Intranasal Antiviral Drug Delivery and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a State of the Art Review
Intranasal Antiviral Drug Delivery and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A State of the Art Review Thomas S. Higgins1, 2, Arthur W. Wu3, Elisa A. Illing4, Kevin J. Sokoloski5, 6, Bree A. Weaver7, Benjamin P. Anthony4, Nathan Hughes8, Jonathan Y. Ting4 1Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA 2Rhinology, Sinus, and Skull Base, Kentuckiana Ear, Nose, and Throat, Louisville, Kentucky, USA 3Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA 4Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA 6Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville Kentucky, USA 7Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 8Pharmacy Operations, Kindred Healthcare Support Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Abstract Objective To provide a state of the art review of intranasal antiviral drug delivery and to discuss current applications, adverse reactions, and future considerations in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data Sources PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov search engines. Review Methods A structured search of the current literature was performed of dates up to and including April 2020. Search terms were queried as related to topics of antiviral agents and intranasal applications. A series of video conferences was convened among experts in otolaryngology, infectious diseases, public health, pharmacology, and virology to review the literature and discuss relevant findings. Conclusions Intranasal drug delivery for antiviral agents has been studied for many years.
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