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Designing Interfaces Second Edition

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Designing Interfaces Second Edition Designing Interfaces Second Edition Jenifer Tidwell O'REILLY8 Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Tokyo Contents Introduction to the Second Edition xi Preface xv 1. What Users Do 1 A Means to an End 2 The Basics of User Research 4 Users' Motivation to Learn 6 The Patterns 8 Safe Exploration 9 Instant Gratification 10 Satisficing 11 Changes in Midstream 12 Deferred Choices 12 Incremental Construction 14 Habituation 14 Microbreaks 16 Spatial Memory 17 Prospective Memory 18 Streamlined Repetition 19 Keyboard Only 20 Other Peoples Advice 21 Personal Recommendations 22 Organizing the Content: Information Architecture and Application Structure 25 The Big Picture 26 The Patterns 29 Feature, Search, and Browse 30 News Stream 34 Picture Manager 40 Dashboard 45 Canvas Plus Palette 50 Wizard 54 Settings Editor 59 Alternative Views 64 Many Workspaces 68 Multi-Level Help 71 Getting Around: Navigation, Signposts, and Wayfinding 77 Staying Found 77 The Cost of Navigation 78 Navigational Models 80 Design Conventions for Websites 85 The Patterns 86 Clear Entry Points 87 Menu Page 90 Pyramid 94 Modal Panel 97 Deep-linked State 100 Escape Hatch 104 Fat Menus 106 Sitemap Footer 110 Sign-in Tools 115 Sequence Map 118 Breadcrumbs 121 Annotated Scrollbar 124 Animated Transition Contents vii 4. Organizing the Page: Layout of Page Elements 131 The Basics of Page Layout 132 The Patterns 140 Visual Framework 141 Center Stage 145 Grid of Equals 149 Titled Sections 152 Module Tabs 155 Accordion 159 Collapsible Panels 163 Movable Panels 168 Right/Left Alignment 173 Diagonal Balance 176 Responsive Disclosure 179 Responsive Enabling 182 Liquid Layout 186 5. ListsofThings 191 Use Cases for Lists 192 Back to Information Architecture 192 Some Solutions 194 The Patterns 197 Two-Panel Selector 198 One-Window Drilldown 202 List Inlay 206 Thumbnail Grid 210 Carousel v 215 Row Striping 220 Pagination 224 Jump to Item 228 Alphabet Scroller 230 Cascading Lists 232 Tree Table 234 New-Item Row 236 Doing Things: Actions and Commands 239 Pushing the Boundaries 242 The Patterns 245 Button Groups 246 Hover Tools 249 Action Panel 252 Prominent "Done" Button 257 Smart Menu Items 261 Preview 263 Progress Indicator 266 Cancelability 269 Multi-Level Undo 271 Command History 275 Macros 278 Showing Complex Data: Trees, Charts, and Other Information Graphics 281 The Basics of Information Graphics 281 The Patterns 294 Overview Plus Detail 296 Datatips 299 Data Spotlight 303 Dynamic Queries 308 Data Brushing 312 Local Zooming 316 Sortable Table 320 Radial Table 323 Multi-Y Graph 328 Small Multiples 331 Treemap 336 Contents ix 8. Getting Input from Users: Forms and Controls 341 The Basics of Form Design 341 Control Choice 344 The Patterns 356 Forgiving Format 357 Structured Format 360 Fill-in-the-Blanks 362 Input Hints 364 Input Prompt 369 Password Strength Meter 371 Autocompletion 375 Dropdown Chooser 380 List Builder 383 Good Defaults 385 Same-Page Error Messages 388 9. Using Social Media 393 What This Chapter Does Not Cover 394 The Basics of Social Media 394 The Patterns 398 Editorial Mix 398 Personal Voices 402 Repost and Comment 406 Conversation Starters 410 Inverted Nano-pyramid 413 Timing Strategy 416 Specialized Streams 419 Social Links 423 Sharing Widget 426 News Box 430 Content Leaderboard 434 Recent Chatter 438 x Contents 10. Going Mobile 441 The Challenges of Mobile Design 442 The Patterns 448 Vertical Stack 449 Filmstrip 452 Touch Tools <, 454 Bottom Navigation 456 Thumbnail-and-Text List 459 Infinite List 462 Generous Borders 464 Text Clear Button 467 Loading Indicators 468 Richly Connected Apps 470 Streamlined Branding 473 11. Making It Look Good: Visual Style and Aesthetics 477 Same Content, Different Styles 479 The Basics of Visual Design 488 What This Means for Desktop Applications 496 The Patterns 498 Deep Background 499 Few Hues, Many Values 503 Corner Treatments 507 Borders That Echo Fonts 509 Hairlines 513 Contrasting Font Weights 516 Skins and Themes 519 References 523 Index 527 .
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