Arboricultural Assessment Flemington Estate Racecourse Road, Flemington

Prepared for: Jenny Wilson Department of Health and Human Services

Prepared by: Greg Pollard Tree Logic Ref: 7943

1/02/2017

Tree Logic Pty Ltd Unit 4, 21 Eugene Terrace Ringwood Vic 3134 Ph. 03 9870 7700 treelogic.com.au 1 Objectives

1.1 To undertake a ground-based inspection of selected trees within the public housing estate at Racecourse Road, Flemington. 1.2 To record tree characteristics including species, age, dimensions, health, structure and useful life- expectancy. 1.3 To attribute the trees with a Retention Value and to identify works required to mitigate hazards or promote improved tree condition. 1.4 To calculate appropriate Tree Protection Zones to guide future activity in proximity of trees being retained. 1.5 To provide a plan showing tree locations.

2 Method

2.1 Site inspection method;

A site inspection was undertaken on 27 January, 2017. The trees were inspected from the ground and observations were made of the growing environment and the surrounding area. The trees were not climbed and no samples were collected.

Tree assessment details are contained in Appendix 1 and relate to the trees numbered on the plan at Appendix 2. Tree numbering and locations have been maintained from the supplied survey plan produced by Taylors Development Strategists (Drawing 20960-D1 V01) with the exception of one additional tree identified as TL1.

Observations were made to determine the type, age and condition of the trees. Approximate height and width were also recorded and trunk diameter was generally measured at 1.4 metres above ground level.

Definitions of arboricultural descriptors informing the this report can be seen in Appendix 3.

Arboricultural assessment method;

The health and structural characteristics of each tree were assessed and each tree was attributed an ‘Arboricultural Rating’ (Retention Value). The rating correlates the combination of tree condition factors (health, structure and form) with tree amenity value. Amenity relates to the trees functional and aesthetic characteristics within a built environment. The arboricultural rating in combination with other factors can assist the project team and planners in nominating trees suitable for retention. The four arboricultural/retention ratings used in this report include:

• High: Tree of high quality in good to fair condition. Generally a prominent arboricultural/landscape feature. These trees have the potential to be a medium- to long- term component of the landscape if managed appropriately. Retention of these trees is highly desirable.

• Moderate: Trees generally suitable for retention and design should attempt to incorporate these trees where possible and provide adequate clearances during any development.

• Low: Fair specimens of relatively small size or trees which displayed general health or structural deficiencies and were not worthy of being a constraint on reasonable design intent. Some trees generally regarded as woody weeds but offering some screening or other landscape function are assigned to this category. Retention of Low rated trees may be considered in some instances if not requiring a disproportionate expenditure of resources to successfully incorporate into the design or manage ongoing condition.

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 1 • None: Trees attributed an arboricultural rating of None had health or structural characteristics that were beyond arboricultural maintenance or the trees were environmental weed species.

2.2 Australian Standard AS 4970-2009 Protection of trees on development sites (AS 4970), has been used as a guide in the allocation of Tree Protection Zones (TPZs) for the assessed trees. The TPZ methodology is explained further in Section 6. TPZ measurements are included in the tree assessment data in Appendix 1 and the indicative zones shown on the Tree Location Plan at Appendix 2.

2.3 An estimate of the trees’ useful life expectancy was recorded based on the combination of tree attributes observed (see Section 3.7).

3 Observations

3.1 Site description

The areas of interest for this report primarily consist of two car parking areas within the Flemington Housing Estate, as shown below at Figure 1. Area 1 is located centrally along the estate’s eastern boundary and mainly contains trees planted in narrow beds separating car spaces. Area 2 contains similar planting spaces along with some perimeter plantings and an area of grass leading to a row of trees along the site’s southern frontage along Racecourse Road.

Figure 1: an aerial image of the southern section of the estate with the two study areas shaded orange.

3.2 Tree population

Sixty-six (66) individual trees were assessed and recorded during the assessment. Thirty-one (31) trees were located in Area 1 and thirty-five (35) trees were within Area 2.

The tree population comprised sixteen different species, nine of which were represented by a single tree. The most prevalent tree was Queensland Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) which with 36 trees present accounted for over half of the population assessed. Illawarra Flame Tree (Brachychiton acerifolius) and London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia) were the next most common species with six and five examples encountered respectively.

The Brush Box made up the bulk of plantings between the car spaces themselves and they were in reasonably good condition considering their growing environment. They were not, however, among the most prominent trees. Table 1 below lists the larger trees assessed which were also mostly in reasonable condition, with the exception of Tree 190 which was a poorer specimen showing symptoms of declining health.

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 2 Table 1: The most prominent trees within the area of study Trunk Ø Height x width Tree No. Species (cm) (m) 178 Corymbia maculata 57 16x16 218 Eucalyptus globulus 109 25x19 219 Populus nigra 'Italica' 85 22x7 210 Eucalyptus saligna 73 18x13 211 Eucalyptus saligna 71 16x18 248 Eucalyptus mannifera 62 18x12 249 Eucalyptus mannifera 63 17x13 190 Eucalyptus globulus 67 21x10

3.3 Tree origin:

The majority of the tree population were Australian native trees with only nine (9) exotic trees recorded. Of the Australian native trees, none were indigenous to the local area and Tree 178, the Spotted Gum was the only Victorian native tree.

3.4 Tree health:

Tree health was assessed based on foliage colour, size and density in comparison with a typical example of the species. Figure 2, below shows the number of trees within each health category.

Tree Health

2 1 6 11 Good Fair Fair-poor 46 Poor Dead

Figure 2: Tree Health Ratings

The vast majority (57 trees) were attributed either a Fair or Good health rating meaning they displayed characteristics considered to be typical or better for the species given their growing environment. Six (6) trees displayed minor health deficiencies such as reduced foliage density or minor dieback which may improve or fluctuate with seasonal conditions and could be managed. These trees were assigned a ‘Fair-poor rating’.

One tree (No. 143) was a small dead tree while Trees 138, a London Plane and Tree 190 a Tasmanian Blue Gum displayed poor health and are unlikely to remain viable beyond the short term.

3.5 Tree structure:

Tree structure was assessed for defects, likelihood of failures and risk to potential targets. Refer to the tree structure chart below indicating the percentage of trees in each category.

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 3 Tree Structure

17% Fair Fair-poor 82% Poor

Figure 3: Tree Structure Ratings

Eighty-two percent (54 trees) displayed Fair structure considered typical and acceptable for the species.

Seventeen percent (11 trees) displayed Fair to poor structural condition. This represents trees having minor deficiencies, wounds, past failures or crown asymmetry expected to be manageable for the foreseeable future with routine arboricultural input.

One tree, No. 143 the small dead tree was assigned a Poor structure rating.

3.6 Retention Value (Arboricultural Rating):

The Tree Location Plan at Appendix 2 provides a colour-coded layout of the assessed trees’ Arboricultural (Retention) values. Table 2 below lists trees according to these ratings and definitions of the ratings can be seen in Appendix 3.

Table 2: Tree Retention Values

Retention Value Total Individual tree numbers High 3 178, 210, 211

136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 149, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, TL1, 156, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 179, 180, 181, 159, 202, Moderate 58 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 216, 215, 217, 220, 218, 219, 248, 249, 272, 271, 268, 267, 266, 265, 263, 262, 260, 259, 257, 199, 198

Low 4 138, 142, 170, 190 None 1 143

Eighty-eight percent of the tree population (58 trees) were attributed a Moderate retention rating and three (3) particularly prominent trees attracted a High rating. Retaining moderate and high- rated trees is desirable from an arboricultural perspective and with appropriate consideration and management such trees have the potential to be medium to long-term components of the landscape. Of the remaining trees the dead tree (No. 143) does not present significant risk due to its small size although it would be best removed while the four Low-rated trees could potentially be managed for the short-term but their removal would also be justified.

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 4 3.7 Useful Life Expectancy (ULE):

It is not a measure of the biological life of the tree within the natural range of the species. It is more a measure of the health status and the tree’s positive contribution to the urban landscape. It can assist in the management of the tree population and allow planning for the eventual removal and replacement of extant trees. Weed species are generally assigned a lower ULE regardless of their condition as replacement of such trees is preferable.

The vast majority of trees were semi-mature in age and 62 of the 66 trees (94%) have a Useful Life expectancy of between 21 to 60 years. The two trees displaying poor health (Nos. 138 and 190) along with an additional mature Tasmanian Blue Gum (No. 218) are the trees which are expected to have a shorter life-span.

4 Recommended Works

4.1 The tree assessment included observation for structural defects which were considered to pose an unacceptable risk of causing damage or injury. Established principles for such risk assessment based on a ground-level visual tree assessment and considering the size and location of the tree, the characteristics of the observed defect and the nature and frequency of potential targets were used to guide recommendations for arboricultural works and a priority for their completion.

4.2 There were no trees observed that were considered to be at risk of imminent failure requiring immediate works. Actions have, however, been recommended for twenty-five (25) trees within the study area as detailed at Appendix 1 and summarised in Table 3. The works have been classified into the following three categories based on priority;

High - works should be completed within 12 weeks

Moderate – works should be completed within 6 months

Low – tree should be reinspected or works completed within 12 months

It is recommended that all pruning be carried out by a suitably qualified arborist in accordance with AS 4373-Pruning of amenity trees.

Table 3: Recommended Works

Priority Tree Nos. Description of works

High 138,140,151,163,167,169, 178, Prune deadwood, remove hanging 212, 213, 218, 210, 211, 248, 272, (12 weeks) 259 branch or crown reduce 143 Remove tree Moderate Prune deadwood / remove failed (6 months) 156, 179, 215, 219, 262 branch 159, 150 Remove low branch or crown lift Low 141 Prune away from pole (12 months) 149 Remove dead branch

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 5

5 Tree permit requirements

5.1 The site is located within the City of Moonee Valley and a review of the Planning Property Report at ‘http://services.land.vic.gov.au/landchannel/content’ reveals there are no specific planning overlays or permit requirements which relate to trees.

5.2 The trees at the site are exempt from permit requirements under Particular Provision 52.17 (Native Vegetation) as they have been planted for amenity or aesthetic purposes.

6 Tree protection

6.1 The preliminary arboricultural assessment report provides planners and designers with information on the measures required to protect trees suitable for retention. The most important consideration for the successful retention of trees is to allow appropriate above and below-ground space for the trees to continue to grow. This is most readily achieved by the allocation of tree protection zones for retained trees.

6.2 The Australian Standard AS 4970-2009 has been used as a guide in the allocation of TPZs for the assessed trees. The TPZ for individual trees is calculated based on trunk diameter (DBH measured in metres), measured at 1.4 metres up from ground level. The radius of the TPZ is calculated by multiplying the tree’s DBH by 12. The method provides a TPZ that addresses both the stability and growing requirements of a tree. TPZ distances are measured as a radius from the centre of the trunk at (or near) ground level. The maximum TPZ should be no more than 15 m radius and the minimum TPZ should be no less than 2 m radius.

6.3 Encroachment into the TPZ is permissible under certain circumstances though this is dependent on both site conditions and tree characteristics. Minor encroachment, up to 10% of the TPZ, is generally permissible, and encroachment should be compensated for by recruitment of an equal area contiguous with the TPZ. The crown of the tree should also not require excessive pruning that would cause the tree to become unbalanced or disfigured.

6.4 Encroachment greater than 10% is considered major encroachment under AS4970-2009 and is only permissible if it can be demonstrated that after such encroachment the tree would remain viable. At the subject site this may apply where existing built form occupies more than 10% of the TPZ area, in other circumstances Non-destructive root investigation (NDRI) may be required to determine if major TPZ intrusion would be tolerated.

6.5 The Structural Root Zone (SRZ) is the area in which the larger woody roots required for tree stability are found close to the trunk and which then generally taper rapidly. This is the minimum area recommended to maintain tree stability but does not reflect the area required to sustain tree health. The area between the reduced TPZ and the SRZ may only be encroached if root sensitive construction methods are adopted, based on results of non-destructive root investigation and if approved by the consulting arborist. Works of any description are not usually permitted within the SRZ radius.

6.6 All TPZ measurements are provided in the tree assessment data in Appendix 1. More detailed tree protection information would be required if trees are intended to be preserved and any significant disturbance is proposed within the TPZs.

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 6

7 Photographs

Examples of Brush Box within the car park of Area 1. They were the most

common species recorded and were typically performing well considering the extent of hard surfacing around them.

They were mostly of moderate retention value being well established but they were not particularly large trees.

A view to the west of Area 2 with the crowns of the High-rated Sydney Blue Gums (Trees 210 and 211) in the middle of the carpark on the right and the Brittle Gums (Trees 248 and 249) which were at the higher end of the Moderate retention value category on the left along the southern edge of the carpark.

8 Conclusion and Recommendations:

8.1 Substantial trees growing within the two car park study areas at the housing estate at Racecourse Road, Flemington were assessed to provide information on their current condition, requirement for arboricultural intervention and suitability for ongoing retention.

8.2 Tree characteristics are listed in the Tree Assessment Table at Appendix 1 and tree locations are shown at Appendix 2. Tree numbers used on the provided survey plan for the broader site have been maintained and are therefore not sequential within this report.

8.3 Sixty-six (66) trees were assessed comprising eighteen (18) different species. The majority were semi-mature ornamental plantings that were essentially healthy and in reasonable structural condition. The retention and ongoing maintenance of these trees is desirable from an arboricultural perspective.

8.4 Three trees (Nos. 178, 210 and 211) were particularly prominent healthy trees considered to be of High retention value.

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 7 8.5 Fifty-eight (58) trees were of Moderate value representing trees in reasonable condition which, if managed appropriately, could most likely be sustained for the medium to long-term. There was considerable variation in the size and, therefore landscape contribution imparted by the trees within this group.

8.6 Four (4) trees, Nos. 138, 142, 170 and 190 were of Low retention value due to their small size and / or their poor condition. One small tree (No. 143) was dead and was, therefore, of ‘no’ arboricultural value. Tree numbers are listed according to retention value in Table 1 at Section 3

8.7 There were no trees that required immediate arboricultural intervention, however, works have been recommended for twenty five (25) trees as listed in Table 3 at Section 4.2 and in Appendix 1.

8.8 It is understood there are no planning overlays or permit requirements within the local planning scheme which relate to the trees in the study area. Planning controls should be confirmed with the City of Moonee Valley should removal of trees at the site be considered.

8.9 Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) measurements have been provided at Appendix 1 and activity within these areas should be controlled. Further arboricultural advice should be sought if disturbance is to occur within the TPZ of any tree that is intended to be preserved.

Greg Pollard B.App.Sc. (Hort.) Consultant Arborist [email protected] 0433 612 117

Report Ref: 7943_Flemington Housing Estate Page | 8 Appendix 1: Tree Assessment Table – Racecourse Road, Flemington

DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) = Trunk diameter measured at 1.4m above the ground unless otherwise stated. HxW = Crown height and width. Arb. Rating/Ret Value = Arboricultural rating/Retention Value. Mod. = Moderate. ULE = Useful Life Expectancy. TPZ = Tree Protection Zone measured as a radius from the tree’s base. SRZ = Structural Root Zone radius. Rec. Works = Recommended Works. Definitions of other tree descriptors can be seen in Appendix 3.

Arb. DBH HxW Rating/ Works SRZ TPZ No Species Age Health Structure ULE Comment Rec. Works (cm) (m) Ret. Priority (m) (m) Value

136 Lophostemon confertus 25 6x6 Semi- Good Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.1 3.0 (Brush Box) mature

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 137 (Brush Box) 32 7x8 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.3 3.8

Prune deadwood as minimum but Platanus x acerifolia Semi- Deadwood to consider tree 138 (London Plane) 25 7x6 mature Poor Fair-poor 6-10 Low 50mm, poor vigour removal High 2.1 3.0

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 139 (Brush Box) 30 7x8 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.2 3.6

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Fair- Deadwood to Prune 140 (Brush Box) 46 10x9 mature poor Fair 31-60 Mod. 100mm deadwood High 2.5 5.5

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Branches against Prune away 141 (Brush Box) 24 7x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. light pole from pole Low 1.9 2.9

Semi- Remove small 143 Acacia sp. (Wattle) 15 3x3 mature Dead Poor 0 None Small dead tree dead tree Moderate 1.7 1.8

Celtis australis (European Semi- 142 Nettle Tree) 20 4x4 mature Fair Fair-poor 21-30 Low 1.7 2.4

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Small dead branch Remove dead 149 (Brush Box) 23 6x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. wedged in crown branch Low 1.9 2.8

flemington housing estate - racecourse road, flemington Appendix 2 page 1 Appendix 1: Tree Assessment Table – Racecourse Road, Flemington

Arb. DBH HxW Rating/ Works SRZ TPZ No Species Age Health Structure ULE Comment Rec. Works (cm) (m) Ret. Priority (m) (m) Value

Melaleuca linariifolia Semi- 148 (Snow in Summer) 47 5x7 mature Good Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.4 5.6

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Some low 150 (Brush Box) 41 7x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. branches Minor crown lift Low 2.5 4.9

Platanus x acerifolia Semi- Fair- Deadwood to Prune 151 (London Plane) 36 9x9 mature poor Fair 21-30 Mod 50mm deadwood High 2.4 4.3

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 152 (Brush Box) 30 6x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.1 3.6

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 153 (Brush Box) 19 5x5 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 1.9 2.3

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 154 (Brush Box) 19 5x5 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 1.9 2.3

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 155 (Brush Box) 22 6x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 1.9 2.6

Lophostemon confertus Semi- TL1 (Brush Box) 34 7x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.3 4.1

Deadwood to Fraxinus angustifolia 50mm, broken Prune subsp. angustifolia Semi- branch to north deadwood, 156 (Desert Ash) 55 11x12 mature Good Fair 21-30 Mod. west crown uplift Moderate 2.6 6.6

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Dead branch lower Prune 163 (Brush Box) 38 8x8 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. west crown deadwood High 2.4 4.6

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 164 (Brush Box) 26 6x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.1 3.1

flemington housing estate - racecourse road, flemington Appendix 2 page 2 Appendix 1: Tree Assessment Table – Racecourse Road, Flemington

Arb. DBH HxW Rating/ Works SRZ TPZ No Species Age Health Structure ULE Comment Rec. Works (cm) (m) Ret. Priority (m) (m) Value

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 166 (Brush Box) 28 7x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.2 3.4

Platanus x acerifolia Semi- 25mm hanging Remove 167 (London Plane) 43 11x11 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. branch hanging branch High 2.5 5.2

Platanus x acerifolia Semi- 168 (London Plane) 45 12x10 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.5 5.4

Deadwood to Lophostemon confertus Semi- 80mm, hanging Prune 169 (Brush Box) 67 12x11 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. branches deadwood High 2.9 8.0

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Fair- 170 (Brush Box) 18 8x4 mature poor Fair-poor 21-30 Low Codominant union 1.8 2.2

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 171 (Brush Box) 30 9x8 mature Fair Fair-poor 21-30 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.2 3.6

Corymbia maculata Semi- Deadwood to Prune 178 (Spotted Gum ) 57 16x16 mature Fair Fair 31-60 High 80mm deadwood High 2.8 6.8

Prune Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' Semi- Elb damage, minor deadwood, 179 (Golden Wych Elm) 44 9x10 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. deadwood minor uplift Moderate 2.5 5.3

Platanus x acerifolia Semi- 180 (London Plane) 50 13x11 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.5 6.0

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 181 (Brush Box) 24 6x5 mature Good Fair 31-60 Mod. 2 2.9

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Low rubbing Remove low 159 (Brush Box) 34 9x8 mature Good Fair 31-60 Mod. branch branch Low 2.3 4.1

flemington housing estate - racecourse road, flemington Appendix 2 page 3 Appendix 1: Tree Assessment Table – Racecourse Road, Flemington

Arb. DBH HxW Rating/ Works SRZ TPZ No Species Age Health Structure ULE Comment Rec. Works (cm) (m) Ret. Priority (m) (m) Value

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 202 (Brush Box) 40 7x10 mature Good Fair-poor 31-60 Mod. 2.3 4.8

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 203 (Brush Box) 38 7x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.4 4.6

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 204 (Brush Box) 31 6x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.2 3.7

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 205 (Brush Box) 29 7x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.2 3.5

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 206 (Brush Box) 36 8x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.3 4.3

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 207 (Brush Box) 32 7x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.1 3.8

Brachychiton acerifolius Semi- Fair- 208 (Illawarra Flame Tree) 41 8x7 mature poor Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.4 4.9

Brachychiton acerifolius Semi- 209 (Illawarra Flame Tree) 44 8x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.5 5.3

Brachychiton acerifolius Semi- Fair- Deadwood to Prune 212 (Illawarra Flame Tree) 45 8x6 mature poor Fair 31-60 Mod. 75mm deadwood High 2.5 5.4

Brachychiton acerifolius Semi- Deadwood to Prune 213 (Illawarra Flame Tree) 46 9x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 50mm deadwood High 2.6 5.5

Brachychiton acerifolius Semi- 214 (Illawarra Flame Tree) 41 7x6 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.5 4.9

flemington housing estate - racecourse road, flemington Appendix 2 page 4 Appendix 1: Tree Assessment Table – Racecourse Road, Flemington

Arb. DBH HxW Rating/ Works SRZ TPZ No Species Age Health Structure ULE Comment Rec. Works (cm) (m) Ret. Priority (m) (m) Value

Brachychiton acerifolius Semi- 216 (Illawarra Flame Tree) 58 9x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.8 7.0

Casuarina glauca Semi- Prune 215 (Swamp She-oak) 51 9x8 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood deadwood Moderate 2.7 6.1

Casuarina glauca Semi- 217 (Swamp She-oak) 55 20x6 mature Fair Fair-poor 31-60 Mod. 2.8 6.6

Casuarina glauca Semi- 220 (Swamp She-oak) 42 15x8 mature Fair Fair-poor 31-60 Mod. 2.5 5.0

Prune deadwood, crossing limbs Eucalyptus globulus Fair- Deadwood to and reduction of 218 (Tasmanian Blue Gum) 109 25x19 Maturing poor Fair-poor 11-20 Mod. 120mm extended limbs High 3.6 13.1

Populus nigra 'Italica' Deadwood to Prune 219 (Lombardy Poplar) 85 22x7 Maturing Fair Fair-poor 21-30 Mod. 60mm deadwood Moderate 3.2 10.2

Prune deadwood, Eucalyptus saligna Early Deadwood to prune away 210 (Sydney Blue Gum) 73 18x13 maturity Good Fair 31-60 High 50mm from light pole High 3.1 8.8

Deadwood to 60mm, hanging Prune Eucalyptus saligna Early branch in north deadwood and 211 (Sydney Blue Gum) 71 16x18 maturity Good Fair 31-60 High crown hanging branch High 3 8.5

Eucalyptus mannifera Deadwood to Prune 248 (Brittle Gum) 62 18x12 Maturing Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 30mm deadwood High 2.9 7.4

flemington housing estate - racecourse road, flemington Appendix 2 page 5 Appendix 1: Tree Assessment Table – Racecourse Road, Flemington

Arb. DBH HxW Rating/ Works SRZ TPZ No Species Age Health Structure ULE Comment Rec. Works (cm) (m) Ret. Priority (m) (m) Value

Eucalyptus mannifera 249 (Brittle Gum) 63 17x13 Maturing Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.9 7.6

Deadwood to Lophostemon confertus Early 75mm, hanging Prune 272 (Brush Box) 80 10x10 maturity Good Fair 31-60 Mod. branch over path deadwood High 3 9.6

Eucalyptus mannifera Semi- 271 (Brittle Gum) 40 11x10 mature Fair Fair-poor 31-60 Mod. Minor deadwood 2.3 4.8

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 268 (Brush Box) 37+30 9x9 mature Good Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.6 5.8

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 267 (Brush Box) 66 10x9 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.9 7.9

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 266 (Brush Box) 42 10x8 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.5 5.0

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 265 (Brush Box) 43 6x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.5 5.2

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 263 (Brush Box) 33 8x8 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.3 4.0

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Hanging branch Remove failed 262 (Brush Box) 56 8x10 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. wedged in crown branch Moderate 2.7 6.7

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 260 (Brush Box) 35 6x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.3 4.2

Lophostemon confertus Semi- Deadwood pver Prune 259 (Brush Box) 63 8x10 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. public footpath deadwood High 2.7 7.6

flemington housing estate - racecourse road, flemington Appendix 2 page 6 Appendix 1: Tree Assessment Table – Racecourse Road, Flemington

Arb. DBH HxW Rating/ Works SRZ TPZ No Species Age Health Structure ULE Comment Rec. Works (cm) (m) Ret. Priority (m) (m) Value

Lophostemon confertus Semi- 257 (Brush Box) 44 7x7 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.5 5.3

Eucalyptus scoparia Semi- 199 (Wallangarra White Gum) 37 11x10 mature Good Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.3 4.4

Eucalyptus nicholii (Narrow-leaved Semi- 198 Peppermint) 54 13x9 mature Fair Fair 31-60 Mod. 2.7 6.5

Early decline Eucalyptus globulus Early symptoms, trunk 190 (Tasmanian Blue Gum) 67 21x10 maturity Poor Fair-poor 6-10 Low decay 2.9 8.0

flemington housing estate - racecourse road, flemington Appendix 2 page 7 Appendix 2 - Tree Numbers and Location Racecourse Road Flemington Map 1

Legend TPZs High Low Mod. None

0 10 20 30 m

Client: Department of Health and Human Services Map Source: Near Maps Author: Tree Logic Date: 01/02/2017 Appendix 2 - Tree Numbers and Location Racecourse Road Flemington Map 2

Legend TPZs High Low Mod. None

0 10 20 30 m

Client: Department of Health and Human Services Map Source: Near Maps Author: Tree Logic Date: 01/02/2017

Appendix 3: Arboricultural Descriptors (April 2015)

Note that not all of the described tree descriptors may be used in a tree assessment and report. The assessment is undertaken with regard to contemporary arboricultural practices and consists of a visual inspection of external and above-ground tree parts.

1. Tree Condition

The assessment of tree condition evaluates factors of health and structure. The descriptors of health and structure attributed to a tree evaluate the individual specimen to what could be considered typical for that species growing in its location under current climatic conditions. For example, some species can display inherently poor branching architecture, such as multiple acute branch attachments with included bark. Whilst these structural defects may technically be considered arboriculturally poor, they are typical for the species and may not constitute an increased risk of failure. These trees may be assigned a structural rating of fair-poor (rather than poor) at the discretion of the assessor.

Diagram 1, provides an indicative distribution curve for tree condition to illustrate that within a normal tree population the majority of specimens are centrally located within the condition range (normal distribution curve). Furthermore, that those individual trees with an assessed condition approaching the outer ends of the spectrum occur less often.

2. Tree Name

Provides botanical name, (genus, species, variety and cultivar) according to accepted international code of taxonomic classification, and common name.

3. Tree Type

Describes the general geographic origin of the species and its type e.g. deciduous or evergreen.

Category Description Indigenous Occurs naturally in the area or region of the subject site. Remnant. Occurs naturally within some part of the State of Victoria (not exclusively) but is not Victorian native indigenous (component of EVC benchmark). Could be planted indigenous trees. Australian native Occurs naturally within Australia but is not a Victorian native or indigenous Exotic deciduous Occurs outside of Australia and typically sheds its leaves during winter Exotic evergreen Occurs outside of Australia and typically holds its leaves all year round Exotic conifer Occurs outside of Australia and is classified as a gymnosperm Native conifer Occurs naturally within Australia and is classified as a gymnosperm Native Palm Occurs naturally within Australia. Woody monocotyledon Exotic Palm Occurs outside of Australia. Woody monocotyledon

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4. Height and Width

Indicates height and width of the individual tree; dimensions are expressed in metres. Crown heights are measured with a height meter where possible. Due to the topography of some sites and/or the density of vegetation it may not be possible to do this for every tree. Tree heights may be estimated in line with previous height meter readings in conjunction with assessor’s experience. Crown widths are generally paced (estimated) at the widest axis or can be measured on two axes and averaged. In some instances the crown width can be measured on the four cardinal direction points (North, South, East and West). Crown height, crown spread are generally recorded to the nearest half metre (crown spread would be rounded up) for dimensions up to 10 m and the nearest whole metre for dimensions over 10 m. Estimated dimensions (e.g. for off-site or otherwise inaccessible trees where accurate data cannot be recovered) shall be clearly identified in the assessment data.

5. Trunk diameters

The position where trunk diameters are captured may vary dependent on the requirements of the specific assessment and an individual trees specific characteristics. DBH is the typical trunk diameter captured as it relates to the allocation of tree protection distances. The basal trunk diameter assists in the allocation of a structural root zone. Some municipalities require trunk diameters be captured at different heights, with 1.0 m above grade being a common requirement. The specific planning schemes will be checked to ascertain requirements.

Stem diameters shall be recorded in centimetres, rounded to the nearest 1 cm (0.01 m).

Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)

Indicates the trunk diameter (expressed in centimetres) of an individual tree measured at 1.4m above the existing ground level or where otherwise indicated, multiple leaders are measured individually. Plants with multiple leader habit may be measured at the base. The range of methods to suit particular trunk shapes, configurations and site conditions can be seen in Appendix A of Australian Standard AS 4970-2009 Protection of trees on development sites. Measurements undertaken using foresters tape or builders tape.

Basal trunk diameter

The basal dimension is the trunk diameter measured at the base of the trunk or main stem(s) immediately above the root buttress. Used to ascertain the Structural Root Zone (SRZ) as outlined in AS4970.

6. Health

Assesses various attributes to describe the overall health and vigour of the tree.

Category Vigour, Extension Decline symptoms, Foliage density, colour, Pests and or disease growth Deadwood, Dieback size, intactness Above typical. Good Excellent. Full Negligible Better than typical Negligible canopy density

Typical. Minor Typical. 90-100% Minor or expected. Little Minor, within damage Fair deficiencies or defects canopy density or no dead wood thresholds could be present.

Fair to Below typical - More than typical. Small Exhibiting deficiencies. Exceeds damage Poor low vigour sub-branch dieback Could be thinning, or thresholds

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Category Vigour, Extension Decline symptoms, Foliage density, colour, Pests and or disease growth Deadwood, Dieback size, intactness smaller

Exhibiting severe Excessive, large and/or Minimal - deficiencies. Thinning Extreme and Poor prominent amount & declining foliage, generally contributing to decline size of dead wood smaller or deformed

Dead N/A N/A N/A N/A

7. Structure

Assesses principal components of tree structure (Diagram 2).

Descriptor Zone 1 - Root plate & Zone 2 - Trunk Zone 3 - Primary Zone 4 - Outer crown lower stem branch support and roots Good No obvious damage, No obvious damage, Well formed, attached, No obvious damage, disease or decay; disease or decay; spaced and tapered. disease, decay or obvious basal flare / well tapered No history of failure. structural defect. No stable in ground history of failure. Fair Minor damage or Generally well Minor damage, Minor damage or decay attached, spaced and disease or decay; decay. Basal flare tapered branches. minor branch end- present. Minor structural weight or over- deficiencies may be extension. No history present or developing. of branch failure. No history of branch failure. Fair to Moderate damage or Moderate damage or Weak, decayed or Moderate damage, Poor decay; minimal basal decay; approaching with acute branch disease or decay; flare. recognised thresholds attachments; previous moderate branch end- branch failure weight or over- evidence extension. Minor branch failure evident. Poor Major damage, Major damage, Decayed, cavities or Major damage, disease or decay; disease or decay; has acute branch disease or decay; fungal fruiting bodies exceeds recognised attachments with fungal fruiting bodies present. Excessive thresholds; fungal included bark; present; major branch lean placing pressure fruiting bodies excessive end-weight or over- on root plate present. Acute lean. compression flaring; extension. Branch Stump re-sprout failure likely. Evidence failure evident. of major branch failure. Very Poor Excessive damage, Excessive damage, Decayed, cavities or Excessive damage, disease or decay; disease or decay; branch attachments disease or decay; unstable / loose in cavities. Excessive with active split; failure excessive branch end- ground; altered lean. Stump re-sprout imminent. History of weight or over- exposure; failure major branch failure. extension. History of probable branch failure.

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4 Diagram 2: Tree structure zones 3

1. Root plate & lower stem 2 2. Trunk 3. Primary branch support 4 4

Adapted from Coder (1996) 1

Structure ratings will also take into account general branching architecture, stem taper, live crown ratio, crown symmetry (bias or lean) and crown position such as tree being suppressed amongst more dominant trees. The lowest or worst descriptor assigned to the tree in any column could generally be the overall rating assigned to the tree. The assessment for structure is limited to observations of external and above ground tree parts. It does not include any exploratory assessment of underground or internal tree parts unless this is requested as part of the investigation. Trees are assessed and then given a rating for a point in time. Generally, trees with a poor or very poor structure are beyond the benefit of practical arboricultural treatments. The management of trees in the urban environment requires appropriate arboricultural input and consideration of risk. Risk potential will take into account the combination of likelihood of failure and impact, including the perceived importance of the target(s).

8. Age class

Relates to the physiological stage of the tree’s life cycle.

Category Description

Young Sapling tree and/or recently planted. Approximately 5 or less years in location.

Tree increasing in size and yet to achieve expected size in situation. Primary Semi-mature developmental stage.

Early-mature Tree established, generally growing vigorously. 50% of attainable age/size.

Mature Specimen approaching expected size in situation, with reduced incremental growth.

Mature full-size with a retrenching crown. Tree is senescent and in decline. Over-mature Significant decay generally present.

9. Arboricultural Rating

Relates to the combination of tree condition factors, including health and structure (arboricultural merit), and also conveys an amenity value. Amenity relates to the trees biological, functional and aesthetic characteristics (Hitchmough 1994) within an urban landscape context. The presence of any serious disease or tree-related hazards that would impact risk potential are taken into account.

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Category Description

Tree of high quality in good to fair condition. Generally a prominent High arboricultural/landscape feature. These trees have the potential to be a medium- to long-term component of the landscape if managed appropriately. Retention of these trees is highly desirable.

Tree of moderate quality, in fair or better condition. Tree may have a condition, and Moderate or structural problem that will respond to arboricultural treatment. These trees have the potential to be a medium- to long-term component of the landscape if managed appropriately. Retention of these trees is generally desirable.

Unremarkable tree of low quality or little amenity value. Tree in either poor health or with poor structure or a combination.

Tree is not significant because of either its size or age, such as young trees with a Low stem diameter below 15 cm. These trees are easily replaceable. Tree (species) is functionally inappropriate to specific location and would be expected to be problematic if retained.

Retention of such trees may be considered if not requiring a disproportionate expenditure of resources for a tree in its condition and location.

Trees of low quality with an estimated remaining life expectancy of less than 5 years.

Tree has either a severe structural defect or health problem or combination that cannot be sustained with practical arboricultural techniques and the loss of the tree would be expected in the short term.

Trees that are dead or are showing signs of significant, immediate, and irreversible overall decline. Tree infected with pathogens of significance to either the health or safety of the tree or other adjacent trees. None Tree whose retention would not be viable after the removal of adjacent trees (includes trees that have developed in close spaced groups and would not be expected to acclimatise to severe alterations to surrounding environment – removal of adjacent shelter trees).

Tree has a detrimental effect on the environment, for example, the tree is a recognised environmental woody weed with potential to spread into waterways or natural areas.

Unremarkable tree of no material landscape, conservation or other cultural value.

Trees have many values, not all of which are considered when an arboricultural assessment is undertaken. However, individual trees or tree group features may be considered important community resources because of unique or noteworthy characteristics or values other than their age, dimensions, health or structural condition. Recognition of one or more of the following criterion is designed to highlight other considerations that may influence the future management of such trees.

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Significance Description

Horticultural Value/ Outstanding horticultural or genetic value; could be an important source of Rarity propagating stock, including specimens that are particularly resistant to disease or exposure. Any tree of a species or variety that is rare.

Historic, Aboriginal Tree could have value as a remnant of a particular important historical period or Cultural or Heritage a remnant of a site or activity no longer in action. Tree has a recognised Value association with historic aboriginal activities, including scar trees.

Tree commemorates a particular occasion, including plantings by notable people, or having associations with an important event in local history.

Ecological Value Tree could have value as habitat for indigenous wildlife, including providing breeding, foraging or roosting habitat, or is a component of a wildlife reserve.

Remnant Indigenous vegetation that contribute to biological diversity

Useful life expectancy

Assessment of useful life expectancy provides an indication of health and tree appropriateness and involves an estimate of how long a tree is likely to remain in the landscape based on species, stage of life (cycle), health, amenity, environmental services contribution, conflicts with adjacent infrastructure and risk to the community. It would enable tree managers to develop long-term plans for the eventual removal and replacement of existing trees in the public realm. It is not a measure of the biological life of the tree within the natural range of the species. It is more a measure of the health status and the trees positive contribution to the urban landscape.

Within an urban landscape context, particularly in relation to street trees, it could be considered a point where the costs to maintain the asset (tree) outweigh the benefits the tree is returning.

The assessment is based on the site conditions not being significantly altered and that any prescribed maintenance works are carried out (site conditions are presumed to remain relatively constant and the tree would be maintained under scheduled maintenance programs).

Useful Life Expectancy Typical characteristics

<1 year Tree may be dead or mostly dead. Tree may exhibit major structural faults. Tree may be an imminent failure hazard. (No remaining ULE) Excessive infrastructure damage with high risk potential that cannot be remedied.

1-5 years Tree is exhibiting severe chronic decline. Crown is likely to be less than 50% typical density. Crown may be mostly epicormic growth. Dieback of large limbs is common (Transitory, Brief) (large deadwood may have been pruned out). Over-mature and senescing.

Infrastructure conflicts with heightened risk potential. Tree has outgrown site constraints.

6-10 years Tree is exhibiting chronic decline. Crown density will be less than typical and epicormic growth is likely to present. The crown may still be mostly entire, but some (Short) dieback is likely to be evident. Dieback may include large limbs.

Over-mature and senescing or early decline symptoms in short-lived species.

Early infrastructure conflicts with potential to increase regardless of management

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inputs.

11-20 years Tree not showing symptoms of chronic decline, but growth characteristics are likely to be reduced (bud development, extension growth etc.). Tree may be over-mature (Moderate) and senescing.

21-30 years Trees displaying normal growth characteristics. Tree may be growing in restricted environment (e.g. Streetscapes) or may be in late maturity. (Moderate)

31-60 years Semi-mature and mature trees exhibiting normal growth characteristics. Juvenile trees in streetscapes. (Moderately long)

60+ years Generally juvenile and semi-mature trees exhibiting normal growth characteristics in parks or open space. Could also be maturing, long-lived trees. (Long) Tree well suited to the site with negligible potential for infrastructure conflicts.

Note that ULE may change for a tree dependent on the prevailing climatic conditions, which can either increase or decrease, or sudden changes to a tree’s growing environment creating an acute stress.

Bibliography:

Coder, K D. (1996) Construction damage assessments: trees and sites, University of Georgia, USA

Hitchmough, J.D. (1994) Urban landscape management, Inkata Press, Australia

Gooding, R.F., Ingram, J.B., Urban, J.R., Bloch, L.B., Steigerwaldt, W.M, Harris, R.W. and Allen, E.N. (2000) Guide for plant appraisal, 9th edition, International society of Arboriculture, USA

Pollard, A. H. (1974) Introductory statistics: a service course, Pergamon Press Australia, Australia.

Standards Australia (2009) Australian Standard AS 4970-2009 Protection of trees on development sites.

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