Network Working Group N. Freed Request for Comments: 2049 Innosoft Obsoletes: 1521, 1522, 1590 N
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2606 A. Panitz BCP: 32 June 1999 Category: Best Current Practice
Network Working Group D. Eastlake Request for Comments: 2606 A. Panitz BCP: 32 June 1999 Category: Best Current Practice Reserved Top Level DNS Names Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved. Abstract To reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion, a few top level domain names are reserved for use in private testing, as examples in documentation, and the like. In addition, a few second level domain names reserved for use as examples are documented. Table of Contents 1. Introduction............................................1 2. TLDs for Testing, & Documentation Examples..............2 3. Reserved Example Second Level Domain Names..............2 4. IANA Considerations.....................................3 5. Security Considerations.................................3 References.................................................3 Authors' Addresses.........................................4 Full Copyright Statement...................................5 1. Introduction The global Internet Domain Name System is documented in [RFC 1034, 1035, 1591] and numerous additional Requests for Comment. It defines a tree of names starting with root, ".", immediately below which are top level domain names such as ".com" and ".us". Below top level domain names there are normally additional levels of names. Eastlake & Panitz Best Current Practice [Page 1] RFC 2606 Reserved Top Level DNS Names June 1999 2. TLDs for Testing, & Documentation Examples There is a need for top level domain (TLD) names that can be used for creating names which, without fear of conflicts with current or future actual TLD names in the global DNS, can be used for private testing of existing DNS related code, examples in documentation, DNS related experimentation, invalid DNS names, or other similar uses. -
Network Working Group J. Postel Request for Comments: 820 J. Vernon January 1983 Obsoletes Rfcs
Network Working Group J. Postel Request for Comments: 820 J. Vernon January 1983 Obsoletes RFCs: 790, 776, 770, 762, 758, 755, 750, 739, 604, 503, 433, 349 Obsoletes IENs: 127, 117, 93 ASSIGNED NUMBERS This Network Working Group Request for Comments documents the currently assigned values from several series of numbers used in network protocol implementations. This RFC will be updated periodically, and in any case current information can be obtained from Jon Postel. The assignment of numbers is also handled by Jon, subject to the agreement between DARPA/IPTO and DDN/PMO about number allocation, documented in Appendix A of this RFC. If you are developing a protocol or application that will require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, or network number please contact Jon to receive a number assignment. Jon Postel USC - Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey, California 90291 phone: (213) 822-1511 ARPANET mail: POSTEL@ISIF The ARPANET community is making the transition form the ARPANET to the ARPA Internet. This has been characterized as the NCP/TCP transition [63], although many other the protocols are involved, too. The working documents for the new Internet environment have been collected by the Network Information Center (NIC) in a book entitled the "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" [62]. Most of the protocols mentioned here are documented in the RFC series of notes. The more prominent and more generally used are documented in the "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" or in the old "Protocol Handbook" [17] prepared by the NIC. Some of the items listed are undocumented. -
Network Working Group J. Reynolds Request for Comments: 923 J
Network Working Group J. Reynolds Request for Comments: 923 J. Postel ISI Obsoletes RFCs: 900, 870, 820, October 1984 790, 776, 770, 762, 758, 755, 750, 739, 604, 503, 433, 349 Obsoletes IENs: 127, 117, 93 ASSIGNED NUMBERS Status of this Memo This memo is an official status report on the numbers used in protocols in the ARPA-Internet community. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Introduction This Network Working Group Request for Comments documents the currently assigned values from several series of numbers used in network protocol implementations. This RFC will be updated periodically, and in any case current information can be obtained from Joyce Reynolds. The assignment of numbers is also handled by Joyce. If you are developing a protocol or application that will require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, network number, etc., please contact Joyce to receive a number assignment. Joyce Reynolds USC - Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey, California 90292-6695 Phone: (213) 822-1511 ARPA mail: [email protected] Most of the protocols mentioned here are documented in the RFC series of notes. The more prominent and more generally used are documented in the "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" [33] or in the old "ARPANET Protocol Handbook" [34] prepared by the NIC. Some of the items listed are undocumented. Further information on protocols can be found in the memo "Official ARPA-Internet Protocols" [89]. In all cases the name and mailbox of the responsible individual is indicated. In the lists that follow, a bracketed entry, e.g., [nn,iii], at the right hand margin of the page indicates a reference for the listed protocol, where the number ("nn") cites the document and the letters ("iii") cites the person. -
1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes Rfcs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M
Network Working Group S. Romano Request for Comments: 1117 M. Stahl Obsoletes RFCs: 1062, 1020, 997, 990, 960, 943, M. Recker 923, 900, 870, 820, 790, 776, 770, 762, SRI-NIC 758, 755, 750, 739, 604, 503, 433, 349 August 1989 Obsoletes IENs: 127, 117, 93 INTERNET NUMBERS Status of this Memo This memo is an official status report on the network numbers and the autonomous system numbers used in the Internet community. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Introduction This Network Working Group Request for Comments documents the currently assigned network numbers and gateway autonomous systems. This RFC will be updated periodically, and in any case current information can be obtained from Hostmaster at the DDN Network Information Center (NIC). Hostmaster DDN Network Information Center SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 Phone: 1-800-235-3155 Network mail: [email protected] Most of the protocols used in the Internet are documented in the RFC series of notes. Some of the items listed are undocumented. Further information on protocols can be found in the memo "Official Internet Protocols" [40]. The more prominent and more generally used are documented in the "DDN Protocol Handbook" [17] prepared by the NIC. Other collections of older or obsolete protocols are contained in the "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" [18], or in the "ARPANET Protocol Transition Handbook" [19]. For further information on ordering the complete 1985 DDN Protocol Handbook, contact the Hostmaster. Also, the Internet Activities Board (IAB) publishes the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" [52], which describes the state of standardization of protocols used in the Internet. -
How Constructing the DNS Shaped Internet Governance
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Malcic, Steven Article The problem of future users: how constructing the DNS shaped internet governance Internet Policy Review Provided in Cooperation with: Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG), Berlin Suggested Citation: Malcic, Steven (2016) : The problem of future users: how constructing the DNS shaped internet governance, Internet Policy Review, ISSN 2197-6775, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Vol. 5, Iss. 3, pp. 1-13, http://dx.doi.org/10.14763/2016.3.434 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/214028 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten -
Who Governs the Internet? the Emerging Policies, Institutions, and Governance of Cyberspace
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2013 Who Governs the Internet? The Emerging Policies, Institutions, and Governance of Cyberspace Robert J. Domanski The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1481 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] i WHO GOVERNS THE INTERNET? THE EMERGING POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS, AND GOVERNANCE OF CYBERSPACE by ROBERT J. DOMANSKI A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2013 ii © 2013 ROBERT J. DOMANSKI All Rights Reserved iii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Donna Kirchheimer 8/5/2013 Date Chair of Examining Committee Joe Rollins 8/5/2013 Date Executive Officer Stephen Brier Andrew Rich Charles Tien Sarah Zelikovitz Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv Abstract WHO GOVERNS THE INTERNET? THE EMERGING POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS, AND GOVERNANCE OF CYBERSPACE by Robert J. Domanski Sponsor: Professor Donna Kirchheimer There remains a widespread perception among both the public and elements of academia that the Internet is “ungovernable”. However, this idea, as well as the notion that the Internet has become some type of cyber-libertarian utopia, is wholly inaccurate. -
Network Working Group J. Postel Request for Comments: 959 J. Reynolds ISI Obsoletes RFC: 765 (IEN 149) October 1985
Network Working Group J. Postel Request for Comments: 959 J. Reynolds ISI Obsoletes RFC: 765 (IEN 149) October 1985 FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) Status of this Memo This memo is the official specification of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Distribution of this memo is unlimited. The following new optional commands are included in this edition of the specification: CDUP (Change to Parent Directory), SMNT (Structure Mount), STOU (Store Unique), RMD (Remove Directory), MKD (Make Directory), PWD (Print Directory), and SYST (System). Note that this specification is compatible with the previous edition. 1. INTRODUCTION The objectives of FTP are 1) to promote sharing of files (computer programs and/or data), 2) to encourage indirect or implicit (via programs) use of remote computers, 3) to shield a user from variations in file storage systems among hosts, and 4) to transfer data reliably and efficiently. FTP, though usable directly by a user at a terminal, is designed mainly for use by programs. The attempt in this specification is to satisfy the diverse needs of users of maxi-hosts, mini-hosts, personal workstations, and TACs, with a simple, and easily implemented protocol design. This paper assumes knowledge of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [2] and the Telnet Protocol [3]. These documents are contained in the ARPA-Internet protocol handbook [1]. 2. OVERVIEW In this section, the history, the terminology, and the FTP model are discussed. The terms defined in this section are only those that have special significance in FTP. Some of the terminology is very specific to the FTP model; some readers may wish to turn to the section on the FTP model while reviewing the terminology. -
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 22 Sep 2012 02:49:54 UTC Contents Articles History of the Internet 1 Barry Appelman 26 Paul Baran 28 Vint Cerf 33 Danny Cohen (engineer) 41 David D. Clark 44 Steve Crocker 45 Donald Davies 47 Douglas Engelbart 49 Charles M. Herzfeld 56 Internet Engineering Task Force 58 Bob Kahn 61 Peter T. Kirstein 65 Leonard Kleinrock 66 John Klensin 70 J. C. R. Licklider 71 Jon Postel 77 Louis Pouzin 80 Lawrence Roberts (scientist) 81 John Romkey 84 Ivan Sutherland 85 Robert Taylor (computer scientist) 89 Ray Tomlinson 92 Oleg Vishnepolsky 94 Phil Zimmermann 96 References Article Sources and Contributors 99 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 102 Article Licenses License 103 History of the Internet 1 History of the Internet The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. -
Iplanet Messaging Server 5.1 Reference Manual • May 2001 Imadmin Domain Modify
Reference Manual iPlanet Messaging Server Release5.1 May 2001 Copyright © 2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Some preexisting portions Copyright © 2001 Netscape Communications Corporation. All rights reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, and the Sun logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Netscape and the Netscape N logo are registered trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. Other Netscape logos, product names, and service names are also trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation, which may be registered in other countries. Federal Acquisitions: Commercial Software—Government Users Subject to Standard License Terms and Conditions The product described in this document is distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of the product or this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of the Sun-Netscape Alliance and its licensors, if any. THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. ________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Pour certaines parties préexistantes, Copyright © 2001 Netscape Communication Corp. Tous droits réservés. Sun, Sun Microsystems, et the Sun logosont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays. Netscape et the Netscape N logo sont des marques déposées de Netscape Communications Corporation aux Etats-Unis et d’autre pays. -
(IETF) J. Klensin Request for Comments: 6152 STD: 71 N
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Klensin Request for Comments: 6152 STD: 71 N. Freed Obsoletes: 1652 Oracle Category: Standards Track M. Rose ISSN: 2070-1721 Dover Beach Consulting, Inc. D. Crocker, Ed. Brandenburg InternetWorking March 2011 SMTP Service Extension for 8-bit MIME Transport Abstract This memo defines an extension to the SMTP service whereby an SMTP content body consisting of text containing octets outside of the US-ASCII octet range (hex 00-7F) may be relayed using SMTP. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6152. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. -
A Security Analysis of Email Communications
A security analysis of email communications Ignacio Sanchez Apostolos Malatras Iwen Coisel Reviewed by: Jean Pierre Nordvik 2 0 1 5 EUR 28509 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Contact information Ignacio Sanchez Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I - 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia E-mail: [email protected] JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc Legal Notice This publication is a Technical Report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. All images © European Union 2015, except: Frontpage : © bluebay2014, fotolia.com JRC 99372 EUR 28509 EN ISSN 1831-9424 ISBN 978-92-79-66503-5 doi:10.2760/319735 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy Abstract The objective of this report is to analyse the security and privacy risks of email communications and identify technical countermeasures capable of mitigating them effectively. In order to do so, the report analyses from a technical point of view the core set of communication protocols and standards that support email communications in order to identify and understand the existing security and privacy vulnerabilities. On the basis of this analysis, the report identifies and analyses technical countermeasures, in the form of newer standards, protocols and tools, aimed at ensuring a better protection of the security and privacy of email communications. -
RFC 2557 MIME Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents March 1999
Network Working Group J. Palme Request for Comments: 2557 Stockholm University/KTH Obsoletes: 2110 A. Hopmann Category: Standards Track Microsoft Corporation N. Shelness Lotus Development Corporation March 1999 MIME Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HTML (MHTML) Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved. Abstract HTML [RFC 1866] defines a powerful means of specifying multimedia documents. These multimedia documents consist of a text/html root resource (object) and other subsidiary resources (image, video clip, applet, etc. objects) referenced by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) within the text/html root resource. When an HTML multimedia document is retrieved by a browser, each of these component resources is individually retrieved in real time from a location, and using a protocol, specified by each URI. In order to transfer a complete HTML multimedia document in a single e-mail message, it is necessary to: a) aggregate a text/html root resource and all of the subsidiary resources it references into a single composite message structure, and b) define a means by which URIs in the text/html root can reference subsidiary resources within that composite message structure. This document a) defines the use of a MIME multipart/related structure to aggregate a text/html root resource and the subsidiary resources it references, and b) specifies a MIME content-header (Content-Location) that allow URIs in a multipart/related text/html root body part to reference subsidiary resources in other body parts of the same multipart/related structure.