INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN Volume-7,Issue-5, (May-17) TECHNOLOGY ISSN (O) :- 2349-3585

AN ANALYSIS DIVERSIFICATION OF LAND USE; CASE STUDY OF TALUKS, TAMILNADU, INDIA ______Dr. Pavendar. T1,Mr. Dayalan, N2,Tirumurthi. S3 1Ph.d,2M.Phil, 3M.Tech, Guest Lecturer, Assistance Professor,Department of Geography,Periyar E.V.R College (Auto.),Triuchirappalli-620 023, , India, Senior Research Fellow,Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture,Chennai- 600 028.

ABSTRACT:The earth surface has been modified from land preservation of cultivated land to ensure man‟s food human activity so the land changed to one purpose to other supply[3]. Onkar Singh and Maurya, S.P. (1981) attempted purpose. I have “ANALYSIS DIVERSIFICATION OF to study the progress of agricultural mechanization in Chakia LAND USE; CASE STUDY OF TIRUCHIRAPPALLI development block of Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh[4]. TALUKS, TAMILNADU, INDIA 2007-08 TO 2014- 15” Surendra Singh, (1982) tried to measure the degree of regional from present study. The present study area lies between 10° imbalances based on the potentiality theory, to determine the 15’ and 11° 12’ North latitudes and 78° 10’ and 79° 5’ East stages of agricultural development[5]. longitudes. The study is mainly based on secondary data. In 2.CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS the present study both quantitative and descriptive methods Nine major land use categories have been interpreted from the and cartographic techniques are used the Simple statistical Indian Remote Sensing Agency like that Forest Area, Area calculations. The major land use classified nine categories under Non-agricultural Uses, Barren and Un-cultivable Land, like that Forest Area, Area under Non-agricultural Uses, Permanent Pasture and other Grazing Land, Land under Barren and Un-cultivable Land, Permanent Pasture and Miscellaneous Tree Crops, Cultivable Waste Land, Fallow other Grazing Land, Land under Miscellaneous Tree Crops, Lands other than Current Fallows, Current Fallows and Net Cultivable Waste Land, Fallow Lands other than Current Area Sown. Fallows, Current Fallows and Net Sown area this is all 3.STUDY AREA: categories how many per cent diversification in other land The is an inland district located in the during period on 2007-08 to 2014-15. central segment of the state of Tamilnadu State. The district Key words: Tiruchirappalli, Cultivable land, River, Forest, lies between 10° 15‟ and 11° 12‟ North latitudes and 78° 10‟ Taluks, Lalkudi. and 79° 5‟ East longitudes. Tiruchirappalli district is divided 1.INTRODUCTION: into eight taluks namely , , Musiri, The 19th century, vast portions of the earth's surface have , Sri Rangam, Tiruchirappalli, Thottiam and been modified, whole ecosystem destroyed and global biomes . The district lies in the cauvery plain of India. The altered or vanished. (Fellmann et al 1985). Von Thunen (1926) entire study area except its north eastern portion is in the an economist was the pioneer to initiate studies in the field of Cauvery River basin. The biggest rivers in south India and its agricultural land use[1]. He introduces a theory on location of main branch Coleroon too traverse through its land. The agricultural activities with reference to the concept of rent per district slopes towards east from Eastern Ghats. The district unit area. In the view point of Von Thunen market and has a hot tropical climate compared to the adjoining coastal transport costs were the two major factors to determine the districts. The climate is hotter and drier in non-rainy season. location of agricultural activities[1]. Gerhard Schaffer (1980) In 2011, Tiruchirappalli had population of 2,722,290 of which through his work tried to put forward the development of new male and female were 1,352,284 and 1,370,006 respectively.

684 All rights reserved by www.ijrdt.org Paper Title:- AN ANALYSIS DIVERSIFICATION OF LAND USE; CASE STUDY OF TIRUCHIRAPPALLI TALUKS, TAMILNADU, INDIA

The Tiruchirappalli District Population Growth Rate is 12.57 worked out to study the existing land use and to analysis their percent in the population. In the density of Tiruchirappalli decadal changes. The results are cartographically presented by district for 2011 is 604 people per sq. km. Average literacy drawing suitable diagrams to bring out the various dimensions rate of Tiruchirappalli in 2011 were 83.23. Two national of the study. highways pass through the study area they are N.H. 45 5.RESULT AND DISCUSSION: connecting Chennai- Tiruchirappalli- Madurai covering a I.FORESTS: distance of about 460 kms. The other national highway is This includes all lands classed as forest under any legal N.H.7 connecting Karur and Dindigul via Tiruchirappalli. enactment dealing with forests or administered as forests, whether state-owned or private, and whether wooded or maintained as potential forest land. The area of crops raised in the forest and grazing lands or areas open for grazing within the forests should remain included under the forest area. DIVERSIFICATION OF FOREST IN 2007-08 to 2014-15

Figure – 1 4.Methods and Materials The aim of the present study is “An Analysis diversification of Figure – 2 land use in Tiruchirappalli Taluks”. The major objective is The figure No. 2 explained from during the year 2007-08 and present study i. Find out the distribution of land using in 2014-15 Tiruchirappalli District had 4.1 percentage of the total Taluks wise from Trichirappalli 2007-08 to 2014- 15. ii. forest area. The distribution of forest for the 2007-08 to 2014- Analysis the land use diversification in Trichirappalli Taluks 15 is calculated as percentage to total forest area in each of the 2007-08 to 2014- 15. The study is mainly based on secondary Taluks. In the light of the above observations it can be data. Data relating to general land use and agricultural land concluded that the proportion of the Tiruchirappalli district the use were collected from statistical office. State Resource Atlas forest area distribution have considerably lightly changed in and Statistical Hand Book of Tamil Nadu were also referred Trichirappalli and Sri Rangam Taluks on during periods 2007- for information regarding Physical and Cultural aspects. Due 08 and 2014-15. to the limited time period and cost constraints only secondary II.UN-CULTIVABLE LAND: sources are tapped and processed by using the following All barren and un-cultivable land like mountains, deserts, etc. techniques. In the present study both quantitative and Land which cannot be brought under cultivation except at an descriptive methods and cartographic techniques are used. exorbitant cost, should be classed as un-cultivable whether Simple statistical calculations like percentage have been such land is in isolated taluks or within cultivated holdings.

685 ISSN:-2349-3585 |www.ijrdt.org Paper Title:- AN ANALYSIS DIVERSIFICATION OF LAND USE; CASE STUDY OF TIRUCHIRAPPALLI TALUKS, TAMILNADU, INDIA

DIVERSIFICATION OF UN-CULTIVABLE LAND IN During the year 2014-15 Trichirappalli district had 20.3 2007-08 to 2014-15 percentage of the total Non-agricultural use. The distribution of Non-agricultural use for during period on 2007-08 to 2014- 15 is calculated as percentage to total. The Non-agricultural use have considerable slightly decreased in Sri Rangam and Trichy Taluks during the years, there has been an increase in the area put to non-agricultural uses as expected, because as a result of increase in the development activities, more and more land is being used for Industrial sites, Housing, Transport systems, recreational purposes and etc.,. (Figure No. 4) IV.CULTIVABLE WASTE LAND: Figure – 3 This includes lands available for cultivation, whether not During the year 2007-08 Tiruchirappalli district had 3.2 taken up for cultivation or taken up for cultivation once but percentage of the total uncultivable waste land. The not cultivated during the current year and the last five years or distribution of uncultivable waste land for the during periods more in succession for one reason or other. Such lands may be 2007-08 to 2014-15 calculated as percentage to total either fallow or covered with shrubs and jungles, which are uncultivable waste land in each of the Taluks.(figure No.: 3) not put to any use. They may be assessed and may lie in In the light of the above observations it can be concluded that isolated taluks or within cultivated holdings. Land once the proportion of the uncultivable waste land have slightly cultivated but not cultivated for five years in succession decrease in Trichy, Sri Rangam, Lalgudi and Musuri Taluks. should also be included in this category at the end of the five The decrease of uncultivable waste land in the study area as years. exhibited in all Taluks of the Tiruchirappalli district may be DIVERSIFICATION OF CULTIVABLE WASTE LAND attributed to failure in monsoon and insufficient of irrigation. IN III.NON-AGRICULTURAL USES: 2007-08 to 2014-15 This includes all lands occupied by buildings, roads and railways or under water, e.g. rivers and canals and other lands put to uses other than agriculture. DIVERSIFICATION OF NON-AGRICULTURAL USES IN 2007-08 – 2014-15

Figure – 5 During the years 2014 Tiruchirappalli district had 13.8 percentage of the Total cultivable waste land during period on 2007-08 is calculated as percentage to total cultivable waste land in each of the Taluks. (Figure No.: 5). In the light of the above observations it can be concluded that the proportion of the cultivable waste land have considerably slightly decreased in Thottiam Taluks. The increase of cultivable waste land in Figure – 4

686 ISSN:-2349-3585 |www.ijrdt.org Paper Title:- AN ANALYSIS DIVERSIFICATION OF LAND USE; CASE STUDY OF TIRUCHIRAPPALLI TALUKS, TAMILNADU, INDIA the study area as exhibited in Thuraiyar, Trichy, Lalugudi, Rangam and Manachanallur Taluks.. The increase of Manapparai and Musiri taluks of the Tiruchirappalli it may be miscellaneous tree crops and groves in all the taluks if the attributes to failure monsoon. Tiruchirappalli district may be attributed to increase the follow V.PERMANENT PASTURES AND OTHER GRAZING land due to insufficient amount of rainfall received during the LANDS: period. The only discrease the miscellaneous Grazing lands whether they are permanent pastures and tree crops and groves. meadows or not. Village common grazing land is included VII.CURRENT FALLOWS: under this head. During the years 2014 - 15 Tiruchirappalli This represents cropped area, which are kept fallow during district had 1.1 percentage of the Total cultivable waste land the current year. For example, if any seeding area is not for during period on 2007-08 is calculated as percentage to cropped against the same year it may be treated as current total cultivable waste land in each of the Taluks. In the light fallow. of the above observations it can be concluded that the DIVERSIFICATION OF CURRENT FALLOWS IN 2007- proportion of the Tiruchirappalli district the forest area 08 to 2014-15 distribution have considerably no changes on during periods 2007-08 and 2014-15 VI. LAND UNDER MISCELLANEOUS TREE CROPS This includes all cultivable land which is not included in „Net area sown‟ but is put to some agricultural uses. Lands under Casurina trees, thatching grasses, bamboo bushes and other groves for fuel, etc. which are not included under „Orchards‟ should be classed under this category. DIVERSIFICATION OF LAND UNDER MISCELLANEOUS TREE CROPS 2007-08 to 2014-15

Figure – 7 During the year 2014- 15 Tiruchirappalli Districts had 5.8 percentages of the total current fallow for the during. The distribution of current fallow land for during period 2007- 08 to 2014-15 calculates as percentage to total land in each taluks. (Figure No.:7). The proportions of the current fallow have considerably to increase in the Manachanallur taluk. The decrease of current fallow land in the study area as exhibited Figure – 6 in the remaining taluks of the study area may be attributes to During the year 2014-15 Tiruchirappalli districts had 3.1 future in monsoon. The decline of land under current follow is percentage of the Miscellaneous tree crops and groves. The due to the non-availability of water through irrigation or distribution of miscellaneous tree crops and groves during the deficient rainfall in this region. period 2007-08 and 2014-15 is calculated has percentage to VIII. FALLOW LANDS OTHER THAN CURRENT total land each of the taluks. (figure No.: 6) In the light of the FALLOWS above observations it can be concluded that the proportion of This includes all lands, which were taken up for cultivation the miscellaneous tree crops and groves have considerately but are temporarily out of cultivation for a period of not less increased in Manapparai, Lalugudi, Trichy, Thottiam, Sri than one year and not more than five years.

687 ISSN:-2349-3585 |www.ijrdt.org Paper Title:- AN ANALYSIS DIVERSIFICATION OF LAND USE; CASE STUDY OF TIRUCHIRAPPALLI TALUKS, TAMILNADU, INDIA

DIVERSIFICATION OF OTHER THAN CURRENT During the year 2014 Tiruchirappalli district had 35.7 FALLOWS IN percentage of total net cultivated area. The distribution of net 2007-08 to 2014-15 cultivated area for during period 2007-08 to 2014-15 is calculated as percentage to the total land in each of the Taluks. (figure No.: 9). The proportion of net cultivated area has experienced an increase the Lalkudi Taluk and other Taluks decline in the study area. X.CONCLUSION: The present study area lands using area increased in Cultivable waste land, Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves and Other Fallow land. The other lands all so decreased. It may be major cause is attribute to failure of monsoon and Cauvery water Figure – 8 interstate dispute problem is affected the irrigation system, During the year 2014 Tiruchirappalli had 27.8 percentages of farmer‟s capital investment subscribe definite limit low. The the total other fallow land. The distribution of other fallow credit is not available at the right time to the investment of land or during the period 2007-08 to 2014-15 is calculated as agriculture practices, cultivable land on either side of the percentage to land in each of the taluks. (figure No.: 8) In the national highway and state highway the real estate residential light of the above observations it can be concluded that the flat has been change, agricultural labour shortage is due to proportion of other fallow land have considerably increased in diversification of cultivable lands. The featured controlling the the exit Lalkudi Taluk. The increases of other follow land in land diversification need for government laws, People the study area as exhibited in the study area may be attributing interested in environment and awareness programmes. of failure in monsoon. The declines of land under other fallow Reference land to due do unavailability of water through irrigation or 1.Von Thunen, J.H. (1826): “Der Isolierte Staat” (The Isolated deficient rainfall in these regions. Cauvery tribunal problem is State) a major role play on the increase the other fallow land. 2.JAMES R., ANDERSON, ERNEST E. HARDY, JOHN T. IX.NET AREA SOWN: ROACH, AND RICHARD E. WITMER A Land Use And This represents the total area sown with crops and orchards. Land Cover Classification System For Use With Remote Net sown Area more than once in the same year is counted Sensor Data Washington: 1976. only once. 3.Gerhard Schaffer, (1980): Ensuring man‟s food supplies by DIVERSIFICATION OF NET SOWN AREA IN Developing New land and Preserving Cultivation. Tubingn 2007-08 to 2014-15 Federal Republic of Germany, Applied Geography and Development, Vol. 16, pp. 7-27. 4.Onkar Singh and Maurya, S.P. (1981): Progress of Agricultural Mechanisation in Chakia Development Block (District Varanasi Uttar Pradesh), The National Geographical Journal of India, Vol. XXVII, Parts 3&4,pp.141-155. 5.Surendra Singh, (1982): Identification and Phasing of Agricultural Development in Rohilkand, Uttar Pradesh, The National Geographical Journal of India, Vol. XXVIII, Parts 1&2, pp.28-36. Figure – 9 6.Philip A.Akpan, (1987): Impact of Modernization on

688 ISSN:-2349-3585 |www.ijrdt.org Paper Title:- AN ANALYSIS DIVERSIFICATION OF LAND USE; CASE STUDY OF TIRUCHIRAPPALLI TALUKS, TAMILNADU, INDIA traditional Land use pattern in south Eastern Nigeria: A New problem for Rural Development, The National Geographical Journal of India, Vol -33, part 2, pp-131-142. 7.Turner BL, 2nd, Lambin EF, Reenberg A (2007) The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 20666–20671. 8.Jing Wang, Yongqi Chen, Xiaomei Shao, Yanyu Zhang, Yingui Cao “Land-use changes and policy dimension driving forces in China: Present, trend and future” Volume 29, Issue 4, October 2012, Pages 737-749 9.Yansui Liu, Fang Fang, Yuheng Li “Key issues of land use in China and implications for policy making” Volume 40, Issue , January 2014, Pages 6-12

689 ISSN:-2349-3585 |www.ijrdt.org