DOCSLIB.ORG

Political Change, Democracy, and Human Rights in Guyana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Political Change, Democracy, and Human Rights in Guyana ThirdWorld Quarterly, Vol 18, No 2, pp 267± 285, 1997 Political change,democracy, and humanrights in Guyana IVELAWL GRIFFITH Theannals of Guyana’ s politicalhistory will surely record 1992 as anhistoric year,for that year was amilestonein thetransition from authoritarian politics to democraticpolitics. Also signi® cant was theemergence from the political wildernessof Cheddie Jagan. Having ® rst enteredpolitics in 1946, Jagan was oustedfrom power by the British in 1953, and again in 1964, in collusion with theUSA, because of his communist orientation. Ironically, though, it was the USAitself that helped to engineer his return to power in 1992. The circum- stances thatled to the re-emergence of Jagan, and his re-emergence itself, have usheredin a newera inGuyanese politics, one which spotlights the triumphs andpitfalls of democracy and human rights in South America’ s onlyEnglish- speakingrepublic. Politicalanalysts accept that the status and conduct of both democracy and humanrights in various parts of the world are in¯uenced by the nature and operationof the political regime governing a particularsociety. With this in mind,this article examines the relationship between regime change and democ- racyand human rights in Guyana. The analysis shows that there has beenboth changeand continuity over the past decade; change in regime and regime politicsand policies, and continuity in regime policies that conditioned the environmentto pursuedemocracy. In Guyana, the constitution and the approach ofpolitical elites incorporate civil and political rights as wellas economicand socialones. However, given the link between the attainment of the latter set of rightsand the economic health of society on the one hand, and Guyana’ s economicdoldrums on the other, it is unreasonableto expect any major near-termadvancement in economic and social rights. Democracyand human rights in context FollowingSchmitter and Karl, democracy is usedhere to mean a system of governancewhere rulers are heldaccountable for their actions by citizens, acting throughcompetition and cooperation of their elected representatives. 1 This approachgoes beyond the formalistic, institutional approach, which de® nes democracyessentially as electoraldemocracy. 2 Electionsare centralto democ- racy.But because they are periodiccontestations where interest aggregation and representationare centredaround individual candidates or political parties, it is IvelawL Grif® this attheDepartment of Political Science, Collegeof Arts andSciences, DM483University Park, Miami,FL 33199,USA. 0143-6597/97/020267-19$7.00 Ó 1997Third World Quarterly 267 IVELAW LGRIFFITH importantto extend the de® nition of democracy to participation and policy choiceon a continualbasis andoutside parties, through interest groups and other socialmovements. Electionsconstitute a criticallegitimising mechanism in democracies. Hence, theyare necessary,and they need to be free andfair. But as LarmanWilson noted,` Toooften there is apreoccupationwith elections and ª procedural democracyº, andthe assumption that if theyare free,that is tantamountto being democraticor havinga democracy’. 3 Itis unrealisticto use electionsas thesole measure ofdemocratic strength. Douglas Payne, formerly the top Latin America andCaribbean analyst at Freedom House, is quiteright in observing:` Toassume thatelections alone are anaccurate gauge of the health of democracy is naive at best’ .4 Thus,for this writer democracy must provide for the exercise of civil andpolitical rights unencumbered by instrumentsof state coercion, whether with force,such as throughmilitary or police agencies, or without force, such as throughpartisan or corrupted judiciaries. A democraticenvironment must, therefore,re¯ ect the following: scope for political participation, central to which are free andfair elections; access todecision makers andinstitutions of government;responsiveness by political rulers; functionalcourts; and uncen- soredmedia. Humanrights thinking in Guyana, as re¯ected in domestic legal instruments, statementsby political leaders, and charters of human rights non-governmental groups,has beenin¯ uenced by both liberal and communalist thinking. 5 More- over,the approach to human rights is aninclusive one, encompassing civil and politicalrights as wellas economicand social rights. As mightbe expected,over theyears sinceindependence in 1966, there have been changes in emphasis amongthe various categories of rights, re¯ ecting shifts in the focus of the internationalcommunity, and domestic political and economic struggles. Central tothe nature and conduct of these struggles has beenthe nature and scope of politicalchange. Political change Onetypology of political regimes that explains political change in developing countrieslike Guyana is thatused by Joe Hagan.It describes ® vekinds of regimesalong a spectrumof close cohesion through to high fragmentation: dominanceby a singleindividual; dominance by a singlecohesive party with established,autonomous bureaucracies and institutions; dominance by a single partywith factional divisions; power sharing by arulingparty with one or more minorparties or groups; and no clear dominant group or a coalitionof autonomousgroups. 6 Irrespectiveof which regime typology is used,though, regimechange can be detected by observing the dynamics of the various domesticpolitical arenas, among them the cabinet, the legislature and the politicalparty of the regime leader(s). Alongwith his typology of regimes, Hagan developed a typologyof regime change.Under his schema, a TypeI regimechange is limitedto the removal or resignationof a toppolitical leader, but one who is notthe effective head of state.A TypeII changeinvolves a changein the effective head of state, but no 268 POLITICAL CHANGE INGUYANA changein thebasic political composition of theruling group. Regime change of thethird type involves adjustments in the mix of groups or factions that comprisethe ruling coalition, but that do notalter the essential political make-up ofthe regime. Type IV changeis whereone political group or set ofgroups is replacedby another, through routinised, constitutionally sanctioned procedures. The® naltype of regime change is wherethe entire ruling group is forcedfrom of®ce byanother group through illegal or irregularmeans, such as a coup d’ Âetat.7 Overthe past 12 years Guyanahas experiencedthree sets ofregime change. Usingthe Hagan approach, the death of ForbesBurnham on 6 August1985 led toa TypeII change,involving change of the effective head of state, but no changein thebasic composition of theruling People’ s NationalCongress ( PNC). HughDesmond Hoyte, Burnham’ s PrimeMinister and First Vice President, was identi®ed as successor toBurnham by a jointmeeting of the PNC’ s Central Committeeand the Cabinet within two hours of Burnham’s death.Hoyte became simultaneously PNC leaderand state president, passing over Ptolemy Reid, deputyleader and a formerprime minister, as wellas RandiChandisingh, PNC GeneralSecretary. The new regime pledged continuity at the party congress held twoweeks after Burnham’ s death,with Hoyte declaring ` Theleadership of the partyis pledgedto continue his [Burnham’ s] work’. 8 Withpresidential and parliamentary elections constitutionally due within sevenmonths of his accession to the presidency, Hoyte took the opportunity to `renew’the mandate of the PNC underhis stewardship, in elections held on 9 December1985. Guyana went through the motions of legitimacy without any realcorrelation between popular choice and political empowerment. As Perry Mars explained,Guyana’ s post-independenceelections have been less about choiceor changeof governmentthan a kindof nationalritual where contending partiesdramatise their particular mobilisation strategies. In that context, the rulingparty demonstrates its peculiar style of `neverloosing’ , ifnot necessarily `winning’, popularelections; opposition parties generally experiment with differ- entcombination tactics designed to demonstrate their popular appeal based on voterturnout at campaign meetings, rather than at theusually controversial polls. Inthis situation, ` thecampaign is thething, the elections a predictableanti- climax’ .9 UnderGuyana’ s electoralsystem, presidential and parliamentary elections are combined,and the leader of theparty with the largest parliamentary representa- tionbecomes president, having been earlier designated the presidential candidate andhead of the party list of candidates. There are 65seats inthe unicameral legislature,but only 53 are contesteddirectly. This is doneusing the list system ofproportional representation. Each of the 10 Regional Development Councils (RDCs) electsone representative for the Assembly, and the remaining two are identi®ed by the National Congress of Local Democratic Organs ( NCLDO). Electionsfor regional representation in the National Assembly and within the RDCsare alsoheld at the same time. 10 The1985 elections were contested by sevenpolitical parties, and according to the Elections Commission, the agency establishedunder the constitution to supervise national and local elections, the PNC won42 of the 53 directly contested National Assembly seats. The PNC was thus` returned’to power. 11 269 IVELAW LGRIFFITH Thecircumstances described above would seem ostensiblyto constitute continuityrather than change. However, for reasons explainedbelow, those circumstancesset thestage for a typeof regime change, which, modifying the Hagantypology, could be called Type VI regime change: where the dominant individualruler alters the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • India Guyana Bilateral Relation
    India-Guyana Bilateral Relations During the colonial period, Guyana's economy was focused on plantation agriculture, which initially depended on slave labour. Guyana saw major slave rebellions in 1763 and again in 1823.Great Britain passed the Slavery Abolition Act in British Parliament that abolished slavery in most British colonies, freeing more than 800,000 enslaved Africans in the Caribbean and South Africa. British Guiana became a Crown colony in 1928, and in 1953 it was granted home rule. In 1950, Mr. Cheddi Jagan, who was Indian-Guyanese, and Mr. Forbes Burnham, who was Afro-Guyanese, created the colony's first political party, the Progressive People's Party (PPP), which was dedicated to gaining the colony's independence. In the 1953 elections, Mr. Cheddi Jagan was elected chief minister. Mr. Cheddi Jagan of the PPP and Mr. Forbes Burnham of the PNC were to dominate Guyana politics for decades to come. In 1961, Britain granted the colony autonomy, and Mr. Cheddi Jagan became Prime Minister (1961–1964). In 1964, Burnham succeeded Jagan as Prime Minister, a position he retained after the country gained full independence on May 26, 1966. With independence, the country returned to its traditional name, Guyana. Mr. Burnham ruled Guyana until his death in 1985 (from 1980 to 1985, after a change in the constitution, he served as president). Mr. Desmond Hoyte of the PNC became president in 1985, but in 1992 the PPP reemerged, winning a majority in the general election. Mr. Cheddi Jagan became President, and succeeded in reviving the economy. After his death in 1997, his wife, Janet Jagan, was elected President.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribute for Janet Jagan
    Speech for the late Janet Jagan former President of Guyana at York College. Members of the head table, consul general of Guyana, Mr.Evans, ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. We are gathered here today to pay tribute to a great lady, a lady whom I protected while she served as Prime Minister and President of Guyana. I was honored as a member of the Presidential Guards to serve in this capacity. I was selected to join the Presidential Guards after Comrade Cheddi Jagan became President in 1992 and served as one his Bodyguards until his passing in 1997. The P.P.P won a landslide victory at the polls and he became the new president of Guyana, his wife Janet, became first lady. Prime Minister Samuel Hinds was sworn in as president, Janet Jagan became prime minister, after a year, elections were held and Janet won the Presidency. Comrades here in the Diaspora I don't want you to forget as soon as Cheddi was declared winner all hell broke loose, it was former President Jimmy Carter who saved the day. During this time, I witnessed the caring, compassionate and fearlessness of this great woman, Janet Jagan. Every morning before we left for the office of the President, she would give me a bag with President Cheddi's breakfast. She would then drive to the New Guyana Company, home of the Mirror Newspaper, without Bodyguards. As First Lady, she rarely traveled around with president Cheddi, she never liked the spotlight. However, she would accompany comrade Cheddi and the grandchildren, whom she loved dearly to the swimming pool, a car was sent to pick up Kellawan Lall's and Gail Texeira's and many other kids to go along with them.
    [Show full text]
  • Judgment of 18 December 2020
    18 DECEMBER 2020 JUDGMENT ARBITRAL AWARD OF 3 OCTOBER 1899 (GUYANA v. VENEZUELA) ___________ SENTENCE ARBITRALE DU 3 OCTOBRE 1899 (GUYANA c. VENEZUELA) 18 DÉCEMBRE 2020 ARRÊT TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROCEDURE 1-22 I. INTRODUCTION 23-28 II. HISTORICAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND 29-60 A. The Washington Treaty and the 1899 Award 31-34 B. Venezuela’s repudiation of the 1899 Award and the search for a settlement of the dispute 35-39 C. The signing of the 1966 Geneva Agreement 40-44 D. The implementation of the Geneva Agreement 45-60 1. The Mixed Commission (1966-1970) 45-47 2. The 1970 Protocol of Port of Spain and the moratorium put in place 48-53 3. From the good offices process (1990-2014 and 2017) to the seisin of the Court 54-60 III. INTERPRETATION OF THE GENEVA AGREEMENT 61-101 A. The “controversy” under the Geneva Agreement 64-66 B. Whether the Parties gave their consent to the judicial settlement of the controversy under Article IV, paragraph 2, of the Geneva Agreement 67-88 1. Whether the decision of the Secretary-General has a binding character 68-78 2. Whether the Parties consented to the choice by the Secretary-General of judicial settlement 79-88 C. Whether the consent given by the Parties to the judicial settlement of their controversy under Article IV, paragraph 2, of the Geneva Agreement is subject to any conditions 89-100 IV. JURISDICTION OF THE COURT 102-115 A. The conformity of the decision of the Secretary-General of 30 January 2018 with Article IV, paragraph 2, of the Geneva Agreement 103-109 B.
    [Show full text]
  • National Awards Are Given to Citizens of Guyana for Their Services They Would Have Given to Their Country
    MINISTRY OF EDUCATION PRIMARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME GRADE FOUR WORKSHEET-TERM 2 SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES WEEK 10: LESSON 2 TOPIC: NATIONAL AWARDS: NAMES OF AWARDEES. Name: ________________________________ Date: ________________________ FACTS/TIPS: National Awards are given to citizens of Guyana for their services they would have given to their country. Some citizens who have received National Awards were: President Janet Jagan received the Order of Excellence. She was a social worker and a great politician. She was also the first female Executive President of Guyana. Janet Clive Lloyd received the Cacique Crown of Honour. He was a great cricketer who captained the Guyana and West Indies Cricket Team during the 1980’s. Clive Lloyd 12 Mr. Ptolemy Reid received the Order of Excellence. He was a great politician and a former Prime Minister of Guyana He was also a successful farmer and a veterinarian. Ptolemy Reid The Woodside Choir received The Medal of Service. This group is made up of many musicians and singers, who performed at many national and international events. The Woodside Choir How recipients of National Awards should write their names? Persons who received National Awards should use the abbreviations of the awards after their names. Examples: Janet Jagan, OE Clive Lloyd, CCH The Woodside Choir, MS 13 ON YOUR OWN. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. Write your answers on the lines. (i) Name two citizens other than the ones mentioned above, who received National Awards. (i) __________________________________________________ (ii) __________________________________________________ (ii) Clive Lloyd received the Cacique Crown of Honour. Give one reason why he was given this award? ___________________________________________________________ For questions 3 to 5 write the names of the following persons after they would have received National Awards.
    [Show full text]
  • Hugh Desmond Hoyte, S.C. National Assembly Speeches Volume 4 Compiled by Maurice B
    HUGH DESMOND HOYTE, S.C. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SPEECHES VOLUME 4 8th January 1993 - 6th December 2001 i Hugh Desmond Hoyte, S.C. National Assembly Speeches Volume 4 Compiled by Maurice B. Henry for the National Assembly, Parliament of Guyana, 2012. This edition © The Caribbean Press, 2015 © The National Assembly of Guyana Cover design by Peepal Tree Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission. ISBN 978-1-907493-88-1 ii PREFACE On the death of Mr. Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham, President, on 6th August, 1985, Mr. Hugh Desmond Hoyte, Prime Minister, acceded to the Office of President. Following the 9th December, 1985 General Elections he was declared President. As his Biographical Summary shows, he held several Ministerial Offices including Vice-President and Prime Minister prior to these dates. Following the General Election held on 5th October, 1992 Dr. Cheddi Jagan was declared President on the 9th October. Mr. Hoyte became Minority Leader and he held this office until his death on 22nd December, 2002. This collection of his Parliamentary Speeches over the years 1969 to 2001 is the first step taken in keeping with the Fourth Resolved Clause of Resolution No. 67 dated 7th August, 2008 of the National Assembly, which states – “Be It Further Resolved: That this National Assembly calls on the Government to designate a State Institution to be responsible for Historical Research and Documentation to chronicle and archive all of the works of each of the Presidents of Guyana
    [Show full text]
  • Mensagem Nº 176
    MENSAGEM Nº 176 Senhores Membros do Senado Federal, De conformidade com o art. 52, inciso IV, da Constituição, e com o art. 39, combinado com o parágrafo único do art. 41, da Lei no 11.440, de 29 de dezembro de 2006, submeto à apreciação de Vossas Excelências a escolha, que desejo fazer, da Senhora MARIA CLARA DUCLOS CARISIO, Ministra de Primeira Classe da Carreira de Diplomata do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, para exercer o cargo de Embaixadora do Brasil junto à República Cooperativa da Guiana. Os méritos da Senhora Maria Clara Duclos Carisio que me induziram a escolhê-la para o desempenho dessa elevada função constam da anexa informação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Brasília, 9 de maio de 2019. EM nº 00127/2019 MRE Brasília, 2 de Maio de 2019 Excelentíssimo Senhor Presidente da República, De acordo com o art. 84, inciso XXV, da Constituição Federal, e com o disposto no artigo 39, combinado com o parágrafo único do artigo 41, da Lei nº 11.440, de 29 de dezembro de 2006, submeto à apreciação de Vossa Excelência o nome de MARIA CLARA DUCLOS CARISIO, ministra de primeira classe da Carreira de Diplomata do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, para exercer o cargo de Embaixadora do Brasil junto à República Cooperativa da Guiana. 2. Encaminho, anexos, informações sobre o país e curriculum vitae de MARIA CLARA DUCLOS CARISIO para inclusão em Mensagem a ser apresentada ao Senado Federal para exame por parte de seus ilustres membros. Respeitosamente, Assinado eletronicamente por: Ernesto Henrique Fraga Araújo 00001.002629/2019-01 OFÍCIO Nº 126/2019/CC/PR Brasília, 9 de maio de 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Commission of Inquiry Appointed to Inquire And
    REPORT OF THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY APPOINTED TO ENQUIRE AND REPORT ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING THE DEATH IN AN EXPLOSION OF THE LATE DR. WALTER RODNEY ON THIRTEENTH DAY OF JUNE, ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY AT GEORETOWN VOLUME 1: REPORT AND APPENDICES FEBRUARY 2016 Transmittal Letter Chapter 6 Contents Chapter 7 Table of Contents Chapter 8 Chapter 1 Chapter 9 Chapter 2 Tendered Exhibits Chapter 3 Procedural Rules Chapter 4 Correspondence Chapter 5 Editorial Note 1 2 Transmittal of Report of the Commission of Inquiry to enquire into and report on the circumstances surrounding the death in an explosion of the late Dr. Walter Rodney on the thirteenth day of June one thousand nine hundred and eighty at Georgetown To His Excellency David A. Granger President of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Your Excellency, In my capacity as Chairman of the Walter Rodney Commission of Inquiry, I have the honour to submit the Report of the Inquiry to which the President appointed us by Instrument dated 8th February, 2014. The Commissioners were, in the Instrument of Appointment, expected to submit their Report within ten (10) weeks from the start of the Commission. The Commission started its work on 28th April, 2014. As we understand it, the premise informing the early submission date was that the Commission coming thirty-four (34) years after the death of Dr. Walter Rodney and the events surrounding that event, would, in all probability, be supported by only a few persons volunteering to give evidence and/or having an interest in this matter.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korean Mass Games and Third Worldism in Guyana, 1980-1992 「鍛錬 された民のみぞ国づくりに役立つ」ガイアナにおける北朝鮮のマスゲー ムと第三世界主義 1980-1992
    Volume 13 | Issue 4 | Number 2 | Article ID 4258 | Jan 26, 2015 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus 'Only a disciplined people can build a nation': North Korean Mass Games and Third Worldism in Guyana, 1980-1992 「鍛錬 された民のみぞ国づくりに役立つ」ガイアナにおける北朝鮮のマスゲー ムと第三世界主義 1980-1992 Moe Taylor Abstract: As the 1970s drew to a close, Forbes appealing to a certain widespread longing Burnham (1923-85), Guyana's controversial within Guyanese culture for a more leader of 21 years, received Pyongyang's "disciplined" society. assistance in importing the North Korean tradition of Mass Games, establishing them as a major facet of the nation's cultural and political life during the 1980-92 period. The Introduction current study documents this episode in In the final months of 1979, while the Iran Guyanese history and seeks to explain why the hostage crisis and the Soviet invasion of Burnham regime prioritized such an Afghanistan dominated international headlines, experiment in a time of austerity and crisis, its the approximately 750,000 citizens of the South ideological foundations, and how Guyanese American republic of Guyana (formerly British interpreted and responded to Mass Games. Guiana) were informed by state-owned media I argue that the Burnham regime's enthusiasm about the coming arrival of a strange and for Mass Games can in large part be explained mysterious new thing called Mass Games, a by their adherence to a particular tradition of spectacle event that would be, according to one socialist thought which holds education and editorial, "the most magnificent in the history 1 culture as the foundation of development.
    [Show full text]
  • Fourth Hugh Desmond Hoyte Commemorative Lecture, 2011. Vision Or Pragmatism
    The 4th H D Hoyte Commemorative Lecture by Major General (retd) Joseph G Singh MSS, MSc, FRGS March 23, 2011 Topic- “Vision or Pragmatism: The Transformational Role of Hugh Desmond Hoyte, SC” Salutary Esteemed Chairman, Members of the Hoyte family, Ladies and Gentlemen, about two weeks before she passed away, President Hugh Desmond Hoyte’s widow, First Lady Joyce Hoyte requested through Ambassador Ronald Austin, that I deliver this 4th Hugh Desmond Hoyte Commemorative Lecture. The lecture should have been done on March 9, 2011 but because of her passing and funeral arrangements, it was re-scheduled to today. I am honoured to have been asked but regret that Mrs Hoyte is not present with us today although I have no doubt that she is here in spirit. That I should have been asked when there are so many other colleagues and friends of President Hoyte is very humbling and I wish to express my thanks to the relatives of President and Mrs Hoyte, to Ambassador Ronald Austin and to Bevon Currie and members of the Commemorative Committee for communicating with me the arrangements for today’s Lecture. Background Hugh Desmond Hoyte was born on 19 March 1929. He completed his secondary schooling and External Examinations leading up to the award of his Bachelor of Arts Degree. He was a High School Teacher in British Guiana and in Grenada. In 1959 he proceeded to the University of London where he completed his Bachelor of Laws and was called to the Bar of the Middle Temple. He returned to Guyana in1960 and joined the Law Firm of Clarke & Martin where he was associated with such luminaries as Eric Clarke, Babington Martin, LFS Burnham, Fred Wills and Fenton Ramsahoye.
    [Show full text]
  • IPED 25Successstories Magazi
    The contributions IPED has made in the last 25 years to our country is more than remarkable and we are satisfied with the impact we have had on the small and micro entrepreneurs. We will continue to evolve policies and strategies that will foster enterprise development resulting in wealth creation and poverty reduction. Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence 1 Helen Keller Many of the achievements of the world were accomplished by tired and discouraged men who kept on working Promoting the Author Unknown Development of Youth Entrepreneurship 254 SOUTH ROAD, BOURDA, GEORGETOWN, GUYANA CEO'S 226 4675, 225 8949 Applicants FAX: 223 7834 [email protected] MESSAGE should: www.ybi.com IPED is very much pleased to be a part of the success easy. All you have to do is visit our office and talk to Have a good or viable business idea or Region 1 Region 5 business plan. of so many entrepreneurs over the past 25 years. Those one of our officers or make a phone call and request Mabaruma 11 D'Edward Village Be unemployed or underemployed. listed in this book are only a handful of the thousands who that we come and visit you at your home or place of Be classified as being disadvantaged or West Bank Berbice were successful and their stories have been selected so business. All you need to start is your idea and we underprivileged. Region 2 Tel: 592-327-5367 that our readers and stakeholders can be inspired by their will help you develop it so that it becomes acceptable Have no access to capital or funding 54 Cotton Field innovation, dedication and hard work.
    [Show full text]
  • GIHR News – 2017 Emancipation Edition
    Founded as an online publication in 2016 in Guyana, GIHR News is a multimedia company with a global reach. PNC AT SIXTY Inside 1. Women, gender and the PNC at Sixty 1 2. Quotes of the President of Guyana 16 3. GIHR Tenth Conference 17 4. ACDA and Emancipation 34 5. 2017/18 Online /Home study courses 35 6. Welcome Assistant Professor Dr. Gillian Richards- Greaves 39 7. Acknowledgements 40 1 8. Advertisements Editorial Committee Deon AbramsTota Mangar Nigel Westmaas Timothy Crichlow Fitz Gladstone Alert David Hinds Hazel Woolford Videographer/Photographers Lawrence Gaskin Walter George Guest photographer Gillian Richards-Greaves Save the children. Enroll them in the Queens Daycare /Child development centre, at the Queenstown Church of the Nazarene, Laluni & Irving streets, Georgetown. Telephone #227-5093. Ask for Elvira Moses. 2 3 Women, Gender and the PNC at Sixty (1957-2017) By Hazel Maria Woolford 4 Names of Communities in Region 4 1. Roxanne Burnham gardens. 2. Melanie Damishana 3. Shirley Field-Ridley square Winifred Gaskin There is a secondary school, in region 6, which was named after Winifred Gaskin. The name of the Documentation Center of the former Ministry of Information was Winifred Gaskin Memorial Library. There is also a billboard, on the Buxton Public road, in her honour 5 6 The status and role of women and, gender in general elections, will be examined in this article. The PNC participated in the following elections: 12 August, 1957, 21 August, 1961, 7 December, 1964, 16 December, 1968, 16 July, 1973, 15 December, 1980, 9 December, 1985, 5 October, 1992, 15 December, 1997, 19 March, 2001, 28 August, 2006 28 November 2011, 11 May 2015 and in the selection process for the Presidential and Prime Ministerial candidates for the Presidential and Prime Ministerial candidates for General elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings and Debates of The
    PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF THE FIRST SESSION (2020-2025) OF THE TWELFTH PARLIAMENT OF GUYANA UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA HELD IN THE DOME OF THE ARTHUR CHUNG CONFERENCE CENTRE, LILIENDAAL, GREATER GEORGETOWN 6TH Sitting Thursday, 17TH September, 2020 The Assembly convened at 10.03 a.m. Prayers [Mr. Speaker in the Chair] MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (70) Speaker (1) *Hon. Manzoor Nadir, M.P., (Virtual Participation) Speaker of the National Assembly, Parliament Office, Public Buildings, Brickdam, Georgetown. MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT (37) (i) MEMBERS OF THE PEOPLE’S PROGRESSIVE PARTY/CIVIC (PPP/C) (37) Prime Minister (1) + Hon. Brigadier (Ret’d) Mark Anthony Phillips, M.S.S., M.P., Prime Minister, Prime Minister’s Office, Colgrain House, 205 Camp Street, Georgetown. Vice-President (1) + Hon. Bharrat Jagdeo, M.P., Vice-President, Office of the President, New Garden Street, Georgetown. + Cabinet Member * Non-Elected Speaker Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs (1) + Hon. Mohabir Anil Nandlall, M.P., Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Legal Affairs, Carmichael Street, Georgetown. Senior Ministers (16) + Hon. Gail Teixeira, M.P., (Region No. 7 – Cuyuni/Mazaruni), Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and Governance, Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs and Governance. Government Chief Whip, Office of the Presidency, New Garden Street, Georgetown. + Hon. Hugh H. Todd, M.P., [Absent - on Leave] (Region No. 4 – Demerara/Mahaica), Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lot 254 South Road, Georgetown. + Hon. Bishop Juan A. Edghill, M.S., J.P., M.P., Minister of Public Works, Ministry of Public Works, Wight’s Lane, Kingston, Georgetown.
    [Show full text]