Census of India, 1951 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK UTTAR PRADESH 28-l\fiRZAPUR DISTRICT I II ALLAHABA·D: SUP:E1UNTENDXNT, PRINTING AND STATIONERY, UTI'AR PI ADESH, IND1A 1955 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 - MIRZAPUR DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P~ up.~er the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each dis~rict. 'In the I951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in vi-cw of the require, ments of the country, the district ... wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within "the district), the District Index of Non ... agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 1901-:-02 to 19$°"'51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be add,ed here that a separate set of district,wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "Distriet Population. Statistics" has already been published. This separate series wa~ necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is twenty-'lline. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remainiQ.g Handbooks will be printed before the end of I955. RAJESHWARI PRASAD, I.A.S., RA.MPmt: Superintendent, Census Operations, July IS) -1955· Uttar P"l,sh. CONTENTS INTBODUOTION­ A-The District i-ii B-Analysis of the Statistics ... ii i-;.-x C-Explanatory Note on I;he Statistics x - xii PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLEs- A-I Area, Houses and Population '3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variation~ since 1901 6 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 7 E Area and Population of District a.nd TehsiJs by Livelihood Cla.sses 8-9 B-EoONOIIIIO TABLES- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub-classes ... ' H)-13 B·I1 Secondary Means of Livelihood 14-23 B-III Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisionll 24-52 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 53-51 Index of Non-agrioultural OocupatioAs 55-59 C-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (SAMFLE) TABLES- C-I Household (size and composition) 60-61 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age Groups .... 62-67 C-lII Age and Civil Condition 68-71 C-IV Age and Literacy __ _ 72-75 C-V Single Yeal' Age Retul'ns 16-83 D-SOOIAL A.~D CULTURAL TABLEs- D-I La.nguages (i) Mother Tongue 84 (ii) Bili ngualism 85 D-ll Religion 86-81 D-lII Scheduled Castes .•• 86-87 D-IV Migrants 88-91 D-V (i) Displaoed persons by year of arrival in India 92-93 (ii) Displaced pel'sons by Livelihood Classes 92-93 D-VI Non·Indian Nationals 92-93 D-VII Livelihood Classes by Educational Standal'ds 94-99 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS Primary Census Abstraot 1C)2-195 2 Pargana and Thana-wise PopUlation 196 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS Vital Statistics L98-20 I 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall 202-203 (ii) Area as olassified with details of area under cultivation 2::14-207 (iii) Cropped Area 208-223 (iv) Irrigated Area 224-227 :3 Live-Stook and Agricultural Machinery and Implements, 1920-51 228-231 -4 mst of Primary Schools ...; 232-235 INTRODUCTION A-THE DisTRIOT 1. The district of Mirzapur is bounded on the north by the Banaras district, on the east by the State of Bihar, on the south and south-west by the States of Madhya Pradesh and Vindhya Pradesh, and on the north-west by the Allahabad district. It has a natural frontier simply on the north-east where the Ganga separates it from the distric-t of ganaras. _The district has a total area of 4,369 square miles and its population in 1951 was 10'2 lakhs. It has 4 tehsils, 13 parganas and 18 thanas. 2. The country falls into three great physical divisions. In the north is the Topography alluvial plain which skirts the Ganga on either bank, and reaches from the northern boun- dary southwards to the abrupt scarp of the low flat topped line of hills into which the range of the Vindhyas here subsides. Next follows a table-land stretching from the summit of the Vindhyan scarp south-wards to the Kaimur range and the valley of the Son river; and beyond this lies the wilderness of hi 11 and valley, jungle-clad ravine and crag, with here and there hill-encircled alluvial basins, which make up southern Mirzapur. The Ganga basin is divided by the river into two parts. In the north of the river lies a fertile plain which is from an agricultural point of view the most valuable portion of the district; and the aspect is the familiar one of the Gangetic plain. A similar plain lies to the south of the Ganga. At some places the hills advance to the very bank of the river. The soil is similar though on the whole inferior to that of the northern portion; and the surface is considerably more broken by ravines caused by a large numher of water courses that carry off the drainage of the hills. The next division is the central or Vindhyan Plateau which includes the whole tract lying between the Vindhyan escarpment and the Kaimur range. It may be generally describ ed as a tableland extending between two parallel ranges of hills; but it is by no means regul ar in its surface. The scenery is among the wildest and most beautiful in the district. The country south of the Son river consists for the most part of numerous parallel lines of rock hills of no great height but rugged and impracticable and clothed with jungle usually of a stunted and ill-grown description. The only land available for cultivation is to be found in the river valleys. ' 3. The soils of the district are 'as various as the rocks which underlie them. The S dIs soils of the Ganga plain on either side of the river are of dumat, matryar and balua variety, the first named preponderating. The soil s of the plateau are generally a stiff and shallow red clay, highly ferrugious, and passing at times into laterite and pisoletic iron ore. Little can be made of this soil which gives only the scantiest of crops with generally two fallows interven- ing. In the fertile strip lying at the foot of Kaimurs there are large areas of excellant loam and clay, such as obtain in the Ganga valley, as well as of a fine black soil resembling the black cotton soil of Bundelkhand. Between the plateau and the north bank of the Son there is stretch of light sandy alluvial soil. The scanty cultivation toat exists depends upon cold stiff clays or a loose sandy soil, according to the ~levation of ~he patches of tillage. No usar is found above the Vindhyan ghats and in the Ganga plain the area is not extensive. 4. The figures of classification of area during the last fifty years are given in Table 2 Classification of area of Part III of this volume. The proportion of area under the various categories works out as follows for 1950-51 : Actual figures Particulars (in Mres) Peroentage Cultivated area 721,076 29'9 Cultul'ffi>le waste (exoluding current fallow) 820,821 .34'1 Current fallow 213,133 8'9 Forest 224,326 9·3 Area not available for cultiva.tionof whioh- 428,774 17'8 (a) Oovered with water ., . 76,525 3'2 (b) Under sita, roads and buildings 25,301 1'0 (0) Barren 326,948 13'6 ii The figures in the above table regarding culturable waste taken from the Season and Crop Report is, however, misleading. The State Agriculture Department conducted in 1949-50 a detailed enquiry through the District Officers regarding the nature of this area. in each district. The following analysis of the area resulted from this enquiry : Area Particulars (in acres) Percentage Total culturable waste ( A + B + C ) 850,992 100 A-Area under cuUurable waste land not available for immediate cultivation 523,508 61·52 (fo) Forest under any legal~enactment 94,798 11'14 (ii) Groves 10,106 1'26 (iii) Forests of timber trees 72,574 (iv) Thatching grasses, shrubs and bushes 242,113 (v) Land kept for grazing 103,317 B-Area under culturable waste land available for immediate cultivation but which 150,272 could not be cultivated Of which due to- (i) Kana growth 46 (ii) Threshing fioore 3C9 (iii) Malaria (iv) Floods .. (v) Lack of drains (vi) Lack of water 3,173 0'37 (vii) Distance from abadi .. 7,286 0·86 (viii) Damage from wild animals 32,089 '3077 (ix) Other causes 107,38) 12-62 - C-Area under culturable waste land that can be brought under immediate cultiva- 177,1S.2 20'82 tion after Bome improvements besides the area given againsb 'B' From the above it will appear that of the total ar~a recorded as culturable waste only 20'8 per cent.