Fall Newsletter of the 2011 Bergen County Historical Society

We have again faced down another of our heritage and the most significant storm of historic proportions. About a surviving fragment of the Jersey Dutch President’s Message foot of water countryside. Johannes Ackerman chose invaded the this site at the confluence of Coles Brook main floor of the Zabriskie-Steuben and the in 1720 as House, but it receded with the tide, a suitable location for a tidal gristmill. leaving a coat of muddy sand. Unlike in April 2007, however, we now have Statue of Steuben access and volunteers were able to move in Lafayette Park, everything of value to the upper floors Washington, DC. by Albert in plenty of time. We can always mop Jaegers, 1910. muddy floors and air out rooms, but at We have a 4 least there is no damage to significant ft tall plaster artifacts or furnishings. Since the display model in cases were set on blocks and tables, collections, which we keep handy for such purposes, – needs we only have to wipe off their bases restoration. and arrange the exhibits. We also raised furnishings in the Demarest House, where floodwaters filled the basement, barely reaching the main floor. The Campbell-Christie House, Out Kitchen and Westervelt-Thomas Barn stood above the flood. We also set that portion of our museum and library collections, presently stored in a warehouse considered safe above the century-flood mark, on pallets D. Powell and tables. Obviously, it is better to be safe than sorry. Obviously, being located at the narrows Since 1850—the approximate date of of the Hackensack River, site of the the close of the Little Ice Age—sea level in Bridge That Saved A Nation, it survived New York Harbor has risen 15 inches, so more of the American Revolution than we must adapt to circumstances beyond any other extant site in America. Having our control. Otherwise, we would have served as a fort, military headquarters, to be willing to abandon a priceless piece encampment ground and battle ground in every year of the war, it literally is the Crossroads of the American Revolution. In this issue We cannot move a Revolutionary President’s Letter ...... 1 & 19 War battleground and Washington’s Fundraising...... 2 & 4, 5 headquarters (in September 1780) to New Trustees...... 3 higher ground, so we stand prepared to Events & News...... 13 & 18, 19 do all we are called upon to do for its Saving the Army ...... 6-12, 17 safety. Coytesville...... 13-17 We are now working on resolving issues that will allow us to open our Bergen County Historical Societycontinued Fall 2011 on page 17 We thank ROOSEVELT SCHOOL, River Edge for their generous donation to the BCHS Museum & Library Building Fund! Retiring teacher Anne Marchetti and her fourth grade class raised $844 in 2 days! Their efforts, on our behalf, will resume in the fall. We are deeply grateful to all those who recognize the need and who meet the challenge of preserving our irreplaceable heritage! Pictured here: Past BCHS President Kevin Wright with representatives from Anne Marchetti’s fourth grade class.

We thank Outwater Milita for their generous donation of $1,000 to the BCHS Museum & Library Building Fund! Pictured here: Meredith Dansak, Michele Dansak, George Skic (Deputy Commander of Outwater’s Militia) Mike Trepicchio, BCHS President accepting the check, Richard Dansak, Jim Smith and Caroline Dansak.

2 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society Welcome new BCHS trustees Jim Smith, Scott Barone and Janet King.

A resident of I am Scott Barone Janet King traces Ridgewood, James M. and I have been married her interest in history Smith has always had a to my wife Jodi for to family road trips passion for history and seventeen years. We have with stops to visit is excited to be joining twin nine-year-old boys historic sites and read the Board of Trustees. He and live in Paramus. I all of the “hysterical” attended The Catholic am a Network Engineer markers along the way. University of America, for Verisk Analytics in Soon she was bringing receiving a BA in History Jersey City, NJ. I have along library books and continued his studies always loved history about territory they at St. Peter’s College and for as long as I can were passing through is a State Certified Social remember. I especially to paraphrase for her Studies Teacher. enjoy the colonial little brother (who However, Mr. Smith’s period. For this reason ended up majoring in interest in history does I joined a living history history). She also began not reside solely in the group called the Third compiling information classroom. He is also NJ Regiment, which is a for a family tree and an officer of Outwater’s member organization of dreamed about going Militia, which is based on a larger group called the West on a wagon an actual unit that served Brigade of the American train. Born in Denver in the Hackensack & New Revolution (aka BAR). and growing up in Bridge area during the We portray Continental Los Angeles, Phoenix, Rev War. While other soldiers and re-enact Seattle and Cincinnati, areas of the Colonies saw battles and events that she had a Western bent, fighting through different happened between 1775 but is happy to have periods, it was Bergen and 1783. I like to camp ended up in Bergen County and its militia that out at events with my County, where colonial was on constant duty. We kids, where they learn and Revolutionary War may know the names of about history and get to days are also part of the and stay a some pretty cool picture. , but how historic sites. I enjoy Janet retired last year much is known about participating in all the after teaching English John Outwater, Adam wonderful BCHS events and ESL for 40 years. Boyd, John Fell, and Major they hold throughout She is happy to be part Goetchius? the year. of BCHS.

Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 3 Fundraising Efforts for BCHS Museum & Library DONATIONS: $38,024 Updated 8/17/2011

BENEFACTOR: $1,000 to 4,999 Deborah Powell & Kevin Wright, Naomi Rothschild, Englewoood River Edge by Jennifer Rothschild Sgt. Walter Scott Brown American Irene Stella, Closter Legion, Post 226, River Edge by Jennifer Rothschild Outwater Militia, Bob & Eleanor Roth, Bergenfield PATRON: $500 to $999 Carol Greene, Mahwah Roosevelt School, River Edge Klaus & Jerri Angermueller in memory of (lead by Anne Marchetti’s Class) Willard & Marjorie Somers, Oakland Mac Borg, Woodland Park CIRCLE: $100 to $499 Firth Haring Fabend, Montclair, NJ Michelle Novak, NYC Dennis and Nancy Buttacavoli, Eleanor Roth, Bergenfield Hasbrouck Hts Bob Roth, Bergenfield Thomas Jordan, Hackensack Alex and Gail Dever, Bergenfield Kathleen Moran, Bogota Rusty Relics Car Club, Paramus Norwood American Legion Post 272, James Purcell, Norwood Norwood Jim Madden, Wood Ridge Clifford Zink, Princeton Maywood American Legion, Al & Jeanne Dib, Hackensack Post No. 142 Dee Ann Ipp, Teaneck Tim & Noelle Beckemeyer, River Vale Judith Kilcullen, Studio City, CA John & Nancy Locke, Woodcliff Lake Dr. Joe and Annie Salvatore, Cape May, Ed Purcell, Ramsey NJ (formerly of Alpine, NJ) George Menditto, Hackensack Barbara Bosch, Hasbrouck Heights James E. Purcell, Dumont Martin and Eleanor Gruber, Ridgewood Richard K. Purcell, Rochelle Park Martin and Norma Goetz, Teaneck Joseph & Judy Sparacino, Middletown Sgt. Walter Scott Brown Post 226 Courtney Powell, FL American Legion Post , River Edge Jan Pranger, Hinsdale, IL Keith Brickman, Cary, NC DONOR: $25 to $99 Sandy Loft, Teaneck George Emma, Mahwah John Gidney, Bergenfield Judith Grace, Teaneck Wendy & Barry Salkin, River Edge Dawn Langmaack, Fort Lee Flo Muller, Ridgefield Park Marie Haisan, Tannerville, PA Ben Im, Fort Lee Dr. Steven Laifer, Cresskill Bob and Jo Conger, Park Ridge SOCIETY: $5,000+ Be the first

4 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society Every donation counts We thank Eleanor Roth Will you help? and her son Bob for their PREVIOUS CAMPAIGN: longtime support! Calvin Coolidge School, Wyckoff Roosevelt School, (Mary Miller) Ramsey Historical Association River Edge Averil L. Genton,Woodridge Demarest Middle School George and Phebe Banta, (Miss Caitlin Carroll) Demarest Poughkeepsie, NY Cliffside Park School 4 Stephen Flagg, M.D. of Hamden, CT (Christie Giancola) Mark and Linda Stovall, Cresskill Cliffside Park Judith VanBuskirk, Wayne, PA Gibbs Elementary School, William and Judith Joyce, Paramus New Milford Albert and Jeanne Dib, Hackensack Berkely Street Elementary (Patricia Aufiero) New Milford William Romaine, Irvington, NY Country Road School, Demarest Nicholas Voorhis, Jr, NM Luther Less Emerson Stuart Schneider, Oradell (Gladys Grossman), Demarest Rose Harvey, Delhi, Ontario. Eleanor Roth, Bergenfield Donations made in Memory of Mahwah Museum Society, Mahwah Albert (Gus) and Jeanne (Mann) Eric Newman in honor of Newman: Albert and Jeanne Newman, YMCA of Greater Bergen County Hackensack Kelly Family of Hackensack W. John Oddie, Teaneck Dowd Family of Livingston Kwilos Famiy Teresa Wright, Newton Friends and Colleagues of James Devine, Waldwick Lois (Maggie) Newman at Carol Greene, Mahwah NORC at the University of Chicago Martin and Eleanor Gruber, Ridgewood Lawrence Newman of Florida Todd Post, Arlington, VA Bobek and Pierson Families Edward Schreyer, River Edge of Hackensack The Holland Society of NY & NJ Griffith Family of Hawthorne Priscilla Stahl, CT Grambone Family of Hawthorne Wallace Family of Sarnac Lake, NY Robert and Florence Jennes, Teaneck Schoonmaker Family of Hackensack Mike Trepicchio, Teaneck Donations were made in Memory of Frederick P. Schmidt, Oradell Gail Goldstein Julia Van Haaften, NYC Weinberg Family Barbara Marchant, Leonia of Teaneck and Kevin Tremble, Tenafly others. James Mullins, VA $1,000 and up donation includes you on a commemorative plaque in the new building If you think I missed including you here, please advise me by email for the next newsletter: [email protected]

Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 5 The Means of Saving the Army The real person who warned the garrison of Fort Lee by Past BCHS President Todd Braisted

Few things in Bergen County smaller HMS Tartar Revolutionary War History draw more sailed successfully debate than who it was that warned through these defenses the garrison of Fort Lee that the British in October 1776, much had crossed the Hudson and were on to the dismay of the garrisons in the their way to attack them. Legend and forts. Further probes of the river proved lore have often been brought to the equally fruitless in defending against, front as facts, often because the stories and in one instance at least was deadly have been told so many times they have for the defenders, as referenced in this simply been accepted as such. This newspaper account from Rhode Island: aspect of the story was indeed just In discharging a Cannon at some one more controversy of the invasion, of the Enemy’s Ships, that were, added to: Where did the British actually on the 5th Instant, endeavouring land? Who were the three guides for to pass Fort Lee, at New-York, Cornwallis? And was the Kearney house it missed Fire, when the brave really “Cornwallis’ Headquarters?” (though very young) the intrepid, We are fortunate that historians and the gallant, Capt. Hardy such as John Spring and Eric Nelsen Peirce, of this , stepping have stepped forward in our lifetime nimbly before it, to give Orders, to examine the true facts of some it, on a Sudden, went off, when he of these events, often at the risk of received the whole Charge in his heated arguments or worse. One of Body, which put a Period to his the reasons I have always respected the Existance. 1 Bergen County Historical Society is During the period of July through its fundamental desire to seek, accept November, particularly during the last and support the truth of real history, eight weeks or so, thousands of troops, even at the risk of not supporting Continentals, Flying Camp and Militia, popular legend. Perhaps the last legend either passed through the fort, built or unresolved from the invasion is that defended it. At its height, over 3,600 which is the subject of this article. officers and men occupied the works Fort Lee in November 1776 was a and environs of Fort Lee. 2 Some of post with little future ahead of it. Often the troops remained in garrison for an described as two distinct posts, Fort Lee extended period, but most moved over and Fort Constitution (the former the to the New York side, either to garrison redoubt located in what is now the town Fort Washington or join Washington’s of Fort Lee; the latter the batteries along Army. the cliffs where the historic park lies), The fort and batteries were built this work acted in conjunction with Fort upon the property of Mr. Peter Washington, located on the opposite Bourdet, who ran a ferry at the base side of the Hudson, diagonally to the of the Palisades. Although Bourdet north. Ships sunk in the river would was sympathetic to the Rebel cause, theoretically channel British warships one of the ferry operators there into an area where the guns of both forts certainly was not. Isaac Perkins of would prevent their advancing further English Neighbourhood, who owned up-river. The Royal Navy frigates a pettiauger (a common Phoenix and Roebuck along with the small vessel) to “ply” the ferry across the

6 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society river, would be one of Cornwallis’ guides Brigade and the Maryland Flying Camp on his invasion. 3 joined the garrison, having crossed After the British victory at the the river earlier with Washington. Battle of White Plains on 28 October These corps probably swelled Greene’s 1776, Washington led the bulk of his command to somewhere between army across the Hudson and down 2,500-3,000 officers and men, to which to Bergen County to await the next could be added Colonel Ebenezer moves of the British. Establishing Williams’ regiment of Connecticut his headquarters in Hackensack, he Militia, which lay in the adjacent English left Major General Nathanael Greene Neighbourhood. in charge of Fort Lee. Greene on 13 With his November 1776 had twelve regiments numbers and one independent company under increasing, his command, with a total of about Greene was 3,500 officers and men present and fit about to for duty under his command. 4 It is at compound this point the strength of the garrison his error of goes into flux, with regiments being sending detached and new regiments arriving over on a daily basis. These troops were 1,600 all Continental or state troops. While officers several Bergen County Militiamen stated and they were in garrison at the post when men Fort Washington was taken, none stated to they were there when the British invaded certain New Jersey. Indeed, the last return doom, by mustering more units to make of troops at Fort Lee that explicitly the journey to cross the Hudson. Isaac mentions the Bergen County Militia Clinkenbeard, a soldier in Captain there was at the end of September. An Andrew Hines’ Company of the examination of numerous pension Maryland Flying Camp, had arrived applications shows these men were in Fort Lee on 15 November 1776. He primarily involved in constructing the recalled the next morning, that of the fort, which would correspond with the attack, his regiment was formed “with earlier time period. the intention to cross over to fort The attack on Fort Washington, Washington, but there we were met which occurred on 16 November 1776, by General George Washington, who was clearly an incident forever etched ordered that no more troops should in the memory of not only those who cross over.” 5 Lt. John Longstreth, also took part in it, but those who witnessed of Captain Hines’ Company, recalled it from across the river. Major General that he and his men “expected to cross Greene had sent the better part of six the river early in the morning to assist regiments from Fort Lee across the at the Battle of Fort Washington, whilst river to aid Colonel Magaw in taking a little Breakfast, an armed vessel the defense of Fort Washington. Greene held back one man in five Visit our website for events, articles from each of the corps he sent over, and messageboard. most likely to tend to their camps www.bergencountyhistory.org and baggage, but it left him briefly Are you receiving BCHS email blasts? If not with just over 500 privates at Fort and would like to, please email me at: Lee present and fit for duty. That [email protected] ended within forty eight hours, — D. Powell as the regiments of Heard’s NJ

Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 7 came up the river, took command of George Owrey who later recalled his the Ferry prevented our crossing; Fort terrifying experience: “I was Stationed at Washington was taken that day in our Fort Washington under Colonel Magaw view…” 6 George Shall, a soldier in and when the Fort was Surrendered Colonel Michael Swope’s Regiment of made my escape across the River the Flying Camp, recalled to Fort Lee, in company with some either the same incident, or a similar one others, where I joined again my own happening the previous day. Swope’s Regiment under Colonel Broadhead. corps was one of those sent over to Fort As we crossed the Hudson River from Washington a few days earlier by Greene; Fort Washington the British fired upon Shall had been sent back on the 14th us and one small cannon Shot passed or 15th with a few other men to deliver through our Boat. Some of us Stuffed dispatches. Shall recalled “The next day our Clothes we were ordered to parade to cross the into the river, when Gen. Washington rode up & hole and asked what we were paraded for, & being others bailed told it was for the purpose of crossing the water to the island, forbade it, & said he was with their sorry so many had already gone over for Hats…”10 they would probably be lost. The next One young day was the battle & Capture of Fort New Yorker Washington.” 7 The incident described and his by Shall was probably the same as that family had related by Clinkenbeard and Longstreth, already only altered by the passage of time. made the Not all the troops at Fort Lee crossing. remained passive while Fort Washington Benjamin was under attack. Thomas Jones, a Romaine, soldier in the Maryland Flying Camp whose later noted “Ge[enera]l Bells regiment family fired cannon and threw bombs across would settle the North river at the British while they in Bergen County and he himself take were attacking the Fort [Washington] – up arms for the United States, described but the distance was too great for them their ordeal: “In or about the month to take Effect.” 8 Daniel Parkison of of August 1776 my Father, mother Colonel Frederick Watts’ battalion of the and myself fled from this City to Fort Pennsylvania Flying Camp “assisted in Washington, a few miles above on the drawing up upon a Rock they called Fort Hudson River. On the approach of the Constitution two 36 Pounders, there was enemy, we crossed the Hudson to Fort some small cannon and a bomb, I think Lee, on the opposite shore, while the the cannon were to annoy the British cannon balls were flying over our heads, vessels on the North River; we used from Fort Lee, directed at the enemy’s the 36s against the British when they ships, which were endeavouring to marched against Fort Washington.” 9 ascend the river in aid of the storming For the troops at Fort Washington, Fort Washington.” 11 the British and attack was very The refugees above described were quick and in the end, unstoppable. not the only ones on the water that Some, not wishing to surrender with the day. Nathanael Greene, along with garrison made their way to the water’s Washington and other senior officers edge in an attempt to flee across the had been ferried over from Fort Lee the river. Amongst them was Pennsylvanian morning of the battle. Greene, feeling

8 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society “mad, vext, sick and sorry” the next small arm fire of the lines and day, described the harrowing details to sent in a flagg – and the Garrison Colonel Henry Knox of the Artillery: cappitulated in an hour. 12 Yesterday morning General The Battle of Fort Washington had Washington, General Putnam, ended; the battle to take Fort Lee was General Mercer and myself went about to begin. to the Island to determine what With the loss of Fort Washington, was best to be done – but Just there was little strategic need for Fort at the instant we stept on board Lee, but neither was there apprehended the Boat the Enemy made their a rapid need to abandon it. Washington appearance on the Hill where had established his headquarters at the Monday action was – and Hackensack with part of his army13; an began a severe Cannonade with additional guard occupied New Bridge, several field pieces – our Guards carefully watching the comings and soon fled, the Enemy advanced goings of the inhabitants. Bergen would up to the second line, this was become known by the Continental done while we were crossing troops (and even the state’s governor) the River and geting upon the as the “disaffected” county for the Hill. The Enemy made several large number of Loyalist inhabitants marches to the right and to the living there. Guards from the fort were certainly on the watch for any friends to left I suppose to reconnoiter the the King making their way to the British, fortifications and lines. There as evidenced in this extract of a letter we all stood in a very awkward written from Fort Lee on 13 November situation, as the disposition was 1776: made and the Enemy advancing Last night I went tory hunting we durst not attempt to make any with a party of 50 men, but the new disposition – indeed we saw birds had flown before we arrived; nothing amiss. We all urged his however, we were repaid by a Excellency to come off – I offered sight of the enemy’s encampment, to stay, General Putnam did the whose fires being very numerous, same and so did General Mercer, and greatly extended, exhibited a but his Excellency thought it best delightful appearance. for us all to come off together – I was just now interrupted by which we did about half an hour the sergeant of the guard we before the Enemy surrounded the left at the river side opposite to fort. The Enemy came up Harlam the ships. He informs me, they River and landed at Party at Head have taken a red hot tory coming Quarters which was upon the from the enemy’s vessels, so back of our People in the lines, a our expedition was not entirely disorderly retreat soon took place fruitless. 14 without much fireing the People These patrols and detachments from retreated into the fort. On the the fort would be key over the coming north side of the fort there was few days. The return of 14 November a very heavy fire for a long while 1776 shows “1 Captain, 2 1st Lieutenants, – and as they had the advantage 2 2nd Lieutenants, 2 Ensigns, 6 Sargeants, of the ground – I apprehend 10 Drums & Fifes, [and] 145 Privates” the Enemies loss must be great. scattered on guards at Bergen, Hobuck, After the Troops retreated in the Bull’s Ferry, Hackensack and “opposite fort very few Guns was fired, Spiten Devil.” 15 It is this last-mentioned the Enemy approached within guard post that will be the focus of our continued on page 10 Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 9 attention. Years of research have tracked Washington correctly realized the down 68 veterans from the war that situation and announced his intentions were present at Fort Lee the day of the to Congress on the 19th of November: invasion. These veterans submitted As Fort Lee was always pension applications to the United States considered, as only necessary government, typically in 1818 or 1832, in conjunction with that on the depending upon their circumstances. East side of the River, to preserve Some accounts were mere mentions, the communication across, & to such as Rowland Cotton of the 20th prevent the Enemy from a free Continental Regiment, who recalled navigation, It has become of no being stationed at Fort Lee “until the importance by the loss of the general Retreat of the army through the other, or not so material as to State of New Jersey to the Pennsylvania 17 employ a force for its defence. Shore…” There are a handful though Being viewed in this, light and who provided rich details, which we will apprehending that the Stores examine now. there would be precariously The first thing that strikes you when situated, their removal has been reading the accounts is the confusion determined on, to Boundbrook, that must have reigned by the common, above Brunswic, Prince Town, young soldiers. Jonathan Clayton, a Springfield & Acquackinac Bridge, Monmouth County soldier in Forman’s Regiment of Heard’s Brigade recalled as places that will not be subject “while at Fort Lee the British army to sudden danger in case the landed both above & below them, & were Enemy should pass the River, & permitted to take the Fort without much which have been thought proper, resistance.” 18 Obviously, history shows as repositories for our Stores of 16 there was no landing below Fort Lee, Provision & Forage. but this is an excellent example of the Washington had the correct plan. rumors and fears that no doubt spread But having just started hauling away that day, and in some cases believed for stores within the previous 48 hours, he years afterwards. Another incorrect was too late. assumption or memory that carried Sir William Howe, commander in on for years was that the fort knew the chief of the British Army in America, has British were coming from their breakfast been criticized in history for moving too cook-fires! This tale was told by slowly during the New York Campaign. Mahlon Pitney, a Morris County soldier His movement on Fort Lee however has in Ephraim Martin’s Regiment: “one never been a part of that assessment. morning we Saw a large Smoke Rising On the night of the 19th, soon after two or three miles up the River & our Washington announced his intention to Lighthorseman Said it was the British evacuate Fort Lee, eleven battalions of cooking there Breakfast. Immediately British & Hessian troops, totaling 5,000 there was a council of of [sic] officers men in two divisions, embarked on held on horseback with Washington in board flat boats and slipped out north the center and we were ordered to march from Spuyten Duyvil Creek towards the without delay.” Aside from the fact that west bank of the Hudson. The invasion the British had marched with cooked was begun. But who actually would warn rations and didn’t build giant bonfires to the garrison, and what was the scene like heat a meal, Washington never made it to on that autumn morning? Using the Fort Lee that day. 19 accounts of those that were actually there The best clue as to at least what on the scene, we now have a reasonably type of person warned the garrison clear picture. comes from Thomas Paine, who wrote 10 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society in The American Crisis that “an officer working on the assumption they set off arrived with information that the enemy immediately upon their discovery of the with 200 boats had landed about seven British. Someone else, almost certainly miles above.” If it was an officer, it was on horseback, had already warned the then most likely to have been one of garrison. at least seven officers detailed as being The two great myths and legends detached on guard. With the increase of who warned the garrison of Fort Lee of the garrison after the date of that center around a young slave girl named final return, there is the possibility the Polly Wyckoff, and an unidentified number of guards was correspondingly “countryman” from Closter. The legends increased. Frederick F. Van Liew, a still regrettably are told and written as Somerset soldier in Heard’s Brigade, fact, Polly Wyckoff’s most recently by was indeed one of the guards north of David Hackett Fischer’s The Crossing and the fort and discovered the British, as he before him (and whom Fischer cited) describes it: Arthur Lefkowitz in The Long Retreat. Deponent…was made Second Ignoring the fact there was no one in Sergeant, and sent out with a Bergen County at the time named Polly guard up the river about three Wyckoff, these authors also ignored miles. About day break deponent Paine’s observation that the garrison discovered the River full of boats was warned by an officer. The “Closter of Brittish and as they landed Countryman” was an invention of the deponent with his men fired 20th Century and not based on any and immediately run for Fort actual facts of the landing. If Thomas Lee. When we came to the Fort, Paine was correct in his observation, the Washington had left the Fort with officer who warned Fort Lee has now his army, for Hackensack in New most likely been found. Jersey, and only about seventy John Clifford was born 10 January men remained at the Fort of 1749 in Bethlehem , Hunterdon straggling appearance, drinking County. At the time the war broke out, liquor that was left by the Sutlers. he was living in Pittstown, in Kingwood Township, and was later commissioned a Deponent and his men filled their lieutenant in Captain Houten’s Company cantines & left the Fort and went of Colonel Philip Johnson’s battalion after the army, and overtook them of Brigadier General Nathaniel Heard’s on the hights near Hackensack Brigade of New Jersey State Troops. town, and remained their over 20 With his battalion he fought at the Battle night. of Long Island, where his colonel was If Van Liew’s distance was relatively killed. The corps was evacuated to New accurate, that would have put him in the York City with the rest of Washington’s northern part of present-day Englewood Army, then north to Fort Washington Cliffs. He and his guard would have before proceeding with the army to seen the boats on their way north to the White Plains. After the battle there on Lower Closter Dock. His mention of 28 October 1776, in which Clifford took firing muskets would not have been to part, Washington, the brigade, and other harm the British (the muskets would corps crossed the river and headed south, have been hopelessly out of range) but some to Fort Lee, others to Hackensack. rather in the hopes that the sound would Clifford and Heard’s Brigade headed to alarm the garrison. Significantly, he Fort Lee. notes that by the time he and his guard Lieutenant Clifford appears to have had gotten there, the garrison was gone. been one of the officers of the guard The time it would have taken to get to laying at an outpost north of Fort Lee. the fort probably would have been in the range of 45-60 minutes, but no more, continued on page 12 Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 11 Exactly where is not known. When dawn 7 June 1832, which provided for most broke, Clifford must have rubbed his veterans, regardless of their current eyes at the sight of flat boats crossing financial situation and establishment from Philip’s house, transporting 5,000 of service. 22 One pension application troops under Lord Cornwallis. If he was led to another, which gave more names in the area where Sergeant Van Liew and and led to another, which… There are his post was, he would have been located thousands more pension applications 3-4 miles south of Lower Closter Dock, to go through. Who knows what close enough to peer up the river from fascinating secrets they may hold? the Palisades and view the impending In our next installment: the danger. Clifford quietly recorded the aftermath of Clifford’s discovery. Was event in his 1832 pension application: there an actual confrontation between “The ennemy landed on the Same Side the retreating army and Cornwallis’s that we was, he was officer of the guard forces? Washington wrote on the 21st and by Strict watching discovered them that the “retreat was secured.” But did when he pressed a Horse and gave the armies in fact meet? Tune in next Genl. Green information immediately, time… which was of very essential service to the army, we then retreated under Todd W. Braisted Genl. Washington threw the State of Past President BCHS New Jersey…” The pressing of a horse March 29, 2011 refers basically to taking by force or coercion a horse from an inhabitant’s 1 The Freeman’s Journal or New-Hampshire Gazette farm. This part of the story may actually (Portsmouth,) November 26, 1776, republishing a be incorporated in the legends of Polly piece from a Providence newspaper of November 5, Wyckoff and the Closter Countryman. 1776. Clifford, as an officer in the state troops, 2 “Return of Troops in General Green’s Division, would have had no uniform, and as English Neighbourhood Sept. 29 1776.” Record such might easily be described by some Group M246, Revolutionary War Rolls, RG 93, Reel 137, Folder 7-7, No. 59, National Archives and Records as “a countryman.” But of importance Administration. (Hereafter cited as NARA.) to historians… did anyone support 3 Perkins’ vessel was worth either £ 40, £ 50 or £ 55 Clifford’s claim? Yes. currency. It later sunk while transporting some of Jacob Anderson was a soldier under the captured stores from Fort Lee. “Evidence on Clifford’s command in 1776. On 28 the Claim of Isaac Perkins, late of Hackensack, New August 1832, he testified before Judge Jersey,” Saint John, New Brunswick, 8 February 1787. Benjamin Egbert that the British Audit Office, Class 12, Volume 16, Pages 267-268, “Landed in a few days on the Same Great Britain, The National Archives. side of the River we were and John 4 “A Return of the Forces encamp’d on the Jersey Shore Commanded by Major Genl. Greene, Nov. 13, 1776.” Clifford was officer of the Guard and by Record Group M246, Revolutionary War Rolls, RG 93, Strict watching discovered them who Reel 137, Folder 7-7, No. 61, NARA. immediately pressed a Horse and gave 5 Pension Application of Isaac Clinkenbeard. M-804, Geln. Green information, which was Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, MD/VA thought was the means of Saving the S15380, NARA. Army at that time…” 21 6 Pension Application of John Longstreth. M-804, The process of finding Clifford as Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, No. the mysterious officer took years of S23778, NARA. searching through thousands of pension 7 Pension Application of George Shall. M-804, Pension applications. Starting in 1818, the and Bounty Land Application Files, No. S7493, NARA. United States government provided for 8 Pension Application of Thomas Jones. M-804, some of the veterans of the country’s Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, No. S2655, NARA. founding. Clifford’s particular pension was administered under a law passed 9 “36 Pounder” refers to the weight of shot fired by a Footnotes continued on page 17 12 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society BCHS EVENTS & PROGRAMS Fall 2011 LECTURE PROGRAM: The Roebling Legacy in Bergen: Building the Great Cables of the George Washington Bridge • Thursday, Sept 15 @ 7:30 pm The cables and choiring strings, Hart Crane salutes in “To Brooklyn Bridge,” were made in Trenton, where a humble truss bridge over the Delaware still unhumbly claims TRENTON MAKES, THE WORLD TAKES. Since the main cables and suspension ropes for two other great American bridges were made by John A. Roebling’s Sons, not to mention the elevator ropes used in the world’s most famous skyscraper, the world also has “taken” what Fortune magazine called “the vitals” of the George Washington, the Golden Gate, and the Empire State Building. Clifford W. Zink elaborately documents and illustrates it in The Roebling Legacy (Princeton Landmark Publications $50). Mr. Zink, who grew up in Westwood and graduated from Bergen Catholic High School, will speak on the great cables of the GWB. Mr. Zink made a donation of his book for our library. LECTURE PROGRAM LOCATION Unless otherwise noted, all lecture programs are held at the Second Reformed Church, corner of Anderson and Union St, Hackensack on the third Thursday of the month at 7:30 pm. The public is invited to attend. Second Reformed Church, 436 Union St Hackensack. DOCENT & INTERPRETER MEETING: Wednesdays, Sept 21 & Oct 19 @ 7:30 pm Meet at the to learn the history of New Bridge Landing and how you can contribute We rely on interested volunteers to open Historic New Bridge Landing. EVENT: Baron von Steuben and his Jersey Estate at Historic New Bridge Landing. Sunday, Sept 25, 1-5 pm The Bergen County Historical Society will honor Major-General Friedrich Wilhelm Baron von Steuben at Historic New Bridge Landing, 1201-1209 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661. Re-enactors of the Third NJ Regiment (aka Jersey Blues) will demonstrate military dress and skills of the American Revolution. Displaying Jersey artifacts and furnishings, the Steuben and Demarest Houses will be open to visitors. Refreshments and a gift shop are available in the Campbell-Christie House, a restored tavern house dating back to 1774. A Jersey Dutch Out Kitchen will demonstrate culinary arts of the period. At 4 PM, historian Kevin Wright will speak in the Steuben House on Baron von Steuben and his Jersey Estate, emphasizing his significant contribution to the training and organization of the American army. Takes place at HNBL, 1201-1209 Main Street, River Edge, NJ. AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR ROUNDTABLE: Tuesday, Sept 27 & Oct 25 Where are meetings held? The Iron Horse. Westwood, N.J. Open to the public? Yes, definitely. What time? Come between 6:00 and 6:30 PM for conversation and fellowship. Meals? Optional dinners costing $20, including gratuity. Advance reservations? Not required. Admission charges or dues? Not required. Questions? Contact Chairman David Whieldon at 201-967-7692. Sept 27: War of Outposts: British attack on Hackensack, Paramus (Ridgewood), and Hopperstown (Ho-ho-kus) on March 23, 1780. Presented by historians Dr. Henry Bischoff, Todd Braisted, Peggy Norris, Deborah Powell, Joseph Suplicki and Kevin Wright. LECTURE PROGRAM: Hudson River Lighthouses • Thursday, Oct 20 @ 7:30 pm Henry Hudson explored the river that now bears his name in 1609. The arrival of the steamboat 200 years later, and the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, made the Hudson one of America’s busiest rivers. From 1826 until the middle of the 20th century, more than a dozen lighthouses guided ships past its islands and shallows. Second Reformed Church, 436 Union St, Hackensack. EVENT: Harvest Homecoming • Saturday, Oct 22 @ 6:30–9:30 pm This All Hallow’s Eve event will feature a photographic exhibit entitled, “A Restless Heritage,” to highlight Bergen County cemeteries and old burial grounds, which bear silent witness to those who made our history. Speakers will discuss preservation efforts surrounding endangered family-farm burying yards. Donation, Adults $7, Ch $5, BCHS members free. Takes place at HNBL. We’ll be sending out a postcard for Nov & Dec. Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 13 Coytesville Coytesville. They opened a cooperative store, which they took turns running. by BCHS Past President Kevin Wright Joseph Coyte filed a map with the There is something Bergen County Clerk on July 30, 1851, almost cinematically showing the ground between Englewood scripted about the Cliffs and Myrtle Avenue divided into story of Coytesville. building lots, 25-feet in width, on a Shoemakers Joseph simple rectangular street grid. Between Coyte, Jr., and younger 1854 and 1859, while the Northern Valley brother, Benjamin, Railroad was under construction, Coyte immigrated from purchased additional land adjacent to his Devonshire, England, to original hilltop plat. He established his Brooklyn in March 1836. They married own residence, a grocery store and post sisters whom they met aboard ship: office on what is now Westview Place, Joseph, Jr., marrying Ellen Hall and northwest of Hammett Avenue, where his Benjamin marrying her sister, Caroline. uninterrupted view reached purple hills Joseph Coyte, Senior, a 48-year-old on the western horizon. He also kept a widower and shoemaker, arrived eight summer boarding house, known as the months later with his youngest offspring. Woodland Hotel, distant only a mile and Father and sons purchased a desolate a half from Fort Lee Landing. In 1867, strip of land atop the Palisades near the Joseph and Ellen Coyte sold a lot on the village of Fort Lee in 1841. northwest side of First Street to Christian At that time, there were only limitless Rambo, who also opened a hotel. After a views of sublime grandeur to recommend while, the original founders grew tired of the spot. From this craggy perch, an being storekeepers and John H. Williams eagle’s eye can scan the sleepless canyons bought out the business, but even he of Manhattan. Westward, Overpeck ultimately returned to shoemaking. Creek glided like a silver snake through Jonathan S. Stiger took over management bulrush meadows. Despite proximity of Coyte’s hotel, situated between to the burgeoning metropolis, an oak- Linwood Avenue and Short Street, south and-chestnut forest, interspersed with of Maple Street, which was renamed the hemlock, cloaked the Palisades Ridge, Linwood House. north of the ruins of the Revolutionary The nearest station on the Northern War earthworks. Into this wilderness Valley Railroad was inconveniently stepped a band of urban footwear situated at the bottom of the steep manufacturers—they came not only to western slope. To give impetus to the gather tanbark from the rocky heights, fledgling settlement, Joseph Coyte joined but also skins and hides from valley other speculators in 1864 in forming the farms, ferrying finished leather to their Palisades Railway Company. With dreams shoe shop across the Hudson River. When of selling town lots on the rocky summit Joseph Coyte, Senior, died in 1847, he for fabulous prices, backers proposed was buried at the True Reformed Church laying track along the summit of the on Grand Avenue and Prospect Street in Palisades from Weehawken to Alpine. Leonia. On March 15, 1889, however, the Bergen County Democrat noted that cancellation Village founder of the improbable project “consecrates Four years later, his son and to wilderness for sometime longer about namesake, Joseph Coyte, Jr., joined the only really wild spot that is left in John Henry Williams and other English the neighborhood of New York. This immigrants, nearly all shoemakers, in strip of land on top of the Palisades from clearing land and laying out the Village of 14 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society about opposite 100th where some Street, to and for many preferred miles beyond Fort Lee, annexation to is more desolate and Englewood Cliffs, unimproved than many residents of places hundreds of miles Fort Lee decided from any city, although upon boundaries almost every front foot conforming to of it commands a view “the present of New York City and school district,” vicinity that is one of thereby excluding the finest sights in the Coytesville and country. Lack of means Taylorsville. In of transit has not only response, Coytesville kept the section from residents met at developing, but has Rambo’s Hall on actually caused its December 3, 1903, to abandonment to a protest formation of certain extent, so that a excluding now there are to be them. With the found in the depth of temperature dipping woods at the ends of near zero, they again roads overgrown with young trees ruins rallied at their Engine of what were once fine mansions.” Some, House on December 15, 1903, to raise however, did find gold in the trap rock of funds to defray the cost of borough the Palisades, blasting away at this scenic formation. Chairman Fremont C. Lyons natural wonder for Belgian blocks to pave recalled how when Englewood grabbed city streets. By 1889, quarries employed part of Coytesville, he alone went to between 150 and 250 stonecutters in Trenton to resist. Coytesville joined in the removing sixteen to twenty thousand formation of the Borough of Fort Lee in paving blocks daily from the cliff face. March 1904. In the end, the only savings Joseph Coyte was buried at Woodland proved to be the cost of salaries paid to Cemetery in Englewood Cliffs on former Township Committeemen, since September 4, 1889, under a granite Councilmen were not permitted by law obelisk identifying him as “Founder to draw a salary. of Coytesville, N.J.” Finally, on May 6, French chef John Richards opened a 1895, the North Hudson County Railway popular lunchroom on the cliff’s edge, extended their electric double trolley off Hudson Terrace, in 1909, called line from Fort Lee to Coytesville. The Villa Richard. Later known as Ben Hackensack Gas & Electric Company Marden’s Riviera, it was destroyed by fire first supplied the village with electricity in November 1936. Other Coytesville in 1899. landmarks from the early twentieth century included the Park Hotel on Boroughitis Myrtle Avenue, W. Cook & Son’s Book On January 14, 1899, the Fort Lee Bindery on 8th Street, the First Reformed Taxpayers’ Association, headed by piano Church on 4th Street, St. Steven’s manufacturer John C. Abbott, protested Episcopal Church on 5th Street, Holy against boundaries proposed for the Trinity Church at Lemoine and Myrtle new borough of Palisades Park. Facing Avenues, and the Casino with its bowling opposition from citizens of Coytesville,

Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 15 alley and dance hall on Washington role in “The Girl and the Outlaw,” also Avenue, between 2nd and 3rd Streets. filmed in Coytesville, “a town which was the scene of most all the sensational Picture Town western dramas until about three years Capitalizing on rugged scenery and ago, and this in spite of the fact that it quaint streetscapes—all within easy was almost impossible to make a scene ferriage of New York City— pioneers of that even remotely resembled the West.” the early motion-picture industry flocked She complained, “There was always a to Coytesville. On December 30, 1912, telephone pole around close enough to the Evening Post described Coytesville come within range of the camera, which as “one of the centers of the picture- was never discovered until after the scene making industry,” noting, “in the streets had been photographed.” Embarrassingly, of this little town on the Palisades of the the finished print of this particular Hudson, such stirring events as battles, Western showed “some perfectly lovely sieges, murders, highway robberies, and well pruned maple trees on the slopes and the like, are regarded by the blasé of the towering mountain.” inhabitants as the paltriest of every-day events … Almost everything that has ever Actors and film crews daily crossed happened, no matter in what time or the Hudson River by ferry. While most clime, has happened (cinematographically actors and actresses made $5 per day, true speaking) at Coytesville…Often a house stars of the silver screen were paid $300 catches fire in one of the streets of a week. The Champion Film Company Coytesville, but no one gets very alarmed, (predecessor to Universal Studios) built and no particular excitement is caused the Buffalo Moving Picture Factory when some youth dashes through the in 1909 on Fifth Street in Englewood doorway and rescues a distressed damsel Cliffs—it survives as the oldest movie from the devouring flames.” studio in the United States. Samuel Goldwyn, William Fox and Carl Laemmle Placing a few palm trees around also established studios in Coytesville or a particular house with an attractive Fort Lee. According to Florence Lawrence, stucco front was all that was needed to film manufacturers eventually traded create a Mexican atmosphere. Writing Coytesville for the “continuous sunshine for Woman’s Magazine in 1928, Gene and an infinite variety of background” Gauntier recalled how Rambo’s Hotel available in southern California. “served as a New England tavern, for many a western saloon, for Civil War In 1915, Fort Lee, including recruiting stations, and dozens of Coytesville, was home to 5,288 other sets.” Starting in 1907, the Kalem inhabitants, residing in 1,002 dwellings. Company paid a dollar for a dressing Italians (533) comprised the largest room, fifty cents for a hot dinner and ethnic group, followed by Germans (377), nothing at all for use of exteriors and English (127) and Irish (118). Coytesville props. Director D. W. Griffith soon residents included young men and women appeared on the scene, escalating costs by employed in motion-picture factories paying $25 for the use of a house exterior as well as unknown actors, actresses and and $2 for each room. Griffith filmed The bit-players. George Overbury “Pop” Hart Call of the Wild and The Taming of the (1868-1933), Van Dearing Perrine (1869- Shrew in Coytesville in 1908. 1955), Robert MacKay and landscapist Samuel A. Weiss formed an artists’ colony In 1915, Florence Lawrence, an in the scenic hilltop village. American actress for the American Mutoscope and cartoonist George Price (1901-1995) was Biograph Company, spoke of her starring born there. With 500 viewers watching in

16 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society Saving an Army, continued from page 18 Philosophy Hall at New York University particular gun. This would be a very large artillery on August 13, 1928, radio station WRNY, piece. The area described by Parkison is where Fort broadcasting from Coytesville, became Lee Historic Park now stands. Pension Application of the first standard station in America to Daniel Parkison. M-804, Pension and Bounty Land transmit a television image. Application Files, No. S18542, NARA. 10 Pension Application of George Owrey. M-804, Work on the George Washington Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, No. Bridge, including three major arterial S17613, NARA. highways, Kevin has a blog on 11 Pension Application of Benjamin Romaine. commenced Collection M-804, Pension and Bounty Land in 1927. By the Riverdell Patch. BCHS Application Files, No. W18839, NARA. time it opened member Phyllis Dunsay is 12 Greene to Knox, Fort Lee, 17 November 1776. No. in October GLC02437.00488, The Gilder Lehrman Collection at noted as saying “Thank you the New-York Historical Society. 1931, whole for this interesting article. neighborhoods 13 Exactly how many men were at Hackensack is not I learn something new known. In all likelihood it was not considerable. In a and old routes letter from Washington to Congress on 19 November, of travel everyday”. he noted that the troops at Fort Lee would soon have vanished. With http://riverdell.patch.com/ their enlistments expire, leaving him with Haslet’s the onset of Delaware Regiment, Hand’s 1st Continental Regiment, some remnants of Smallwood’s Marylanders, and the Great Depression, Fort Lee faced some corps arriving from Virginia. The first three extensive foreclosures on over a million were probably those with him at Hackensack. Papers dollars in real estate investments and of the Continental Congress, M247, Reel 167, i152, improvements, forcing the borough Volume 3, Pages 265-268, NARA. to refinance delinquent bonds and 14 The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser to dispose of property to developers. (Philadelphia), November 20, 1776. Coytesville lost about five-sixths of 15 “Return of Detachments and Out Guards furnish’d its public square when the Palisades from Fort Lee Novr. 14 1776.” Record Group M246, Revolutionary War Rolls, RG 93, Reel 137, Folder 7-7, Interstate Parkway was constructed No. 62, NARA. in 1954 between Hudson Terrace and 16 Washington to Congress, Hackensack, 19 November the Palisades cliff. Previously, the park 1776. Papers of the Continental Congress, M247, Reel boasted sidewalks leading to an outlook 167, i152, Volume 3, Pages 265-268, NARA. point along the cliff and was furnished 17 Pension Application of Rowland Cotton. M-804, with a cannon, a flagpole and benches. Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, No. S11170, NARA. As early as 1876, observers found 18 Pension Application of Jonathan Clayton. M-804, Fort Lee “uniquely interesting; for its Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, No. quaint and varied architecture, its mixed S16717, NARA. native and foreign population with their 19 Pension Application of Mahlon Pitney. M-804, busy enterprise, its original literary and Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, No. professional characters, its romantic and S1080, NARA. picturesque surroundings, its important 20 Pension Application of Frederick F. Van Liew. M-804, situation on the Hudson, and its Pension and Bounty Land Application Files, No. Revolutionary history.” The same can be S23035, NARA. 21 Pension Application of John Clifford. M-804, Pension said today of this “uniquely interesting” and Bounty Land Application Files, No. S970, NARA. spot as new waves of immigration reshape the character and appearance of 22 The 1818 law was only open to destitute veterans who had served in the . v the shoemakers’ cooperative village atop the cliffs, remaking Picture Town in their Todd Braisted’s own image and likeness. v Loyalist Studies Website: Perils of Pauline Poster found on eBay. www.royalprovincial.com New Book: Loyalist Corps

Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 17 Delford Lady Gardners Beth Colombini and Cathy Davis, are co-founders of Delford Lady Gardeners. This year they took on doing the tavern garden by the Campbell-Christie House. You should see the size of the corn! Beth and Cathy also grew hops, squash, sunflowers, lavendar, hyssop, camomile, fox glove and bergomot. If you would like to make a contribution, they have a Donation Watering Can at Delford Flowers & Gifts, 856 Kinderkamack Rd, River Edge. They also do the “Shelter Our Sisters Memorial Garden” at Van Saun Park. Join them on facebook or email: [email protected]. v Lafayette Button Donation Button Collector Ann Wilson donated two Lafayette Presentation Buttons along with related books at an event last spring where we featured items from the BCHS collection related to Lafayette. Ann exhibited her own button collection commemorating Lafayette’s return visit in 1824-25. Stuart Schneider exhibited his collection of ribbons. He, Ann and Kevin Wright gave talks on Lafayette. Ann Wilson also is active with the Mount Tabor Historical Society. They have their annual house tour Sept 24, 2011, which is well worth seeing. v

18 Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society President’s letter continued from page 1 library in space generously donated by a most considerate corporate benefactor. Thanks to Peg Norris, Steve Weigl, Joe Suplicki and Bill Farrelly, and especially to Deborah Powell for making arrangements—the new space is clean and ready to receive our collections, once a certificate of occupancy is granted. We may also have to relocate our stored collections there later this fall. Since we cannot remain peripatetic forever, our highest priority is to build a safe museum for our significant artifact, library and document collections. Let me again invite you to help in raising $350,000 to accomplish this most worthy task. Just ask yourself—How valuable are the lessons of history? Our fall and winter schedule of lectures and events promises to be interesting and enjoyable. If you are interested in helping us open Historic New Bridge Landing to the public, then join our School of Historical Interpretation at the Steuben House at 7:30 PM on the third Wednesday of each month. We always need volunteers to help at the tavern, the Out Kitchen, the Gift Shop, the Library, and as Living History presenters or docents. Again, we value your membership and look forward to seeing you soon. v Mike Trepicchio, BCHS President The Kiosk, the QR Code and the App Visitor Experience at HNBL Introducing the new handy Historic For example; “The Steuben New Bridge Landing Walking Tour Hs in the Rev War” or “Did QR Code Mobile App—a website designed for use Steuben really live here?” for HNBL tour on any smart phone. Is this the first NJ historic site mobile app walking tour? I couldn’t find any other in NJ except Morristown’s town app. The code I used advertised it had “enabled assistive technologies.” If anyone has ability to test on such software please advise on how well it works. I can update as needed, no printing Entrance Kiosk on Walkway connecting the 3 Houses to the Parking Lot costs. It is estimated The tour begins with a HNBL Map by one tech watcher image (numbered) with corresponding that 70% of US numbered link list: Prehistory, Steuben will have a “smart Hs, New Bridge, New Bridge Landing, phone” by 2014. I Tidemill, Demarest Hs Museum, had so much fun Campbell-Christie Hs, Barn, Brett Park, creating this app. Out Kitchen, The Meadow, Museum & A QR code (a Library and I Spy Hunt for Kids. short-cut web link for mobile phones via I’ve included a short history, photos & bar code) is now on HNBL site kiosks images of each important site feature at and BCHS website. HNBL. You can drill down to additional We still have a PDF visitors can view history links at the bottom of each page. or print on website. v Deborah Powell Mobile App Link: www.bergencountyhistory.org/mobile/hnbl_tour.html

Bergen County Historical Society Fall 2011 19 Sept 15 Lecture: upcoming Events & Lectures Check Page 13 for The Roeblingin Bergen Legacy Address Service RequestedAddress Service River Edge, NJ 07661 P.O. Box 55 Historical County Bergen Society your membership. Thank you if have renewed, we value membership! ** If there are two stars after your name in the address label, it is time to renew

Fall 2011 Bergen County Historical Society