Facts about Coventry Tips and Tricks

The Homepage

When on the homepage of Facts about Coventry (Figure 1), there are links available below the immediate description. provides a brief overview of Coventry facts and figures, using the State of the City report. links to Coventry's latest, end-of-year Performance Reports. There are two types of report: progress against the priorities and targets of the Coventry Local Area Agreement and progress against the full set of National Indicators. From the Performance Reports page, you can return to the homepage by clicking the green Facts about Coventry button. There is also a link to an on the homepage, where feedback can be given about the Facts about Coventry project. There are numerous other links on the left-hand side of the screen which provide access to further information regarding Coventry Partnership.

Figure 1

Further down the page, eleven images represent eleven themes under which information is grouped. To access the available information, choose a category (e.g. "People and Place") by clicking one of the images at the bottom of the screen (Figure 2). Once selected, a list of sub-categories is obtained.

From here, click the right or left arrow button. The pictures will rotate, moving from sub-category to sub-category (e.g. "Information about Households").

1 Click on the arrow once the desired sub-category has appeared. This will stop the pictures moving. From here, individual data entries can be accessed under the sub-category. Each entry will be named according to its title (e.g. "Size of Population") and its form (e.g. Neighbourhood Maps). Other forms available include Performance Reports and Survey Data. Selections will then appear in a new window. If preferred, instead of the Flash-based System, a list of all of the entries and categories can be accessed by selecting .

Figure 2

Neighbourhood Maps

When selecting a neighbourhood map in Facts about Coventry, a screen as in Figure 3 will appear. The name of the data set currently showing on the map appears at the very top of the page. It typically states the Facts About Coventry theme, indicator and time period being displayed. In Figure 3, the theme is "People and Place", the indicator is "Population Estimate- all persons" for the time period "2008". The data set which initially appears on screen is generally the most relevant for performance data. There may be other data available to view, linked to the indicator theme. The other data sets can be accessed by clicking on: .

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Figure 3

The data is usually mapped initially into wards of Coventry, e.g. Bablake ward, or the lowest level of detail if not available at ward level. Areas are colour- coded according to where their value falls within the distribution of the whole indicator. The default is to split the distribution into five equally-sized groups, or quantiles. The darkest colours represent the highest values. For example, in Figure 3, the darkest blue represents 18,869- 20,510, the highest value data. Here, this comprises three wards. The lightest coloured wards represent the lowest values. Indeed, the white represents 15,136-15,834, the lowest value data, comprising four wards.

3 Index

a) Buttons

These are situated above the map and provide access to controlling various functions of the neighbourhood map, such as filtering.

b) The Map

This is the data that has been chosen (e.g. "Population of Religious Groups") mapped into colour-coded form over a Google Map image of Coventry and its surrounding area.

c) Legend

To the left of the map, the legend box highlights the colour-coding of each value. Here, various editing functions can be carried out

d) Data List Box

Situated to the right of the map, this box lists all of the indicators available for this data view.

e) Time Series

The graph at the bottom left of the page is a Time Series, displaying how the highlighted data has progressed over a number of years.

f) Comparator Box

This is the box above the time series that highlights the values of the comparators being used.

g) Pie Chart

The pie chart below the legend box shows how the data has been organised into colour-coded scores.

h) Information Box

This box provides a brief description of what the viewable data is showing.

Glossary

4 The data list box, the time series and Histogram are all directly linked to the map. When an area is selected on the map, it appears fluorescent green, a colour distinctive from the rest of the map. Selecting an area causes it to be simultaneously highlighted in the other three sections. Similarly, when an area is selected in the data list box, for instance, it is highlighted elsewhere too. For example, in Figure 4, when the Foleshill ward is selected, it is also highlighted in the other three boxes e.g. the time series for this indicator is shown. Furthermore, when holding down Ctrl, more than one area can be selected to appear highlighted on the map, as well as in the other three associated sections.

Figure 4

Each box can be edited. In the top right hand corner of each box, once hovered over, there are three editing options available.

Firstly, the box can be maximised to fill the entire screen by selecting the option (Figure 5).

Afterwards, the map can be minimised by clicking the option in the top right hand corner.

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Figure 5

Secondly, each of the boxes, such as the map, can be dragged and resized using the option (Figure 6). This enables the user to customise the data view to meet their specific needs.

Figure 6

Thirdly, the boxes can be removed altogether by selecting the option (Figure 7). 6

Figure 7

Furthermore, there is the opportunity to insert your own text or shape onto the page. This could be useful, for instance, if you want to give an alternative title to the map for your own purposes, such as in Figure 8.

Figure 8

7 Inserting text can be done by clicking on the button which is at the left of the map, and then clicking on "Add Text". This brings you to a pop-up box called the Text Editor which gives you space to write the necessary text, as well as some basic editing tools, e.g. font/size of text (Figure 9). Simply write your text and click "Add" to make it appear on the page. Select remove all to delete the text.

Figure 9

For those with visual impairment issues, the text size in the neighbourhood maps can be enlarged by using the magnifier. This can be found offline under: All Programs > Accessories > Accessibility > Magnifier. This splits the screen, with the area that the cursor is over being magnified above (Figure 10). Thus, the information box and data box can be better read using this function. Click "Exit" to return to the default view. It is worth noting that the zoom function in Internet Explorer cannot be used for the same effect, due to its incompatibility with Flash.

Figure 10 8 a) Buttons

All of the box-editing changes discussed can be cancelled by clicking located on the top row of buttons (Figure 12). This will return everything on the neighbourhood map to how it was when the page was first accessed.

At any point, a screenshot of the map can be saved by selecting the button, from which the image can be exported. It can be saved in either JPEG or PNG form. Once saved, the image can be edited and/or printed. Either the full screen can be exported, or it can be chosen to export individual components of the report e.g. the legend (Figure 13). It is also worth noting that a screenshot can also be taken of the screen using the usual method i.e. by pressing Ctrl+PrtScrn.

Figure 11

Figure 12

The logo for Coventry Partnership at the top-right of the page acts as a link to the homepage of Coventry Partnership. The button just below this is a direct link back to the Facts about Coventry Homepage.

The button is used for accessing other data associated with the chosen indicator or theme (Figure 14). For instance, in this example, there are indicators listed linked to unemployment e.g. "% of working age population claiming Jobseeker's Allowance".

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Figure 13

By clicking on the overall theme (e.g. "Economy, learning, skills and employment", Figure 14), the available data options are opened up. Once an option is selected, this data will then be mapped in place of the previously viewed data. If data exists, individual time series can be selected. For instance, in Figure 15, the data for "% of working age population claiming Jobseeker's Allowance" can be mapped for every quarter from 2004 to 2009, by selecting the required quarter. By re-selecting the Data List button, the window will close.

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Figure 14

The button limits map access to a particular area of the city. This can be done by Neighbourhood Management Area, Ward or MSOA, depending on its availability for that particular indicator or the level that you are viewing at. For instance, data can be highlighted on the map just for the North East Management Area of Coventry (Figure 16). This also means that the value distribution, which is shown in the histogram and legend, will only use data concerning the filtered area.

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Figure 15

The button allows access to detailed background information about the data shown, i.e. metadata (Figure 17). This may include the original source of the data. More importantly, there may be a link provided to download the data into an Excel spreadsheet.

Figure 16

12 In neighbourhood maps which display National Indicator data views (e.g. "NI 152 % of Working Age Population Claiming Out of Work Benefits", there is an option to select . This links to a list of available performance reports, from which the specific National Indicator can be chosen. b) The Map

When first entering a neighbourhood map on Facts about Coventry, the default is for the data to appear at ward level. However, depending on the availability in the indicator selected, it is possible to access the mapped data at different levels of geographical detail. Therefore, lower or greater detail can be applied to the data being mapped. There are four different levels of detail available: LSOAs; MSOAs; Wards; Parliamentary Constituencies.

In order to navigate between these levels, there are two buttons to the top left of the screen, above the indicator title and button row (Figure 18).

Figure 17

From the default ward level, clicking "Map of Larger Areas", will take you to the Parliamentary Constituencies level, which is the broadest possible area to view. By clicking "Map of Smaller Areas", you will be taken to MSOA level. By clicking this button again, you will be taken to LSOA level, as in Figure 19 which is the most detailed possible level to view data.

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Figure 18

The contextual background map behind the data is powered by Google Maps. Therefore, a high level of detail can be obtained at a low level when zoomed in. The zoom function is on the top left of the map. By clicking on the button, a particular part of the map can be zoomed in on (Figure 20). Here, particular details of the map can be better understood, such as the density of housing in an area. For instance, in figure 20, the map area of the Earlsdon ward is zoomed in on. To zoom out again to the desired distance, press the button.

Figure 19

14 The different types of maps made available by Google which can be toggled between. These can be accessed by pulling down the menu at the top of the map. There are four types of background maps available to use: Map (Road Names), which is the default background; Satellite (Aerial Images); Terrain; Hybrid (Aerial Images and Road Names).

NB. If the data view enters at a world map level, click on the icon in order to return the map to the correct Coventry-level view.

c) Legend

There are further pieces of editing that can be done to the map. These are filed under "Legend Settings" and can be accessed by selecting the icon above the legend (Figure 21).

Figure 20

Once selected, a "Legend Settings" box is opened, with several options available to edit how the map is displayed (Figure 22).

Figure 21

15 Firstly, the border colour of the map can be altered to a wide-ranging palette by ticking the box. For instance, in Figure 23, the border has been changed to red.

Figure 22

Secondly, the transparency of the colour-coded geographic areas can be changed using the arrow bar. Sliding the arrow bar towards the right will decrease transparency. In order to better view the street map, transparency can be increased by sliding the arrow bar towards the left. Figure 24 is an example of greater transparency than default.

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Figure 23 Thirdly, the palette of the colour-coded geographic areas can be altered. There are various options for alternative palettes dependent on preference. For instance, Figure 25 is an example of the map with the palette having changed from default.

Figure 24

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The palette can also be reversed. Here, the darker colours represent the lower values, with the lighter colours representing the higher values. This can be useful if trying to show an indicator where achieving a low value represents a poor performance. The example in Figure 26 below shows the palette in Figure 25 having been reversed.

Figure 25

Fourthly, the number of classes that the data is divided up into can be changed. This alters the distribution of values across the map. The default number of classes is 5. The number of classes can be changed between 2 and 10. Figure 27 is an example of the map changed to 2 classes. This creates a clearly divisive map, whereas a map with more than 5 classes will result in a more colour varied map.

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Figure 26

Fifthly, the type of classifiers can be altered. This changes how data on the map is organised into different colour-coded groups. This is highlighted in the legend. There are five different ways in which this can be done: Quantile, the default classifier; Equal Interval; Natural Breaks; Continuous and Standard Deviation (Figure 28).

Figure 27

19 For example, selecting Standard Deviation as a classifier means that the value distribution on the map is organised by how far an area's score deviates above or below the mean. The legend and pie chart highlight that the colour coded sections are no longer divided equally as quantiles, but according to their standard deviation score (Figure 29).

Figure 28

There are other map edit options available in the legend box (Figure 30). These are generic options which are available in all neighbourhood maps, providing contextual layers to the current mapped data. For instance, Priority Neighbourhoods can be plotted on the map

Figure 29 The other options include viewing the boundaries of Wards, Parliamentary Constituencies and Neighbourhood Management Areas. When drilled down 20 into an MSOA or LSOA, selecting wards to appear can be useful in order to show which ward parliamentary constituency the LSOA or MSOA is in. Each can be individually turned on and off in the legend settings box. Figure 31 highlights the current Priority Neighbourhoods being overlaid on the map.

Figure 31

Finally, the contextual background map can be removed altogether by deselecting "Background Mapping" from the legend box list. This leaves just the colour-coded areas being mapped (Figure 32).

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Figure 32 d) Data List Box

The data list box shows the list of the areas which are currently mapped (e.g. Coventry Wards) and their scores (Figure 33). This can be viewed on the main map screen or maximised. An area's indicator score is shown here e.g. Cheylesmore's score in this instance for % of the working age population claiming out of work benefits is 13. The areas are initially ordered alphabetically but this can be altered to sort the listed areas by their indicator score. By clicking "Indicator" this will sort the areas according to either highest or lowest score (Figure 34). By clicking "Name", this will resort the areas by name. There is another function of the data list box. By selecting the icon, it will automatically zoom onto the selected area on the map.

Figure 33

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Figure 34

To the bottom left of the screen, a histogram sorts these data values into order, from highest to lowest values (Figure 35). The height of the bars is proportional to the values in the data table. When hovered over, the name of the area is attributed to the particular bar, with the colours of the bars being linked to the legend. This is a quick way of identifying areas of particularly high or low value.

Figure 35 e) Time Series

If available, a time series at the bottom right hand side of the page will display how the indicator scores for an area have progressed over a number of years. By selecting a particular area on the map or indicator box, whether this is Ward, MSOA or LSOA, it will then appear in the time series below. For instance, in Figure 36, the progress of Earlsdon Ward in worklessness rates can be charted from 2004 to 2009 by quarter.

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Figure 36

By holding down the Ctrl button whilst clicking, more than one area can be selected. Therefore, different areas can be compared in terms of their trends over time. In Figure 37, four different areas have been selected in Coventry for comparison.

Figure 37

24 f) Comparator Box

The comparator box displays the available Comparator Groups. The types of comparators available depend on the specific indicator. For instance, some indicators may have comparators available for England and All Metropolitan Districts, whereas others may only compare to Coventry. Therefore, where possible, specific areas can be compared with Coventry's average score. For example, in Figure 38, the green lines represent the two wards Earlsdon, and Binley and Willenhall. The grey line at 14% represents Coventry's average score. Therefore, it is evident that Earlsdon at 8% is below Coventry's average worklessness and is performing well, whilst Binley and Willenhall at 26% is above the city's average and is performing poorly. If available, the average scores for other comparator groups (e.g. All Metropolitan Districts) can also be plotted on the time series graph, using the same technique.

Figure 38 g) Pie Chart

The pie chart highlights how the data has been distributed and divided in being mapped. In Figure 39, the data has been equally divided into five classes. Each colour-coded section refers to the legend's division of the indicator scores and how the colour-coded values have been mapped. A useful way of highlighting the high-scoring and low-scoring groups on the map is by selecting a section of the pie chart. The division of the classes can be altered using the legend box (see the Legend section).

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Figure 30 h) Information Box

The information box to the middle-right of the map contains a description of the data being presented in the map. It gives a brief outline of what is being shown and in some cases how the data was collected and/or what its source was. Where necessary, it is also explained whether a high score of the data refers to a good or poor performance. For instance, in Figure 36, there is an information box giving a brief description of mapped Household Income data.

Figure 31

26 Sub-regional Maps

The basic features of Neighbourhood Maps have been incorporated into maps showing a broader geographical area. As data is available for Coventry, Warwickshire and Solihull MBC through a partnership agreement, these sub- regional maps have been developed to show LSOA, MSOA, and Electoral Ward data where available.

Here, the button enables the chart to illustrate the available indicators at the level of Districts – e.g. Solihull, Coventry, Warwick District, Rugby Borough, Nuneaton and Bedworth Borough, North Warwickshire Borough and Stratford District.

Area Profiles

Area Profiles are data visualisations which are the opposite to Neighbourhood maps in that they show a wide range of indicators for a small number of geographical areas (whereas Neighbourhood Maps show a wide range of geographical areas and a small range of indicators).

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Up to 5 geographical areas are selectable in the map (ctrl and mouse-click as in all visualisations). Indicators are shown in the large box, grouped by indicator theme. Click on the ▼to open up the indicators nested in the theme. The values for all of these are shown and a bar illustrates percentages 1-100. Larger scores for an indicator are shown at 100% with the numeric value clearly shown. Colours are allocated automatically to the bars and a key for which colour represents which geographical area is shown at the bottom of the chart.

Comparison Maps

Comparison maps offer powerful additional functionality where available. These present two identical sets of data and two maps. Using the button, separate indicators for each of the two maps can be selected.

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The key element of Comparison Maps is the graph of the indicators selected in the maps one against the other. When different indicators are selected from the the values for the indicator for Map 1 are shown along the bottom of the graph (horizontal or X axis) and for Map 2 along the side (vertical or Y axis). Each combination of the two indicators is represented by a spot. Positioning the cursor over the spot will reveal the name of the area represented and its values for the indicators shown in both Map 1 and Map 2. This form of chart is known as a scatter plot.

The relationship between the two selected indicators over the whole area covered by the map can be represented by several statistics.

Correlation Coefficient (r)

This is a measure of how two sets of data change together – 1 .0 indicates identical change e.g. an increase of 1 in the first data set is matched by an increase of 1 in the second - and 0 no change i.e. an increase in 1 in the first data set is matched with no change in the second.

Regression Equation

An equation in the form Y=bX+a where a prediction from the values of the indicator from Map 2 (Y values) from given values from Map 1 (X values) can be calculated. This equation can be use to transcribe a line on the chart to illustrate graphically the relationship between the two chosen indicators.

29 r2

The r2 statistic describes the extent to which the actual distribution of the two indicators fits the line transcribed by the regression equation – a score of 1 would describe a perfect fit of both of the indicators to the line – a score of 0 would illustrate a totally random distribution.

It is extremely important to note that the presence of highly correlated indicators does not necessarily mean that change in one of the indicators has caused change in the other. This is best summarised by the maxim "Correlation does not imply causation". There are many examples of changes in Y axis indicators seeming to cause changes in X when in fact the relationship is the other way. Similarly, X and Y can seem related causally when in fact a third, unmeasured indicator, causes change in both X and Y and hence X and Y are in fact unrelated.

The button can be used to switch the X Y scatter plot to show the table view as in the Neighbourhood Map.

Comparison Charts

Comparison Charts are similar to Area Profiles in that a small number of geographies can be compared to one another – the scores on a fixed range of indicators are illustrated as a web-shaped polygon – one for each area.

30 Two buttons are new in this view – and are used to switch boxes between two sets of content.

switches the main image between a radar view (default) and the spine view more familiar from Area Profiles.

switches the map to a table view of the data as shown in Neighbourhood Maps.

Glossary

National Indicator: This is a set of indicators used by the government to measure the progress of local areas in delivering the government's priority outcomes e.g. % of pupils achieving 5 A*-C grades at GCSE is used as an indicator of monitoring the performance of educational achievement.

Coventry Local Area Agreement: This is an agreement between the Coventry Partnership and the government covering the 3 year period 2008/09 - 2010/11. It contains 51 priorities for the city under 10 themes and progress is measured against agreed targets for a set of 44 National Indicators.

Neighbourhood Maps: Where specific indicator data has been mapped over Coventry in order to geographically identify city-wide patterns.

Survey Data: Data that has been collected using specific surveys, often concerning public perceptions e.g. Household Survey Data.

Category: These are the 11 overall themes of the Facts about Coventry website, based on the themes of the Sustainable Community Strategy e.g. People and Place; Economy, Learning, Skills and Employment.

Sub-Category: These are the varying number of subjects underneath any given category, which specific entries are placed within. E.g. Anti-Social Behaviour; Fear of Crime.

Entry: These are the specific data entries within a given sub-category. When selected, these link to information concerning this topic e.g. Educational Achievement- Early Years; Educational Achievement- Key Stage 2"

Time Series: A sequence of data points spaced at regular time intervals, in order to identify trends in particular indicators over a set number of years.

Histogram: A graphical display of frequencies, shown as adjacent bars.

LSOAs: Lower-layer Super Output Area boundaries. Super Output Areas were developed by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) from the 2001 census output areas. This level is defined as containing a minimum of 1,000 people and 400 households. There are 197 LSOAs in Coventry.

MSOAs: Medium-layer Super Output Area boundaries. Super Output Areas were developed by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) from the 2001 31 census output areas. This level is defined as containing a minimum of 5,000 people and 2,000 households. There are 42 MSOAs in Coventry.

Wards: Electoral districts at sub-national level.

Parliamentary Constituencies: Government-set voting boundaries which comprise of an amalgamation of wards. The UK is currently divided into 650 parliamentary constituencies, each of which is represented by one MP in the House of Commons, with similar numbers of electorates in each.

Neighbourhood Management Areas: An amalgamation of wards, designed to improve service coordination. There are 3 in Coventry: North East, North West and South.

Priority Neighbourhoods: These are neighbourhoods within the city which have been identified as having particularly high levels of deprivation in Coventry and which have been prioritised in terms of local resource allocation. These are the current Priority Neighbourhoods for 2010 which are in the process of being revised for 2011.

Screenshot: Outputting the entire screen in a common bitmap image format such as BMP, PNG, or JPEG

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group is a lossy compression technique for colour images, reducing files sizes to about 5% of their normal size.

PNG: Portable Network Graphics is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression.

Flash-based System: Adobe Flash Player. A multimedia platform used to add animation and interactivity to web pages. The latest version of the player can be downloaded from: http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/

Coventry Partnership: "The Coventry Partnership brings together senior representatives from the community sector, private sector, public sector and voluntary sector to work together towards the vision for Coventry to be a growing, accessible city where people choose to live, work and be educated and where businesses choose to invest".

For more information visit: http://www.coventrypartnership.com

Classifiers

Equal Interval: The intervals between classes are divided equally, but the classes do not contain an equal number of geographic features.

Quantile: Each class in the legend contains an approximately equal number of geographic features, but the intervals between classes are not divided equally.

Natural Breaks: Data is assigned to classes based upon their position along the data distribution relative to all other data values.

32 Continuous: Each geographic feature is shaded differently using a continuous scale, which is useful for identifying extremely high or low values.

Standard Deviation: Geographic features are classified according to how many standard deviations above or below the average their indicator value falls.

Comparator Groups

All Metropolitan Districts: These are districts of metropolitan areas. Coventry, along with other urban centres, is designated as a metropolitan district. All of the UK's metropolitan districts are used as a comparator for Coventry.

CIPFA Nearest Neighbours: A group of local authorities whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry. These are: Derby, Bolton, Dudley, Kirkless, Wolverhampton, Bradford, Walsall, Oldham, Calderdale, Peterborough, Rochdale, Tameside, Stoke-on-Trent, Stockton-on-tees and Medway.

Coventry's Children's Statistical Neighbours: A group of local authorities whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry, in relation to children's data. These are: Derby, Bolton, Walsall, Peterborough, Telford, Tameside, Kirklees, Leeds, Sheffield and Thurrock.

Health Area Classifications: A group of local authorities whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry, in relation to data concerning health. These are: Derby City, S. Birmingham, Bolton, Kirkless, Leeds, Heywood, Middleton, Rochdale, Oldham, Tameside, Wolverhampton, Portsmouth, Sheffield, Bristol, Calderdale, East Lancashire and Walsall Teaching.

IQUANTA Policing: A group of local authorities whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry. These are: Lincoln, Sunderland, Harlow, Bradford, Northampton, Bolton, Stoke-on-Trent, Plymouth, Bristol, Kingston upon Hull, Luton, Salford, Cardiff and Blackpool.

ONS Area Classifications: A sub-group of local authorities designated as "Centres With Industry" whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry. These are: Blackburn, Bolton, Bradford, Burnley, Calderdale, Derby, Hyndburn, Kirklees, Oldham, Pendle, Preston, Rochdale and Walsall.

West Midlands Health Authorities: A group of all of the health authorities located in the West Midlands region whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry.

West Midlands Metropolitan Districts: A group of all of the metropolitan districts located in the West Midlands region whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry. These are: Birmingham, Dudley, Sandwell, Solihull, Walsall and Wolverhampton. 33

West Midlands Region: A group of all of the local authorities located in the West Midlands region, whose average score is used as a comparator for Coventry.

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