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Die Libellenfauna Des Dörnlesees in Lingenau (Naturpark

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Die Libellenfauna Des Dörnlesees in Lingenau (Naturpark Feurle, A. W. & Holzinger, W. E. (2017): Die Libellenfauna des Dörnlesees in Lingenau (Naturpark Nagelfluhkette), mit dem Erstnachweis der Gabel-Azurjungfer (Coenagrion scitulum, Odonata, Insecta) für Vorarlberg. inatura – Forschung online, 46: 6 S. Die Libellenfauna des Dörnlesees in Lingenau Nr. 46 - 2017 (Naturpark Nagelfluhkette), mit dem Erstnachweis der Gabel-Azurjungfer (Coenagrion scitulum, Odonata, Insecta) für Vorarlberg Alexander W. Feurle1 & Werner E. Holzinger2 1 MMag. Alexander W. Feurle, Schwarzen 365/4, A-6861 Alberschwende E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Priv.Doz. Mag. Dr. Werner E. Holzinger ÖKOTEAM - Institut für Tierökologie und Naturraumplanung OG Bergmanngasse 22, A-8010 Graz; E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract A survey of the Odonata fauna of the pond Dörnlesee in Lingenau (Vorarlberg; coordinates (WGS84): 9,9106 E; 47,4536 N) car- ried out in 2017 revealed a total of 14 species. On 21 June 2017, we spotted a single male of the Dainty Damselfly (Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur, 1842)). This is the first confirmed record of this species in Vorarlberg. In Austria, Coenagrion scitulum is autochthonous in its eastern parts (Styria, Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vienna) and has been recorded in Salzburg recently. In addition, an unconfirmed record for Vorarlberg was published in 2002. It is a species with holo-mediterranean distribution and a distinct range expansion (due to climate change) towards Central Europe in recent decades, where it usually inhabits low alti- tudes. Our record of Coenagrion scitulum at 663 m a.s.l. therefore is unusual and can be explained by the fact that the Dörnlesee is favoured by a warm climate. Key words: Libellen, Coenagrionidae, Gabel-Azurjungfer, Dainty Damselfly, Coenagrion scitulum, Dörnlesee, Vorarlberg, Austria, Österreich, Naturpark Nagelfluhkette, Erstnachweis, Ausbreitung, Klimawandel, first record, migration, climate change Zusammenfassung wandels) in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich nach Mitteleuropa hin erwei- Bei Untersuchungen der Libellenfauna tert, wo sie am häufigsten in tiefen des Dörnlesees in Lingenau (Koordi- Lagen vorkommt. Unser Nachweis von naten (WGS84): 9,9106 E; 47,4536 N) Coenagrion scitulum auf einer Seehöhe konnten im Jahr 2017 insgesamt 14 von 663 m ist als untypisch zu bezeich- Arten festgestellt werden. Hier ge- nen, und kann durch die wärmebe- lang am 21.06.2017 ein Fotonachweis günstigte Lage des Dörnlesees erklärt der Gabel-Azurjungfer (Coenagrion werden. scitulum (Rambur, 1842)). Dies ist die erste gesicherte Meldung der Art für Vorarlberg. Coenagrion scitulum ist in 1 Einleitung Ostösterreich (Steiermark, Burgen- land, Niederösterreich und Wien) bo- Im Zuge gewässerökologischer und denständig und wurde kürzlich auch insbesondere libellenkundlicher Er- aus Salzburg gemeldet. Aus Vorarlberg hebungen (Projekt »Die Libellen Vor- gibt es zudem eine unbestätigte Mel- arlbergs« von Werner Holzinger und dung aus dem Jahr 2002. Es handelt Brigitte Komposch i. A. der inatura sich um eine holomediterrane Art, Dornbirn, ergänzt durch die Privatini- Abb. 1: Lage des Fundortes (roter Kreis) in deren Areal sich (im Zuge des Klima- tiative von Alexander Feurle) am Dörn- Vorarlberg (Karte © Land Vorarlberg). Eingegangen: 05.10.2017; Publiziert: 03.11.2017 1 lesee in Lingenau gelang der erste si- chere Nachweis der Gabel-Azurjungfer (Coenagrion scitulum) für Vorarlberg. Über diesen Fund und über die Libel- lenfauna des Dörnlesees wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit berichtet. 2 Der Dörnlesee 2.1 Lage und Klima Der Dörnlesee (Koordinaten (WGS84): 9,9106 E; 47,4536 N, 663 m See höhe) befindet sich in der Gemeinde Lin- genau (Abb. 1 und 4) ca. 13 km WNW Abb. 2: Blick Richtung Norden über den Dörnlesee mit seinem Saum aus Schilf und von Dornbirn im Bregenzerwald. Das Großseggen (Foto: Alexander Feurle). Gewässer ist mit Teilen des Umlands als 0,51 ha großer »Biotop« Nr. 22504 des Vorarlberger Biotopinventars aus- gewiesen (STAUDINGER & ZÖHRER 2009) und in den Naturpark Nagelfluhkette eingebettet. Die Lage des Sees auf einer zwischen OSO über S bis NW offenen Gelände- ebene erlaubt eine effektiv mögliche tägliche Sonnenscheindauer zwischen 6,5 h im Winter und annähernd 14 h im Sommer (Daten: Sonnengangberech- nung mittels VoGIS). Der Vergleich mit der astronomisch möglichen Sonnen- scheindauer von 8,5 h im Winter bzw. rund 16 h im Sommer (MOHNL 2002) verdeutlicht die gut besonnte Lage des Sees. In den Sommermonaten Abb. 3: Im Westen (Bildvordergrund) grenzt eine nährstoffarme, artenreiche Feucht- zählt der Bregenzerwald mit 45-50 % wiese an den Dörnlesee (Foto: Werner Holzinger). relativer Sonnenscheindauer zum Spitzenbereich innerhalb Vorarlbergs (MOHNL 2002). Neben dem vergleichs- weise geringen sommerlichen Bede- ckungsgrad ist die Region mit unter 25 Nebeltagen pro Jahr (im Rheintal bis zu 50 Nebeltage pro Jahr) als beson- ders nebelarm zu bezeichnen (BÖHM 2001). Die jährlichen Niederschlags- Abb. 4: Der Dörnlesee und der landwirt- schaftlich geprägte Nahbereich auf dem amt lichen Luftbild aus dem Jahr 2015. Zu erkennen ist auch ein gänzlich verlande- ter Gewässerteil im Nordwesten (VoGIS – © Land Vorarlberg). inatura – Forschung online 46 (2017) 2 summen liegen zwischen 1800 mm 2.3 Limnologie Fingerknabenkraut (Dactylorhiza ma- und 2100 mm (AUER 2001). Die Jah- culata), Sumpf-Weidenröschen (Epi- resmitteltemperatur beträgt 6-8 °C, Der Dörnlesee hat einen kleinen, zeit- lobium palustre), Sumpf-Stendelwurz das mittlere Jahresmaximum der Luft- weise austrocknenden Zulauf, der von (Epipactis palustris) und Sumpffarn temperatur liegt bei 30-32 °C und die einem Überlauf einer Quellfassung (Thelypteris palustris) (GRUBER-BRUNHUMER durchschnittliche Vegetations periode stammt. Er besitzt keinen oberirdi- & WALSER 2010; STAUDINGER & ZÖHRER 2009; (Tage mit Mitteltemperatur von zu- schen Abfluss. Der Seeboden besteht JÄGER 2012; 2013; vgl. Abb. 2 und 3). mindest +5 °C) dauert zwischen 180 aus nährstoffarmen Sedimenten, die Naturschutzfachlich bedeutend ist der und 240 Tagen, was landesweit jeweils einen geringen (natürlichen) Schwer- Dörnlesee auch als Fortpflanzungsge- lediglich von den deutlich tiefer lie- metallgehalt aufweisen (GRUBER-BRUN- wässer für mehrere Amphibienarten: genden Bereich des Bodensees/Rhein- HUMER & WALSER 2010). Der See ist al- Neben Grünfröschen (Pelophylax sp.) tals/Walgaus übertroffen wird (BÖHM lerdings (anthropogen) eutrophiert. existiert hier eine bedeutende Popu- 2001). Die orographisch abgeschirm- Im Zuge einer ökologischen Sanie- lation des Kammmolchs (Triturus cri- ten Tallagen des Bregenzerwaldes rung durch das Umweltbüro Mar- status s.str.). Der letzte Nachweis des sind als windschwach zu klassifizieren kus Grabher (UMG, Bregenz) im Jahr stark gefährdeten Laubfrosches (Hyla (KOCH & WERNER 2001). Der Dörnlesee 2002 wurde erfolglos versucht, einen arborea) stammt aus dem Jahr 1996 kann zusammenfassend trotz seiner unterirdischen Quellzulauf zu reakti- (ASCHAUER et al. 2008). Zudem ist er Le- Höhenlage von 663 m als Wärme- vieren (ANONYMUS 2009). Als gewässer- bensraum von Zwergtaucher (Podiceps stand ort bezeichnet werden. ökologisch problematisch ist der Be- ruficollis), Teichhuhn (Gallinula chlo- satz mit Fischen (Karpfen, Goldfische) ropus), Teichrohrsänger (Acrocephalus 2.2 Geologie und Entstehung zu bewerten. scirpaceus) und Rohrammer (Emberiza schoeniclus) (KILZER & WILLI 2011). In Lingenau bilden Konglomerate, 2.4 Flora und Fauna Mergel und Sandstein der Weißach- 2.5 Gefährdung, Schutz und Formation den zur gefalteten Molas- Der Dörnlesee weist eine reichhaltige, Pflege se gehörenden Untergrund. Darüber auch für Libellen wesentliche Makro- liegen größere, nach dem Zurück- phytenflora auf: Es kommen u.a. Kleine Ein erster Versuch zum Schutz des weichen des Bregenzerachgletschers Wasserlinse (Lemna minor), Berchtold- Dörnlesees wurde unter der Begrün- entstandene Schotterkörper. Mit dem Laichkraut (Potamogeton berchtoldii), dung »wegen Tiefe und unterirdi- Rückschmelzen der Gletscher ge- Schwimmendes Laichkraut (Potamo- schem Wasserabfluß erhaltenswert« gen Ende der letzten Eiszeit wurden geton natans) und Alpen-Laichkraut bereits von SCHREIBER (1910) unter- vor ungefähr 17.000 Jahren in einem (Potamogeton alpinus) vor. Die Röh- nommen. Dennoch wurden der See großen Eisrandsee Deltaschotter der richtzone wird u.a. von Schilf (Phragmi- und seine Umgebung vor allem in Subersach auf dem 660m-Niveau des tes australis), Breitblättrigem Rohrkol- der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhun- vorderen Bregenzerwaldes abgela- ben (Typha latifolia), Gewöhnlichem derts erheblich beeinträchtigt. In den gert. Neben durchlässigen Locker- Froschlöffel (Alisma plantago-aquati- 1970er-Jahren wurden sogar Schläm- gesteinen (Kiesterrassen) sind durch ca), Wasserminze (Mentha aquatica), me einer benachbarten Kieswasch- Schwebstoffablagerungen auch was- Bach-Bunge (Veronica beccabunga), anlage in den See geleitet (ANONYMUS ser stauende Schichten (Seetone) ent- Sumpf-Schwertlilie (Iris pseudacorus), 2009). 1979/80 wurden unter Walter standen. Diese undurchlässigen Sedi- Wald-Simse (Scirpus sylvaticus), Teich- Krieg (Vorarlberger Naturschau) erste mente bilden den Untergrund des Schachtelhalm (Equisetum fluviatile), Rettungsmaßnahmen umgesetzt. Im Sees (DE JONG et al. 1995; FRIEBE 2007). Schmalblatt-Rohrkolben (Typha an- Jahr 2002 folgte auf Initiative der Ge- Die genaue Entstehung des Beckens gustifolia), Blaugrüner Binse (Juncus meinde Lingenau eine ökologische des Dörnlesees wurde bisher jedoch inflexus) und Fieberklee (Menyanthes Sanierung unter der
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