Image Sources and Credits

Every effort has been made to identify accurately the source and to contact (if applicable) the owner(s) of images. Owners of images whose work has not been properly credited are encouraged to contact us by e-mail ([email protected]), by telephone (319.273.3870) or by mail at the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Education, University of Northern , Bartlett Hall 31, Cedar Falls, IA 50614- 0518. Corrections and additions will be made as quickly as possible.

We wish to thank the individuals and organizations that have generously allowed us to use the images in this exhibit.

Panel 1 (Title)

No images

Panel 2 (Modern Connections)

1718 map of Iowa Public domain

Aerial view of farmland Source: MrsTG via Visualhunt.com / CC BY-NC-ND Michelle TeGrootenhuis https://www.flickr.com/photos/28083698@N07/14301933424/. Used by permission.

1850 pioneer farm Source: Living History Farms., Des Moines. Used by permission.

Prairie http://www.grinnellgallery.com/photos/schmitzc/hiking_at_krumm/img_6547_3.jpg

Panel 3 (Before the Europeans)

Lakota woman gardening with scapula hoe Source: Minnesota Historical Society. Used by permission.

Ioway garden Source: Living History Farms, Des Moines. Used by permission.

Pottery shards from the Woodland Period Source: Bear Creek Archeology, Inc., Cresco, IA. Used by permission.

Ground-level view of effigy mounds Source: Effigy Mounds National Monument. Used by permission.

Aerial view of effigy mounds Source: Effigy Mounds National Monument. Used by permission.

Oneota pottery Source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/21/fc/a9/21fca96e21464dfbb00fe25c78867ba2.jpg Public domain

Reconstructed lodges Blood Run National Historic Landmark. Used by permission.

Panel 4 (First Contacts)

View of and Mississippi Rivers: Source: Stephen J. Gaies. Used by permission.

“Pere Marquette and the Indians” painting Public domain

Beaver Wars Source: Still image from “Prairie Fire: The Country, 1673-1818: Fox Wars and Aftermath, 1712-1754,” video produced by Northern Illinois University Digital Library. Used by permission.

Map of the western part of New France Source: The Newberry, Chicago. Used by permission under the terms of The Newberry’s Open Access Policy.

Trade between Native Americans and the French Public domain

Horseshoe Bluff, Mines of Spain Source: Coalfather, Wikipedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horseshoe_Bluff.jpg. Used by permission.

Julien Dubuque Public domain

Panel 5 (Into Iowa)

Map of Northwest Territory Source: User:Golbez, Wikipedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_1789-08-1790-04.png. Used by permission.

Treaty signing at Prairie du Chien Source: The Newberry, Chicago. Used by permission under the terms of The Newberry’s Open Access Policy.

Fort Armstrong Public domain

Fort Atkinson Source: Billwhittaker at Engilsh Wikipedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Atkinson_Iowa.jpg. Used by permission.

Panel 6 (The Land: The Native American Perspective)

Reconstructed Ioway lodges Source: Living History Farms, Des Moines. Used by permission.

Diorama of Saukenuk Source: State Historic Site, Rock Island, IL. Used by permission.

Portrait of Black Hawk Source: Wikimedia Commons; image originally posted to Flickr by cliff1066 at https://www.flickr.com/photos/28567825@N03/3406980155

Panel 7 (The Land: European and American Perspectives)

Pope Nicholas V Public domain

Pope Alexander VI Public domain

“American Progress” Public domain

“Westward” mural Source: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC. Public domain

Panel 8 (The )

The Public domain

Black Hawk Public domain

Map of Black Hawk War Public domain

Abraham Lincoln Public domain

Apple River Fort Source: IvoShandor at Wikipedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Il_Apple_River_Fort2.JPG. Used by permission.

Panel 9 (Removal from Iowa)

Map of Native American cessions of land in Iowa Public domain

The “Five Civilized Tribes” Public domain

Iowa and Nebraska lands Public domain

Panel 10 (Transforming the Land)

Aldo Leopold Source: The Aldo Leopold Foundation. Used by permission.

Historic habitat of the bison Source: Tanka Fund. Used by permission.

Stacks of bison hides Source: KansasMemory.org, Kansas Historical Society. Used by permission.

Prairie flowers Iowa Department of Natural Resources, public domain.

Bison Neal Smith , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Used by permission.

From prairie to farmland Source: Nina Fussing, https://wheelingit.us/2010/08/25/endless-prairie-loess-hills-southern- iowa/. Used by permission. Panel 11 (An Uncommon Clash: The Spirit Lake Massacre)

Map showing boundaries of the 1851 Treaty of Traverse des land cession area Source: CJLippert at Wikipedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Traverse_des_Sioux_1851.jpg. Used by permission.

Sioux scalp dance Source: Wikisource: https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Page%3AHistory_of_I owa_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_Beginning_of_the_Twentieth_Century_Volume_1.djvu %2F447&id=7800823

Abbie Gardner taken captive Public domain

Burning of Mattock Cabin Source: http://iagenweb.org/dickinson/history/history1902chapter05.htm. Used by permission.

Inkpaduta’s Campsite plaque Source: Society for U.S. Intellectual History. Used by permission under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

“Treaty of Traverse des Sioux” (Francis Millet) Source: Minnesota Historical Society. Used by permission.

Abbie Gardner cabin Source: State Historical Society of Iowa (Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs). Used by permission.

Panel 12: The Reservations

Map (partial) of Native American Reservations Public domain

Iowa, Sac, and Fox Presbyterian Mission School Source: http://kansastravel.org/nativeamericanheritagemuseum.htm. Used by permission.

Sac and Fox Bark House Source: KansasMemory.org, Kansas Historical Society. Used by permission.

Iowa Indian Village Source: Oklahoma Historical Society. Used by permission.

Iowa tribe members and white settlers in Guthrie, Oklahoma Source: Oklahoma Historical Society. Used by permission.

Panel 13 (The Settlement)

Meskwaki who negotiated the purchase of land Public domain

Meskwaki Settlement frame house Source: State Historical Society of Iowa, copyright © 1965 Joan Liffring-Zug Bourret. Used by permission.

Meskwaki wikiup Source: Meskwaki Powwow. Used by permission.

Views at Meskwaki Settlement Public domain

Former Sac and Fox BIA Day School Source: Meskwaki Powwow. Used by permission.

Meskwaki Settlement School Source: https://scorestream.com/team/meskwaki-settlement-school-warriors-242742

Panel 14 (Pressures to Assimilate)

“School begins” Public domain

Classroom scene Public domain

“Before and After”: Three Lakota Boys, Carlisle, ca. 1900 Source: Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives [Choate #125] and [#57,490], Washington, DC. Used by permission.

Jim Thorpe Public domain

Gen. Richard Henry Pratt Public domain

Indian Land for Sale Source: User:Braden208 at Wikipedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poster_2013- 08-14_08-45.jpg. Used by permission.

Panel 15 (Preservation and Restoration)

Prairie landscape Source: Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Used by permission.

Backbone State Park Source: Stephen J. Gaies. Used by permission.

Dr. Louis H. Pammel Source: Special Collections and University Archives, University Library, Iowa State University. Used by permission.

Bison Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Used by permission.

Controlled prairie burn Source: Sam Waite, Iowa Learning Farms. Used by permission.

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma powwow Public domain

Traditional building project Source: Bah Kho-je (People of the Grey Snow), https://www.bahkhoje.com/about-us/cultural- preservation/. Used by permission.