Leitmotifs and Their Development
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The Individual Inventor Motif in the Age of the Patent Troll
Cotropia: THE INDIVIDUAL INVENTOR MOTIF THE INDIVIDUAL INVENTOR MOTIF IN THE AGE OF THE PATENT TROLL Christopher A. Cotropia* 12 YALE J.L. & TECH. 52 (2009) ABSTRACT The individual inventor motif has been part of American patent law since its inception. The question is whether the recent patent troll hunt has damaged the individual inventor's image and, in turn, caused Congress, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), and the courts to become less concerned with patent law's impact on the small inventor. This Article explores whether there has been a change in attitude by looking at various sources from legislative, administrative, and judicial actors in the patent system, such as congressional statements and testimony in discussions of the recent proposed patent reform legislation, the USPTO's two recently proposedsets ofpatent rules and responses to comments on those rules, and recent Supreme Court patent decisions. These sources indicate that the rhetoric of the motif has remained unchanged, but its substantive impact is essentially nil. The motif has done little to stave off the increasingly anti- individual-inventor changes in substantive patent law. This investigation also provides a broader insight into the various governmental institutions' roles in patent law by illustrating how different institutions have responded-or not responded-to the use of the individual inventor motif in legal andpolicy arguments. * Professor of Law, Intellectual Property Institute, University of Richmond Law School. Thanks to Kevin Collins, Jim Gibson, Jack Preis, Arti Rai, Josh Sarnoff, and the participants at the Patents and Entrepreneurship in Business and Information Technologies symposium hosted at George Washington University Law School for their comments and suggestions on an earlier draft. -
Complete Catalog of the Motivic Material In
Complete Catalog of the Motivic Material in Star Wars Leitmotif Criteria 1) Distinctiveness: Musical idea has a clear and unique melody, without being wholly derived from, subsidiary section within, or attached to, another motif. 2) Recurrence: Musical idea is intentionally repeated in more than three discrete cues (including cut or replaced cues). 3) Variation: Musical idea’s repetitions are not exact. 4) Intentionality: Musical idea’s repetitions are compositionally intentional, and do not require undue analytical detective work to notice. Principal Leitmotif Criteria (Indicated in boldface) 5) Abundance: Musical idea occurs in more than one film, and with more than ten iterations overall. 6) Meaningfulness: Musical idea attaches to an important subject or symbol, and accrues additional meaning through repetition in different contexts. 7) Development: Musical idea is not only varied, but subjected to compositionally significant development and transformation across its iterations. Incidental Motifs: Not all themes are created equal. Materials that are repeated across distinct cues but that do not meet criteria for proper leitmotifs are included within a category of Incidental Motifs. Most require additional explanation, which is provided in third column of table. Leit-harmonies, leit-timbres, and themes for self-contained/non-repeating set-pieces are not included in this category, no matter how memorable or iconic. Naming and Listing Conventions Motifs are listed in order of first clear statement in chronologically oldest film, according to latest release [Amazon.com streaming versions used]. For anthology films, abbreviations are used, R for Rogue One and S for Solo. Appearances in cut cues indicated by parentheses. Hyperlinks lead to recordings of clear or characteristic usages of a given theme. -
A Divine Round Trip: the Literary and Christological Function of the Descent/Ascent Leitmotif in the Gospel of John
University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2014 A Divine Round Trip: The Literary and Christological Function of the Descent/Ascent Leitmotif in the Gospel of John Susan Elizabeth Humble University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Humble, Susan Elizabeth, "A Divine Round Trip: The Literary and Christological Function of the Descent/ Ascent Leitmotif in the Gospel of John" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 978. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/978 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. A Divine Round Trip: The Literary and Christological Function of the Descent/Ascent Leitmotif in the Gospel of John _________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the University of Denver and the Iliff School of Theology Joint PhD Program University of Denver ________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _________ by Susan Elizabeth Humble November 2014 Advisor: Gregory Robbins ©Copyright by Susan Elizabeth Humble 2014 All Rights Reserved Author: Susan Elizabeth Humble Title: A Divine Round Trip: The Literary and Christological Function of the Descent/Ascent Leitmotif in the Gospel of John Advisor: Gregory Robbins Degree Date: November 2014 ABSTRACT The thesis of this dissertation is that the Descent/Ascent Leitmotif, which includes the language of not only descending and ascending, but also going, coming, and being sent, performs a significant literary and christological function in the Gospel of John. -
A Computational Lens Into How Music Characterizes Genre in Film Abstract
A computational lens into how music characterizes genre in film Benjamin Ma1Y*, Timothy Greer1Y*, Dillon Knox1Y*, Shrikanth Narayanan1,2 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA YThese authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Film music varies tremendously across genre in order to bring about different responses in an audience. For instance, composers may evoke passion in a romantic scene with lush string passages or inspire fear throughout horror films with inharmonious drones. This study investigates such phenomena through a quantitative evaluation of music that is associated with different film genres. We construct supervised neural network models with various pooling mechanisms to predict a film's genre from its soundtrack. We use these models to compare handcrafted music information retrieval (MIR) features against VGGish audio embedding features, finding similar performance with the top-performing architectures. We examine the best-performing MIR feature model through permutation feature importance (PFI), determining that mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and tonal features are most indicative of musical differences between genres. We investigate the interaction between musical and visual features with a cross-modal analysis, and do not find compelling evidence that music characteristic of a certain genre implies low-level visual features associated with that genre. Furthermore, we provide software code to replicate this study at https://github.com/usc-sail/mica-music-in-media. This work adds to our understanding of music's use in multi-modal contexts and offers the potential for future inquiry into human affective experiences. -
A Thematic Approach to Emerging Narrative Structure Charlie Hargood David E
A Thematic Approach to Emerging Narrative Structure Charlie Hargood David E. Millard Mark J. Weal Learning Societies Lab Learning Societies Lab Learning Societies Lab School of Electronics and School of Electronics and School of Electronics and Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science University of Southampton University of Southampton University of Southampton +44 (0)23 8059 7208 +44 (0)23 8059 5567 +44 (0)23 8059 9400 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT information representation that are well established as an In this paper we look at the possibility of using a thematic model engaging way of representing an experience. Narrative generation of narrative to find emergent structure in tagged collections. We is a field that seeks to explore alternative representations of propose that a thematic underpinning could provide the narrative narrative, and investigate the possibility of automatically direction which can often be a problem with stories from existing generating custom stories from information collections. There are narrative generation methods, and present a thematic model of a wide variety of different techniques for narrative generation narrative built of narrative atoms and their features, motifs and ranging from structured narrative grammars to emergent themes. We explore the feasibility of our approach by examining narratives. However the narratives generated can seem flat, how collaborative tags in online collections match these lacking engagement and direction. properties, and find that while tags match across the model the In our work we are exploring a thematic approach to solving some majority are higher level (matching broader themes and motifs of the problems with narrative generation. -
The Virtual Worlds of Japanese Cyberpunk
arts Article New Spaces for Old Motifs? The Virtual Worlds of Japanese Cyberpunk Denis Taillandier College of International Relations, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto 603-8577, Japan; aelfi[email protected] Received: 3 July 2018; Accepted: 2 October 2018; Published: 5 October 2018 Abstract: North-American cyberpunk’s recurrent use of high-tech Japan as “the default setting for the future,” has generated a Japonism reframed in technological terms. While the renewed representations of techno-Orientalism have received scholarly attention, little has been said about literary Japanese science fiction. This paper attempts to discuss the transnational construction of Japanese cyberpunk through Masaki Goro’s¯ Venus City (V¯ınasu Shiti, 1992) and Tobi Hirotaka’s Angels of the Forsaken Garden series (Haien no tenshi, 2002–). Elaborating on Tatsumi’s concept of synchronicity, it focuses on the intertextual dynamics that underlie the shaping of those texts to shed light on Japanese cyberpunk’s (dis)connections to techno-Orientalism as well as on the relationships between literary works, virtual worlds and reality. Keywords: Japanese science fiction; cyberpunk; techno-Orientalism; Masaki Goro;¯ Tobi Hirotaka; virtual worlds; intertextuality 1. Introduction: Cyberpunk and Techno-Orientalism While the inversion is not a very original one, looking into Japanese cyberpunk in a transnational context first calls for a brief dive into cyberpunk Japan. Anglo-American pioneers of the genre, quite evidently William Gibson, but also Pat Cadigan or Bruce Sterling, have extensively used high-tech, hyper-consumerist Japan as a motif or a setting for their works, so that Japan became in the mid 1980s the very exemplification of the future, or to borrow Gibson’s (2001, p. -
ELEMENTS of FICTION – NARRATOR / NARRATIVE VOICE Fundamental Literary Terms That Indentify Components of Narratives “Fiction
Dr. Hallett ELEMENTS OF FICTION – NARRATOR / NARRATIVE VOICE Fundamental Literary Terms that Indentify Components of Narratives “Fiction” is defined as any imaginative re-creation of life in prose narrative form. All fiction is a falsehood of sorts because it relates events that never actually happened to people (characters) who never existed, at least not in the manner portrayed in the stories. However, fiction writers aim at creating “legitimate untruths,” since they seek to demonstrate meaningful insights into the human condition. Therefore, fiction is “untrue” in the absolute sense, but true in the universal sense. Critical Thinking – analysis of any work of literature – requires a thorough investigation of the “who, where, when, what, why, etc.” of the work. Narrator / Narrative Voice Guiding Question: Who is telling the story? …What is the … Narrative Point of View is the perspective from which the events in the story are observed and recounted. To determine the point of view, identify who is telling the story, that is, the viewer through whose eyes the readers see the action (the narrator). Consider these aspects: A. Pronoun p-o-v: First (I, We)/Second (You)/Third Person narrator (He, She, It, They] B. Narrator’s degree of Omniscience [Full, Limited, Partial, None]* C. Narrator’s degree of Objectivity [Complete, None, Some (Editorial?), Ironic]* D. Narrator’s “Un/Reliability” * The Third Person (therefore, apparently Objective) Totally Omniscient (fly-on-the-wall) Narrator is the classic narrative point of view through which a disembodied narrative voice (not that of a participant in the events) knows everything (omniscient) recounts the events, introduces the characters, reports dialogue and thoughts, and all details. -
Literary Motif of Pain in the Framework of Cognitive Narratology
Science and Education a New Dimension. Philology, VII(60), Issue: 204, 2019 Sept. www.seanewdim.com Literary motif of pain in the framework of cognitive narratology I. O. Koliesnik Kyiv National Linguistic University Paper received 25.08.19; Revised 07.09.19; Accepted for publication 11.09.19. https://doi.org/10.31174/SEND-Ph2019-204VII60-11 Abstract. This article investigates the literary motif of pain with regards to current findings of cognitive narratology and the philosophy of mind, used to highlight the conceptual nature of this phenomenon. Recurrent identifiable patterns of the said motif are likely, as this research suggests, to reveal not only its complicated internal structure in the narrative realization, but also serve as another compelling proof of the human mind operating in a pattern-recognition mode. The article expounds the above idea by presenting a case-study of E. Hemingway’s “For Whom the Bell Tolls” in terms of the motif of pain. Keywords: literary motif, cognitive narratology, pattern, narrative, pattern-recognition mode, pain. Any perception of fictional or non-fictional textual arte- research focuses on the analysis of mental processes that facts is inevitably conditioned and, therefore, enabled by enable a person’s understanding of what the narrative is, the readers’ recognition and interpretation of themes, top- consequently, letting the readers navigate “storyworlds” ics, and structures recurrent in a literary text. [10, p. 103] to the extent that ensures the smooth run of the Recent studies in cognitive neuroscience define mind interpretation process. The way interpreters’ employ the and its primary activity as “pattern extractors/-ing” [3], author’s provided set of characters involved, the temporal with Gerald Edelman’s claiming ‘the “primary mode” of and spatial dimensions of the text and a functioning model thought to be a “pattern recognition’ [4, p.103]. -
A European Singspiel
Columbus State University CSU ePress Theses and Dissertations Student Publications 2012 Die Zauberflöte: A urE opean Singspiel Zachary Bryant Columbus State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Bryant, Zachary, "Die Zauberflöte: A urE opean Singspiel" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 116. https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations/116 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at CSU ePress. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSU ePress. r DIE ZAUBEFL5TE: A EUROPEAN SINGSPIEL Zachary Bryant Die Zauberflote: A European Singspiel by Zachary Bryant A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements of the CSU Honors Program for Honors in the Bachelor of Arts in Music College of the Arts Columbus State University Thesis Advisor JfAAlj LtKMrkZny Date TttZfQjQ/Aj Committee Member /1^^^^^^^C^ZL^>>^AUJJ^AJ (?YUI£^"QdJu**)^-) Date ^- /-/<£ Director, Honors Program^fSs^^/O ^J- 7^—^ Date W3//±- Through modern-day globalization, the cultures of the world are shared on a daily basis and are integrated into the lives of nearly every person. This reality seems to go unnoticed by most, but the fact remains that many individuals and their societies have formed a cultural identity from the combination of many foreign influences. Such a multicultural identity can be seen particularly in music. Composers, artists, and performers alike frequently seek to incorporate separate elements of style in their own identity. One of the earliest examples of this tradition is the German Singspiel. -
ATINER's Conference Paper Series LNG2015-1680
ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: LNG2014-1176 Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER's Conference Paper Series LNG2015-1680 Transformed Precedent Phrases in the Headlines of Online Media Texts. Paratextual Aspect Darya Mironova Associate Professor Chelyabinsk State University Russia 1 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: LNG2015-1680 An Introduction to ATINER's Conference Paper Series ATINER started to publish this conference papers series in 2012. It includes only the papers submitted for publication after they were presented at one of the conferences organized by our Institute every year. This paper has been peer reviewed by at least two academic members of ATINER. Dr. Gregory T. Papanikos President Athens Institute for Education and Research This paper should be cited as follows: Mironova, D. (2015). "Transformed Precedent Phrases in the Headlines of Online Media Texts. Paratextual Aspect", Athens: ATINER'S Conference Paper Series, No: LNG2015-1680. Athens Institute for Education and Research 8 Valaoritou Street, Kolonaki, 10671 Athens, Greece Tel: + 30 210 3634210 Fax: + 30 210 3634209 Email: [email protected] URL: www.atiner.gr URL Conference Papers Series: www.atiner.gr/papers.htm Printed in Athens, Greece by the Athens Institute for Education and Research. All rights reserved. Reproduction is allowed for non-commercial purposes if the source is fully acknowledged. ISSN: 2241-2891 04/11/2015 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: LNG2015-1680 Transformed Precedent Phrases in the Headlines of Online Media Texts. Paratextual Aspect Darya Mironova Associate Professor Chelyabinsk State University Russia Abstract The paper studies transformed precedent phrases in the headlines of American and British online media texts with the aim to explore paratextual peculiarities of their functioning. -
Animals, Mimesis, and the Origin of Language
Animals, Mimesis, and the Origin of Language Kári Driscoll One imitates only if one fails, when one fails. Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus Prelude: Forest Murmurs Reclining under a linden tree in the forest in Act II of Richard Wagner’s opera Siegfried, the titular hero is struck by the sound of a bird singing above him. “Du holdes Vöglein! / Dich hört’ ich noch nie,” he exclaims.1 Having just been musing on the identity of his mother, whom he never knew, Siegfried interprets the interruption as a message of some sort: “Verstünd’ ich sein süßes Stammeln! / Gewiß sagt’ es mir ’was, / vielleicht von der lieben Mutter?” He cannot understand the bird’s song, but it simply must be saying something to him; if only he could learn its language somehow. (Er sinnt nach. Sein Blick fällt auf ein Rohrgebüsch unweit der Linde.) Hei! ich versuch’s, sing’ ihm nach: auf dem Rohr tön’ ich ihm ähnlich! Entrath’ ich der Worte, achte der Weise, sing’ ich so seine Sprache, versteh’ ich wohl auch, was es spricht. (Er hat sich mit dem Schwerte ein Rohr abgeschnitten, und schnitzt sich eine Pfeife draus.)2 Siegfried’s reasoning here presupposes a direct correlation between imitation (μίμησις) and speech (λόγος): simply replicating the sound of this utterance will automatically provide access to the meaning of that utterance. According to such a mimetic model of language, the signifier and the signified are one and the same. Readers familiar with the opera will already know the outcome of Siegfried’s attempt to imitate the forest bird, but for the moment suffice it 1 Richard Wagner: “Zweiter Tag: Siegfried.” In: Gesammelte Schriften und Dichtungen. -
Alfred Music Submission Guidelines for Concert Band
Alfred Music Submission Guidelines For Concert Band At Alfred Music, we believe that everyone should have the opportunity and necessary information to submit music to be considered for publication. We encourage composers of all backgrounds and levels of experience to create and submit music for review. In addition to full-time composers, teachers are very often some of the best writers of educationally focused music—finding the balance between art and education is a challenge, but one that we encourage you to try. The framework that follows is designed to aid in the creation of music that fosters the education and growth of instrumental music students from all over the world. Please view these as guidelines rather than rules, as musical context is also very important in defining grade levels. Music that is submitted must be in the public domain or an original work. The instrumentation must align with our offered series, and works must be intended for the educational market. Our catalogs are not without limits—with that in mind, please do not be discouraged if your submission is not accepted for publication. Publication decisions are multifaceted; if a piece does not move forward for publication that is not always an indication of the quality of the writing. Also, with the number of submissions we receive, it is impossible to provide specific feedback about why a piece may not have been accepted. We sincerely appreciate your understanding and want you to know that every submitted piece will be reviewed and responded to. Thank you for considering Alfred Music as a home for your music! Please begin the submission process by reviewing our most recent releases to ensure that your creative work is targeted to our audience and in alignment with our guidelines.