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Lecture 38. New Technologies for Lidar Applications

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Lecture 38. New Technologies for Lidar Applications Lecture 38. New Technologies For Lidar Applications Introduction Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs) Novel Doppler-Free Spectroscopy New Lasers New Diagnostic Instruments New Detectors and Receivers New Filters and Fibers Outlook Introduction Lidar technology development is mainly driven by three factors: (1) Measurement needs (science and application driven), (2) New physical interaction and process findings, and (3) New technologies development. Among these factors, new technology may be the most active factor as many new laser and optical detector technologies are becoming available. They are more powerful, stable, precise, and/or compact, enabling new lidars or lidar applications. Also with more powerful computers become available and cheaper, data acquisition (DAQ) and system control are in the revolution to replace traditional instruments with computer cards. It is necessary to keep an eye on the new technologies, and always look forward to the next level development and improvement. Holographic Optical Elements (HOE) Holographic Conical Scanning Telescope Holographic Optical Element (HOE) Courtesy of Geary Schwemmer Lidar with HOE Courtesy of Geary Schwemmer Angle multiplexed HOEs Courtesy of Geary Schwemmer Application of HOE in Airborne Fe Doppler Lidar Outgoing Return Laser Signal o Advanced Fe-Resonance/Rayleigh/Mie Doppler Lidar 35 Aircraft Viewport Window Holographic CW Dual Pulsed Alexandrite 744 nm Scanner f s fs Frequency 372 nm Ring-Laser Injection Acousto-Optic Doubler Seed Laser Frequency Shifter fs+ f (Oscillator + Amplifier) - fs f High-Resolution Frequency Cassegrain Trigger Wavelength meter Reference & Spectrum Analyzer Telescope Inquiry & Control Data Acquisition Record Pulse and Spectrum Control System Field Stop Signal PMT Collimating Interference Fabry-Perot Filter Etalon Lens Chopper High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Proposed Doppler Lidar Novel Doppler-Free Spectroscopy Saturation-fluorescence spectroscopy Saturation-absorption spectroscopy Polarization spectroscopy Zeeman 0.90 Transmitted Laser Power without Pump Transmitted Laser Power with Pump 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 Transmitted Power (Arb. Unit) 0.60 0.55 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 PIEZO Scan Voltage (Arb. Unit) New Lasers for Lidar Alexandrite ring laser, Nd:YAG family lasers Femeto-second lasers Diode lasers Fiber lasers … … Fiber Diode Laser Amplifier Diode Pump Laser New Diagnostic Instruments Wavelength Meter for cw and pulse lasers Spectrum Analyzer for cw and pulse lasers Laser Beam Profiler Energy/Power Meters with new accuracy, precision, resolution, speed, etc. New Detectors, Filters, Receivers, and Fibers Photo multiplier tube (PMT) Avalanch photo diode (APD) CCD Large optical mirrors Computer cards for DAQ and data processing Etalons Atomic and molecular filters Numerous new fibers Outlook for Lidar Lidar remote sensing is an advanced technology that is not only replacing conventional sensors in science study, environmental research, and industry application, but also creating new methods with unique properties that could not be achieved before. Lidar technology has been advanced dramatically in the past 20 years, owing to the new availability of lasers, detectors, creative people involved, and the demanding needs from various aspects. Potential growing points at this stage include (1) Solid-state resonance fluorescence lidar for mobile deployment globally (2) Extend measurement range into thermosphere and lower mesosphere (3) Doppler, DIAL, HSRL, and Raman lidar for lower atmosphere research (4) Target lidar for novel applications Always keep eyes open for new potentials: principles, phenomena, effects, and technologies to be applied in lidar remote sensing..
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