Greyfriars Bobby: http://www. could not be buried in the consecrated findoutaboutdogs.com/Greyfriars_ Q: Help! Who (or What) was ground of the cemetery itself, so he was Bobby.html Greyfriars Bobby? buried just inside the gate of , not far from the grave of his Greyfriars Bobby: http:// Greyfriars Bobby was a Skye master, John Gray. Bobby’s headstone en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyfriars_ Terrier that became well-known in reads as follows: “Greyfriars Bobby-- Bobby Edinburgh, Scotland, during the died 14th January 1872--aged 16 years- mid-19th century. Bobby belonged to John Gray, who worked for the They Came From... Scotland!! continued from page 6 Edinburgh City Police as a night 1871 – Journalist Henry M. Stanley found the missing Scottish missionary David watchman. The pair 1840 – Foundation stone for monument to Sir Livingstone. Walter Scott laid in . were inseparable for 1872 – Introduction of voting by secret two years, at which 1842 – Intercity railway between Glasgow and ballot. Edinburgh opened by Queen Victoria. time (February 15, 1872 – Education (Scotland) Act passed, 1858) Gray died of 1843 – Break up of and providing elementary education for all tuberculosis. He was formation of Free Church of Scotland. children. buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard, 1847 – Alexander Graham Bell born in 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell applies the graveyard that surrounded Edinburgh. for patent for telephone. Two hours later his rival, Elisha Gray, applies for a similar in the Old Town 1847 – Final run of the Edinburgh to London patent. Bell’s was granted (Patent 174461). of Edinburgh (Greyfriars refers to mail coach (trains had taken over). 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell monks of the Franciscan order). 1850 – Novelist and poet Robert Louis demonstrates his telephone to Queen Stevenson born in Edinburgh. Victoria, who makes the first call in the British Isles from her residence on the Isle Bobby survived Gray by fourteen 1854 – The Great North of Scotland Railway of Wight. years. He is said to have spent most opened, running from Aberdeen to Huntly. 1886 – Crofters’ Holding Act passed of that time maintaining a lonely 1855 – David Livingstone reaches Victoria providing limited security of tenure. vigil on his master’s grave. It appears Falls in Africa. 1887 – Wallace statue unveiled at the that Bobby abandoned his vigil long 1859 – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Wallace National Monument at Stirling. enough each day to take a meal at a Sherlock Holmes, born of Irish parents in Edinburgh. 1894 – Death duties introduced for first restaurant beside the graveyard (where time in Britain. his master had often taken his meals), 1861 – “One o’clock gun” fired for first time from Edinburgh Castle. 1895 – The east coast express train from and most likely was sheltered on London to Aberdeen sets record time of bitterly cold winter days and nights 1868 – Last public hanging in Scotland--that 10 hours and 21 minutes for 540-mile trip. of Joseph Bell at Perth. in nearby houses. But there can be no 1899 – Experiment using electricity to doubt that Bobby was amazingly loyal 1868 – Scottish Reform Act passed, giving drive Glasgow’s tram cars is successful, vote to all male householders. sounding the end for the 3,000 horses to his deceased master. used by the city on its 150 miles of track.

Page 7 Gateway Family

Co-editors: HistorianCynthia Millar & Thomas A. Pearson

A co-publication of the History & Genealogy and Special Collections Departments.

slpl.org St. Louis Public Library 1301 Olive Street St. Louis, MO 63103 314-539-0386 or 314-539-0381 Fax: 314-539-0393 E-mail: [email protected]

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