The original documents are located in Box 8, folder “News Clippings (4)” of the Charles E. Goodell Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
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Digitized from Box 8 of the Charles E. Goodell Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library :.!"11~ :lustic.e D~p .rt~•:t.r:t, wUch Clf.tnH.rH;:)t.t. ~) tne It ~Jl tl ·Cler~·.; ;ncy pro- "He has ~l pou:··p:::ying jcb up ... nl '{•""' rrt~'tl.'-''· ; .. \"'·~ inf·w;_,~.,,.~ g ·~'": .ot ,, • •., .. t.~; ~~-.~.t -,,_ ... ,:- 11 ? ~l_,:;. ~ • ~.. .. ~ s..u.~ -·•" tht~ra. ~Ic'f~ an !~;nr,lish rnaioe e .. id t.v:1·:.n ::)1 . Lt~~.. _.,~rG 1\1. . I"-_ ;nncdy p:.·1~d th~yl·.~{;_ ~;nt a !~~t of tael}~L 1~e: pw"VotLs ir lJU~ cf t~ 1n :1 !i~t c · ~ !.~i:i~} .. p:;~c:tne in~ VIS'i'/~ rn·r.~rat41. a typ.e Tic re_..·ds tc di!:tr1~~1tS ~.-i i·hnt J~U~·e nnt c~ i~ f;IJ:l1d blind pnc,ple. Ht.) Hl~c~s d:J~:1g it C .. J~-;,.l t~':1· ·..... ;n p~-:,r- c 1 ~~ o:-·."1.~ ~··t r.-..,.,n --'·•:...... '.'"" l. t:t,;;.•. :-: • :'~h- ... 1~--~-· ·~\..1 \ \'0:;- .. .L! H\ ?·z\/c ~-teen h!.n.t oPee in th-e fi-;Yf:: hv !'flV,-~l:!r;.~~ Rtd~ o: ;..hr {j<;·:f.t:·r~l!'l - Y~tlr s. v·/c're gc:ng up 1:e;~t 1l!~rltt: .. \V;JtE~! .~;;c t: .';r!"i:::l: p~~ n1iis in.~_tni~rt~ .. tH!;J v 1h--:.f.! 11:; (.~~1'1 t..:c:ne ho.~nr: t:'V~n for~! \·.~,-:it. nt:tho, }.ties tc onr ~~i.li!ns !!o II~e 1 J.rn ~ ;~ sti:l on ·~i:e ~ndicLj_n·,·'l~ the llnited Dtate.":: tD a ~oid m.Hi~ory 11.. t 0 n 1 ·;o~"' lrv··c~,.. f-"'f""' ~)·'v \ t"~~,... Sf;fVit:C. ,l_,) : ~ & • : .. ~ - ·.·"' \~ 11.. ..."' f ? - t.:;; .,.t.~.::.,;, J:j a;1 tt,_l !.K~t..:-~r t~~ exc.iUSl~l'l. ~~.il:' ~~.~r! Section 1.1 is Cait;h 2.? f:>r the Viet., r!c3ir~i~~e ~:lien. 'TLr; C(~:r,~i~.~HG Iism e;ul :-s. thur.::~1t he \rns a d~:iarnb!e citizen. n
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\ OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301
5 September 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR Mr. Charles E. Goodell Chairman, Presidential Clemency Board The White House
THRU: Captain Leland S. Kollmorgen Military Assistant to the Pres ...· .._. .. -......
The attached is forwarded per your request. / . Kentiliailey Colonel, USA Military Assistant
Attachment Part II -·- Main Edition -- 3 September 1975 ~~/ WASHINGTON POST 1 SEPTEMBER 1975 (3) Pg. B-1 Area Attitudes Towards Amnesty Ease Bi.t More Than Half Still Want Draft Evaders Punished By Jay Mathews ient toward this. . • • There Americans have warrants ana one way to do that is t for violation of the draft Wa·~hin-gton Post St.aU Writer aren't the hot feelings that let all draft evaders return In the last two years as there were when the war outstanding against them without punishment or re r American involvement in was actually being fought." The spokesman said 722 quired public service work. draft evaders joined the The bureau survey did not Vietnam has ended, major· A staff member of the President's amnesty pro· ity opposition in the wash U.S. Clemency Board, now ask about the President's ington area to amnesty for gram, which allows evader~ amnesty program. but a fe~ administering one phase of to work two ~·eat's in public· draft evaders has faded, a President Ford's "earned l'anclom telephone inter new survey indicates·. aerviee jobs, such as hospi· views by The Washington amnesty" program, sug ta! orderlies. ;n exchan;;t' Post indicate many peopl€ A poll taken •by the Bu gested the President's sup for having the charges reau of Social Science Re who want no punishmenl port for conditional amnesty against them dt·orJped. for draft evaders still fav01 search in the summer of had led many people to ac· -Only 19 draft evader' 1973 showed slightly more some :orm of alternativt cept lenient treatment of have been dropped from the public service. than 50 per cent of metro draft evaders. program so far for failing to politan area residents op· "I think they really posed to letting draft The 1,209 participants in accept work assignments. shouldn't be penalized for the 1973 survl!y and the 2. the spokesman said. By con· feeling so strongly against eavders off without punish· 102 participants in the 1975 ment. About 44 per cent fa· trast. more than 2,000 ·de· fighting," said Ted Hoskin vored the idea. The bureau's survey were each asked serters have been dropped son, a 27-year-old business new poll, taken in February "whether in general you from the p1·o.gram for failing man living in Northwest and April of this year, agree or disagre" with (this) lu a!'c·ept assignments or Washington. "But I think shows 47 per cent now favor statement: Men who left the other failure to cooperate. they ought to do some kind amnesty while 46 per cent U.S. to avoid the draft dur of service." iq tbe Vietnam war should Deserters have far less to ar& opposed. gain from the amnesty pro The new bureau showed 'Both the 1973 and 1975 be allowed to return without Washington area residents polls reveal that the strong being punished" "ram since they can be dis sharply divided by sex, race est support for letting draft In the 1973 poll, eupport ~han;ed and escape court and age on the amnesty is- martial without participat· evaders escape punishment for amnesty among District sue: comes from women, blacks of Columbia residents was ing in public service work. ShOUld EVIderl Retum Without Don't and people under 30. In already strong~ per cent The high dropout rate, PuniShment? Agree Disatree Know both polls. support for am and the fact that only about '!f. '!f. % for it against only 31 per Men 45 49 6 nescy in the Washington cent opposed. That support 20 per cent of those eligible women 48 43 9 joined the amnesty pro Whites 43 51 7 area appeared much greater ill the city remained steady Nonwhites 58 34 8 than that reported nation o·ra n, means the Pre,sident's Aged 18-29 62 33 S during the last two years, Ailed 30 and over .CO 51 9 wid~ in the most recent Gal while the heavy opposition plan is a "disaster," said • (Since percentages are rounded off, not lup polls. to amnesty in the suburbs Henry Schwarzschild, direc an columns will add ur> to 100 per cent.) "I think there is perhaps a diminished: tor of the American Civil Random telephone inter· views by The Post indicated more :iberal attitude repre Should Evaders Liberties Union's amnesty sented in Washington," said Return Wlltlout uro.iect. persons with military back James Wilson, national secu Punlshmeatt · Schwarzschild, who sees grounds were most likelY. to rity division director of the All oppose amnesty. "I think 1973 44 so b ·~;·owing support for the American Legion, which op 1975 47 46 7 kind of unconditional am· (draft evaders) should be District of COlumbia punished," said Patrick C. poses any special amnesty 1973 ~ 31 3 ne~ty he favors, called the pro~rams. Wilson added: "I 1975 59 34 7 Bryan, a British navy com· Washlnglon SuburbS President's program "puni.; thilik the farther you get 1973 37 58 . 5 tive'' and "demeaning. mander who lives in Mc 1975 41 Sl 8 from Vietnam, the more said. "really Lean. "l favor a disciplined A Justice Department get (the Viet· society rather than an undis likely people are to be len· spokesman said about 4,000 of the way" ciplined society."
WASHINGTON STAR 2 SEPTEMBER 1975 (3) Pg. 3 "He has a poor-paying job up l'iP~ there. He's an English major a~d Point of they've got a lot of them. He works m was now or never for Canadian citi a VISTA-type program. He reads to zenship.. He decided to become a blind people. He likes doing it. Canadian citizen. "We've seen him once in the five years. We're going up next mo~t!t· mE "BEFORE, FBI used to come He can't come home even ~or. a v1s1t. around every six months or so, very His name is still on the md1ctme~t polite and nice-looking young men. list. And you know they h~ve th1s A· Clemencq Theme: Last fall they were back, and then policy of exclusion. My son 1s a~ un· just three weeks ago. desirable alien. The Canadtans 'You Can't Come Home' "I said to them, 'Why are you guys thought he was a desiarable citizen." coming around after five years? He's · On Aug. 7, the Toronto The man'!· voice on the telephone not here. • They said be was a client ~tar printe~ was low and strained. He gave his a story about the FBI calling on falDl of theirs and asked me if he had lies to compile a list of name, but asked that it not be print applied for clemency and if he had d~aft e_v~ders ed. He wanted to report that, after a who have become Canadtan Citizens, become a Canadian citizen. I would the list to be disseminated to border lapse of three ye.ars, he had been n't tell them. visited by the FBI again twice since points to bar their re-entry to the last fall. _ "My son got his draft notice four United States. months before his 26th birthday. I'm "My son was indicted five years FBI SPOKESMAN Tom H~uring ago for violation of the Selective a veteran, I was in the artillery in Europe and the Pacific both. He said ton at first vehement!~ de~1e~ thE Service Act," he said. "He went to existence of such a lut, mststed Canada. Last September, his five to me, 'Dad, I hope you don't thin~ I'm a slacker, but I will be damned 1f agents were trying to close cases, ~ot 1_ .years as a landedimmiaraat -W.er.&.. - - the border. Later, he called up -Wlth up, just as the clemency program -~will shoot anybody or besnot by was announced. He called up and anybody over nothing.' I told him I (See CLEMENCY, Pg. 12-F) said he thou~ht it was vague, and it ureed with him, and he took off.
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;·I .r. ,. .. ~ . A "'"'Y"'i' >('; !{...... r~· ..\-" • ·. ('; 'I ~ ! t .• lf \ ... . I; I .JJ ~ !. •. (:-·· " . r .' •· >! ,. h ~~ .t ,_ , j.._. :••' • -•-•...· :. : ,"·\..,- .V-••, • :"'""'\ ..... 'Oft../ ~• ~ ..-.~ -...t.:..- ~ r ·1 ... _,.- t ,' .· ... .~ .. • ~' • I! ~ ./ v .... -.~ ....._"',~~ ?~# i..f"l'""/. • .~..,:;; r' :1a;;crsto·.n1 (AP} - Sophie I w.i~;l it's wrong-straighten it I Drown made her eldr.st son up. . \ romise never Lo come back "He didi1't hurt tl:e cou:1try · ho::1c. like those c:·coks in \Vashington "E",cn if one of us becomes did," sile ~<:id, her voice gettiDG sc ·iousiy ill or even passes ir,uder. "A11d they all got fuil ' away, I told him not to come pardor.s." back i\Cie," she says trying to If uncvnditional amnesty is m~.~;k Lei· emoticr.s. "It was a net to be, the Browns feel they h::rd thing to do, but he's a arc at least entitled to have young m::n v.;ith a family. He tl:ei:- so'1 come to visit them. can't afford to oe put in jail." ''\'ie're getting older. Some Ilod:1cy Brown, 28, cannot day we may not h~ able to go ·o .. cross the American border to Canada to ~ee him," said Rod visit his pare:Jts and friends be- ney Brown's father, an employ· : cause a \'.'arrant for his arrest ec at J'Iarf1uette Cement. Trav- 1 on a cl.-<.ft-evasion charge has el mc1~ey is a problem, too. ber.n waiLng aln1ost from the Tl:ey almvst didn't make mot;1f.i1t J·:c fled in 1967 to avoid their recent trip. Mrs. Brown. active military service. who suifers from ulcerated The first clemer.cy program !legs, h:td a bad att<:ek this year. for Vietnam era draft dodg2rs IShe recovered but the fear is and deserters offered resist~. s still there that she might not a chance to explain their ac-: the next time. . · tions. They were required to ad - ~ Rodney said many evaders mit guilt and accept alternative share that cor.cern. service ar.d/or a less-than-han- "A lot of the guys here are orablc discharge. worried about their parents, :3ut Mr. Brown, now a too. They don't want to live in draftsman for the Canad:an the Uni~ed States anvmore ... governr,-:cnt, says he would not after eight years you are set accept punishment for a moral tied. But they feel the [U.S.) decision he feels was correct. '·I go·.-ernment owes them a moral I
feel moral justice w~rrants an obli~at!On to let them sec their t' unconditional amnesty," he said parents. l in a telephone intel'view from "I don't hold a grudge t. his Oaawa home. agair.st the United States," he , Mr. Brown \vas 20 when he said. "I don't think most dr .. I ' Part II--Main BALTIMORE NEWS-AMERICAN 2 September 1975 Pg. 4 (3) It is a cornerstone of U.S. defense strategy in the West. em pacific and a key ele ment in the defense of South Okinawa Remains U~S. Korea, and therefore Japan. Without Okinawa, the United States has no forward strate gy in the Pacific. "Except for the PJlUip Outpost In Pacific _pines," observed one officer, "we have nothing between us By KEYES BEECH His friends couldn't agree from Vietnam and the and Hawaii. And without Oki more, what with off-base shrinking U.S. presence in nawa, which means Japan, OKINAWA- (CN) Japanese beer selling far $2 · Thailand,. there has been 110' the Philippines wouldn't be Pfc. Marvin Jacks, 21, of a bottle. Luxurious living, reduction ·in the 18,000-llian mucb use to us." Kansas City, Mo., has spent long taken for granted by Third Marine Division on The military mission here $531 on phone calls to his U.S. military men on Okina Okinawa. is to "maintain the capabili wife back in the United wa, has become a casualty of Today there are about ty for rapid response by sea States during the three inflation and the decline of 33,000 American servicemen or air in support of contin months he has been on this the dollar. • on Okinawa. onlY 10.000 few gency operations ·throughout island, known to a generation The ground radar, which er than in 1972, when Okina the western Pacific," a defi of American servicemen as can be back-packed, is an wa, a U.S. military fiefdom nition broad enough to cover "The Rock." improvement on a larger for 'n years, reverted to Jap. .almost.anything. That sum amounts to more version once used to keep anese rule. · Two . battalion landing than a month's salary plus track of patrols along the The U.S. Air Force has teams of 900 men each are. fringe benefits for Jacks, a DMZ in Vietnam. 9,000 men here, only a slight afloat at any given time, one first enli$tment marine. The last combat marines reduction from thJee years in northeast Asia, the other "It's got to stop," he said left Vietnam more than two ago. The Army, which ran operating in southem v,taters. firmly, watching some of his years ago. They returned the island for· nearly three Significantly, one battalion fellow marines set up one of briefly last spripg, to eva decades, has been ·reduced to has staged joint maneuvers their new gadgets, a tripod cuate American civilians a few thousand men. in South . Korea with South mounted ground radar which from Phnom Penh and Sai Despite lefti!lt agitation for Korean marines twice this can pick up enemy vehicles gon and to rescue the crew of removal of the bases, the year. . at 3,000 yards and detect hu the American merchant ship present situation isn't likely Less than half of the 18,000 man movement at half that Mayaguez, an operation that to change. In fact, Okinawa marinei here saw action in range- providing the terrain still leaves some unanswered has taken on new importance Vietnam, although many of is level and unobstructed. to Washington and Tokyo the noncoms and officers did "From now on·, .. Jacks questions. Despite the withdrawal or since the fa.ll of Indochina to and 5,300 are teen-agers in said, "ainnail will have to the Communists. cluding many 17-year-olds. do." more than half a million men ventional weapons. the greatest powers are now added WALDHEIM ... Continued growing tnd competitive military estah IN A WORLD increasingly preoccu ·lishments in some of the most. sensitive effectively to play its primary role-a pied with the problems of social justice, areas of the world constituting a series role which in the present circumstances hunger, poverty, development and· an of potential detonators for a new and is vital to the survival of organized ·life equitable sharing of resources, global major military confrontation to which on our planet. expenditures on armaments are · ap. the possibility of the proliferation of DU· proaclling $300 billion a year. Never c~ear ~eapons adds. a new and chillin& The short-term reasons for . disarma dimens1on. .· . ment are even more compelling, In the before in peacetime has the WQrld wit 30 years since the United. Nations-and nessed such a flow of weaporis Of w.ar. · It Is vltany necessary, · m ale _.. Some $20 billion worth of anns are the nuclear age-were born,- despi~ a est of the welfare of humanity, Md ... number of important agreements for the now sold annually In the international deed Of. its survival that in 11111 • limitation and control of armaments, it arms trade. anniversary year th& U.N: lhQi.llcf.,. has not proved possible to halt or limit To the perils in the massive sider a basic reView of its rOle ill -dilar· the ar~s race in either nuclear or con- nuclear and armories of miJDIIIL . U.S. NEWS. &WORLD REPORT 8 September 1975 Pg. 8 (3) Scoreboard for the Vietnam clemency program, due to end September·l5: Less than a third of the more than 100,000 persons eligible applied. About half of the 16,500 convicted deserters and draft resisters who asked for clemency will get outright presidential pardons. Most of the rest will be required to serve time in public-service jobs before being pardoned. Only 5,555 of the 10,000 unconvicted deserters signed up, and about half of them failed to complete their work programs. They accepted undesirable discharges--and no more prosecution--instead of seeking clemency discharges. Of 4,500 eligible draft dodgers, only 720 sought alternatiye jobs. As for another amnesty offer--no chance until after 1976 at least. NEWSWEEK MAGAZINE 8 September 1975 Pg. 15 (3) RUSSIA'S NEWEST ROCKET BOOKKEEPING VS. BARBED WIRE Soviet rocket engineers are pushing development of a One factor that could slow the pullback schedule in new solid-fuel rocket with a range of about 2,500 Sinai is the budget of the Israeli Army. To save miles-too short to reach the U.S. and therefore exempt the Israelis plan to salvage most of the barbed wire from any ceilings set by the U.S.-Soviet strategic arms short supply the world around) that is now in place limitation talks.lt would, however, pose a potent threat their present forward positions. In addition, rather to_WEl§~~- E.!ll'()J>e, the Middl~East a_Ed 9h}_lla:..C~~led destroy. the thousands of mines emplaced in the SSX-20, the new intermediate-range missile, carry· deseit...:.:weapons costiiig up tQ$280 aprece:=me ing three warheads, could be deployed in underground lis will lift as many as p()s.sible,and replant them at silos or, to cop.fuse satellite recotmaissance, mounted new defense lines in the Sinai. · · on mobile vehicles. " - WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBm .------~~~~~~~~~~~~~------,~WASHINGTON POST J SEPT.DtBm 19?5 Pg. 9 pression Held Threat oUt·h Korea NEW IuRK TIMES .. 3 SEPTEMBm 1975 Pg. ? The question asked was:. By John Saar inger is the top hawk Clemency Program "Which would you favor: a . . . his visit is taken as n pardon after completion of al· general endorsement of Gets Wide Support ternative service, a pardon[ TOYKO, Sept. 2-Two Park and signifying that the without requiring alternative were riding through United States is not inter "'Jra·a Gal{llp Survey service, . or no pardon lit aH?" · •c ...... ,~ frenzied morning ested in pushing him on Gallup said it foUild little one day last week on clvil.rights now." The writer :i' difference between the views different missions that may not be named. Under President flltd.. ·.• '1s clemency of persons in the households together, striJPngly Korean law it is an offense prcll1'8m n!CluWnl alternative ot veteran•, both Viemwn and •-··--·--·· the American di to "defame" any of the service of VieUlam draft eva· pre·Vietnam, alld. nonveteran in South Korea. · country's "constitutional or- de¥ and desertfers WU .tronaiY households. Secretary of Defense gans" to a foreign corre- aupported as a .''middle-of..ute- .The poll found that Vietnam road approach" in a recent draft evaders ·and deserters R. &chlesinger was d for a conference spon ent. Gallup poll, the polling orpni· wl'io htd completed alternative Korea's military In an interview last week, tation said yestenky. service to the country and'had in the austere Kim Dae Jung criticized the : In the survey. taken lut AUC. received a pardon "could ex Park government as "a cor- 1·4, 46 per cent favored the pect a favorable reception from that houses the rupt and suppressive dicta- Fnsident's pr01fam, 18 per the American people." of National De- torship," and assailed U.S. cent thought a pardon should "The overwhelming majority policy in South Korea as be granted without alternative of persons in the survey (79 uu"'""m Kim Dae Jung, self-defeating. service, and 24 per cent w..-e pel' cent) say they would treat lf~orTTtPr rival to "I emphasize we should opposed to. a pardon under any such a person no differently .... ,-.,,,.m,u• Park Chung Hee not repeat the mistakes [of circumstances. than they would anyone else," figurehead of the oppo- . ] · K , The poll was based upon ill· Gallup said. "At the same time, sition to Park's strongman I n d oc hrna m orea, he terviews with 1,529 adults, 18 however, 13 per cent indicate said. "The United States government, was· on. his way should. revise its · policy of years of age and older, taken they would be less favorably court. in person in, more then 300 inclined toward a prog~.. ar· Since he was . kidnaped security first and democracy acientifically lfllected localitiu ticipant if he were to -me from a Tokyo hotel and forc second in Korea." across 1lhe nation. the Gallup a neighbor." \ Some reliable informant oqanization said. ibly brought back to expressed surprise that Kim L;;::;;;,;~;,;;;,;;;______1 Seoul in August 1973, Kim faced a marathon politi would speak with such can trial for various periods of judgement, with a possibles trial. Among the more dor, but noted ~t he is time. Kim Dae Jung's suc entence of as much as seven highly visible, well-known to cessor as opposition .party than 20 charges is an allega years in prison~ tion that during the 19'71 many ·American politicians, leader, Kim Young Sam, academicians, diplomatl and who had previously ac • · "Our judicial' independ presidential election he ence ds seriously damaged warned of a "generalissimo" · newsmen,· and to a degree is quiesced with the presi type of dictatorship unless under their protection. dent's appeals for "nAtional by the new constitution,'' he Kim Dae Jung said that unity,' is now undi!r investi· said. "I think the KCIA has President Park wete voted a strong influence on the ju from office. while he welcomed Schle· gation by the Seoul prosecu Kim Dae Jung is the best singer's visit and U.S. sup. tor 'for urging the restora· dicial ·branch.' known example of South port for Korea, America tion of'democracy. Observers say that Kim's Korea's vanishing democ should press for democratic The nation's leading poet, trial is being drawn out de racy and President Park's government as "the only Kim Chi Ha, has been on liberately ·because it immo steadily increasing suppres way of achieving real secu· trial for his life since bilizes him politically and sion of political opposition rity in this country." March. He is charged with •temporarily nullifies a gov in wpat he claims are the in He warned that the Park violating ·the anti-communist ernment promise to the Jap terests of national security. government's continuing law, and his denials and ·anese .that he would eventu The United States is faced suppression of dissent could claims that the Korean Cen ally be ·allowed • ·.mere were considerable in· will! special or; toes still start wlth blUe cten~m. Page 10. thousand back from tale embas~ creases also in production of However, th( sy building on Velasquez St. would cover a SJaowtbtte The Arab ambassadors, of the total rna ist George Baker of Texas will open the the addition of Juild of Organists' season Sunday with a the Sunbird, -w he Town of Tonawanda. Page 5. version of the Coupe. In Sp01•ts 'Good Early R• Simpson shuns Bills' players meeting, All of the ts at National Football League Players WASHINGTON (UPI)-President Gerald R. Ford · criticized from his right for ney. Page 16. sign~d a~ executive order Monday terminating the coddling the war's opponents Presidential Clemency Board, created a year ago · to and from his left for demand Farr reports to Sabres' training camp, ing, as part of the clemency, he were far, far away_ Page 16. help Vietnam war resisters clear their records and that applicants to the program s a means Dame football team wins opener · return to normal lives. perform alternate service work yers. lege, 17-3. Page 16. .Ford's executive order a& recommended f o r clemency before being grarlted t h e clemency pardon. ndustry ofL signed the Justice Dept. to after completion of alternate la est figures, Editoljiols _ clean up unfinished business of , service, 51 per cent were rec~ In the end - after two ex 1 6-model sal( tling and unsettling school n~ws, Ca i the board, which processed ommended for pardons and 6 tensions of time for applying to ti e this yea :e's trend-buckiqg enrollment incre e, 15,500 applications for t h e per cent were denied. the program - it drew about 20 ha bringer of President's limited clemency ~rnment and politics and the Chautau ua On its final day, the board per cent of its potential ap ye r for the offer. held a final session to complete plicants. ~ "freeze." Page 14. Atty. Gen. Edward Levi will the processing of 100 more Chaired by Goodell Where to Find It have until next March 31 to cases. A schedueld meeting of submit' final recommendations the members with Ford ·was The clemency board, under Crossword .. 2I Financial ... 7-9 Pictures ... . 12 the chairmanship of former to the President on applications canceled because of the ~om " e are enc• Editorial .. . 14 Herman .. . .. 12 Sports ... ~19 received but not wbject to final Kippur Jewish holiday. , Sen. Charles Goodell, R-N.Y., Enq. Reptr. 15 Hollywood ... 5 Theater ... was set up to' deal with both inil al res.pons< ,.4 actldn before the 18-member A spokeswoman for ~e ard TV ...... 6 mo els," said • Features . . 9-H Horse ~nse 22 said, however, "There will e a civilians and military. personnel clemency board went out of de Mack Wor Jl,e r-~ ,...... ,----.c..-::1....- ~- COPYRIGUI li'S CONGRESSIONAL OUAI\TEOL Y INC "-P'OCivct•on .,...OI'l,tltiN , •hOI• Of '" pa1t ••cept by ec!•tOfl•t cM•ntt Sept. 17, 1975-PAGE I ... •. t:: ·...... , • I • . ( ! '· ASSOCIATED PRESS WIRE - 9/19/75~ #10 ~ Four members of President Ford's Clemency Board for VietNam deserters and draft evaders have charged that the program was run by an anti-war majority that took actions which were unethical and bordered on illegality, the Washington Post says. The four sent a minority report to the White House charging that the 18-member Board was too easy in granting pardons and clemency discharges even to fbrgivement for crimes and for deserting their comrades during battles in VietNam, the Post said in its Friday editions. The Post charged that the Program started out as middle of the road but twisted into an amnesty oriented operation by Chairman Charles E. Goodell and his staff, the story said. Good~ll confirmed Thursday night that a minority report had been sent to White House counsel Philip Buchen, but he returned the report unread because he had not yet received the Board's Final Report. Goodell said he had not read the minority report and would have no comment until he did. The Board was disbanded officially Sept. 15th but its members were to meet again in Wahington, Sept. 29th to work on the final report said a spokeswoman for the Board. A copy of the minority report also was sent to the VFW, the ~ost said. It said the report was signed by retired Marine Corps General Lewis w. Walt; Ralph Adams, President of Troy State University, Troy, Alabama, James B. Dougovito, an instructor at Michigan Tech University, Houston, Michigan, and Reitred Army Colonel Harry c. Riggs, Plainview, Texas. None of them could be reached for comment immediately. -30- _.,.···-·--. ~ ~~~-_ "'.' .. -:._... .. r o t../.. ·-, /.. ~ -:· f •-oJ • - .· . ' ' .. -'-·-~ 9/19/75 2:00 PM Report from John Carlson's office at White House: In answer to queries ~received from the press~ spoke with Jay French in Buchen's office and as a resu~~his statement: "We have received a copy of the Minority Report but have not as yet had an opportunity to review it in depth. Under the Federal Advisory Commission's Act, the Board is required to submit a Final Report. t"l Until such time as the final report is received, ..-would be premature to comment on the Minority Report which will probably be a part of the Final Report anyway. -30- .. lVlino ri t y .I-Ii ts · Cleinen~y Panel Minm·ity Chargeti ClcnlCllC)T T~!Tr (> e V:.~lll:i h ,... r T )1 Q ~~ • ). s G .:._ nta]Ority l\' :u.t uiietnica . J~C@. .lt~ )J.lS Pa11el ActioilS\ · - I ' ' ,__. CLEiHENCY, from ;\1 a total.of one secretary to an- \ This, said the minority, win By George C. Wilson • , ' . . I swcr the phone, take mcs- undercut the intent to mnke n \V::u;.hinl!fLon Post Stnff Writer report, t e [' m i 11 g it "unror- 1sages. y.. · p~ ~orrcspondence ' convicted ell aft evader or vet· Presictcn t Ford's clemency tunatc" that "the fantas{_i eally and mamtam files for them. 1 h d . . d 1 . . . . ·.." l " Civilians who had dodged eran w 10 a recel~; css :board for Vietnam deserters , !;ttpclb )Ob of Ieputaule men the draft and then committed than an honorable discharge ami draft dodgers was run by I at!.cl women who performed crimes as well as veterans who more employable if he w;ns a an antiwar majorit~ tl'Vlt took under grcJt stress" is being Ihad b1·oken both military and clemency discharge. ''unethical," bordcnng on tlle-, ::itackcd. .- 1 L1ws often were . Act!ons taken . by major· gal. actjons to promote am- · dvili,a~s tl~e nesty, four former board mem · "When you take the midf{le g~·an"ed pardons and clemency Ity or the prestdenhal . clem- , G 'd ·n d, discharges by the board. ency board "are not ontv un- bers charge in a minority re- ground ooc1 e 11 sat 1 c· . · . . ' . ' . "The end result is that the ethical, but they may also bor· . port sent to the White House. sc~tbmg that ,as Ius own post- public will have a distorted der on illegality and could Retired 1\Iarine Corps Gen. tion during his year of run- perception of the clemency greatly cli.scrcdit the Pre~i Lewis W. Walt was so angercd ! · • Iring the presidential clemency discharge" because "it is dent's · clemency program In ·by the presidential clemency I 'board's operation that he sent ,· board, "you're fired at by both likely. to ·be associated with t?~,eyes o~ th~ Amer!can pub· a copy of the minority report 1 s1des." . criminality." he, the rmnonty con.ended.. to the Veterans of Forei!fnj' ; Retired Army Col. Phelps ·Wars, as well as the White . Jones, director of national se House, for distribution to vet-IJ erans today. curity and foreign affairs at Thus. it appears certain that I • the VF\V headquarters here, the board President Ford ar·l ~ho got the · report from Walt, pointed in hopes of healh,g j !lPid the three presidential the wounds of the Vietnam wat· is about to come under :tc· q!emency board members who tack by the politic,al right. It · joihed Walt in signing the dis h::)s long been attacked by the :renting report were Ralph Ad lel't, which charges that it ha:; ams, president of Troy not v,rantcd enough pardons. University; James B. Dougo- j Walt and three others of the 18-member presidential clem-f vito. a~ instr~ctor .at Michigan I' ency board charge that tlv: Techmcal UmversitY, and re clemency program . started out . tired Army. Col. Harry C. I as "midclle-of-thc-ro,ad" but Ri~gs of Plainview, Tex. i was twisted into "an amnesty- . oriented" operation by Chair- ' ~.staffers who are still doing I .. man Charles E. Goodell and some cleanup work at the his staff. presidential clemency boa,rd, I The minority protested that the "amnesty-oriented, Goo- -· wh.-ich was offi~ially ~isb~nd'"" I· dt' ll·influenccd group" went on Sept. 15, satd a mmonty pa- · , . ·- . too easy in granting pardons pe~: had been sent to the "d1d c.emcncy-. discharges- i-Vhite House but that they did even to forgiving men for n.ot know what was in it. ;rimes and for deserting their. comrades during battles in Vi· ; The · minority made these etnam. roinplaints in-its 10-page re- Goodell said last night th;tt p o~'t dated Sept. 15: ·.· he had not seen the minority · • "The board became a cap .,, See CLEMENCY, A9, Col. 1 tive of the chairman and the . st.aff" after its m embership . , (Jl fjS if. S'fYI R. \\·as incl.·easeci. in l\Iay, 1975, fmm nine to 18 members. The 200 law students who worked :. . 1/;1/-t-s on cases at the board this sum m~ r "were generally biased against the Vietnam war and I had pra~tically no. experie,~ c e 1 in , or w1th the military. l'he work they did in preparing I1 the case summaries was, as a , ·, ~ ..,.. result, often amateurish, I biased and many times incom: I plete ..." · ' 1 • Despite the fact that the j . t a rr of \he bon rei incrt"ased to : 600 people in Jqly - nncl that ! t!Je pNsonncl direPtor C'~ttlcl 110 t ar('uunt fur the absence of 1 ()[) cmployr•cs on c, nc d ay that 'month --- ''thc board members wet·c handicapped by not ·be· i11g nliowed :.; taH or scerctarial a ~;; i s t an c· c . .. lhC' JB buard m ember~ ; \"C'l'C Jln r~ ll y nllott<·cl · Fridoy, S"ptembor 19, 1975 The Wa~hington Star A-3 ------Goodell Called Too oft· Continued from A-3 .rn .. other case s, the mmotity group cha rged pardons were recomm end~ . ... . ed. ~or men involved in such milrtar.y offenses as aggra va~ed assault, striking an of~Ice.r and wrongful appro pnat!On of government property. - . "The clemency discharge By Orr Kelly 1 The Walt group was particularly s. hkel~ ~o be associated Wa shington Star Staff Writer critical of Goodell and the staff for With cnmmality," the re Retired Marine Gen. Lewis Walt two actions, both related to actions port said. "It will be de and three other members of the Cle involving those accused of crimes grad.ed and will not achieve mency Board have written a minor other than desertion or being absent the mtended employer ac ceptability. ity report bitterly criticizing the without leave. board's chairman and senior mem bers of the staff. When the board agreed vn a na "TH~OUGH the Charles E. Goodell, a forrner New tionwide publicity campaign in Janu appar~nt Ill-considered and York senator who served as chair ary, the report said, "the chairman, ':liSgUided recommenda manof the board, and Lawrence M. without the knowledge of the board, tiOns of the majority of the Baskir, general counsel of the board, wrote letters to all major penal insti board, the clemency dis wh:ch went out of existence Monday, tutions of the United States, advis ing charg~ may. be so degraded were chief ta rgets of the 10-page re . them that inmates who met the eligi and discredited tha t it will port. bi11itv• criteria should a pp ly.'~ These no l.onger be mea ningful as Actions of Goodell and his letters br'ought in more than 2,000 an Instrument of clemency executive staff, the report said, applications, the majority of which for ,the deserving recipi "have mi!;interpreted, circumvented were recommended for pardon, the ent, the report said. and violated at least the spirit" of report said. Although the· CleJnency - President Ford's exPcuti"e order Board \Vent out of existence setting up the clemency program. The second actior. sha rpli criti on Monday, only some 2 400 cized by the minority members was of the 16.C"O cases ha ndled "TIIE ACTIONS, in our opinion, "to introduce the word 'pa rdon' into by the boJrd have been are not only unethical, but they may the clemency decision on each appli.. acted .~POn by the Presi also border on illegality, and could cant's case, although the word 'par dent. I ~1 e minority mem greatly discredit the President's don' never appeared once in th ~ be:s sa1d they hoped the clemency program in the eyes of the President's executive order or proc- ca:.es would be reviewed by American people," the report said. lamation.'' . the pardon attorney "and Goodell said that, to the degree the only those applicants who minority report casts aspersions on THE RESULT, the minority mem deserve the discharge arc the members of the board or the bers said, was that pardons were awa rded i ~ " staff, "it is totally unjustified." recommended for men who had civil Goodell said, however The minority report was signed by ian convictions for rape, murder, . that the pardon attorney Walt; Ralph Adams, president of manslaughter, grand la rceny, armed can act only on some 900 Troy State University in Birming robbery and aggrava ted assault. cases where adequate ham, Ala.; James Dougovito, a They also charged that pa rdons were faculty member at the Michigan records were not available recommended in cases involving as Technological University in Hough many as eight insta nces· of absent or the board. On the ton, Mich.; and Col. · Harry Riggs, a others , the decision on without leave from the battlefield former officia l of the Selective -Serv and multiple refusals to go into com whether to go along with ice system in Texas. ba t. the board or ma ke the kind Walt made the report availa ble to of cha nges recommended the Vetera ns of Foreign Wars, which Goodell denied that cle mency had ~Y Wa lt a nd his associa tes released it to the press. IS up to the President. been recommended for a ny Inurder ...... _ .. .. Serious dissension in the cl emency ers and, he said, clemency had been __ program a pparently began during recommended in only one case of a the spring when the President a u ma n cha rged with statutory ra pe. thorized the l·xpansion of the original nine-mem ber board to l 8 members. Although clemency was recom mended for some men who had ~~ o ac "AT TI-IIS point, the board as .a A \VOL \'•hilc on leave from the com ------. wholr b0came a more an.ncsty-ori oat ZOilC, one who had vnluntccrcd for entca. Goodc ll-influe ncecl group, a second wu of du v !n Vietr:a rn \. t: s ''th Goodell, in turn, ~ c e min g ly turned ,:own bet: t;• <.~ h i<; ;•l <; Ct cc •ndPr the infiue.1cc c;f ! ih! ;;c ~o c; a! f.\, l"'t d"lY ;. \ O l v~.; d l "~··. i .lg the J,;;~t cm·nscl ;mel h•s !;,>rnewh 1t b: , •;~ d llcf, 'i,i, Go1. d ,~ !l s:lid. anti-Vietnam v.. :tr staff,': the r!.por t S:J id , .. '. ' "'. --·------· tl,.uct: ·; ,•,11-, t,.. ,t In ,,u1 .,. .:<''-L.-·. tl,c Pl!'lt"'ri'v -"r,)UJl ... , df'(.. (' •, P''luo,;s v. -rc •·rcu!l"I ''-'il ' l'd. fy. rn••,t _i;.\ 0!n· i :n ..1 ,;)} mll1tary !. fte-o.;c., :.:.s not granted enough pardons. ~- · University; James B. Dougo . .. !i Walt ancl three others of the ! 1 18-member presidential clem-1' vito, an instructor at Michigan ency board charge that the 'rechnical University. and re .·· clemency program started out ; tired Army .Col. Harry C. as 'To. iddle-of-the-ro.ad" bul l Ri;;gs cf Plai11vie'A;, Tex. 1 . ,. was twisted into "an amnesty- i ... · oric~ tc d" operation by Chair-· : .Staffers who are still doing I .· man ('na:.es E. Goodell and s~me clc:nmp work at the i ~-; his staff. presidential clemency board, I / -~ ·:-.;.::;..~-·· The minority protested that which was ofiicially r the "amnesty-oriented, Goo- -· ~isba nd~ I ~ on Sept. 15, said a mmonty pa.· Idt?ll -influenced group" wet:t e: l ' ~ , too easy in granting pardons pe.,~: had been sent to the I ~ I }, •.. n d c.er:1cncy . discharges- \Yl_lite House out that they did I . ~ even to fot·giving men for not know what was in it. ' . ;rimes a1~d for dt-serting thl'ir_ · . t ~ J 'he · minority rr:ade thzse I <:>orr.r~d<" during battles 'in Vi I etnam. c9mplaints in its 10-page . re· • ?! ! Goodell said last night th;: t -'V vort datt:!d Sept. 15: . ~ i he had not seen the minority ... , ·· o "The board became a cap .,, .... See CLEMENCY, A9, Col. 1 tive vf: the. e:hairrnan and the t f . staff" after. its m embPrship , ;; I.• {J!A,JH. 19 September 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR Mr. Charles E. Goodell Chairman, Presidential Clemency Board The White House THRU: Captain Leland S . Kollm~9J USN Military Assistant to the ~nt The attached is forwarded for your infor ation. Kenneth R. Bailey Colonel, USA Military Assistant Attachment OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301. 19 September 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR Mr. Charles E. Goodell Chairman, Presidential Clemency Board The White House THRU: Captain Leland S. Kollmorgen, USN Military Assistant to the President The attached is forwarded for your infor ation. Kenneth R. Bailey Colonel, USA Military Assistant Attachment CURRENT NEWS PART I EARLY BIRD EDITION 0730 PART II- MAIN EDITION- PUBLISHED AT 1130 • THIS PUBLICATION IS PREPARED BY THE AIR FORCE AS EXECUTIVE AGENT FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TO BRING TO THE ATTENTION OF KEY DOD PERSONNEL NEWS ITEMS OF INTEREST TO THEM IN< THEIR OFFICIAL CAPACITIES; IT IS NOT INTENDED TO SUBSTITUTE FOR NEWSPAPERS. PERIODICALS AND BROADCASTS AS A MEANS OF KEEPING INFORMED ABOUT THE NATURE. MEANING AND IMPACT OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL NEWS DEVELOPMENTS, USE OF THESE ARTICLES HERE. OF COURSE. DOES NOT REFLECT OFFICIAL ENDORSEMENT. FURTHER REPRODUCTION FOR PRIVATE USE OR GAIN IS SUBJECT TO THE ORJGI_~AL COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS. FRIDAY, 1 SEPTEMBEH 19 '.~.9-~ ',) GENERAL NB'I'S Sllt\1\RY NEW YORK TIMES WASHINGTON POST WASHINGTON POST 19 SEPT 1975 Pg. 9 19 SEPTEMBER 75 Pg.1 19 SEPTEMBER 75 Pg. FIU1 THE WALL STREET JOORNAL SEPTEMBER 19, 1975 Pg. 1 PORTUGUESE. REDS Minoritv.. Hits Jordanians World-Wide YIELD ON CABINET Clemencv.; Turn Do'lvn By HENRY GINIGER PATRICIA HEARST was arrested by tbe FBI In San Francisco. LISBON, Sept. 18-Portugal's Panel Actions [l.S. Missiles Miss Hearst was taken into custody at a Communists abandoned their house in the city's Mission di.'!trict shortly fight today for greater repre By George C. Wilson By Marilyn Berger after FBI agents captured ·two of· her com. sentation in the prospective \VM·hington Post Staff Writtr Washin&ton Post Staff Writer panions in the Symbionese Liberation Army, military-civilian Cabinet, appar. President Ford's clemem·y William and Emily Harris. on a nearby ently opening the way to its .Jordan announced yesterdas street. The three hadn't been heard from completion shortly. board for Vietnam deserters that it will not buy any Hawk and draft dodgers was run by since shortly after a May 1974 shootout in The final formula for the po antiaircraft missile batteries litical representation in the an antiwar majority th,at tonk Los Angeles that took the lives of six other from the l.Jnited States under members of the band that kidnaped Miss Government to be headed by a "unethical," bordering on ill•~· Hearst in Berkeley Feb. 4, 1974. The last leftist career naval officer, Vice gal. actions to promote am terms outlined by President taped messages sent by Miss Hearst said Adm. Jos~ Pinheiro de Azevedo, nest~;. four former board mem· Ford. It called the terms appeared to be four Socialists, bers charge in a minorit~· re· "insulting to its national dig· she had joined her captors. two Popular Democrats and one A few hours after her capture, Miss port sent to the White House. nity." Communist. Retired Marine Corps Gen. Hearst was arraignecl on federal bank But the effort to end the The statement by the official robbery and firearms charges carrying crisis of power that has almost Lewis\\'. Walt was so angered Jordanian spokesman in Am· a possible sentence of life impisonment. paralyred the country since by the presidential clemen:w man threw Washington into The agents who arrested the Harrlses July was still apparently a ten board's operation that he sent confusion, and the State De· "were out following leads, and finally one uous one, since the Ce>mmunists a copy of the minority report partment immediately sought paid off." the Federal Bureau of Investiga· served notice that they could to the Veterans of Forei ~·n clarifications., King Hussein tion said. They also took into custody a go into full opposition at any Wars. as well as the Whtte previously had appeared to ac woman named Wendy Yoshimura, who was moment. House. for distribution to vet cept the conditions, which in the house with Miss Hearst. None offered The Communists had been erans today. would limit the use of 14 resistance, although Mrs. Harris tried to demanding that they be given Thus, it appears ·certain thnt Hawk batteries supplied by run, the FBI said. Miss Hearst, 21, is the as many ministries as their So the board President Ford ap· the United States to defensive daughter of the San Francisco Examiner's cial Democratic adversaries, the pointed in hopes of healing purposes. Popular Democratic party. But the wounds of the Vietnam president, Randolph Hearst. the Popular Democrats, smart Analysts suggested that the No other known SLA membel'!l remain at ing under Communist accusa war is about to come under at· king may have been trying to large, Charles Bates, the FBI agent who tions that they constituted a tack by the politic,al nght. It assuage national pride by tak· headed the 19-month investigation, said. rightist, counterrevolutionary has long been attacked by the ing a strong public position Donald Defreeze, the group's leader, died In force, remained firm in their left, which charges that it ])a~ for Arab consumption whilE the 1974 shootout with Los Angeles police. demands that they outnumber not granted enough pardons. keeping his option.:; open Ior Russell Little and Joseph Remiro are incus the Communists in the same Walt and three others of the getting the missiles. tody following convictions for murdering way as they outnumbered them IS-member presidential clem· But the statement already Oakland's school superintendent before the in the elections for a consti ency board charge that thr~ seems to have created a coun· Hearst kidnaping. tutent assembly heldlast April. clemency program started out tcrproductive effect in the In that election, the Socialists as "middle-of.the·ro,ad" but U.S. Seuate. Some sources • • • polled 38 per cent of the votes, was twisted into "an amnesty· THE CIA underestimated VIetcong the Popular Democrats 26 per said that the deal is now dead strength at Army urging, an ex-agent said. oriented" operation by Chair· because Hussein has rejected cent and the Communists 12.5 man Charles E. Goodell and Samuel Adams, who analyzed Vietcong per cent. The rest went to the U.S. terms. numbers for the CIA in 1965·67, said U.S. splinter parties. his staff. Jordanian ambassador to forces in Vietnam were unprepared for the An editorial in the Com The minority protested that the United &tates Abdullah slz.e of the 1968 Tet offensive ·largell{ be· munist weekly, Avante, said the "amnesty·oriented, Goo Salah said that .Jordan still cause of "corruption in the intelligence pro· the new government, "despite dell·influenced group" we1~t wanted to get its weapons cess." Adams gave the House Intelligence the personality of the Premier· too easy in granting pardons here. ''The door is quite Committee what he said were 1967 cables in designate, represents a tum to and clemenl'y discharges· open," he said. "We would like which the late Gen. Creighton Abrams and the right." The editorial warned even to forgiving men for not to change our sources of ex-ambassador Ellsworth Bunker urged that that the people would support crimes and for deserting their :lrmaments but we would like estimates of Vietcong strength be held to or oppose it depending on what comrades during battles in Vi· some decent terms." 300,000 to indicate U.S. success In the war. it did and explained that the etnam. Communists had decided to co The Jordanian statement Adams said that tour months before Goodell said last night th;:t said that unless U.S. terms the Tet offensive, in which 3,895 Ameri· operate because "the alterna he had not seen the minori ~Y tive would have been not a were changed; Jordan would cans were killed, the CIA agreed to hold report, t e r m i n g it "unfor seek air defense equipment dow>t its estimate of Communist num ~tovernment of the left but a tunate" that "the fantastically government openly rightist." superb job of reputaable men from "other · sources" - a bers. It used the low estimate later-in To back its warnings, the reference to Hussein's threat predicting the strength of the Commu. party held a rally in Lisbon and women who performed nist attack. under great stress" is being to turn to the Sovet L'nion Tuesday night at which Alvaro for missiles. The purported cable from Abrams to Gen. Cunha!, the secretary gl;!neral. attacked. Earle Wheeler, former chairman of the said the Communists would be "When you take the middle The statement recapitulated Joint Chiefs of Staff, cited the need to pre readv to lay down their lives ground," Goodell said in de· some of the terms contained vent the press from drawing "erroneous and to defend the socialist revolu· scribing that ,as his own posi· in Mr. Ford's letter to Con· glo'lm:V conclusions" about the Vietnam tinn. Y('sterda:v the .. part~ tion during his year of run· gress. which .provided assur· board. "you're fired at by both ances that the missiles would (See NEWS SUMMARY, Pg. 2) (See REDS, Pg. 3) (See PANEL, Pg. 2) (See MISSILES, Pg. 2' JAMES KILLINGBECK, CHIEF.CURRENT NEWS BRANCH, OX 78765 HELEN YOUNG.AS$1STANT CHIEF. FOR SPECIAL RESEARC!i SERVICES OR DISTRIBUTION CALL HARRY ZUBKOFF, CHIEF. EXECUTIVE AGENCY SERVICE, OX 5288 4 Part II-- L __ ~9 September ~975 BOOTON GLOBE - 17 SEPTEMBER 1975 By Ken 0. Botwright .;Globe Staff US Atty. James N. Ga briel yesterday said that President Ford's clemency program· for Vietnam war resisters, which ended at midnight Monday, was a a separate program fOI" deserters wbo, it was hoped, would come out ol hiding 8114/or success in Massachusetts. retiD'D from abroad to do alternative li!rvic:e However, leaders of in hospitals, nursing homes, and otbel' public state and national amnesty institutians. organizations branded the 1be Peotagoolmew ol26,000 deserters wbo year-old program a failure might have been eligible. But of these, by the and a ''shamnesty." They end of the program Oil March 31, ooly 5,500 also pledged to continue bad cboa!n to take part. 1be Pentagoo bas their fight for tincondi been in touch with another 4,600, who re tional and universal am mained outside the program. nesty for all draft evaders, 1be 5,500 have llel"Ved 01" are ltiJl daiDI deserters, vetetans with. alternative service Ol"ganized by Selective less than honorable dis: Service 1-anging from 1 mooth to 24 moothl. At charges and civilians ar the end of that time they get a special rested for protesting the clemency discbarge from the Army, Navy, 01" war. Air FOI"ce. Selective Service thus far bas bad 722 draft ' "I . think the program evaders referred to it, 4,502 military desert was successful in Massa ers, and 320 men wbo bad been moved oo by chusetts because approxi the President~& Clemency Board. mately 25 percent of about Of tbelle, ooly 129 bavf completed alteraa · 190 men. eligible for clem tive service. ADotber 1,848 are at work. ADd ency eqrolled in the alter 2,446 either ret.ed to do the work...... , to native service program," them 01" were ..... from the pnJil"8ID Gabriel said. "Only two becala thev were uncooperative. individuals seemed uncoo perative, forcing us to The US Attorney's of send letters to the Selec said about 10,000 military Sta~es. fice reported 48 Selective deserters were eligible for \. tive Service, but so far we Service violators signed the clemency program and ~he said the .Massachu haven't taken action agreements for clemency 55~ participated. An ad setts Coalition for Amnes against them." discharges in exchange for ditional 21,000 deserters tr will suppOrt a limited alternative service in hos "are at large" - in Cana amnesty bill to be de.. · When Mr. Ford created pitals, social work, com-: bated next month befo'N! his Presidential Clemency da (which reportedly har munity agencies. and simi the US House J udiciilcy Board, about iOO,OOO con bored between 70,000 and lar fields. Service ranged 100,000 deserters and Committee, as a ve~cJ~ victed Vietnam war de from· about four months to which could be broadened serters and draft dodgers dodgers at the height of the maximum two years. the war), Europe, or un to include unconditional, were considered eliiible derground in the United universal amnestY' for ·all for consideration. To date, only two per States. · military and civilian ~ar sbns have completed their resisters. The bill's chief The board reviewed 15,- service. One or two Mas Becker also said 500,000 sponsor is Rep. Robert 500 cases, recommended sachusetts men surren military personnel had Kastenmeir and anotlier 51 percent .:for pardons, 43 dered in another jurisdic been given less than hon backer is Rep. Robert DrL percent for clemeney con tion and their c~es were orable discharges for re nan (D-Mass.) who sljb.;. ditional on completion of handled outside the state. sisting the war, and they mitted amnesty legisla~on alternative service. Six are not eligible for clem which has been incorpo.,. percen~ were denied clem ~o others have re ency. rated into the Kastenmeir ency. ceived letters warning bill. 'Ihe Massachusetts Coa Gabriel said his office theni: against droPping out In New York, coordina lition for Amnesty con: tor Irma Zegas of the Na.,. handled "only those clem of alte~native service. demned the cleme'ncy pro• ency cases who for one tiona! Council on Uncondi" An ofiicl~i-~ ·.G~b~i~I'S gram as a failure. It failed, tiona! apd Universal Am• reason or another - con office said 24 cases of al said Mrs. Patricia Simon science, family, religious nesty said Mr. Ford's leged Selective Service of Gold Star Parents for clemency' pardon was -".a - didn't report for mili registration violations "are Amnesty, one of the coali shaninesty- because it w.as tary induction." He said being considered." Nine tion's affiliates, because it political expedienc;y, that "in all faimees, they have been indicted and was "punitive and de prompted by the pardon couldn't aU be called draft face trial. meaning" and refused "to for Richard Nixon, and ·evaders in the sense those recognize moral opposition "Indictments have been because it contained buil~ .. words connote." to the war and inj.w;tic~ W. in failure-Ford knew returned on 77 cases, dat military- and Selective Military deserters were th~ most people who need am ing back to the 1960s, in Service system." - handled by the military. nesty would refuse his pu which the defendants are nitive-type Clemency." Spokesmen for the De fugitives/' the official Mrs. Simon of Newton She \aid her organiza fense ~.P!rtment __ jn said. "We don't know Centre - whose 18-year,-. Wuhlngton and the FBI where they are or what old son ·was killed in Vi-et tion would lobby for pas;. sage of the Kastenmeir in Boston said figures on they're doing." nam in 1968 - formed Gold Star Parents of Am legislation, also known as Massachusetts deserters John Becker, a Defense nesty, with 28 cofounders the National Reconcilia were not ·available. Department spokesman, from across the United tion Act of 1975. ·· · L------5-F Weekend Edition--7 September 1975 ~----~------~~--~~~~~.------.------~------~SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE 31 August 1975 (7 Sept) NATIONAL OBSERVER 13 September 1975 (7) U.S. sea strength The Vietnam War's Resisters Deserve Total Amnesty Now We cannot abSorb the. true lessons and meaning of the Vietnam experi ence into our history whlle continuing - a tragic decline to punish the innocent victims of America's war policy. To finally heal the wounds of war, we must take posi At the same time some 50 tive steps toward a national reconc111a . IT IS AN ALARMING tion that does right by those who fought mystery why there isn't more nuclear submarines, frigates, and those who c11dn't; by those who felt hell-raising concer.n in Wash destroyers and amphibious their overriding duty was to their Gov ington over rapidly declining assault ships, intended to re ernment, and those whose first call was United States sea power. Only place a portion of our many to conscience. a few voices, such as that of rusting and useless ships, are That is why I call for complete, im Adm. H. G. Rickover, seem confronted with construction mediate, universal, and unconditional amnesty. consistently raised about the delays more often than not. clear and immediate threat to One yard alone has extended The legal and economic burdens placed on the backs of mllllons of our national safety. ~xpected delivery dates of 28 young men must be lifted-now. Those ships by a total of 354 months. who resisted the war should be wel Yet the facts are as abun comed back without penalty. Those dant as they are alarming. EQUALLY APPALLING with less-than-honorable discharges While the Soviet Union pushes with our declining fighting shOUld be restored to their full rights and privileges. And those who enllsted steadily ahead, and already naval strength is that of our has a marked numerical supe or were drafted into that bitter war merchant marine. Since 1952 and· came back only to find unemploy riority in most ship categor the · number of Soviet mer ment and dlscrlmlnatlon should get the ies, our own lethargic pro chant ships has grown from hero's welcome of jobs and equal op gram remains bogged down in portunity to go along with their medals 471 to over 2,000 - a 455 per and memories. red tape, liberal opposition cent increase. At the same and inadequate appropria time the U.S. has been re I did not come lightly to this posi tions. duced about 65 per cent in· tion in favor of total amnesty. Rather, it Is the result of my experience on If the danger is · not al- · merchant strength - from the Presidential Clemency Board, an ready obvious, it was under 3,464 to about 1,000. // · experience that brought home to me scored by Capt. John Moore, the full unfairness of the treatment ac editor of the latest edition of Added to the negiected corded the different categories of peo "Jane's Fighting Ships," the tragedy of our sinking naval ple caught up in the snares of our sys world's most reliable guide on strength - both combat and tem of mllitery justice.. · relative sea power. He said: mercantile - is a little noted Many hundreds of thousands of fact reported in London's au young men were unfairly denied con "The ever-growing Soviet scientious-objector status, often be thoritative International Insti cause they were ·unable to articulate navy has outrun the legitimate tute for Strategic Services. their moral objections. Some were requirements of national de drafted or enlisted and even fought at fense and has no logical mer This eye-opener is that the front, and then deserted for com chant defe9se role in time of while few people were paying pelllng personal reasons, or were sad war."' dled with bad discharges because of any attention, the Red Chinese capricious or arbitrary rulings by · THE REASON for the navy became the third largest superior officers. Most of these young in the world. It now has an men are white, but a disproportionate t~henomenal Russian naval number are black, especially among gtowth is that for 10 years it estimated total of at least 340 the over 200,000 Vietnam-era veterans bas been spending about 50 fighting ships, 600 aircraft and with less-than-honorable discharges. ~r cent more than the U.S., a minimum of 60 submarines. Bad discharges amount to llfelong with a naval spending superi punishment for veterans who are stripped of the rights and benefits de QFi~y 33 . WHATEVER the cost, the of some per cent at riving from their-service, barred from the present time. Meanwhile, U.S. had better wake up and government jobs, and often denied pri the a-ctive inventory of our get moving to restore its for vate-sector employment. Bad dis fighting fleet is slated ·to be merly commanding naval po charges thus carry with them penalties trimmed to 496 vessels during sition. The successful defense absurdly inappropriate to the real or Imagined off~nses, often minor, that the present fiscal. year - of the Free World depends. on have sometimes been imposed for &'m~llest total since 1939. the U.S. being prepared. racially inspired reasons. It is time to wipe the slate clean. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MOOITOR 8 September 1975 (7) It ls time to finally end the war by ending the punishment inflicted upon those who refused to take part in it. ·-VERNON E. JORDAN, JR., execll Hold on to Guantanamo tive director of the National Urban League, in the keynote . A recent article by C. Robert Zelnick states good deterrent to c:ommWlistic aspiraticlns. address at the Urban League'B that if we are to expect Caltro to agree to Just where m Puerto Rico does Mi. ze1aick annual conference in Atlanta. -dismaltle Soviet military installatioaa oo have in mind that this bale could be dupli- Cuban soil, renounc:e intentioo to "export" cated; and who will pay tbe"bill! AJao, bow ------1 Cuba's revolutioo to other Central and South loog would Guantaaamo Ue idly by before American natioos, and to campeaute U.S. becoming a Russian IUbmaiae bale? Would citizens and corporatklos f« property aeized, we support our Latin interals by IUCh a these jobs. 1 strongly feel that too much of our present "the U.S. may well have to cia. its Guanta- move? We have a moral obHptiaa tben, • day thinking follows the road of pallive namo bale." I make strong objectioo to tbis well • a desire to ft!IUIDe peaceful reJatioos acquiescence to creeping communistic p)ml statement. with Cuba. Many Cubans living in and .-ouad 'lbat although 10 mile& Guantanamo City, I migbt add, did have ning. bale, ooly aquare, good Rear Adm. H. V. Hopkias, U.S.N. {Rft.) has coat the U.S. DO IID8ll IUID. It is Vf!fl'Y jobs Oil the bale until Caltro stopped tbia. With Pebble Beach, Calif. stratt!IP~ly located, and is undoubtedly a relatioos as before, they could again haw 2-E ------' CURRENT NEWS WEEKEND EDITION THIS PUBLICATION IS PREPARED BY THE AIR FORCE AS EXECUTIVE AGENT FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TO I;IRING TO THE ATTENTION OF KEY DOD PERSONNEL NEWS ITEMS OF INTEREST TO THEM IN THEIR OFFICIAL CAPACITIES; IT IS NOT INTENDED TO SUBSTITUTE FOR NEWSPAPERS, PERIODICALS AND BROADCASTS AS A MEANS OF KEEPING INFORMED ABOUT THE NATURE. MEANING AND IMPACT OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL NEWS DEVELOPMENTS, USE OF THESE ARTICLES HERE. OF COURSE, DOES NOT REFLECT OFFICIAL ENDORSEMENT. FURTHER REPRODUCTION FOR PRIVATE USE OR GAIN IS SUBJECT TO THE ORIGINAL COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS. FRIDAY P.M. 5 SEPTEMBER THRU 7 SEPTEMBER 1975 NEW YORK TIMES 6 September 1975 Pg. 2 Goncalves Is Removed. From Power in Portugal WASHINGTON POST 6 September 1975 Pg. 12 By ROBERT B •. SEMPLE Jr. Special to TM New Y"Ork Timer LONDON, Sept. 5-Socialist leaders from five· European de mocracies met here today and, Hill Gets Draft on u.s. Rp({ in tones of both frustratton and hope, pledged financial and NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK "fiMES moral support to the cause of "democracy and Socialism'' in SinUi 6 September 1975 Pg.l 6 September 1975 Pg. in Portugal. By Spencer Rich w~e l:l ouse Panel Backs The five leaders, · who Washin~ton Post Staff Writer Premier Rabin Sees joined by Mario Soares, the The White House sent to Sdcjalist paljy leader in P.ortu- Capitol Hill yesterday for con· Almost No Chance Amnesty for Those ga:J, met for· two hours at 10 Downing street. . At a news gressional endorsement a conference later, the new chair,- draft resolution approving the Of Pact With Syria Who Opposed War man of the group, Willy Brandt use of 200 U.S. technicians to of West Germany, read a state- monitor the Sinai peace line. By HENRY KAMM WASHINGTON, Sept. 5 (AP) ment committing the group to The language authorizes the Special to The New York Times -A House subcO!llmittee gave a program of ''friendship, ~nd President "to take such action JERUSALEM, Sept. 5-Pre 'approval today to, a bill that solidarity" with Portuguese S9- as may be necessary" to carry cf.alists but ruling out .interfer· out the Sinai peace agree· rnier Y~t2lhak Rabin declared would extend amnesty to draft ence in .Polltugal's internal af· ments, "including the use of today that there was "virtually re'-sters and soldi~rs who de fairs. any statutory authority of any no chance" for •aJn interim fied orders or deserted because "The great amount of good- agency of the government of agreement with Syria and indi of their opposition to the wal" will which the rapid decolonix· the United States." cated that there was a differ tn Indochina. ation and the elimination of The amnesty would be con the fascfst regime have created Congress is likely to alter ence of opinion on that issue must not be erased by indiffer- the wording, because it ap· with the United States. eitioned Strictly on Oppotition ence for the wishes of a majori- pears to give the President In a wide-ranging interview to the wu. Those seeking am ty of the Portuguese people," more latitude than many recorded for broadcast tomor nesty would have, to sign a the statement said in part. This members of the Senate For row, Mr. Rabin offered a sober. certificate stating that was the was a clear reference· to the eign Reltions and Armed Serv sometimes sober, assessment of £eason for their actions. The effective exclusion of Mr. ices committees have indi the year to come, Rosh ha bill would also allow the re Soares :from the Government cated they would be willing to lease of .people rfOW serving aespite the Socialists' strong accept. shanah, the Jewish New Year began this evening. alternative service under Presi showing in April's elections for Sen. Frank Church (D ~t Ford's amnesty program. a constituent assembly w:ith Idaho and other sen at r s Mr. Rabi based h~s skepti 38 per ce.nt of the vote .. 0 cism about an agreement with ·· The measure was approved Today's show of sympathy have indicated they want to Syria on three f ac tors. The ·f,y a 4-to-1 voice vote in the from some of Europe's. most, write in restrictions requiring Youse Civil Liberties Subcom prO!I'IJ.Q(!nt Socialists was clear- the President to refrain from ' first, he said, was the existence :mittee. The chainnan, Repre using the U. S. personnel for of Israeli settlements in the sentative Robert W. :Kasten ly · designed ·to en~ance Mr. military action and re,quiring Golan Heights area conquered meier, Democrat of Wisconsin. Soares's standing within· the him to Withdraw the techni from Syria ·Jn 1967. Mr. Rabin said. he was "not sanguine" Armed Forces Movel'ilent; the cians in case hostilities break said these settlements " were •bout the bill's ·prospects for revolution's ruling group, and out on the Sinai peace line. approval by CC)I!gress. But he not established---,.---- in order-- to be t~ hasten what the Europeans Secretary of State Henry A. 111id he believed · it had a evacuated." . eM. nee. perceive iQ. b$ the incl,"easing , Kissinger, at a closed meeting , "In an interim settlement In addition to amnesty, the isolation of the Communists. with the Foreign Relations none of us even imagines ad hill wot.ilc! PfOvide f(}f' restora The participantS~ a.leng with Committee Thursday, agreed, versely affecting any existing tion Qf constitutional rights Mr. SOares ' and ·Mr. 'Brandt, according to several senators, and Citizenship for those that were Pr·ime Minister Karold that he would accept a Church settlement on the · Golan left the coontry. Soldiers who Wilson; Pre'mlet Ol'of PRime of proposal making withdrawal Heights,'' the Premierdeclared. refused direct (}f'ders could· re Sweden, Premier Joop "M. den mandatory in case of hostili· Secondly, Mr. Rlllbin said that ceive amnesty if they could Uyl of . the Netherlands and ti 5 Israel would not agree "under say that the orders would have Prancois Mltterand; "leader of e · any circumsbances:• to change led them to kill som~ne in the F'renth socialist party. As the draft resolution was in the demilitarized status of \'iolation of their beliefs. The ·group; which ·gre:v out reaching Capitol Hill, Sen. the region of Mount Hermon, The bill would also grant of art even larger meetmg of William Proxmire (D-Wis.) in at the northern end of the •mnesty to any serviceman European Socialist· leaders in a statement said at least $1 U'lited Nation-supervised buf who "disobeyed a direct order :Kelsinki Aug. 2; ''also includes billion should be cut from the fer zone. ~hich if. obeyed would reason Chanellor Bruno · Lreisky of approximately $3 billion in Thirdly, the Premier said, the ibly have led directly to the Austria, who could· not be pre· economic and military aid for room for maneuver in certain death of another hu!Ylan being." sent. Prime Minister WHson Israel and Egypt that Kis· parts of the occupied territory . Representative Tom Rails acted as host in his role as singer is seeking in addition was between 100 and . diffi· b&ek, Republican .of Illinois, Labor party leader. . · to authority for the use of U.S. cult," he said, "to; asswne that contended there was no chance The ·members of· the group technicians. anyone can conceive that it Congress would pass the bill. are united. by their fears of is possible on such a basis He· said before the subcommit aCommunist take-over fn Por- Proxrnire said creation of a to conclude an interim settle- tee vote that only 3.6 per cent GONCALVES .•• Pg. 2 U.S. ROLE ... Pg. 2 RABIN ••• Pg. 2 AMNESTY ••• Pg. 2 JAMES KILLINGBECK, CHIEF,CURRENT NEWS BRANCH, OX 78765 HELEN YOUNG,ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOR SPECIAL RESEARCH SERVICES OR DISTRIBUTION CALL HARRY ZUBKOFF, CHIEF, EXECUTIVE AGENCY SERVICE, OX 52884 Part II -- Main Edition -- 16 Se tember 197 WASHINGTON POST - 16 SEPTEMBER 1975 Pg. 4 Clem sald. dCom letes be~~~~~=~m: · t-~W'~AS~Bl;;;:NG=:TnO!':.H:-P~OS=T~-~1~6-S=:EPT=~.~1~97="5""""'P"'"g-.-4---l Mission original nine·member board,, H p b N d By Douglas Watson :'!!~y in~':me:e:io:~~ ~ ouse ro ers arne Was!Un&ton Poet St>a!t Writer bers daily. including week- President Ford yesterday is sued a nexecutive ordrr end· en~~:~;e~~S board mem- On Missing Americans ing the life of the Presidential bers were meeting yesterday with the expectation they H s ·k c 1 Alb t · W TO Clemency Board, which in one would continue their delibera- ouse pea er ar er 16 SEPT • 1975 P , 4 year reviewed about 15,500 ap· tions into the evening to finish named seven Democrats and g plicatiolll$ for .clemency from making recommendations three Republicans yesterday Defense Production convletiill Vietnam war desert beofre the midmg'ht deadlin"'.... to a new cominittee· · to investi-d · The Senate passed without ers aiid thaft dodgers. The clemeDCY board expects gat missing milxtary an Cl· to forward 910 eases, in whi"'h vUian personnel in Southeast objection and !len,t to the Of the cases reviewed, 51 " House a .bill to extend emer- per cent. of the applicants to the Justice Department, Asia. gency defense production leg- were recOmmended for Par· information was incomplete Rep. G. V. (Sonny) Mont! islation through Sept. 30, 1977.. dons, 43 .per cent were recom· Which will assume responsilbil: gomery (D-Miss.), author of a An amendment by Sen. Wil mended for clemency condi· ,ty for making recommenda· resolution passed last week to tional on fulfillment of alter tions to the President. c,reate the committee, was liam Proxmire (D·Wis.), would native service, and 6 per cent The board received about named chairman. tighten procedures for grant- 1 li · ing temporary antitrust immu· were denied clemency, a 2 ,500 app cations, but 5,000 The panel was .given a one- nity to emergency defense White House release said. were from individuals found year life to investigate "the contractors. The 18-member board had nllt to qualify for clemency problem" of Americans offi- estimated that about 100,000 consideration. The board ex cially listed as missing in ac- The bill also would remove convicted military · deserters pacts to submit a final report tion in North Vietnam, South the $15 limitation on daily ex and draft evaders were eligi within six weeks. Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia; penses incurred by members ble for clemency considera Lindley of the Vietnam Vet- to investigate the return of re- of the national defense execu tion, nearly seven times the erans Center said though mains of Americans 'knownl tive reserve, e~abling them to number reviewed 'by the President For'd and Goodell dead in those countries, and to claim compensation at the board. raised the hopes of many Viet· seek information on Ameri-1 same rate as other serving the However, its chairman, for· nam war deserters that they cans that might still be held a.;;;g.;.ov.,.e_r_n_m_e_n_t_w_it_h_o_u_t.;.p_a;..Y·_...... ,.. mer Sen. Charles E. Goodell stored to good standing, the prisoner. NEW YORK TIMES (R-N.Y.), said through an aide board has not helped such Named to the Montgomery 6 yesterday, "We think the pro men get dishonorable dis- panel were Reps. HenrY Gon· 1 SEPT • 1975 Pg. J gram thai been successful be charges changed to honorable zales (D-Tex.), Joe Moakley (D- Thais to Quit South Korea cause we. ~ve been able to ones. Mass.), Patricia Schroeder (D· BANGKOK, Thailand, Sept. help 15,500 people return to "The relief that the clem- Colo.), Tobl Harkin (:Q-Iowa, 15 (AP)-Thailand has decided the mainstream." ency· board has offered to Richard Ottinger •D-N.Y.), !o withdraw her contingent of . Forrest Lindley, director of these people is minimal," Jim Lloyd (D-Calif.), Paul Me- 80 soldiers from the United Na· Lindley ~d. He charged that Closkey (R-Calif.), Benjamin tions peace~keeping forces in the Vletnaln Veterans Center, the Ford administration Gilman (R-N.Y.) and Tennyson South Korea at the end of this d1Ja8reed, charging in an "in· backed off from doing more uyer (R-Ohio.). ryear's United Nations General terview, f:The board didn't do under pressure irom veterans' ------~~ Assembly, Foreign Minister a thing for the vast majority groups. ·- 1Chatichai Choonhaven said to· of its clients . • • They really However, Goodell said yes- BALTIMCRE SUN ..,.d-.ai.i·------1 misled a lot of people." tA!rday, "I believe· that the 16 SEPT • 1975 P g. 9 The board was created with PI:esident's program was a fair been limited, Witb Its oceango considerable fanfare by a pres d fleet DUmbering than one and that in the spirit of s IDC less a idential order a year ago. a·u • . the origianl executive order dozeD CII'JO and passenger vel. President Ford declared then we have helped to heal the 1 1811, operatiJI& OD an UDIChed that the clemency program wounds (of the Vietnam war) ' ·h' · ulecl lei"Vice. would enable deserters and and bring us together gain." .S,·. · •ps ---e-t 8owever, the·new operation draft dodgers to "earn their In addition to the board'• wUIIDvolve usembling a suffl· return to the mainstream of 1 8 consideration of clemency for cient number of relatively new American society}' lblps for assienment to U.S. At On Nov. 29 President Ford convicted deserters and draft · - II t bl laatlc aDd GuH Coast porta 011 signed the first pardons re dodgers, the administration's ca a e replarly ICheduled calla from commended by the board. To amnesty · program included Baldi Arabia aDd the Arabian date the President has aeted consideration of unconvicted ., MlRPB I.IIILIWJCI Calf. on 2,400 of the board's 5,376 draft evaders by the Justice , 'l'lie Saudi Arabian gov· Tbe number of ships and the recommendations sent to him Department and of uncon. ~II worilng out final ar frequency of aailinp ~ yet to board as of last week, a victed military personnel who ~ of a new natlooal· be determined, the New York spokeswoman said. He ap deserted or were absent with· ·ftq lbiJ!ping opetatlOD tl)at lpOkeaman explained, although proved all 2,400 recommenda· out leave by the Defense Deo be did say thaf the veaela will tions, she added. wt1l t»Jace that Middle East na· partment. IIDD Ill ·clb:ee' -<»mpetltlOD for be break·bulk types, rather ·Only 306 of those persons A Selective Service. spokes· Amerl'caD CI1'IOfl for the flrtt tbaD containtnbtps. who have agreed to do al~a man said tbat.u a reault of all time OD a replarly ICheduled IDaupraUD& the service tive service for an average of the clemency programs, 5,532 bull. wU1 he the recently acquired llfx mongbs to earn a presiden• persons have been enrolled in AltllcJa&b ~ tbe Saudi IOV· llalp Saudi Glory, which is ti,al pardon have been enrolled alternative service. He said nmeot's New York represeot· lclleduled to arrive at the Gulf and only 54 of these have be· Coast ports ln late October, gun work, - according . to a 115 have successfully com· atlva seemed reluctant to dis pleted their service, 1,850 are reaellina Baltimore and New spokesman for the Selective CUD the operation, a spokes serving and 2,407--43 per cent maD for Overseas Conlolldatecl York early in November. Service Ssytem, which over -have broken their agree. IDitially, the Saudi·fiag ships sees alternative-service. Company, Ltd., the designated The clemency bOard's origi ment to serve. AmerieiD qeuts, confirmed Will be seeking all types of gen· nal deadline for applications The clemency board's staff JeSterdaY that tJae new govei'D eral earao, but the line's prima; was Jan. 31, but it was ex· this summer totaled more meat-oWned liner company ry tareet will be hi«b·rated tended to iMarcb 31, with than 500 government employ· -Saadi National LiDe-cur· heavy industrial equipment, the about 5,o00 applications eom· ees transferred from at least Nlltly Ia being orpnlzed; and spokesman said. The govem ing in durini March. 10 federal agencies. The 200 tllat tbe prillclpal u.s. porta of ~J~e~~t's decllion tq assign its "We're sorry that we didn't employees on duty in recent caD for Ita ve.els will be Balti· sblpa to Baltimore apparently have a longer pex:iod of· time days now will lbe returned to mon, New York, RoutOn aDd Ia keyed to Its ultimate &oal in which to 'receive applica· thetr tormer J~s. New Orleaa . llDee Baltimore II one of the leadln& · ao:ealled "heavy-lift" tions so that we may 'have The board members will Uatil DOW, Saudi Arabia's porta. •. helped more people," Goodell meet with President Ford to· aperlenee with . llalpplng bas day, the ~bite House said. 3 \ .A043 TUESDAY MORNING, 16 SEPTEMBER 1975 R B HAWKS 9-16 lf1f LD BY NICHOLAS DANI LOFF WASHINGTON CUJ'I) -- DESPITE THREATS BY KING HUSSEIN AND ~CILIATION BY SECRETARY OF STATE HENRY KISSINGER CONGRESSIONAL JtlTICS ARE MOVING TO TORPEDO AN ADMINISTRATION PLlN TO SilL JORDAN A $350 MILLION ARMS PACKAGE INCLUDING HAWK ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILES. IF OPPONENTS SUCCEEO IN PERSUADING CONGRESS TO VOTE IT DOWN THEY WLL HAVE TRIGGERED A SECOND MAJOR CONFRONTATION OVER ARMS SALfs WITH IE WHITE MOUSE SINCE CONGRESS IMPOSED AN EMBARGO FEP. 5 ON ARMS DUVIRIES TO TURKEY. REP. JONATHAN BINGHAM' D-N.Y., CONGRESSIONAL SOURCES SAI~L REMAINS fG)NVlNCED !Y KISSINGER S REASSURANCES THAT JORDAN WOULD USE HAWK 15SILIS FOR DEFENSIVE PURPOSES • HUSSEIN HAS SAID PUBLICLY THE WEAPONS ARE FOR DEFENSIVE PURPOSES. RE HAS THREATENED TO TURN TO THE SOVIET UNION TO PUCHASE AN I'WIVALINT SYSTEM, SUCH AS THE SA6 MISSILE, IF THE UNITED STATES IFUSIS TO SELL • BINGHAM PLANS TO SEEK A w!ESOLUTION OF DISAPPROVALw OF THE SALE WEN THE HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE MEETS WEDNESDAY AND n !RING THE ISSUE TO THE HOUSE FLOOR THE SOURCES SAin. THE LEADING OPPONENT IN THE SINATf IS SEN. CLIFFORD CASE R-N.J. THE SOURCES SAID A VOTE IN THE MOUSE AND SENATE ON DISAPPROVING 0 ~~=~~c~~~·Mr:~I~~E~Ngrv~t~~NM~~f:f~Ac:f~tv~u~~ ~k~E~i~ir¥DTo sE r::osr. · OPPONENTS OF THE SALt FEAR TJ.fE SOPHISTICATED HAWKS, WHICH HAVE A LMITID OFFENSIVE CAPABILITY BECAUSE OF THEIR SLANT RANGE OF 22 BLES COULD IE TURNED AGAINST ISRAEL UNDER THE NEWLY CREATED JORDAN-SYRIAN1 MILITARY COMMAND. NEITHER BINGHAM NOR CASE OPPOSE TNE SALE OF ANTI-AIRCRAFT CUI PM!NT TO JORDAN • BUT THEY CONTEND JORDAN'S REQUEST FOR 14 KA WK STTRIES IS EXCESSIVE. THEY POINT TO A RECOMMENDATION OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WHICH ROPOS!D SIX BATTERIES IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER EQUIPMENT. CASE URGED THE ADMINISTRATION TO ALTER THE wLETTIR OF OFFERw TO JORDAN TO REQUIRE THE MISSILES TO BI NON-MOBILE, PLACE! AT FIXED STES • • . UPI 09-16 04s 09 AED APB061 056 ' (Tj]ASHINGTON) -- IT'S REFORTED THAT PART OF A SECRET ISRAELI-AMERICAN ~REEMENT WILL GIVE ISRAEL A CHANCE TO ~ECEIVE LONGER-RANGE MTTLEFIELD MISSILES-- AND ONE REPORT/dSAYS THEY CAN CARRY NUCLEAR WARHEADS. 04: 08AED 09-16-75 I A048 D B J CLEMENCY 9-16 CEDITORSa PRESIDENT FORD MEETS WITH Ct.EMENCY BOARD AT 5130 P.M •. IT> MY LD WASHINGTON CUPI> -- PRESIDENT FORD'S NOW.DEFUNCT CLEMENCY 1PROSRAM lEW LESS THAN 20 PER CENT Of MORE TRAN 100,000 POTENTIAL APPLICANTS. AND UNLESS A C:ENERAL AflfiESTY IS PROCLAIMtD.~ UNREPENTANT VIETNAM WAR ISISTERS STILL WILL BE SUBJECT TO PUNISHMENT. THE CLEMENCY IOARD VENT OUT OF EXISTENCE MONDAY, ONE YEAR ArTER ~E CLEMENCY PROGRAM WAS INSTITUTED. PRESIDENT FORD PLANNED A IIEWELL MEETING WITH THE 18-MEMBER PANEL TODAY. FORD SIGNED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER MONDAY ASSIGNING THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT TO CL~N UP UNFINISHED IUSINESS OF THE BOARD WHICK BOCESSED 15,500 APPLICATIONS FOR THE LIMITED CLEMENCY otrrR. TO GAIN CIMENC!..a AN APPUCANT HAD TO PLEDGE TO PERFORM ALTERNATE SERVICE TO 'RE COUNrRY • &Igr !~EPii'~~ywli~Uif~~M~:~i:!~o:ycr~~=g¢R~tTi:Ec~~~liT~~S~F I.TEhiATE SERVICE, 51 PER CENT WERE RECOMMENDED FOR PARDONS AND ' PER ENT WERE DDUED. SOME OF THE PAPERWORK LEFT FOR THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT TO RANDLE ICLUDES THE 13 _000 CLEMENCY BOARD RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FORD'S REVIEW aD SIGNATURE. 1HE HAS ALREADY SIGNED ABOUT 2,400 OF THEM. THE PENTAGON~ WHICH HANDLED THE CASES OF UNCONVICTED DESERTERS, ~6~~~~~Dw~IL~ET~~VJ&s~~g~TDi~1~fM~:~fLii~i~~N~A~g~~DAT~~:~i~Lor ICoNVIc TED SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM · IOLATORS, REC£IVED 711 ~PLICATIONS FROM 4•400 MIN FACING INDICTMENT. UPI 09-16 04:40 A[D ------8 Part II -- Main Edition -- 15 September 1975 NEW YORK TIMES - 15 SEPTEMBER 1975 Pp;. 10 60% of Desertyr:s. Leave Amnesty Service . The Pn:side!ltlal Clemency would eventually be developed Board, wh1.ch 1s scheduled to to support him. NEW YORK TIMES By JON NORDHEIMER end operation~ .to~orrow, has He worked that way for Special~ '1'be New York Tlmel . completed certificatiOn of some three months, he said, before 15 SEPT. 1975 Pg. 9 HALF .JdOON BAY, Calif., 1 Sept. 14--.-When Saigon col !?~:?e: 1a~~u~Mi~~r~ ~; he was infgnned :atf ~e Five Foreign Journalists lapsed. J.aat spring, so did Gary amnesty program. Ab?ut half ~O:f[g. ~~uit ~~~ spring~nd Picked as Nieman FeiiQWS Della Bitta's pledge to complete have been granted outright c~e- shopped around for something mency pardons, but the remam- else CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Sept, 13 alternative service in the am der, about 8,000 persons. have Ail the time be had been (AP)-Harvard University an ~ program treated by Pres ~ tol~ to pe~orm., alterna- living with his parents; .he felt nounced Frilday the selection ident FOI'd one year ago in t1ve service,_ us1gnm~nts that guilty about letting his father of five journalists from foreign an eXecutive order ·"to bind for most ~ases are JUSt now • being handed out after delays a. county park ranger, support countries to join the 1975-76 up the nation's woll:lldl.'' class of Nieman fellows in jour- "It seemed so silly.~· the for due to red tape and confusion htm. There were other P~- . 'b'lit !ems at home. He had not hved nalism !lt the univerSity. · mer Army desetter explained over e1 1g1 1 Y· . with his family since he was the other day as he walked Government;, tources - expect .._ __.. ha ed Named associate fellows were along the overcast ·shoreline a 35 per cent dropout ,rate 20 yeas. old. He UtlU c ng the following: . on the peninsula below San in this program, although . cle• ~atly I~ those year~, espe- Robert G. Fiess, gene_rat editor .Francisco. "The war ill Vietnam : mency board officials are ge- cially d~g the stl;fY In Can- of L'Express, Paris, who will bad ended ·for the Vietnamese, . nerally more . optimistic. ada, a t1~e w~en h1s hate f~r study sociology and psychol 'f · 'th 1 . st um- the war m VIetnam and lli5 ogy. but it wu still. going on -for CalI orn1a, WI arge n anger at his government was me and other American war ~ of clemency s~kers, about overshadowed by his exposure Yolchi Funabashi, economic re resisters." . 4SO, now en~olled m !K>me form to meditation teChniques, mys- porter for Asahi Shimbun, Mr. 'Della Bi\ta,-WhOle' return of alternative service work, tical teachings and awakening Tokyo, who will study .eco home last fall from long self also has one of the lowe!!t drop- ld ,f .. li nomics, _international --rela exile' In Canada under t:he clem out rates, 8 per cent, ~ccording to a wor o spmtua ty.. tions and foreign·poJicy, ency proarem . wu . c¥onicled to Bill McCann, director of the . He ~as u~comfortable m !lr- Gunter R. ·Jiaaf, science editor by the New York· Times in state's reconciliation program ticul!itmg h1~ new perspective of Stem, Hamburg, West f r the Selective service Sys- O!l hfe to h1s parents or old a series of articles, has not 0 high schoo'ls pals. . Germany, who will study the been the onlY dropout from tern. "It was to far out for them," way In which. . specialized President Ford's amneSty army. Rave Flexibility he now recalls. "We were science information Is com- . municated. to the press. Mo"' thari 60 per cent . of Mr. McCann attributed the worlds apart and it was said the 5,554 military deserters ac success of the program in Cali- because there were so many Jatltis Horvat, repo.tter .for Hun cepted In the progran~ have fornia to a flexibility in the thinii'S and experiences I wanted garian Television, Budapest, stopped performing alternative type of service that can be per- to share with them." who will study the sociology public service, work that was and psychology of mass com formed, and to patience with Few Jobs .AvaJlable munications. assigned for periods up to 24 the erratic work patterns of months to earn the participant some enrollees. He said that his It was also very apparent Percy P. Qoboza, editor of the a "clem&ncy pardon" in .place office had recognized that the that few jobs of any nature Daily World and of the Week of a · dlshona_nble. discharge. slumping econorriy, with un were available to hitn. Unem end World, Johnannesburg, Ne~-- employment in California over ployment in Gilroy was run South Africa, who Will study ning around 15 per cent. Old • histocy, international · rela "The OQv.emment had' already 10 per ~nt, had hampered the efforts of many partidpaots friends of his who were Viet tions and sociology.' wasted five f~ IPd ....-en to nom combat veterans with months .of my· llte by torc~g find any kind of work. Further, individuals in the honorable discharges could not instruction in San Jose. In June me into Canada," he nicl, look find work. Since the onus of a he met in class a,-yo\Ing widow Ing out at the flshina bOats program who_ had already es tablished careers and spppol'ted dishonorable discharge carries with .a __ small . daughter who that dipped and jerked at,their its heaviest sting in the search lived El Grariida. He moved moorings- behind the breakwa depeildents were encouraged to in for employment, what differ in with her a few weeks' later ter at E1 Granada, the couta1 keep- their jobs whit~-_ orm ence would a "clemency hamlet where he now lives. iq other roles at n · t or on and found a part-time job as a weekends "conilisten ' with the pardOn'' m<e if no jobs were "I . finally decided I couldn't around, he asked himself. masseur at a health dub ope go. on letting . the Government spirit d the· program, .Mr. Mc rated by a motel chain near the cann said, if n~ -exactly meet BesideS, he saw, even people run my life.'' . . · San Francisco airport. He has The mUftary Is .prevented ing tbe requirements set down in a small town like Gilroy from prQaecut!n1' · program in the original a.nnesty ammge did not shu1l him because he refused t() accept welfare. dropoUts slni::e iliey ha'W all ment. had been a deserter. Some, par The fall of Saigon had seemed been offtcl,tlty ~eparated b'om "I don't ~~ it would be tlicularly those· his own age, to confi·rm his view that the the service, and the Govern In the national interest to seemed to admire him for what Vietnamese people would ulti force a ·man and his family, ment, for political u ~ as he had done. Even an old town mately decide the fate of their legal reasons, hai indicated It who are already in _tile main resident had. written-to Gilroy country and not a foreign army. wDI not proleCUte. even. the stream, ontO welfare," he said newspaper saying that. when He was Hstening to news re moJt fta,rallt ~plea fllf_.bad in defense of· the ''com the history of this country's ports describing the collapse of faith among thole Jllo !lave promises" in a- aelect number involvement in Vietnam was South -yietriam in Apri:l when 1lrrOken the ajreement: ;. of cues. recorded, young man like Gary he real!%ed what a heavy im Ill tbe two oUaJr cornpoilfntl .Mr. Della Bitt& wu· one of who refused to· go halfway pact that conflict had on his of the cJem,Jney...... in Mr. McCaml's OOlures.. . around' the world to kill a~ generation. vdvtnl unc:blwlcted Selective His. case wu never typlc81. llit population would be con - He recalled that the Bay of Service violators and form~r Mr. Della Bitta, unlike the ma firmed as· th!! real heroes. Tonkin incident had occurred Vietnam era servicemen with jority of military deserters, If the Government WQUld. not soon alter his graduation from less thaR hooora\)le dischai'les, wv.s collep-ti'ained, a biology grant him unconditional. am ~lroy Hip School, and how the perfOI"'IWlCe rate 011. · abr major· who periat.~ could have nesty, he mused, at least some VIetnam had dominated his life nt.tive service Is not~ clear. found some ·-satisfaction in of his i:OUlltrymen were -offer- in the decade that followed. In ~ ·first ct.~eiOry, tire workill! in some medical insti ing i:t. · · Those years had changed not draft -.vadera'. wh6 hkl .oyt in tution. HOIWever, that kind of There were telephone caHs only his. life but also every-• this COUDtry or went Into exile, employment was not available from amnesty offi<:ials. Nice, thiong he had known in the rela the incentlve for completing in the -Gilroy area, a small p()lite calls inquiring about his tive tranquiUity and security of alternative se~ce is inteneely t~ing community about 40 plans to retum to work. 'They small-town Amerk:a, where he felt, for, ulike the deserter, miles south ot San Jose, the offered him a job in the Salva had grown up to become the these meJl are vulnerable to nearest large city. tion Army in San Jose for $2 star player on his high school's criminal pro1eeution if they do Worked Without Pay an hour. championship team, and where not abide by~ pledge. Enough of Drifting he apparently was headed for So be took a job with the He turned it down and said a life of gentle conformity as II Are Reported Gilroy parks department as a he could not face another 18 an adult. Now he was in-to But there are only 718 indivi leaf raker and tree trimmer months of driftin-g. Enou~ of meditation, fasting, exotic heal dutls ·in this program. So far, without pay on the chance that his life. had been. s~t over ing arts, in a spiritual search 39 :have belen reported to the he could wort his way onto Vietmim, the draft, the military, for inner peace and some un United States Attorneys in the .payroll. When that hope and exile. All future communi derstanding about the nature of their districts for noncom dimm~, he went to work at cations, he · suggested, should the universe. · pliance, but it iiS not · known the local jUnior ·hiJh school as be through his public. service "The ))ell with it," Gary ·Della if any of the Federal prosecu a lal;loratory . assistant, again lawyer in San Francisco.. Bitta said on that day he de tors has moved on a case, without pay, on speculation by He 11pent the last of his Ca cided to leave the amnesty accOflilnl to a Government the school authorities that nadian savings to enroll in program. It was time at last to spokesman. money . from Fedetal sources Swedish -and Japanese massage make a new start. 5-F MONDAY MORNING, 15 SEPTEMBm 1975 APB055 048 (WASHINGTON) -- FOR THE FIRST TIME THE ARMY IS FORCING OUT OF THE !ERVICE SOME REGULAR OFFICERS WHO, IN' JOINING, INDICATED THEY WERE MAKING THE ARMY A CAREER. 03 151M;:D 0~15-75 APB059 052 CBEIRUT) -- ERITREAN REBELS TODAY THREATEN TO KILL FOUR AMERICAN CAPI'IVES UNLESS THE UNITED STATES STOPS ARMS AID TO ETHIOPIA. A SpOKESMAN FOR THE ERITREAN LIBERATION FRONT IN BEIRUT SAYS THE . . E-L-i"' S FOuR DEMANDS TO FREE THE CAPTIVES WERE COMMUNICATED TO WASHINGTON THROUGH ''A U-S EMBASSY IN THE MIDDLE EAST.'' IN ADDITION TO THE ARMS BAN THE DEMANDS INCLUDE: --DISMANTLING THE KAGNE)l COMMUNICATIONS FACILITY NEAR ASMARA,_ THE ffiOVINCIAL CAPITAL OF ETHIOPIA'S NORTHERN RED SEA PROVINCE OF ERITREA, FLUS A NAVAL BASE UNDER CONSI"RUCTION AT THE ERITREAN FORT CITY OF . M\SSAt~A. . . . --COMPENSATING ERITREAN AREAS THAT SUFFERED HEAVY LOSSES IN MASSIVE m'TACKS BY THE U-S-SUPPLIED ETHIOPIAN AIR FORCE LAST FEBRUARY. --PUTTING U-S GOVERNMENT PRESSURE ON ETHIOPIA'S MILITARY RULERS TO FREE ALL ERITREAN REBELS HELD IN PRISONS. THE E-L-F HAS BEEN LEADING AN INDEPENDENCE REBELLION AGAINST ETHIOPIA SINCE THE LATE EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE ANNEXED THE FRODEMINANTLY MOSLEM TERRITORY IN 19S2, INCORPORATING IT INTO FREDOMINANTLY CHRISTIAN ETHIOPIA. .. · THE SPOKESMAN SAYS TWO AMERICAN CONMU)HCATIONS TECHNICIANS WtRE MDUCTED JULY 14TH AND TWO MORE WERE K NAPPED IN A MASSIVE REBEL RAID · CN THE KAGNEW FACILITY FRIDAY. 04 :2 5AED 09-15-75 • A0.30 R P . CLEMENCY 9-15 Df.Y LD PY DAVID E. ANDERSON .W.ASP.INGT0.N (UP!>-- AF'TFR O~E YE'IlP, TFE CLEMENCY PR0G?Il\1 F'O? VIETNtl~ \I:AR RESI.3TEPS F~JS TOYJAY. TFS: "1A\.J ~~FORAN IT SAYS HE l~ PLEASED WITH THE PROGRAM, PUT MA~Y OF TPO~E IT ~n~T AFFECTED ARE ~OT SA TJ~I F' lET'. PRESIDENT FOPD SC~EDUIED A LATE AFTER~00.N FAREWEll MEETING WITH THE 18-MEMBER C.LEME~CY PnAHD, WHICP WAS TO PPE~ENT ITS FINAL PATCH OF REC0MMENDAT10~S. . · . -~TS CHAlRtv:AN, CHAPLES G00DEL1, SAID, "WE'RE QUITE PLEA3ED WITH THE t()RK TPE E?OARD :}JP:S )C'~JE'." · "THE PROGRAM PAS COMPLETELY FAilED IN ALL AREAS " SAID WARREN HOOVER, EXECUTIVE DIRE'CTC'R ·oF THE ~ATI0:'-. 1 AL INTEP?E{IG10US .:,?:?.VICE POARD FOP CONSClENTIOUS OPJECTORS. "LE~~ THAN 20 PE:::< CENT OF. THE PEOPLE ELIGlPLE .APPLIED A;'JD .1ANY OF' THE'vJ HAVE SINCE: I"ROPPED 0UT ." BOTH SIDF.S CONCEDE THE PP.OGPA'-1 FAJU:Il TO KEACH VA3T NUVJE'ERS OF YOUNG MEN WHO FOUND THE:vlSELV.ES 1:--J LEG1H JEOPAFDY PECP.USE OF TJ-IE WAR. ' FORD SAID WPEN HE ANNOUNCE'f1 THE F?0GrcA'·1 SEPT. 16, 1974, THAT ITS "PRH~ARY PURPOSE" WAS THE "RECONCILIATION ••• AND RE::>TORATION OF ·ssENTIAL UNITY OF AMERICANS." THE LATEST PPELI:-?INA P.Y STATISTICS S H0\11 THE C LE~ENCY 20A RD ~ECF..IVED. JEOUT 161 500 APPLICATIONS FR0~1. AN SSTIMATED POTENTIAL OF AEOUT 100,000. DRAFT .DODGERS ANfl DESE'RTEPS, INCLUDING. '1A~'Y Wf.Jfl WENT· TO CP.:--Jt.."f•AANJ EU 0 0F'E ~~ifi .3TIU !-'AVE. :--;~T ;::;:::.. ~ I.'·iriCTz:,, ;.;z.?E: C..:LIGIPLE TO APPLY FOP CI:NERflLLY LOW-PAYI~G, PUPliC S'::.:Pvrn·-TYFE CIVILP;; JC'2.:i. AFTER SERVING FO~ UP T0 T~O ~~A 0 S, PUT USUAlLY AFTER ONLY A FEW teNTHS, THEY WOULI' AVOH1 PP03ECUTIO:-J IIR wOULD RE.CEIVE A P~ESI!"!ENTIAL JARDON IF THEY J-IAD CONVICTIONS. · AU10ST PEFClRE THE INK ;,JAS poy ON FORD'S PP.OCLA'vfATICIN MOST A'vfNESTY POPONE!I!TS SAID TFE PR0GP.A'1 WAS "PU~ITIVE" AA.Jf\ THE !VJAJ0R:2XIT.'t ~GANIZAJIONS APRCAD WERE CALLDJG FOR A POYCOTT 0F TPE FOPi) Pr?C'G~A'1. WILE CONTINUING TO ~E'1AN~ UNIVEPSAt AND UNC"ONI'ITIONAL AMNESTY. . "WE FEEL THAT WE DID A GOOD JOP," G001JELL ;)AI). "OUR INTENTIONS Ti:RE GOOD A:'JD FVFPY0NE '..JHO C.I\'1E THROUGH HERE GOT A FAIP. SHAKE :..,rEDID ASERVICE FOR THESE PEOPLE." • UPI 09- 15 0.3: 25 A ED 8 Part II -- Main Edition -- 9 Sept~mber 1975 ~~~STIAN SCIENCE MONITOR EOCKY MOUNTAIN NEWS (DENVER COLORADO) 8/23/75 (9/9) 9 SEPTEMBER 1975 Fc;>rd 1s arms warning THREE WEEKS AFTER the Helsinki. warned that if SALT II isn't ready to initial Usbon lurches summit, President Ford has warned ·this fall, when· Leonid Brezbnev is tenta Russia he will have to speed up the arms tively due in Washington, be will ask Con race unless a new treaty limiting strategic gress for $2.8 billion more over the next forward- weapons is signed this year. two years for nuclear weaponry. Should we be alarmed by this tough talk? That amount would be additional to the As the tremors of change continue in Is the policy of detente going down the $9.8 billion for strategic arms that Ford Portugal's government, the only certainty drain? Has something turned sour in our has requested this fJSCal year. It frankly seems to be the difficulty of achieving both relations with Moscow? Should we dive for would signal an upward spiral in the nu stability and the political moderation voted for tbe bomb cellars? clear arms race, which nobody should by most Portuguese. The United States and Fortunately the answer to these ques- want. Portugal's other fellow members of NATO tions seems to be no. However, that is unlikely to develop. In cannot help but be encouraged by the reduc · First, the President was talking to the t~ct, Defense Secretary James Schlesinaer tion of CornrftUnist minority leverage as seen American Legion convention in Minneap- privately argues for a shift of $5 billion in the exit of General Goncalves from both the olis Tuesday, an occasion where a hard- ~ver five years from strategic to conven premiership and his proposed role as chief of line, big-defense, stand-up-to-the-Soviets t10nal forces. And Moscow itself is thought staff of the armed forces. To have moved into speech is de rigue\Jr. not to want an ~bridled arms race, which the latter key position would have done would shatter detente and which the nothing to ease NATO concerns about sharing Second, Ford has been attacked by Soviets might not win. . mutual defense infonnation with anyone lean potential challengers - notably Reagan, So h Wallace, Jackson and Bentsen _ as naive . t e P~bilitr is t~t Ford's ·thn;at, ing so far to the left. about detente and too coneiliatory in deal- ~ o~ pres1~ntial.poht1~ and negot~t- But Sunday's disgruntled resignation of the ing with the Kremlin. mg tactl~, ~I register m t~ ~mlm Goncalves Cabinet contributed to the kind of Third Secretary of State H Ki . 8J!d tha~, m tlDle, a new treaty lun1t1ng nu- troubled transition that invites incursions by , . enry ss~- • clear mlSSiles and bombers will emerge. the extremes of the left - and the right. With er, w~o ~ly wants a· second ~rateg.c Whether it will be completely fair to U.S. settlers from riven Angola returning to Portu arms. hmitation treaty~ year, thinks the security interests (SALT I wasn't) is gal, speculation abounds that they would Russians have been moVIng too.slowly and premature to say. But in any case Ford's bolster a far-right, get-tough alternative not urged Ford to apply pressure to them. speech happily is no sign of a return to the only to communism but to moderate gropings For all those re&liODS the President cold war. ,______....,. towardthe mob domestic attacks peace. on provincial· Communist KANSAS CITY STAR 25 AUGUST 1975 (9 SEPI'.) headquarters may have indicated the depth of Portuguese popular feeling against author itarian rule. But they also were ominous Chill Soviet Winds After the warnings against letting politics-by-violence become accepted on behalf of any part of the Helsinki Declaration political spectrum. That triumphantly worded piece of Then there is the odd view the Soviet Before push comes to shove, in the old ~ape! known ~s the Helsinki dec lara- Politburo is taking of the section of the phrase, it iNtal that the emerging govern tion IS somethmg less than a set of sa- Helsinki declaration that deals with ment, headed by Admiral Azevedo, be seen as cred an.d im~ut~ble pledges as far. as the freer movement of people and responsive to the moderate popular majority. the Sovtet Unton IS concerned. Pred!ct- ideas. The Soviet high command re- The divided military regime may itself feel too ab!y. the men of Moscow are havmg fers to this provision as relating to cui- insecure to permit immediately the civilian some second thoughts about what the ture and information and says that co- participation in power that the Socialist and pact that wa~ worked out at the Euro- operation In such fields will be based Popular Democratic parties seek. But soon pean Securtty Conference really on observance of national "laws and some indication - perhaps even a timetable - means. customs." That definitely was not of a move toward representative government There is, for example. the matter of what President Ford and other West- needs to be given. "fami!y reunification," which is a eu- ern leaders had in mind when they If such a possibility seems overoptimistic in phemism for emigration in the context signed the agreement. Application of the midst of the current turbulence, it must be of the Helsi.nki declaration. But the the laws and customs of Russia and its remembered that predicting the recent reac bead of the Soviet visa department has satellites would remove none of the ex- tion against communism would have seemed now stated that Soviet emigration pol- isting barriers to transmitting ideas the same a few weeks ago. The situation was icy is already so liberal that improve- and letting people move about Europe still volatile this week beneath the calm after ment is impossible. Those tens of thou- freely- the weekend upheaval. But at least now the sands of Russian Jews who would like Constituent Assembly, which General Goo- to emigrate to Israel could not accept Thus it appears that no change is in calves had threatened to do away with, sight that could lead to freedom for the remains in a position to resume its work on this view. Moreover an increase in anti-Jewish propaganda is reported in people of the Soviet satellite belt. In fashioning a parliamentary constitution. The some of the Soviet republics. Also the two year}' the 35-nation conference will rejected Communists apparently now seek to reviewfhe effects of the Helsinki dec- work with those they sought to ·dominate. Russians are claiming that the issue of n. While it is too soon for a full Jewish emigration was not covered by ment of the results. the first Continued progress away from dictatorship the Helsinki agreement since Israel should reassure Common Market nations did not take part in the conference. ions are not even faintly en- which have been holding up on loans to 1------.....ll:WI-__m_g_. ------1 Portugal in doubt about the prospects for AIR FORCE TIMES 10 SEPTEMBER (9) democracy there. A solution is urgent to Portuguese leaders 45 Pet. in Clemency Program Skip whoknowtheircountryhastogetonwiththe economic and social measures to pull its WASHINGTON- More than 45 per its holder to qualify for VA or other people out of feudalism. Other nations, while cent of the military deserters who sign post-service benefits. standing ready to help and leaving no doubt of ed up for President Ford's clemency OLthe 4503 militarv members who their sympathetic concern, will be well ad program have skipped out on alternate processed through Fort Benjamin vised not to interfere politically but to allow work obligations and are considered Harrison, Ind., during the clemency Portugal to continue in its own way along the out of the program, Selective Service program. 60 have completed work obli hard path it has already traversed better than says. gations, Selective Service reports, and many would have believed. The only repercussion is that the 2037 another 1376 are working now. former military members will not be . Of the rest, 748 have been referred to says. eligible to trade undesirable dis JObs, 155 had jobs that have been inter charges for clemency discharges - a rupte~. 65 have applied for second or There were 166 AF deserters quali swap that is automatic for all who com third J~bs and_ 62 have reeeived tempo fied for the Pentagon's portion of the plete the program. rary Job waivers for a variety of clemency program, and only 46 signed !'I either discharge, however. permits personal reasons. Selective Service up- 45 EM and one officer. 4-E ALAN S. EMORY ,r·) ~~ 1273 National Press Bldg.-Washington, D.C. 2oo1f--(202) 638-4642 ,, ·' ,, \ I l '·; '~ · \ I .I I I I Wokrlown S'ef.fen Le r ~ (fran/- fUJ" ) ss"Pa'trtcra -campoeu Hearst, -ner motneq s1ly-sl!e- stlll >ove<1 It was all over, anct she ctldn't Mateo county Jail a· who laid her head on the shoul- her; a def~ndant who offered say a word," said Tim Casey, how she was captur· der of a father she had once re- no objection when her attorney the police inspector who made Hearst was quoted as viled as a pig and said "Where said she would plead innocent the arrest. "I wish to hell I kne ~l.iao~•i!e!'P"'i!,..'l!l8ii11Nl~·~she to the charges against her. . . .. when Mrs. Broussarr : ft:l hoEv~...... ,.,. The woman who at the peak H E R PUBLIC utterances mented on h o w lo ~~fi#J!~,- LA's Road to Violen, Cr1t1c1sm of Amnesty Unit elieved at Dead Ent. Associated Press revoiutionary group dedicated neis and mines. Its n :Veu:s Washi ngton Bureau SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 20 - to violent overthrow of the trained in the use of fi · WASHINGTON, Sept. 20 - The Symbionese Liberation American system. explosives and Former Sen. Charles G. Goo- Army (SLA), which snatched With Miss Hearst as its gun- warfare. dell (R., Jamestown) who headed the recently disbanded Patricia Hearst, murdered a toting showpiece, the SLA rob- It demanded t h a t Presidential Clemency Board black educator and grabbed the bed a San Francisco bank of Hearst's father, Rand· terrorist spoOight was a tiny $1S,OOO in April 1974 '"to finance Hearst, give free food . has taken exception to com g r o u p of dedicated young California's needy perst- ments by retired Marine Gen. outla'.VS. the revolution." condition for her release Lewis W. Walt that the board For almost two years, the The g r 0 uP surfaced in At a time when other was so amnesty-oriented its S L A spouted its slogan: November 1973, when it mur· groups were moderatir operations "bordered on "Death to ·the fascist insect dered Oakland Schools Supt. ·tactics, the SLA was illegality." that preys upon the life of the Marcus Foster in a fusillade of criticized for alienatin Gen. Walt was one of four of people." Its emblem was an cyanide-tipped bullets. It said numbers of people by i1 the 18 board members who sub ancient symbol, a seven-headed the respected black educator fication of violence. mitted a minority report on the cobra. was killed because the SLA op- Its members were board's operation. With the capture of Miss posed student identification young, white and colle. Mr. Goodell s a i d the Hearst and three SL.~ com- cards being instituted in the cated men and worn: board did not change its ap rades Thursday, authorH.ies be- school system. Miss Hearst and the SL proach to amnesty for Vietnam lieve they have rounded up the At one SLA hideout in Corr· rade she loved, William deserters and draft evaders but last of the heavily armed rag- cord, Calif., police found an son of a Pennsylvania de it was Gen. Walt who changed. tag revolutionaries. SLA "death list" of public and * * ,. Mr. Goodell noted that at the Two others were convicted of corporate officials mar.ked for BUT IT SPRANG frr start of the program Gen. Walt murder and six died a year ago kidnaping and execution. appeared in a number of radio black prison movement . last May in a firefight with po- • '" • • fomia's Medical Faci. and television public service lice in Los Angeles. T H E Y FOUND detailed announcements urging partici Vacaville. Its founder ' • • • maps of remote are.as, marked escaped black convict, pation in t h e program but THE SLA WAS a self-styled with trails, cabins, wells, tun- "when Vietnam fell he started DeFreeze. saying, 'no clemency'." After DeFreeze escap The former senator, replying fled to Berkeley where l to the minority charges that harbored by a feminist, the board was too lenient and Ex Mental Patient Held the founding SLA doct too amnesty-oreinted, said each and drew a following case was decided on its own young and disaffected. merits, each by vote of the In Integrationist Killing He took the name "C board. ; after the leader of ar A ..ociattd Pre.. office and shot him once as he slave ship revolt. In hi DAYTON, 0., Sept. 20 - A bitter tape recording tc Aide to Javits sat in his chair, then walked Hearst's parents, he said: former mental patient has been over to him and shot him three charged with murder after he "Speaking as a father. Critically Stabbed more times. quite willing to Jose bo; walked into the office of Dr. Long, the divorced father of children, if by that ac WASHINGTON, S e p t . 20 Charles A. Glatt, a nationally seven children, was taken be could save thousands of (UPI) -An aide to Sen. Jacob recognized desegregation con black, yellow and red cr. Javits (R., N. Y.) was in criti fore a U. S. magistrate where cal cor.dition today after he was sultant and fired four bullets from a life of suffering, ~ he made no plea and no bail tation and murder." stabbed in the side while walk into him. was set. An arraignment was ing along a northwest Washing "I did what I had to do,'' scheduled for Thursday. . .. . THE GROUP took its ton street. Neal B. Long was quoted as Dr. Glatt, 47, who also was Robert Amador, 21, of Los white, died on a hospital oper· from the word "symbim Angeles is in the intensive care saying Friday after shooting ating table an hour after he beneficial mutual depen u n i t of Rogers Memorial Dr. Glatt, who was in his of was wounded four times in the of different organisms. Hospital. fice in the federal building neck, chest and abdomen. The group professed P o I i c e arrested William writing an integration propos ,. ___D r__ • _ Glatt has worked on irf,:a.ala .., _ _. __ :.- •• David Hallman, 24, on a charge al for the city school!:. 1 11 of assault wilh ;nt.. n• ·~ -' A. FOq~ I~...... , <' ~ Gl 0:: - ""'~ '" Clemency P..rogram -: / On Drtift ~Re~iste~S""' : Defended oii Bo~~d ' ' ...,. "'~··. ~-- ·:'·' 11.------WASHINGTON, Sept. 22 (UPI)-The majority of the 18- · member Pre~i~~al-_Clemency Board.. today. 4>d'efjptded. . .;odle board's year-lollg,effort•to • re concile Vietnam-e~ qraft re~- ~ ters and military·· -deserters · member minori~y. .. ,,. , . . .. ~·In the.. ..exe~uv;, ~.:prder.', PI Sept 16, 1974_;.11 tbe: ,President indicated his hOM,.was .to _heal the wounds .of, -a-v..ery difflciJltr..------ and trying time.. :in'! America.'& history," the ·.l~ll)ember major- ity said. "As members of the 1- d · we.....:a:re-.Jfeeply gratified t have been participants in r:t t missien: and feel that our at.Ions. and recommendations wtll serve to accomplish that dal and to help .rehabilitate many pef!!OilS _- ba<* _;into : ~e . nt.instream, o~ so~fety.~· . :,. • , ·On Friday; ileu(. llen; ·t"'ewl II Walt retired, of the Marine drps, made public a ·minority raxlrt accusing the board and ltf •WT;·neadedoyfornier sen ati:Jr. charles E. .. Goodell. of be idt so .P~.:amru!L...tb.at .it..bPr~ d"-"ed on the unethi~ and ftle • ilFegal. . ' ;~ l mte · miROPit)L~ .., which· ~eral W.~t *'-t.-t&·the. weite House and which is being held there until the board's full' re· port is made. Within · ·the ne six weeks, accused the bo of circumventing. Presiden Ford's executive order se~ guidelines for the limited .cle. 1 ~ncy. I· ~i <\\~~~ ~ 1~ . l I ;•- :-rtt ":'.-~--=- rtt 1 :-·~l: ,..\J 7! c:~ Til ... r, r'tf•ll :Jc.r ~j '1 rn:..:; i.: -- t\L.. t: t. -N. .:.~o.• u l· r nE r i" .. ill i\ T:.;C r·i-!~; l- i i=" i:~ !=" ;.: [• Li Tfl =··u· . I I L. [;:' l' L ...• l r ·.:&' .... ~~/fiN •r:r. ·-·-- .l..l • i BOfiP.:D .:..• i" IIi· C T u-· ~~ r:. vtL•l ''~ MILITARY DESERTION il T E.... ,,.., .. •,.. ! i ~, .. ~1 ~ l~ l ! .... '"til !"' .-i Mc: Ei;• ',! !'"; - i \l ~ i,.,i .H;-. '-.;- T, ,.-_1· f' d .-. i:l 1:- c '"''-l\ TL!ft.t.. wi_...... , .... In f .L 'a...l vnHr:L _: r~~ LiBER~L REPUBLICAh FROM ~EW YORK NHO CRiiiCIZED ThE WhR .-. Mr·, 1 .-, T• ,.., L' u-, T , q c c p ...-·· T c • • A,. -,. ,·"~u· n .... Lti c.r. c:., . n s..; ...... l=li, L. :;c. , 1 ANI) OF . E '•Pt··- r ~~ ntt•1 T' THI n. , •-1J. .~ •• 1L. n 1 r.F~"•f:T'Ti'u i• Til!"' 't!IC._ r,_rL. 1 ... ..1~ T!_! I !i C. isll•-.1/i ti' !I!. i' .. nr ,-. ,. ,-, T 1 ,-, 1"1 j: r-. T il t"·. t u TI) !I 1711 CiJL.r.u:. r ~ns.Lc. nc. ·-:Bu ,_,C.'.:r•r·r t... n~1_,j, TO t1 lnlLIJ~ .. :..· · ... r.u 1 \'.,.,.. ..,.,.._/ r. r r t! 1• 1 1 ;, r. r. T r r, I c I roo. ~ • HAVE Oi:.C.I~ •••"n'"r ~ • ··-...'rr.; I , ...."" 1 ~i,·' i'"'i'iij-1: r~ s.~nR .._,. e c.' .; C.IJ HEUTRAL I TV. I I... IF' !r .. From Harvard Law Record 10/3/75 Freezing in the Dark An1nesty Policy Called Total Failure Ed. Note: "Freezing in the Dark" as "unsuitability" and "for the tive service, and 2,166 had will occasionally appear in this good of the service," yet the "failed to complete" it-i.e., had paper containing the personal opin Clemency Program leaves them presumably quit the Clemency ions o{RECORDstaffers on matters of with empty hands. Program. Adding up the latter current interest. Nor is the Program aimed pri three numbers, we are left with By ArnoldS. Rosenberg marily at those most visible of an 1,316 people who seem simply to tiwar activists, the exiles in Ca have disappeared. A plaque on the wall of his plain nada. A little-publicized "catch" in The report additionally cites the paper-strewn office declares, "Mod the Clemency Proclamation ex number of applications for clem eration in the pursuit ofjustice is no empts from eligibility those persons ency as 22,266. Of these, ap virtue; extremism in the defense of who are excludible from the United proximately 9,000 received un liberty is no vice." But one wonders States under U.S.C. 1182. Section conditional clemency, largely per after talking to him whether Henry 1182 excludes those who left or re sons who had already served prison Schwarzchild, Director of the mained away from the country to terms for "eligible" crimes. Sub American Civil Liberties Union's avoid military service. Instead of tracting one from the other, we are Project on Amnesty in New York, is the supposed firebreathers of To left with over 13,000 people, of really an extremist or whether, in ronto, the bulk of the Program's whom approximately 8,000 show stead, it is Gerald Ford who, by im participants have been deserters, up nowhere in the alternative ser plementing his clemency program most of whom, according to the au vice figures, and of whom only 1,956 for draft evaders and deserters, has thorities who processed them in the had done any kind of alternative perpetrated a fraud on the Ameri Clemency Program, ran away for service. can public. personal rather than political Compare these numbers with the In the wake of the Sept. 15 dis reasons. roughly 130,000 that the Govern solution of the Presidential Clem The Clemency Program thus ment concedes were probably eligi ency Board, Mr. Schwarzchild, poses a curious inconsistency: ble for the Clemency Program, and who has spent the last several neither the most nor the least de the magnitude of its statistical months monitoring and criticizing, serving, in Ford's view, are affected failure becomes apparent. Mr. decries the "two-fold failure" of the by it. It also leaves intact one Schwarzchild points out yet an Program: (1) its very assumptions further anomaly. Numerous other incongruity in this regard. were "punitive", and "demeaning Americans who have tried tore-en While t'tle last two Directors of the and hostile to the commitments of ter the United States from Canada Selective Service, Curtis Tarr and war resisters"; and (2) it was a have been turned away at the bor Byron Pepitone, have estimated "statistical failure even within its der on the basis of s.1182, even that from 4 to 10% of all males who own assumptions" - it failed to though their indictments for draft turned 18 during the 1960's failed reach even those whom it was de evasion or desertion had long ago to register for the draft, two million signed to help. been dismissed. Thus, while people men turned 18 each year during Now, it is facile to echo Wil who according to the President's that period. Even if one uses a con liam F. Buckley's judgment that and the Silent Majority's assump servative figure of 5% non "if you opt for civil dis.. tions deserve punishment are get registrants, says Schwarzchild, the obedience, you take the pen ting "clemency" many others who total would equal a million men - alty." Yet, if it is really civil dis could not possibly be convicted of nearly ten times the number obedience - refusal to go to these "clemencied" offenses remain claimed to be eligible by the clem Vietnam that is being in exile. ency authorities. punished by the condition of al Not only does the Program However, one thing is clear. In ternative service that is at function aberrantly, but the the wake of the most divisive tacked to clemency in Ford's Government can't seem to keep war in America's history, the program and which makes it so its munbers straight. According purposes of national unity are unattractive, then why does the to a Library of Congress Con hardly served by a "clemency" Program fail to provide a less gressional Research Service re that leaves unaffected the punitive clemency program for port, compiled at the request of largest body of American politi the 650,000 Vietnam veterans Senator Edward Kennedy, 5388 cal refugees since the Tories, who now frequently go jobless individuals had been "proces and insists on punishment for due to their less-than-honorable sed" for alternative service as of many others. Rep. Robert Kas discharges? A large percentage August 26. Ninety-three of these tenmeier's bill, H.R. 9596, would of them did go to 'Nam, and were had completed their terms, 1863 go far toward remedying these discharged for reasons as vague were performing their alterna- conditions. 8 HARVARD LAW RECORD VOLUME1,NUMBER12 YOUR VOICE ON CAPITOL HILC' OCTOBER 28, 1975 ... g e t Cl n ncy .Board by Art Janovsky What began as an attempt at !-----PHASE I PHASEII--- -PHASE Ill--PHASE IV-- PHAS'£Vl were for receipt of only one or crisis management over a year , I ' . two thousand applications !. i . ago ended in an apparent : • I :' :I before the i nitial YO-day ~ . ! : management crisis on Sep 6 'i deadline of December 31, tember 'IS as the Presidential ! KEY: '~ I i 1974. A total professional staff I \ I Clemency Board (PCB) went --ApplicationS/ month • • 1- I . of 15 was felt to be suificient to ! Application after this . j out of existence. Given a short t l -o-Receipt of the fo files/month f \ ass ist the nine-member board .. J date were received earlier, · f period of time to do its job, the 0- I --Case Production/month \ f in handling the anticipated board had to be fast and ef 0 s: · \., but only perf,ected ~he~e whe~ shown here. volume of applications by the 0 ...... Cases Heard by Board/month I - 't, I • ' · ' ; ficient, for there was no possi -' ! -x- Cases Sent to President/month I I\ : I \ ' ' September termination of its bility of continued existence, Ill ' o.,:~ ..).' existence. .· IIJ I { , ·. ,-r...... _l and no time for attention to Ill I I \ /• I . ·~ • •.'. Board chairman Charles < 4 I ·'I I ,' I I ·._:- .. tr1v1a. While avoiding , I. u \ I : Goodell, as a result of widely ~ I ' traditional governmental inertia, '· I / • _ i : ; ·. publicized pleas to the ... :( .· ., a prime goal of cr1s1s ' I . \.: i· ~ \ I : :• President, succeeded in cx management as outlined in ! /\ ,:: .. ;\ . ·' 'tending the deadline for l :· ... ' i ! Alvin Toftler's Fuwre Shock, 3 receipt of applications until the board ran into other I I \ , . ·.' March 31, 1Y75. In the lirst . problems. ' \ /. . ,· ! '~ three months of the year PCB· .:. · I I ·: · If Sources associated with the : I staff. convil"lced that they were now-defunct PCB have 2 - not reaching enough potential I ;' 11. : , il l ~ \ outlined these several areas in T applicants, mounted an ex which the board failed to 1 tensive public·ity campaign. By i ! I D/c ,1 / \ ~ / : l \ ; achieve its objectives: April 1 they had succeeded far i I I I • j : b • Fa ilure to meet its final 1 ' tf / '. .f , . I • .beyond White House ex · deadline for hearing of cases. '' .," / o···o.j. 1 I pectations, having received ·': ·'" I 0<'. ~,. . \ . I~ ! t: • Delays and complications - . /I /" • ~ , j l \. almost :;n,soo applications, of in the preparation and hearing . .-~-·- ~'- --':.~-:--:-:~:-:.:.:.::.~ ..: _. :--: ~:~~- <- ----:" ____ ,.~i-.·-- --!-_'.....··- .-. •-.· ~----· .'7 • which 15,500 were later of cases. :---""--<.:-~_;;;;..-;-.: .~. :.. :.:.~:.. :,..• ~-~-=.;.:. ~~~--==-~~::( .. :-~...:'~~ ::.. ~- . .... __ ~ ~~-- ~.~-- ·... '. deemed to deser-.e con • An uneven flow of work, ! SEPT. OCT NOV OEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG sideration. resulting in work floods and ' FIG.URE C ·PRODUCTION PHASING It was obviou~ by April that droughts. the original small staff could •Low output and . troubles. In attempting to ved amnesty and who did not. tenses carrying bad conduct or not process !>Uch a volume organizational morale among create a program occupying In order to make such dishonorable discharges. before its September 15 many staff members. the middle ground between decisions a case-by-case ap- Draft evaders living abroad and de.ad lim• if the case-by-case ap •Inconsistent and sometimes total amnesty, demanded by proach was adopted. · · non-convicted AWOL military proach was to be retained, so random application of criteria liberal groups such as the The presidential clemency personnel W£>re under separate additional staff was requested for evaluation of the merits of American Civil liberties Union, board handled only civilians Justice and Defense Depart from the Office ol Management clemency application and no amnesty, the position convictt.-d ol draft evasion and ment (DOD) programs respec and Budget in order to con of most veteran's organizations, military personnel either tively. Even thus limited it was Root of the Problem tinue operations ba!>ed on the the problem was defined in released from service with estimated that over ·toO,OOO original concept. 13 y )unl' the The nature of President terms of determining and im AWOL-related ·undesirable ad were eligible for the I'CI3 board's rt"quest had been Ford' s amnesty program was plementing a consensus on ministrative discharges or con· program. Nonetheless, early rl'a lizt;d, a~ a peak staff of 600, · the fundamental basis of its criteria to decide who deser- victed by court-martial of of- Administration f.>redictions (Continued on puge·-- 3) ... ~ ,.. - ·-· . . _; 'f'...... ,. . ... • t- . • ' ' . Aptnestq_Evaluation.: .,. , ; An •Jnsider's''View? . I ------' ~~r-~ews ,(.:.17- .1~ ~ ~ ·:.---- - ~~. ·What is needed, according to l Fa~ \ _ ' ~ )her Theodore Hesburgh, presiBent ~ ------· Hf ~ ~f 'Notre Dame, is a . new stud ~. of \ . : io8mnesty . -t -~ '· , ~ :-" .• Father Hes urgh has urged the 1 I t. ,.ford Foundation to'finance such·.~ ) 1 ~ tstudy which _would be undertaken at If t J(otre .Dame's Civil Rights .Center 1 l -·under the direction of Lawrence 88~ l r _kir ~eneral · -'Counsel of President · ------_ ~ ~!~d~ ~ont_rove~s ~al ~le]!'.~ ~Y:-,f .. Advocates of unconditional amnes- J ty for Vietnam-era draft ·evaders, re- 1 sisterS and deserters moe indignant at . ~TJ::fh~k~ ;~~~; ~esbu~~~. w~ { himself.favors amnesty, should malte . a speech to C9ngress, not a l- study that would take another year. t · : . They also see it as an outrageo\\s · attempt to justify the ~ident's { clemency ptpgram, which ;closeil down after a year of operation, hav ing attracted.only 18 percent of its \ ~otential c ije~;ele~- ·--~ '- ··i~ J~ . ·1· [ A .FORD FOUNDATION jpokes: man ·said that the grant has not yet been fmally :approved and 'that· the· prbject would be much broader than .a - review of the Clemency ~ Board: 1 They look upon it as an update of an }- .internal study· made a year ago o · the ·problems of resisters, evaders. deserters and veterans of the· Viet nam War They decided on the basi ' of the study to take no further action Henry Schwarzschild, chairman of the American Civil Libertia Union and a fierce critic of the .Pltsident' ·. clemency efforts, is outrag~ · ! •. . "They did a study.and 'djci~ed · do nothing '!~n it to"!ld h)v~ helj. -. • ed," he saia.;.: 'I am. d1stretsed thit· an organiza~ion SOt' influential and powerful would continue 'to stuCJy problems instead of helping solve· \ them. And it 'strikes me as a tiad iCJea 1 to go to the people responsible for a l . review of a government ;agency's 1 work. It isn't even peer-evaluation. l it's self-evaluation, ·and I don't see what good it would do." .,. . tf · 1 But Father Hesburgh t&1nks that -~ an uninformed public and any presi- dent would benefit Irom a ftistory of . past amnesties and the "wealth of mformation·: yet to be ·mined in the _ Clemency Board's files. . · Despite his convictions on uncondi- } tiona! amnPc:tv hP tnnlr •"'~ ~ ~"- ~- ... - 1:be Cfuening anh ~unhau Jiulletin 30TH AND MARKET STREETS PHILADELPHIA. PA. 19101 Serving lhe Greoler·Philodelphio and South Jersey Area February 1 3, 19 76 Senator Charles E. Goodell 1225 19th St., N.W. Washington, D.c., 20036 Dear Senator Goodell: I'm enclosing a copy of our editorial of last Sunday calling for a renewal of the clemency program. I apologize for the week's delay in sending it to you. I ~~D:Jlas Bedell Editorial Writer ,.-:;: NEARLY EVERYBODY READS THE BULLETIN Pennsylvania: (215) 662-7550 New ).,.sey: (609) 966-7111 ••>J•• t"'••t; "-.u...... - .... •••-•••.,...... ,..,,}.,..., u.a.•• .,.,...., .. w wuw~.a..>\.oJ.~ .,;,J.,VWJ.J.A5 Ui-f Ul · UU!t:1 , il.tf14.,;QJ} GilU a matter for speculation. Cubans and Rus- Middle Eastern· tf9Uble spots, Will atowie old . . ~ sian5 in Angola obviously are not worrying . concerns ·among some ct Castro's .Latin , .... about American reaction in the post-Vietnam American neighbors and in the U.S. as well . . m~ of this country against intervention, and ' .Fidel Castro rriay glory in Cut>a•s new role in an election year. . i!l the vanguard'of Communist military inter- There will be consequences, however. For vention but for C~bans, when they learn the one thing, Cuba's Prime Minis'ter Fidel Castro scope of this intervention, there will be a due- has made a choice and perhaps a serious mis- bill in death and injury. . 'i-. , i t• take'~ ' · · • In the United States, where there· has been ~~~fias only last Summer that the Organiza- steady movement. toward an accomodation . :· w J • 1 tion _pf American States lift~ the diplomatic ·• with Castro's .Cuba in 'the "spirit of detente," . "' r and political embargo imposed, a decade ear- · .Gastro's actions on ~gola have sent the polit- lier; •· On Castro's Cuba. The . change came· ; ical warn_fng flagS flying again.. . '.· . I H . • . :e ...... ;. _, ;_M~ny still eligible ·· ·:~·· F£6 · ·J',· 11~/l:, ...... ' ··· RelrtState 21eme11cy . '-i!i . y .. .• . •. . . .. • . .,: ·: . . L ' , "' • ' ot ,. : ;;J... .- '!"1- J A I . Wllen former U.S. S~nator Charles E. ~ . . S~!l~tor Goodell and his fellow board .mem- ." .': · ·: .• dell released the final report of the Presiden~ : bers 'feel ~a~ most o_f the 91,000'youthS who' . ' tial Clemency Board recently, he urged Con- did not apply for clemency either· didn't k:Dow ~res~ ~o restore an_ opportunity for clemency ~ the! were eligible, or dismiss_ed the prygram to yietnam-era offenders who.did not respond out-o(-hand. ·As sketch~ the Clemency .. to Pi;esident Ford's original. seven month pro- Board,.inany of ~he convicted Qffen~ers dO '{!Ot gram. . ~ desei"Y.e to have the; stigma of felony con• . ~re is much in Ule Oemency Board's re- victions or bad conduct disch8rges JtanglDg port-to justify reinstating a program of recon- over them· for life. · ·· , ';. · · •• ciliation for draft evaders and deserters on a ln short, .there ~re extenuating cireum::. longer term basis. . .. ·stances of many twlds .. A blanket amnestY . · Seftator Goodell was the cha_irman of the would be unfair to men who f~ght and died or . Clemency Board. While the board considered work~,in alternative service as .conscientious :·_. its work a success, it reached only 21,729-or objectors. · ·· · · · .• ·; . . ~ <·-,: ~ . 19 ~rcent - of 113,337 young m~n who were ~ . ~own to be in trouble with Selective Servjce · But It is also unfair t~ be forecl~ing c1E!-·· . : or military authorities during the·war. mency diScharget or preSidenti~l pardons 'for .. . Far and away, the largest group of potential thousands of young men who could qualifY for. . beneficiaries are not fugitives; They are ·them. By re5uming a modest clenency p~· - · young men in this .country who have already ·gram.·· Congress would be helping to ~eal · . been convicted and punished fpr their ·of- woimds that linger from a·. bitterly divisive ~ '\' .... c ;;; .. . . fens~. · .war..)_ •·. •. ·... ~··::f r. 1;::.\;·.,_, .,i ' . I' ...... ·~- . 't t or · J • .. {,~ ·~ "'..i.. ~ '"" .. · ... •-'· .,. .... ~ ¥.. . :t • - ~. · Tile $20-million pinch " ;_.. ; · . _. ...~ 't • . . ..; . ;·. ·)... ~.~:·.~ ,.. .-: - ~'.} ~;...... ~...... , ~...... \ ... C .. ~ • ... .-...... •• \. II. I I~ their suburban hideaways, in their lairs Vignola says there are 50,000 people with 10 or in New Jersey and Delaware, and from crimi- more · uitJ18id tickets and almOst· a quarter oats' J)enthouses to alley dens throughout million f•lks with 1 to 10 outstanding ~ar Phifadelphia, the scofflaws may be trembling rants. If the tines arid court costs could be eol- · at a new alliance between law enf~cement · lected, there would be a\$20 million bonanza and the computer. _that' would come in handy in days of strai- We say they may be trembling. It has yet to tened public finance. . ' be. established that efficiency and honesty in We do not, however, wish· to see aU motor- '· traffic ticket collection will result in quite the ists terrorized. Until the tide of traffic en- ' measure Philadelphia Traffic Court President .: forcement 'reaches Philadelphia City Hall lim- . Judge Louis J. Vignola ariticipate5 from feed- ousines, the sidewalks around the·30th st. post . . ing the names of tick~t-dodgers to machines. office, and some of the streets of South Phila lt!·has always been astounding that culprits delphia. it can be assumed.that justice is still under any system could pile up hundreds of being tempered with mercy, computers or no tickets without being called to book~ Judge computers. I I l IJes~rters Seek · Carter~: P~irdon With No Strings By Lee Lescaze Waahln1ton Post Staff Writer I TORONTO-..:.Jimmy Carter has ' promised a pardon, the recorded mes" sage at the American exile office here ·tells callers. , , 1 "But here's the catch. The Carter ! pardon ·is ·so far open only to still- ~ wanted araft resisters . . ·. the small est, most middle-class and whitest· group in need of amnesty." ' Deserte.rs, Cartter said, will be han· died "on an individual basis." Veter ans. with less than honorable dis charges, those' who didn't register for the draft and those who have become citizens of' another countrY and find themselves barred from the United States as undesirable aliens would not be affected by a pardon of the scope ' Carter outlined during his campaign. '·· "I came across the. border quite proud and that's the waY I want to go ~ack," said Jack Colhoun, a deserter a¢tive in the exile organization here. "No one supports the war anymore. If the war was wrong, why do you in· sist that I be punished? It was right .not to fight in yietnam. It's as simple as that." · · Carter said last August: "We may not all be able to agree about what was the right course for .the nation to take in 1966. But ~ can now agree to respect those differences and Ito for· get them." In September during his first de bate with President Ford, Carter said of his pardon plan, "I think that now is a time to heal our country &:mer the Vietnam war. But Barry Lynn, an amnesty advo cate who works for the United Church · · of Christ, said, "Carter's going to end up not putting Vietnain behind us as ' he says he wants to do, and he's going to be attacked by the churches and the amnesty groups as well as the American Legion and the Veterans of Foreign Wars." "Why does he want to do something that will satisfy absolutely nobody?" asked Henry Schwarzscllild, former director of the American Civil Liber· ties Union amnesty project. According to Justice Department figures, about 2,600 draft dodg-ers un der indictment, more thari 9,000 who were convicted or pleaded guilty and who now could have their recordsr erased; :and about 1,200 currently un· der investigation would be the only beneficiaries _if Carter sticks to his campaign stand. _ · Pro-amnesty groups estimate there are more tha:n a million who need am· nesty. By far the largest categories are veterans with less than honorable discharges and those who never regis tered for the draft. The latter face very little threat of being discovered and prosecuted while the former, in varying ways, find that their "bad pa pers" blight their lives. No one is sure what Carter intends by saying deserters' cases will be han dled on an individual basis, and it is not clear why he has said he would deny them a pardon. In his Playboy magazine interview, Carter said "somebody who goes into' the military joins a kind of partner ahip ..."He added: "Your life depends· See PARDON, A17, Col. 1 THE NEW REPUBLIC A ]nzmznl of Politics n11d the Arts, Vol. I 75, No. 2b, Issue 3233, Oecwzhcr 25, 7976. Published weckiy frxccpt the i:;sucs of ]nnuary 3, july 10, August 14, August 28) nnd distrilmtrd hy The New Republic, Inc., 7220 19th Stred, N. W. Wnshi1zgton, DC 20036. Phone 331-7494. Si11gle copy, 6M; Yenrl!' su/Jscriptions, $21: foreigll, $24; stude1zts, $14. Snzd nil rcmitfnllccs nnd correspolldt'llce nhout suh;rriptiMrs, zwdrliPercd copies nnd rlumgcs of nddress to Subscription Depnrtmmt, The New Republic, 3 81 West Center Street, Mnrio11, Ohio 43302. Copyright 1976 hy The New Repu/Jlir, l11r. Item g. S('(011d dass postage pnid nt Wnshi11gto11, DC nnd ndditiorznl mniling offices. ltzdexed ill Render's Guide. Contents 3 Comment Amnesty Options Alllnesty 5 White House Watch: Closing In -Jolw Osbome 7 To a Gadfly-J.O. Options 7 Ten Years Out-T D. Allman 11 Col. Qaddafi, Italian Capitalist - -Micharl Ledm1 15 How the Glad Tidings Were Transmitted by our Elders and Betters -Hmry Fo1irlir and Timothy Dickinson 20 Films-Stanley Kauffmann In one of his first official acts as President, Jimmy Carter may offer 21 The Joffrey-Ray Errol Fox his answer to the most vexing remnant of the Indochina war years: 23 Books-Reviews by G/rr~n Gould. Starliey Weintraub. Steve Lawson, what to do about amnesty, or pardon, or clemency. Because of its Jolw Fludo1s timing and complexity, this decision will do at least as much as Carter's 30 ChriS'tmas Quiz cabinet and White House staff selections to set the tone of his 31 The Back of the Book-Roger Rosenblatt presidency. More than any other immediate decision he faces, Carter's 32 Correspondence choice on amnesty is measurable in human terms; unfortunately it has oeen defined aimost entirely as a political issue. An important factor in the success of whatever program the new President advances will be his ability to set aside the most strident political claims and get to the human dimension. • The Staff Supporters of unconditional amnesty for all categories of offenders Editor-Martin Peretz tend to describe every alternative proposal as an invidious com Publisher-Robert j. Myers promise, rhetoric that rekindles the fire of Vietnam. Amnesties, they Acting Managing Editor-Eliot Marshall Literary Editor-Roger Rosenblatt say, have been issued to resisters after every war, and there is ample Senior Editor- john Osborne precedent to go beyond the limited Ford clemency program. At the Politics Editor- Ken Bode same time, they call upon the new President for an across-the-board Assistant to the Edi tors-Gwen Somers program on· grounds of political expedience, arguing that the Films and Theater- ~anley Kauffmann Guest Poetry Editor-Robert FitzgEfrald predictable outcry from the veterans' organizations will be no more Contributing Editors-Robert Brustein, intense if the proclamation is total than if it is built on a legalistic, Robert Coles, Henry Fairlie, joseph Featherstone, Ger.1id W. johnson, procedurally awkward case-by-case review. Besides, some of Nathan Lewin, Roger Morris, Peter j. amnesty's most prominent advocates say, the black and brown Ognibene, john Seelye, Tad Szulc, communities to which Carter is much indebted for his election will not Melville ). Ulmer. MichJel Walzer Production Manager- Elise D . .~itter benefit unless the program is ext.ended beyond draft resisters to Assistant rroduction Manager include deserters and veterans with bad discharges. They are right on Philip Terzi.m the facts; but political debt is a slender reed on which to support an Circulation Manager- Eiizabl'th Sc.1nl.ln O 'Brien argument of principle. Bookkeept•r- Rhonda Davis On the other side, opponents charge that unconditional amnesty Accounting Clerk- would diminish the sacrifices of the 2,500,000 veterans who served in Carolyn C1rpenter Feature Syndicate- Leslie B. Seagrave Vietnam and the families of the soldiers who lost their lives. They Dirt'ctor of Advertising- argue that treating all cases alike would demean the applicants Beth W. 1\;ewburger (:!12) J31 -74Q-t themselves, whose predicaments arise from widely divergent Cl<~ssifil'd Advertising- Barb.u.1 Alb::-rt Rect'ptit>nist- Ruby McGow.m circumstances. They believe there is no need for further action; in the Editori.1l Assist.mts- Mich,1el Douglas, words of a past national commander of the American Legion, Robert P.IUI A. Ll.1rnett E. L. Eaton, "The Ford administration gave those who wanted to every Le,ldership Netwt>rk Advertising Robert F. Sl'mwtt, )r., ·New York opportunity to make their peace and come back home." (212) 532-2500 There is also the fear that leniency toward Vietnam offenders might .· James J. Kilpatrick 'Universal Amnesty' falls ;on fact, law, precedent President Ford is getting "entrapment." It was noth proponents reduce their heaps of advice these days ing of the sort. His program own case to a travesty by to declare a "blanket led to a careful review of equating the principled amnesty" before he leaves 14,500 cases. More liberties. objector, discharged L TH office. The ·advice comes In only 911 cases did the (less than honorable) for from Mrs. Philip Hart, from President's board recom passing out leaflets, with Congressman John Con mend against clemency. the malingering goof-off, yers, and from various ~ The program was at once discharged for refusing to sisters in the press. It is bad humane and fair. While it make his bed. advice and ought to be re was denounced by the an The Constitution makes jected. or-nothing apostles of uni no mention of "amnesty." A The line of argument is to versal amnesty, it was well president's power, at law, is this effect: The United accepted by the thousands to grant "reprieves and States' involvement in Viet who applied and by the pardons." The point has nam was immoral and families and survivors of more than semantic mean wrong. Those who opposed . Vietnam veterans who ing. Pardons go to "of the involvement, and ac obeyed the law. Mr. Ford fenses against the United _ tively resisted such involve has every reason to defend States," and the rule of law ment, were 'therefore moral his record in this regard, teaches us to distinguish and right. To punish per and he has no reason to among offenses - the seri- ~ sons for being moral and apologize for it. ous, the less-serious, the right is unjust. Whatever The case for "universal petty. It is not mere "vin the supposed offenses of the amnesty," in my own view, dictiveness," in Efaw's resisters may have been, falls on three grounds: fact; word, to insist that these these offenses should now law, and precedent. distinctions be retained in a be forgotten by the exten Fritz Efaw, a leading rational pardon program. sion of amnesty to all draft draft resister, quotes the evaders; to non-criminal Democratic platform and The Vietnam war, right deserters, and to an esti asks that amnesty be or · wrong, moral or mated 790,000 persons who granted all those "who are immoral, is not the last war received less than honora ·in legal or financial jeop- we will know. It is not the _ ble discharges over a 16- ardy because of their last war that will be "re year period. By extending peaceful opposition to the sisted." To grant the kind of such amnesty, Mr. Ford Vietnam war." He says sweeping amnesty de would secure a place in there are "more than a mil- manded by the Vietnam of history as statesman and lion" of these, including fenders would set a emancipator. With a stroke "790,000 Vietnam-era veter- precedent fatal to military \ of his pen, Mr. Ford could ans with less-than-honora- discipline and to' future con "'. · heal the last of the wounds ble discharges." But there scription Jaws. Such of Vietnam. is no evidence whatever· to amnesty would amount to - l support the notion that all an invitation to persons sub- What these well-meanirig 790,000 of the "less-than- ject to induction hereafter: petitioners are saying, put honorable" cases were Defy the law. Nothing will } another way, is that Mr. motivated by "peaceful op- happen. Remember Ford should discard his own position to the Vietnam amnesty after Vietnam. principles and put on theirs war." On the contrary, find- President-elect Carter instead. To listen to their ings of the clemency board has promised a new pardon shrill and plaintive argu indicate that this was the plan. To the extent that he ments, you would never least of the motivations. builds upon the Ford pr~ suppose that Mr. Ford had The board's study of those gram and retains distinc lifted a fmger in behalf of who deserted found that tions among principled re Vietnam offenders, or that "less than 5 per cent com- sisters, ordinary deserters, any case whatever could be mitted their AWOL offenses and petty thieves, few per made for his position. because of opposition to the sons will make bitter Thus Mr. Ford's clem war." objections. But "more than ency program is condemned On the issue of motiva- a million" pardons? This out of hand as a "disaster," tion, we simply do not i(now would be, in itself, an or a "fiasco," or as mere what the facts are. The unpardonable act. tt)ti j/], s·t!: r ;j S/11 THE NEW YORK TIMES, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21 , 1977 ' I W"•'~.f"- io' '·.,;. • ,- .. :. , ~ /II ( ,.·}." ' .. :'"'.;.. :,_ ,;: , ··' --:"'" - , 1 , ; • .,.. , ., · ;,;~~:;. ,,,.-,.. ,• ' ... ' .. ..., ''· ~ .,...... i . ,.. , •, .... " \ . Thg;+Facts . Still~ SpeaJi,:· for r'A1Tinesty · "J· .. .., •· 1 ~"-Y'AS Pr~d~nt Ca~er,ls 'advls~r~ , sf:~J:Y ·th~ ~ext · ~d. :w~f ~ in' the com~t ~~e. The' r~~d s ~o~ s only 24 "d~se~ions · ~· · hope, Jinalstep in the matter of tile pardl()n 'for violators fi· to avoiq '' hazardous ·. duty," the kind that · has given · t ~ ot the draft and other military statutes dUring the Viet- · ,.. amnesty such a bad political connotation.. '' · 'l nam War, th,ey will inevita:blycome under heavy pressure · • More than half of all "absence offenders",'ieft be-', j "to· temper mercy with vengefulness. ·. ~he President's ' .. cause of pressing family or personal problems that had pardon thus far cover!! only draft resi\Sters, leaving · Utt!e :to ~o with .their attitude toward the war. Many / lunresolved the fate of qes·erters and ot ·1l'ecipients of, f wer€1 teen-agers who had dropped out of school and 1 1 I l~s-than-honora:ble discharges.· ·· · 1. ' · · ,i found their lives no less troubled in uniform' thap. before. 1 ( , As long as a sizoable body of opini~n still views tl:).e - A.lmost one-third ()'( aU \miiitary· offenders were educa- . \ pardon primarily as .a bonanza foc thOse who deserted . tionally disadvantaged and at the low end of the intelli- \, 1· their brave comrades in anns, Mr. Carter's sensible and gence spectrum. Rejects .air their lives, they now suffer 1 ' compassionate· attempt to close the book on a dismal ·t!he extra stigma of bad discharge. · ' , . , l chapter of American history will be widely misunderstpod • , A surprising number of bad dlscharges-:-about 1 •, and ' Il'l!~repr~~ted. •( •' ·· • " , '·. \, ': • l 50,000-rwe~t ~o veterans who, having actu.ally comp le t~ \ · • · 'Ilhe· s~rest way oo defuse the controversy Is to let full tours In VIetnam, loyally or even hermca.Ily, found 1t · facts retire myths. Essential efforts to rid the !issue of difficult to adjust to Stat~side spit-and-polish garrison . •,. prejudice land misconceptions are given effective support duty. (Most of the less-than·h~nCJrabl e discharge holders · by a detailed study sponsored 1 by the Center far Civil' a.re denied ve~erans' benefi\:S, ~nc ludi ng medical benefits , Rig.Jits· at the University of Notre Dame and supported for injuries suffered-' in Vietnam.) . ' : by the Ford Foundation. The report, entitled "~econcilia- • While much is made of the chaJrge that amnesty is : ti.on After Vietnam: A Program o1' Relief for Vietnam-Erl!. . unfair to those who·iserved and sacrificed, the argum~nt , Draft and Military Offenders," gains a signifdcance from . is severely'\ mdercut ·by the fact that only 10.9 million '· 'the: (fact , that its authors had been deeply finvolved in of the '{ietniun' generation's 26.8 million draft-age men . President Ford's cle~ency progr:am-Lawrence M. Baskir · served In the military. Only 10 percent of the total group . as general counsel 'and. chief executive officer of the ever went to Vietnam. . . 1 1 1 ' : Pr#identla1 Clemency Board, and .William A. Strauss ' '·' . ,.: . , ' • 1'.'as staff directCJr of that body's final ;report. Their experi- All .ef 'this points · to the .nee,d for ·the broadest kind · _· :en~e with'· the Ford AdministratJioq',s well-intentioned , of pardon',' ~eluding the· upgrading of the overwhelming i ;but·wholly inadequate approach should help tile Carter majority of·Iess-than-honorable discharges. Only those ' . ; , te~ to avoid' the pitfalls of limited 'pardo:qs, ; ' I ' ' who -committed serious' felony crrlmes no.rmally punish• 1 1 ;ll J:lere· are some q-f the study's findings: 1 · , . able In civilian courts should ba exempt trom pardon. ll' • Contr~ to. gene~~ " s!Jppositio~ that the Ford pro- .A,ll.fo~er seryicemen should at le~st ha:ve the oppor- 1 fgram ~UU'~ vtolators to earn their way J;aad;. by per- tumty to apply f9r veterans' beneftts. , Vtet~am -re l ated '>· ~· fo~g , alternate: servic~, 20,000 draft evaders ~d 11e- arrest . .recocds ·· of. unconvicted civilians should be de- r : ·setters 1 ~~;c;tually J;eceived ·unc:onditionaJ amne~ty, t wqile stro~ed, ' an~ th~ ;Use of records of thoSie indicted or 1 ' on!y· 2,500, W!!;e 9r are .··~qrnmg" . clemency. . l 1, · convicted . for Vte!inam-velated offenses should be care- ~ l! · • Far·from haying setH~ the bulk of existing, cases, fully restri<;:tec;l. ,· · i ,the'· Ford program .left' 500,000 ' ! Vietnam~era · offenders" The Rev. 1 11hoodore , M, ~esburgh, president of l ~ all categories before President C~rter ann<:>up.ced. his Notre Dame and' a memb~r of President Ford's Clemency ~ first-step pardon, ,limited to, draft -evaders. ' ·· . ' · • Board, wrote in a foreword to "Reconciliation After f ,., , ~ . Assuming that P>resident'Carter's initiaLpardon·e.llp1d- V-ietnam," ~hat after dealing Wlit:h the often heart-rending : ~tes ~tb~ problem1of the d~a'ft-evaders.:-only those guilty cases· and their unjust disposition, he concluded: "Am, : ,of :violent actions were excluded from blanket forgive- nesty became more than a question of how to respond , ness-this .leaves , unresol;ved the fate of the •rel~ tively to people who had strong moral views against the war. , 9tnall number of 3,000 "fugitives'' or deserte~s who never It became a simple matter of equity and justice." , r~joined their units and' of the s.hockoi ng mass of 250,000 It Is to that "simple matter" that President Carter '.'bad dischar~es," including 7,000 who failed to report should now respond with a simple answer-a compre- to :Vietnam and 2,000 who went Absent Without Leave hensive pardon. !: 'U'' . ' \ , . . . , ,_, . PENTAGON ENDS DRIVE : \ON DISCHARGE REVIEW ••- ,J'J ~- ._. _, __..____ _ . ··- . "" No:: More ·Spedal Aid to Upgrade.· ;~:.less-Than-Honorable Status ::1·:-...:; ·•. . ... n ;.WASHINGTON, Oct. 4 (AP) - Th~i Pentagon is ending its six-month cam· palgn to review less than honorable Viet nam-era discharges. After today, there will be no more spe cial toll-free telephone numbers and no more operators standing by in St. Louis to handle the calls. The Pentagon says that some 16,227 .. discharges were upgraded ·through the I end of last week. Army, Navy, Marine and Air Force dis ; . charge review boards still face 8,600 eases pending under the program, an ·.nounced in April as the second part of < President Carter's effort to heal the divi· ' siveesss of the Vietnam War. But beginning tomorrow all discharge reviews "will be processed under normal ··.~. Department of Defense procedures using . . I written application procedures," the -~---. Pentagon said. .. Program Called Success . Despite the small percentage taking ' part, out of almost half a million eligible former servicemen, the Pentagon feels the program has been a success. The possibility of review was open to an estimated 420,000 one-time service· men who received general or dishonora ble discharges between Aug. 4, 1964 and • 1- March 28, 1973. Of them, about 60.000 ·~. ,. decided to call 800-325-4040, where operators were at work near a military records center in Missouri. A Pentagon spokewnan, John Becher, · said yesterday that the Pentagon's most recent figures showed that undesirable • di£charges received by 11,364 Vietnam era veterans had been upgraded to gener al status. He said that 1,682 undesirable discharges had been reclassified as honorable. ,. Mr. Becher also said that 3,181 former ,;· servicemen had had their general dis charges upgraded to honorable. In addition, 1,065 Vietnam-era deserters -out of an estimated 4,560-had in sulred about discharges. Of the to~al, 784 • returned to military control" and re ceived discharges, mostly undesirable, of· fielals said. · ·J Bub for Assessment "We feel the program is a success from the number of undesirables participat" lng," Mr. Becher said, especially because "this is a program whereby the individual had to take the initiative to participate." One of those who decided against tak· lng the initiative was Jack Carter, the, 29-year-old son of the President. The young Mr. Carter received a gener al discharge in late 1970 after he and 53 classmates were caught charges.. 1 . • _ • ...... " . - .._,. -..d ·' I' I '•