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Arthur Conan Doyle 2 – Arthur Conan Doyle A HISTÓRIA DO ESPIRITUALISMO Arthur Conan Doyle Tradução do original: The History of Spiritualism (1926) Tradução: Louis Neilmoris Versão digitalizada abril, 2017 3 – A HISTÓRIA DO ESPIRITUALISMO Arthur Conan Doyle A HISTÓRIA DO ESPIRITUALISMO Tradução: Louis Neilmoris 4 – Arthur Conan Doyle Índice Apresentação desta tradução, por Louis Neilmoris – pag.6 Prefácio – pag.10 1. A História de Swedenborg – pag.13 2. Edward Irving: os “shakers” – pag. 23 3. O Profeta da Nova Revelação – pag. 35 4. O Episódio de Hydesville – pag. 47 5. A Carreira das Irmãs Fox – pag. 65 6. Primeiras manifestações na América – pag. 85 7. A Aurora na Inglaterra – pag. 103 8. Progressos contínuos na Inglaterra – pag. 117 9. A Carreira de D. D. Home – pag. 128 10. Os Irmãos Davenport – pag. 144 11. As pesquisas de Sir William Crookes (de 1870 a 1874) – pag. 156 12. Os Irmãos Eddy e os Holmes – pag. 171 13. Henry Slade e o Doutor Monck – pag. 189 14. Investigações Coletivas sobre o Espiritualismo – pag. 206 15. A Carreira de Eusapia Palladino – pag. 221 16. Grandes Médiuns de 1870 a 1900: Charles H. Foster, Madame d’Esperamce, William Eglinton, Stainton Moses – pag. 233 17. A Sociedade de Pesquisas Psíquicas – pag. 254 18. Ectoplasma – pag. 275 19. Fotografia Espiritual – pag. 296 20. Vozes mediúnicas e moldagens – pag. 312 21. Espiritualismo francês, alemão e italiano – pag. 324 22. Grandes médiuns modernos – pag. 340 23. O Espiritualismo e a Guerra – pag. 357 24. Aspecto religioso do Espiritualismo – pag. 370 25. O pós-morte visto pelos espiritualistas – pag. 390 APÊNDICE 1 – Notas ao capítulo 4 – pag. 398 Prova da assombração da casa de Hydesville antes de ser habitada pela família Fox 5 – A HISTÓRIA DO ESPIRITUALISMO APÊNDICE 2 – Notas ao capítulo 6 – pag. 403 Bico de pena do lago Harris por Laurence Oliphant APÊNDICE 3 – Notas ao capítulo 7 – pag. 405 Testemunho adicional do professor e da senhora de Morgan APÊNDICE 4 – Notas ao capítulo 10 – pag. 408 Os Davenports eram jograis ou espíritas? APÊNDICE 5 – notas ao capítulo 16 – pag. 409 A mediunidade do reverendo Stainton Moses APÊNDICE 6 – Notas ao capítulo 25 – pag. 412 Escrita automática de Mr. Wales 6 – Arthur Conan Doyle Apresentação desta tradução Consta no acervo de lançamentos da Editora Pensamento um livro intitulado "A História do Espiritismo", tradução por Julio de Abreu Filho para o original "The History of Spiritualism", da autoria de Arthur Conan Doyle. Entretanto, a começar pelo título, vê-se uma inexatidão na versão brasileira, o que — na ótica deste que ora escreve — compromete todo o trabalho. O termo inglês Spiritualism traduzido como Espiritismo não apenas é incorrespondente, como implica numa problemática de relevante peso para a configuração dos conceitos da Doutrina Espírita, alimentando assim uma já consagrada confusão quanto ao que é e o que não é inerente ao Espiritismo, posto que este se distinga do Espiritualismo — embora ambos compartilhem do mesmo fundamento primordial: a crença na vida espiritual. Daí por que esta tradução traz o epíteto "A História do Espiritualismo". O termo tradução carrega em si a ideia de uma exata e perfeita transposição entre idiomas acerca de uma mesma mensagem. Ocorre que nem sempre isso é possível, devido limitações linguísticas e distinções culturais, pois há palavras e expressões numa determinada língua que não encontram o equivalente noutra, fazendo com que muitas vezes um idioma importe palavras e frases. Foi assim que o nosso português se enriqueceu de tantos termos da língua francesa (especialmente no jargão culinário) e o tem feito do inglês (por exemplo, no campo tecnológico). O próprio ato de pôr no papel um pensamento já é um desafio e tanto, porque nosso pensar é dinâmico, intuitivo, enquanto que a linguagem é circunscrita a formas rígidas. E o que dizer de obras literárias e artísticas — que comumente são de grande complexidade? Dessa forma, toda tradução é, a bem da verdade, uma versão. Inclusive, a transposição ao pé da letra pode mesmo distorcer a mensagem, ou pelo menos impossibilitar seu entendimento, sem que se faça necessário toda uma dissertação extra, uma enorme nota de rodapé. Imagine, por exemplo, quão deselegante seria alguém em terras brasileiras indagar a idade de outrem pelos seguintes termos: "O quanto você é velho?". E imagine se o interlocutor for uma 7 – A HISTÓRIA DO ESPIRITUALISMO mulher! Pois bem, é exatamente assim que se pergunta a idade em inglês ("How old are you?"), porque essa expressão é da cultura inglesa. Embora possa parecer indelicadeza de minha parte, sinto-me forçado a discorrer sobre — e, de alguma forma criticar negativamente — a referida tradução daquela editora, não exatamente ortodoxismo, mas sim por necessidade, para que se compreenda bem a distinção entre os termos espiritismo e espiritualismo, haja visto que o próprio conteúdo original desde livro — por Sir Arthur Conan Doyle — trata em si essa diferença, e com bastante clareza, não conotando, em nenhum momento, qualquer ambiguidade. Para tanto, basta-nos ler o capítulo 21: "Espiritismo francês, alemão e italiano", pelo qual o nobre autor evidencia as características da Doutrina Espírita — a versão kardecista para o movimento espiritualista moderno —, dentre as variadas versões neoespiritualistas que brotaram daquele surto de manifestações espirituais (e não exatamente espíritas) daquele século XIX. Em face disso, ou seja, até pela facilidade de assimilação das ideias, faz- se mister que apliquemos os termos espiritualista e espiritualismo (spritual e spiritualism) ao que for inerente ao espiritualismo, e, por outro lado, os termos espírita e espiritismo (spiritist e spiritism) ao que pertencer ao universo da Doutrina Espírita — que, aliás, tem uma clara e objetiva formatação de seus conceitos. Apesar disso, louvamos o esforço daquela tradução, uma vez que — conquanto tenha, segundo nossa visão, se equivocado na equiparação dos termos espiritismo e espiritualismo, espírita e espiritualista — ainda assim proporcionou a muitos estudiosos espiritualistas brasileiros que não dominam a leitura inglesa o contato com esse importante documento que é esta obra do respeitado escritor. A História do Espiritualismo contém apenas uma breve descrição da grandeza da Doutrina Espírita e, portanto, não é uma das primeiras opções de leitura para quem quer conhecer as bases doutrinárias do Espiritismo. A estes, obviamente, aconselha-se primeiramente as obras de Allan Kardec ou, pelo menos, uma obra introdutória genuinamente espírita. A composição de Conan Doyle não deve ser classificada precisamente como uma obra espírita, bem como o autor, propriamente falando, não era um espírita e, pelo que se presume, não era um profundo conhecedor dos postulados kardecistas, tanto que para falar sobre o codificador espírita, valeu- se de escritos de uma terceira pessoa — Anna Blackwell, tradutora pioneira de Allan Kardec para o inglês. A Doutrina Espírita — tal e qual como legitimamente é o Espiritismo — lhe afigurava como mais uma vertente dentre os vários seguimentos do Espiritualismo Moderno. Tratando o sistema doutrinário de Allan Kardec como um modelo particular — a seu ver, tão válido 8 – Arthur Conan Doyle quanto os outros —, o criador de Sherlock Holmes apegara-se à generalidade para compor sua obra historiográfica do movimento neoespiritualista e, claro, para seu particular enriquecimento intelectual. Para ele, era importante estudar e pesquisar a generalidade e não se ater a uma só ótica doutrinária. Daí porque ele abrange, neste extraordinário livro, os mais variados apanhados sobre aquela cadeia de fenômenos espirituais — portanto, de caráter espiritualista —, cruzando informações de várias partes do planeta. Enfim, Conan Doyle era um espiritualista. Essa generalidade, que caracteriza A História do Espiritualismo, é o critério elementar que torna esta obra muito valiosa. Primeiramente porque seu autor não se atém a qualquer denominação. Além disso, devemos destacar a personalidade do escritor: um cavaleiro real reconhecido pelo império inglês. Logo, o espírita — e, de modo geral, todo estudioso da espiritualidade — encontrará na composição de Conan Doyle um rico acervo de informações daquele movimento histórico, acervo esse que só corrobora com Kardec, quando este dizia que o Espiritismo foi precursorizado por uma leva de eventos fenomenais que vieram lhe pavimentar o caminho, a fim de que, quando suas luzes fossem lançadas, os homens pudessem reconhecer seus postulados racionalmente — depois do escândalo e encanto provocados pelas manifestações espirituais. E, de fato, para entendermos bem a magnitude da revelação espírita, necessário se faz entendamos o seu entorno, ou seja, o contexto histórico da sua época. Nesse ponto, o livro do Arthur Conan Doyle ostenta o top de nossa indicação. Louis Neilmoris 9 – A HISTÓRIA DO ESPIRITUALISMO Para SIR OLIVER LODGE, F.R.S. Um grande líder, tanto na ciência física e psíquica. Tomado de respeito, Este trabalho lhe é dedicado Arthur Conan Doyle Presidente de honra da Federação Espírita Internacional Presidente da Aliança Espiritualista de Londres e Presidente do Colégio Britânico de Ciência Psíquica 10 – Arthur Conan Doyle Prefácio Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Este trabalho desenvolveu-se a partir de pequenos e desconectados capítulos até transformar-se em uma narrativa que, de certa forma, abrange toda a história do movimento Espiritualista. Esta gênese requer uma pequena explicação. Eu havia escrito certos estudos sem nenhum ulterior objetivo particular, salvo o de dar a mim mesmo, e para repassar
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