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Maryland Historical Magazine, 1985, Volume 80, Issue No. 1

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cr. i Maryland Historical Magazine Published Quarterly by The Museum and Library of Maryland History The Maryland Historical Society Spring 1985 THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS, 1984-1985 J. Fife Symington, Jr., Chairman* Robert G. Merrick, Sr., Honorary Chairman Brian B. Topping, President* Mis. Charles W. Cole, Jr., Vice President* William C. Whitridge, Vice President* E. Phillips Hathaway, Vice President* Richard P. Moran, Secretary* Samuel Hopkins, Vice President* Mrs. Frederick W. Lafferty, Treasurer* Walter D. Pinkard, Sr., Vice President* Leonard C. Crewe, Jr., Past President* Truman T. Semans, Vice President* Bryson L. Cook, Counsel* Frank H. Weller, Jr., Vice President* * The officers listed above constitute the Society's Executive Committee. BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1984-1985 H. Furlong Baldwin William S. James, Harford Co. Mrs. Emory J. Barber, St. Mary's Co. H. Irvine Keyser II (Honorary) Gary Black, Jr. Richard R. Kline, Frederick Co. John E. Boulais, Caroline Co. Robert G. Merrick, Jr. J. Henry Butta Michael Middleton, Charles Co. Mrs. James Frederick Colwill (Honorary) Jack Moseley Owen Daly II Thomas S. Nichols (Honorary) Donald L. DeVries James L. Olfson, Anne Arundel Co. Leslie B. Disharoon Eleanor A. Owen Deborah B. English Mrs. Brice Phillips, Worcester Co. Jerome Geckle J. Hurst Purnell, Jr., Kent Co. William Gilchrist, Allegany Co. George M. Radcliffe Louis L. Goldstein, Calvert Co. Adrian P. Reed, Queen Anne's Co. Kingdon Gould, Jr., Howard Co. G. Donald Riley, Jr., Carroll Co. William Grant, Garrett Co. Mrs. Timothy Rodgers Benjamin H. Griswold III David Rogers, Wicomico Co. Willard Hackerman John D. Schapiro R. Patrick Hayman, Somerset Co. Jacques T. Schlenger Louis G. Hecht Jess Joseph Smith, Jr., Prince George's Co. Edwin Mason Hendrickson, Washington Co. John T. Stinson T. Hughlett Henry, Jr., Talbot Co. Bernard C. Trueschler Michael Hoffberger Thomas D. Washburne E. Ralph Hostetter, Cecil Co. Jeffrey P. Williamson, Dorchester Co. COUNCIL, 1984-1985 William Arnold Mrs. Jay Katz Mrs. Howard Baetjer II Mrs. John S. Kerns, Jr. Dr. D. Randall Beirne Jon Harlan Livezey Dr. George H. Callcott Walter D. Pinkard Mrs. Dudley I. Catzen George M. Radcliffe Donald L. DeVries Vernon Stricklin Mrs. Hammond J. Dugan III William C. Whitridge Arthur J. Gutman J. Jefferson Miller II, Director William B. Keller, Head Librarian Stiles Turtle Colwill, Curator of the Gallery Romaine Stec Somerville, Consultant MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE (ISSN 0025-4258) is published quarterly by The Museum and Library of Maryland History, The Maryland Historical Society, 201 W. Monument St., Baltimore, Md. 21201. Second class postagepaid at Baltimore, Md. and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER please send address changes to the MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 201 W. Monument St., Baltimore, Md. 21201. Composed and printed by Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Md. 21202. Copyright 1985, The Museum and Library of Maryland History, The Maryland Historical Society. IV4'3 D ume 80 Number 1 HISTORICAL Spring 1985 ISSN-0025-4258 CONTENTS Basil L. Crapster Hampton Furnace in Colonial Frederick County 1 David P. Erlick The Peales and Gas Lights in Baltimore 9 Robert F. Gould Eminent Chemists of Maryland 19 Bayly Ellen Marks Clifton Factory, 1810-1860—An Experiment in Rural Industrialization 48 Mark Walston Maryland Inventors and Inventions, 1830-1860 66 Book Reviews DiLisio, Maryland: A Geography, by Gary L. Browne • Capper, Power, and Shivers, Chesapeake Waters: Pollution, Public Health, and Public Opinion, 1607-1972, by Joseph L. Arnold • Paskoff, Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860, by David Curtis Skaggs • Newhall, Latent Image: The Discovery of Photography, by Laurie A. Baty .... 94 MARYLAND MAGAZINE OF GENEALOGY Robert F. McNamara In Search of the Carrolls of Belle Vue 99 Book Notes Langley, The Bean Family of Maryland, by Robert W. Barnes 114 NEWS AND NOTICES 115 "View from the Packet Wharf at French town ..." Bfenjamin] Henry Latrobe, [After 4] August 1806 Pencil, pen and ink, and watercolor. 21.6 cm. X 30.5 cm. Collection of Jack Latrobe Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764-1820) is generally acknowledged as America's first professional architect and engineer. During the quarter-century between his immigration from England in 1796 and his untimely death from yellow fever in New Orleans in 1820, he executed some of the most influential commissions in the nation's history, such as the Virginia State Penitentiary in Richmond, the Philadelphia Waterworks and the Bank of Pennsylvania in that city, the Baltimore Roman Catholic Cathedral, and St. John's Church and the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Less well known than his professional progeny is the legacy he left in pictures. Latrobe was a gifted artist, and as he traveled around his adopted land he sketched virtually every facet of the American scene: landscapes; town views; natural history subjects; architectural subjects such as mansions, churches, and taverns; technological subjects such as mills, bridges, quarries, and factories; and genre scenes or views of everyday life, depicting dress and diversions. In short, almost nothing escaped Latrobe's keen eye. Aside from the sheer beauty of his watercolors, Latrobe's sketchbooks have an even greater claim on our attention, for they are without parallel as graphic depictions of the early Republic. Published travelers' accounts from the period are legion, but there is no comparable collection of drawings by a trained artist that truly shows what America looked like then. Latrobe's sketchbooks are indeed invaluable historical documents. For the past fifteen years, the Maryland Historical Society has been sponsoring the documentary editing project of The Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. To date the project has produced a complete microfiche edition of all known Latrobe documents— letters, journals, sketches, architectural and engineering drawings, etc.—and has published six of what will be a nine-volume selected printed edition. The most recently published volume is the highlight of the series—Latrobe's View of America, 1795-1820: Selections from the Watercolors and Sketches. The book reproduces 160 of Latrobe's beautiful drawings, forty of them in color. On the cover of this issue is just one of the many Maryland scenes—"View from the Packet Wharf at French town." Frenchtown, like so many other small towns in America, existed as a link in a transportation network. It survived as long as the route of which it formed a part facilitated the movement of travelers and freight, and it died when that route was abandoned. For many years, Frenchtown was an important transfer point on the packet route between Philadelphia and Baltimore. The traveler starting from Philadelphia would sail south along the Delaware River to New Castle, Delaware. From there, he would journey west by stage across the Delmarva Peninsula to Frenchtown at the head of Elk River two miles south of Elkton. At Frenchtown, he would board a packet boat and sail south down the Elk River to the Chesapeake Bay, and then head further southward along the bay to Baltimore. The site of Frenchtown was first settled by Swedes before 1700. In 1755, French Acadians expelled from Nova Scotia migrated to this area and named their new village la ville Franqaise. Latrobe became well acquainted with Frenchtown when he surveyed the area in planning for the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. In making this drawing, Latrobe looked southeastward in order to sketch the landscape stretching down the Elk River. Pate's Creek, now called Perch Creek, flows in from the left. In the distance is the upper part of Back Creek Neck. In the foreground, Latrobe animated the scene with three figures clustered about a cabin, several barrels, and a hanging fishing net. Hampton Furnace in Colonial Frederick County BASIL L. CRAPSTER JL HE VICTORIES AND THEN THE CONCLU- stages of its processing through the offer of sion of the Seven Years War released a 100 acres of free land and the exemption of burst of energy in the mountains and val- the work force from road and militia duty.3 leys of western Maryland and the regions An entrepreneur needed an ore bank; a bordering them. Offered the prospect of a plentiful supply of timber for charcoal; wa- new security, speculators, developers, set- ter for power; communications by land or tlers, and assorted entrepreneurs moved water; a core of managerial and technical into the region to claim new lands, clear skills; unskilled labor; and capital. Deposits new farms, lay out new towns, and start of iron ore were found in a number of places new businesses. Capital and entrepreneu- in Frederick County. Timber covered the rial talent, or at least ambitions, were often mountains. Mountain streams could be supplied by gentry from the lower Tidewa- dammed. The optimist could envision wa- ter who had already extended their activi- ter transportation on the Monocacy River ties beyond management of their planta- system and an enlarged road network. Both tions. Of course, not all of these new ven- trained and unskilled labor was not in great tures lived up to expectations. A new town supply but could be produced—at a price. was easier to lay out than to develop and a Capital too was in short supply, but there new firm might run into unexpected and were those with it or at least with superior costly difficulties. One such unfortunate access to credit. Bringing these factors of venture was the Hampton Company, an production together was the task of the five iron-making operation in upper Frederick partners of Hampton Company, four of County. whom were planters, speculators, and busi- The Hampton Company left traces of its nessmen rooted in the southern Tidewater. existence in land and court records for dec- Benedict Calvert (c. 1724-1788) of An- ades after its demise.1 It is mentioned in napolis and "Mount Airy," Piscataway, histories of the area, if often ambiguously Prince George's County, certainly pos- or contradictorily, and always very briefly.2 sessed an illustrious name.4 An illegitimate No company records have been located.
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