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An Australian Sight Record of Wilson's Phalarope by F June ] SMITH, Wilson's Phalarope 91 1968 It has a wide distribution throughout the southern oceans between 60° S. and 40° S., with an occasional northward move­ ment to Madagascar, Reunion, Southern Australia and the North Island of New Zealand, etc. It breeds freely on the coast of the Foveaux Strait and on islands off the South Island of New Zealand, also on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island in the south Atlantic, and on St. Paul Island in the Indian Ocean. (Alexander 1955). Since the foregoing notes were written A. R. McGill has advised me that the known records of the occurrence of P. vittata in New South Wales, as compiled by K. A. Hindwood, are as follows. They are reproduced here in an endeavour to make this report as com­ plete as possible. July, 1904. 1 specimen. Long Bay. Published Museum records say that the beach was strewn with them, but that undoubtedly would refer to many bodies of prions of pro- bably various species. July, 1904. 1 specimen. Maroubra. Published records as above. July, 1948. 1 Bate Bay. Messrs. Hindwood, Everett and McGill. Aug., 1954. 1 Bate Bay. F. Johnston. July, 1954. 1 Dee Why. T. Iredale. July, 1954. 2 Thirroul. Messrs. Gibson and Sefton. July, 1954. 1 Ulladulla. C. Humphries. REFERENCES ALEXANDER, W. B., 1955. Birds of the Ocean, p. 45 Putnam Press, London. CONDON , H. T., 1965. "A Handlist of the Birds of South Australia, Supple­ ment No. 1 ". The South Australian Ornithologist, p. 71. McGILL, A. R., 1960. A Hand List of the Birds of New South Wales, p. 8 V. C. N. Blight, Government Printer, Sydney, New South Wales. OLIVER, W. R. B., 1955. New Zealand Birds, p. 124. A. H. & A. W. Reed, Wellington, New Zealand. SERVENTY, D. L. & WHITTELL, H . M., 1962. Birds of Western Australia, p. 84. Paterson Brokensha Pty. Ltd., Perth, Western Australia. An Australian Sight Record of Wilson's Phalarope By F. T. H. SMITH, Kew, Victoria Wilson's Phalarope (Steganopus tricolor), sometimes placed in the genus Phalaropus, the largest of the three world species of phalaropes, is here reported from Australia. The breeding range is from the central states of Canada and the United States of America, westward to the Pacific Ocean. It migrates as far south as the Falkland Islands and then commonly occurs in Argentina and Chile. The bird is known to frequent large inland lakes at both extremities of its migration. However, its activities in its winter quarters are not yet fully known. Occasionally the species strays 92 SMITH, Wilson's Phalarope [ Bird Watcher to the British Isles, but it is otherwise rarely heard of away from its usual lines of migration. A Wilson's Phalarope, in non-breeding plumage, seen closely by two observers at Lake Murdeduke, Victoria, is described and notes on its method of feeding are given. The species is compared with the Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) and the Grey Phalarope (P. fulicarius). It is suggested that other phalaropes will visit Australia from time to time, as vagrants, and field-observers should be prepared to identify them as the birds are located. The bird seen was the palest wader that I have observed in over 15 years of field experience with this group of birds. Its active feeding method, in my opinion, resembled that of the Terek Sand­ piper (Xenus cinereus). I am well aware of the problems attendant on sight records of unusual birds, and that many ornithologists will not accept them. This factual report, then, is presented with the knowledge that it may be of interest to some readers, to be accepted or rejected as is the wont of the individual. THE FINDING OF THE WILSON'S PHALAROPE With Mr. R. Sympson, who has had a special interest in the Charadriiformes for the past three years, a day was spent in search of members of this order on January 6, 1966. Lake Murdeduke, about 75 miles from Melbourne, in the Western District of Victoria, was the location chosen for the outing. A brief visit had been made to the lake over two years previously, and I had then considered that the prospect of wader occurrences there would well merit further investigation. Lake Murdeduke, which is known locally as a "creeping lake", is gradually intruding on neighbouring grazing lands. It is marked "salt" on district maps but I fancy it is more brackish than salt, as it is fed by a few small freshwater creeks. The largest of these is the Mia Mia Creek at the north-western section of the lake. The lake, which is approximately 20 miles from the coast, is roughly circular and it has a shore-line of over ten miles. The water is open and supports little vegetation; the main growth being a species of water-mat, Lipilaena sp. The long thin strands of the Water-mat, on the day of our visit, were washed up in masses for miles around the shore of the lake. The east side was particularly well covered, the weed having been moved there by the prevailing south-westerly winds. Huge flat islands of the weed were also scattered about the lake proper, some being close to or joined to, the shore. Bird-life on and near the water was plentiful and consisted mainly of Coot (Fulica atra), Australian Spur-winged Plover ( Lobibyx novae-hollandiae), Red-capped Dotterel (Charadrius alexandrinus), Red-necked Stint (Erolia ruficollis), Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (E. acuminata), Chestnut-breasted Shelduck (Casarca tadornoides), Grey Teal ( Anas gibberifrons), and Pink-eared Duck June ] SMITH, Wilson's Phalarope 93 1968 (Malacorhynchus membranaceus), and a number of other species in lesser numbers. We had covered the western and northern shores of the lake and were moving south along the east side, when we came to a broad low peninsula, at the south-eastern section, which projected into the water for over 300 yards. At rest on the raised part of the peninsula were hundreds of small migratory waders. Most of them were Sharp-tailed Sandpipers and Red-necked Stints, with at least two Pectoral Sandpipers (Erolia melanotos). Many of the small waders were feeding along the muddy edges of the point of land. Out in the water near-by were large islands of Water-mat, and one of these patches met the shore at the base of the eastern side of the peninsula. On this particular raft were over one hundred small waders, mainly Sharp-tailed Sandpipers and Red-necked Stints. At 12.30 p.m., whilst studying the birds on this raft through 10x50 binoculars, a very pale wader was noticed among the other birds. It was about the bulk of a medium sized Sharp-tailed Sand­ piper, and, apart from its paleness, immediately attracted atten­ tion by its most peculiar manner. It was running over the surface of the weed in what appeared to be an erratic fashion, and it gave the impression that it was not quite sure in which direction it might go next. The wader ran with its legs well bent in a crouched attitude, its head and extended neck straight out, close to and horizontal with the weed. The back of the bird was held slightly higher than the lowered head. This attitude and the running activity were remini­ scent of the Spotted Crake (Porzana fluminea) pursuing Kelp-flies along a muddy fringe, and the feeding actions were similar to those of the Terek Sandpiper. Often, on a wet sandy shore, this Sandpiper will run in a crouched position, with the neck horizontally extended, as it moves from one feeding place to another. My first reaction on seeing the strange wader from a distance of about 60 feet was that it was a very pale Terek Sandpiper. How­ ever, the bill was black and had no up-turn, and was long, thin and perfectly straight. I then checked the leg colour and found that, at this stage of the observation, it appeared nondescript and certainly had none of the bright hue of the leg of the Terek Sandpiper. The bird was moving quickly towards us and it was changing direction frequently as it ran. It hurried along, in the peculiar posture, and picked at the weed, moving its bill from side to side, but mostly straight ahead. By this time I realised that it was a species of wader that I had not seen previously. The bird ran to a small pool of water that had formed where part of the Water-mat had sagged below the surface, and without hesitation it charged into the shallow water and swam in an upright position for a few seconds. It was then that I realised that the bird was a phalarope in the pallid, non-breeding plumage. 94 SMITH, Wilson's Phalarope [ Bird Watcher Fortunately, so far as the observation was concerned, it was only the previous evening that I had studied the literature and checked the identification points of the phalaropes; as I had done many times during the past years. In case the bird should fly away suddenly I began to look for other proof that it was a phalarope, and to indentify the species from the individual markings. By this time we had moved near to the water's edge where we sat on the soft dry weed, with direct sunshine on the wader, now approximately 30 feet away. Between us we used 8x40, 10x50 and 15x50 binoculars during the period of the observation. The winter-plumage "eye-patch" of the phalarope was looked for and seen. The "patch" was a light grey line just noticeable in front of the eye, but much more apparent and extensive behind the eye.
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