Epidendrum- Boring???

Karl Varian July 2018 Reed Stem Hybridization Key Historical Hybrids

Epi. jamiesonis Epi. O’Brienianum Epi. radicans Epi. Orange Glow Epi. Epi. Joseph Lii cinnabarinum Epi. Hokulea Epi. Epi. cinnabarinum cinnabarinum – Reed Stem KRV Database • To understand the general comments that I had heard (‘Boring’, limited FCCs, unknown heritage, etc.), I focused on two key hybridizers • Cal-Orchids (James Rose), 115+ registered hybrids (‘Pacific’ Hybrids) • M. and K. Inamine of Miura Valley (Japan), 160+ registered hybrids (‘Valley’ Hybrids) Epi. Pacific Girl • Total 275+ Epidendrum hybrids (almost 50% ‘Primavera’ AM/AOS all Epidendrum hybrids, 587) Mar 2003, NS 4.4 x 3.8 cm • Of these 275+ hybrids, only 6 have 19 , 5 buds, 1 inflor. unknown heritage at ANY level • 5 are progeny of Epi. Yoko Yokohama, parents unknown • There has been extensive use of what I am calling ‘in-line’ family breeding Epidendrum – Reed Stem KRV Database

• Two basic groupings • Use of 3 , 125+ hybrids • Epi. cinnabarinum • Epi. jamiesonis • Epi. radicans Epi. Candy Valley • Use of 4 species (same as above plus), ‘Ice Candy’ AM/AOS 150+ hybrids May 2015, NS 3.4 x 3.6 cm 38 flowers, 9 buds, 2 inflor. • Epi. secundum Epidendrum – Reed Stem Four Species in heritage

Epi. cinnabarinum Epi. jamiesonis Epi. radicans Epi. secundum 40 flowers per inflor. 40 flowers per inflor. 40 flowers per inflor. 35 flowers per inflor. NS 6.4 cm NS 2.0 cm NS 2.5 cm NS 2.5 cm Canes 1.2 m Canes 0.5 m Canes 0.6 m Canes 0.7 m Inflor. 0.7 m Inflor. 1 m Inflor. 0.3 m Inflor. 0.5 m Warm growing Cold tolerant MANY varieties (dwarf form) Blooms year-round Cold tolerant What to look for in Judging today’s reed stem • Use the General Scale • Along with the basic format considerations: • Full and flat segments • Flat lip • Clear color • size • Also look at (+/- points) • Arrangement, the head of flowers should tend towards a nice round ball • Count of the flowers • Flowers to be touching but the flowers should be visible • The orientation should be consistent

Personal communication Arthur Pinkers Four Most Recent Pacific South Judging Area Awardees

Epi. Pacific Hot Head ‘Cherub’ AM/AOS Nov 2017, NS 4.0 x 4.3 cm (Epi. Pacific Heat x Epi. Pacific Pepper) 83 pts. Epi. Pacific Trek ‘Cantelope’ AM/AOS Jul 2017, NS 4.7 x 4.8 cm (Epi. Pacific Padre x Epi. Pacific Crest) 85 pts. Epi. Pacific Islander ‘Mango’ AM/AOS Jul 2017, NS 4.4 x 5.0 cm (Epi. Pacific Peacock x Epi. Pacific Redhots) 80 pts. Epi. Pacific Beauty ‘Arnilicious’ AM/AOS Jun 2015, NS 4.1 x 4.4 cm (Epi. Pacific Mulberry x Epi. Pacific Conquistador) 81 pts. Why has there never been an FCC/AOS awarded to a ‘modern’ reed-stem Epidendrum?

One FCC/AOS to a reed stem Epidendrum: Epi. Hokulea ‘Mackie’ FCC/AOS Mar. 2000, NS 4.5 x 5.2 cm No picture ‘Sixty-five flowers and 17 buds blooming symmetrically on one ; flowers blooming in one massive head forming a perfect ball of flowers; flowers large and iridescent red-orange; lip fimbriated, yellow with deep red spots on side and inside half of lip; judges felt that this clone has the largest head of flowers seen to date of Epi. Hokulea.’

Personal comment: To be considered for an FCC/AOS, beside outstanding form and color, a flower / may need a ‘WOW’ factor to set it apart from prior awardees. Select Epidendrum Species

Species marked with a * are used the most in hybridization Progeny AOS Awards Kew Name Group Subgroup Habitat, Country Temp Season F1/Total FCC AM HCC JC AD AQ CCE CCM CHM CBR Total Epidendrum Oerstedella Centropetalum Mexico to Panama Warm Winter 0/0 1 2 7 10 centropetalum Mexico to Peru, Cool to Epidendrum ciliare Yearround 53/54 3 7 6 2 3 24 45 Antillies Warm Epidendrum Cool to Brazil, Venezuela Summer 48/413 1 1 cinnabarinum* Warm Cool to Epidendrum cristatum Cristatum Cristatum Mexico to Peru Summer 7/7 4 3 1 1 5 1 15 Warm Epidendrum ilense Jatunsachuanum Ecuador Warm Yearround 29/33 1 1 2 Epidendrum Cold to Winter- Secundum Elongatum Ecuador 6/421 0 jamiesonis Cool Spring Epidendrum North Carolina to Cool to Summer- Magnoliae Magnoliae 54/59 4 4 magnoliae Mexico Warm Fall Cool to Epidendrum medusae Nanodes Ecuador Summer 3/3 2 3 1 7 1 14 Warm Epidendrum Cool to Winter- Coilostylis Mexico to Panama 17/17 2 6 2 3 15 2 30 parkinsonianum Warm Summer Epidendrum Mexico to Peru, Cool to Porpax Fall 1/1 1 1 2 peperomia Brazil Warm Mexico to Cool to Epidendrum porpax Porpax Fall-Winter 8/8 1 1 1 2 14 1 1 21 Venezuela Warm Epidendrum Costa Rica to Warm to Pseudepidendrum Spring 56/115 7 4 1 12 pseudepidendrum Panama Hot Mexico to Cool to Winter- * Secundum Calanthum 50/463 1 1 2 Colombia, Cuba Warm Spring Epidendrum Bolivia-Guyana, Cool to Secundum Secundum Yearround 24/172 2 2 1 5 secundum Antilles, Brazil Warm Epidendrum Winter- Psilanthemum Mexico to Colombia Warm 54/63 18 10 4 1 19 2 3 57 stamfordianum Spring Only 84 of the 1643 (5%) known species used in hybridization Epidendrum species AM awardees 2017 - today

Epi. sobralioides Epi. laucheanum ‘Rodrigo Castillo’ AM/AOS ‘Alisant’ AM/AOS Jan 2018, NS 6.0 x 4.8 cm Aug 2017, NS 1.4 x 1.4 cm

Epi. melanoporphyreum Epi. wallisii ‘Hangry Birds’ AM/AOS ‘Cali Bianchi-1711’ AM/AOS Jul 2017, NS 4.0 x 3.6 cm Nov 2017, NS 3.5 x 3.5 cm

Epi. melanoporphyreum Epi. wallisii ‘Diamond Orchids’ AM/AOS ‘Francini Camila’ AM/AOS Mar 2017, NS 2.5 x 2.9 cm Mar 2017, NS 3.1 x 3.9 cm

Epi. peperomia ‘Natural World’ AM/AOS Oct 2017, NS 2.8 x 3.6 cm Back-up Epidendrum – General

• • 1643 species • 9 natural hybrids • Hybridization • 568 Epidendrum hybrids • 131 Primary hybrids (23.1%) • 459 intergeneric hybrids • 1027 hybrids • Cultural • Mostly sympodial epiphytes, but also includes terrestrials and uncommon lithophytes • Found in wet to dry, low to mid elevations • Wide range of habitats but always with very good drainage. • Exclusively New World, temperate and tropical • North Carolina to Northern Epidendrum – General, cont’d • Flowers vary from excessively small (?Epi. quacamayense, NS 2 mm) to quite large (?Epi. nocturnum, NS 16.2 cm) • Distinctive characteristics • Slit rostellum • Semiliquid viscidium produced • Most species have • Lip united to the , for forming a nectary tube that penetrates the • Four pollinia • The genus Epidendrum was used by early botanist and writers to place and describe many of the new world epiphyte type . • Eric Hagsater and et.al. have taxomony divided the genus Epidendrum into around 100 groups and subgroups. These groups are provisional and have not been formally described as yet • Focus • Initially look into the classic reed stem Epidendrums • Select F1 (species x species) hybridization Reed Stem Hybridization Key Primary Hybrids – Epi. O’Brienianum

Epi. jamiesonis • 1888 by Harry Veitch • 37 F1 and 417 total progeny • No awards • Has recently gained some notoriety as it has been listed as a nuisance plant, bordering on noxious weed status in N. Australia and Hawaii because, after extensive landscape use, it has actually naturalized to the extent of being invasive! Epi. radicans Reed Stem Hybridization Key Hybrids – Epi. Orange Glow

• 1953, Ernest Iwanaga of Hawaii • 21 F1 and 368 total progeny • No awards • Plus • Increased flower size • More upright growing habit • Negatives • Canes up to four feet tall • Cannot take cooler temperatures • Comments Epi. Orange Glow • Generate an Hawaiian ‘industry’ as garden (Epi. O’brienianum x Epi. cinnabarinum plants • Crosses were made but did not carry registered names • Two key crosses for today’s reed stem Epidendrum crosses were registered Reed Stem Hybridization Key Hybrids – Epi. Joseph Lii

• 1983, Richella • 16 F1 and 349 total progeny • 8 AOS awards (4 AMs, 3 HCCs, 1 CCM)

Epi. Joseph Lii ‘Ruby’ AM/AOS Mar 2006, NS 4.8 x 4.7 cm (Epi. Orange Glow x Epi. cinnabarinum) Reed Stem Hybridization Key Hybrids – Epi. Hokulea

• 1986 by Puanani • 26 F1 and 59 total progeny • 18 AOS awards (1 FCC, 8 AMs, 5 HCCs, 4 CCMs) • No photo of Epi. Hokulea ‘Mackie’ FCC/AOS, Mar 2000, NS 4.5 x 5.2 cm.

Epi. Hokulea ‘Super Red’ AM/AOS Apr 2004, NS 4.4 x 4.7 cm (Epi. Joseph Lii x Epi. cinnabarinum Reed Stem Hybridization Key Primary Hybrid, Epi. Princess Valley

Epi. Princess Valley ‘Nathan Kwar’ HCC/AOS Mar 2009, NS 3.5 x 3.6 cm

Epi. secundum

• 1994, M. Inamine • 11 F1 and 46 total progeny • 2 HCC/AOS awards Epi. radicans Epidendrum – Reed Stem Three/Four Species Heritage Percentage Distribution

35 Three Species 30 124 crosses 25

20

15

10

5

0

25 Epi. cinnabarinum Four Species 20 40 flowers per inflor. 131 crosses NS 6.4 cm 15

Canes 1.2 m 10 Inflor. 0.7 m 5

0 Epidendrum – Reed Stem Four Species in heritage

60 Three Species

50 124 crosses

40

30

20

10

0

Epi. jamiesonis 70 Four Species 40 flowers per inflor. 60 131 crosses NS 2.0 cm 50 Canes 0.5 m 40 Inflor. 1 m 30 20

10

0 Epidendrum – Reed Stem Four Species in heritage

30 Three Species

25 124 crosses

20

15

10

5

0

Epi. radicans 30 Four Species 131 crosses 40 flowers per inflor. 25

NS 2.5 cm 20

Canes 0.6 m 15 Inflor. 0.3 m 10 Cold tolerant 5

0 Epidendrum – Reed Stem Four Species in heritage

35

Epi. secundum 30 Four Species 131 crosses 35 flowers per inflor. 25

NS 2.5 cm 20

Canes 0.7 m 15

Inflor. 0.5 m 10

MANY varieties 5

(dwarf form) 0 Blooms year-round Cold tolerant Three of the Four species from the same Group ( the exception) • Group Secundum: Characterized by the caespitose (Growing in small dense clumps or tufts) habit, the numerous coriaceous (Leathery in texture; thick and tough) leaves, the generally elongate peduncle(Stalk of a flower-cluster) to pluriracemose (many branched) inflorescence with brightly colored flowers generally pollinated by hummingbirds, with the caudicles of the pollinarium granulose (Composed of or appearing as if covered by minute grains), and the tetrads (group of four) appearing like a loose stack of roof tiles. There are three subgroups: • Calanthum – Characterized by the bicallose with a central, narrow, long, wavy keel, the column is apically high and the anther is generally decumbent (reclining but with the growing end upright) • Elongatum – Characterized by the complicated, tuberculose (‘warts) callus on the lip, with a low column, with an incumbent anther. • Secundum (Calanthum) – No description Group Secundum, SubGroup Calanthum 1. Epidendrum apatotylosum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 2. Epidendrum baumannianum (1 offs., 0 Awds.) 3. Epidendrum calanthum (7 offs., 5 Awds.) 4. Epidendrum flexuosum (10 offs., 3 Awds.) 5. Epidendrum haematanthum (11 offs., 0 Awds.) 2 6. Epidendrum hawkesii (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 7. (45 offs., 5 Awds.) 12 8. Epidendrum mimopsis (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 9. Epidendrum odontopetalum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 10. Epidendrum persimile (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 11. Epidendrum radicans (463 offs., 3 Awds.) 12. Epidendrum revertianum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 13. Epidendrum rubroticum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 4

6 8 10 Group Secundum, SubGroup Elongatum 1. Epidendrum acroscopeum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 2. Epidendrum arachnoglossum (21 offs., 0 Awds.) 3. Epidendrum aromoense (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 4. Epidendrum aura-usecheae (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 5. Epidendrum brachycorymbosum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 2 6. Epidendrum catillus (3 offs., 1 Awds.) 7. Epidendrum coroicoense (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 8. Epidendrum corymbosum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 19 9. Epidendrum elongatum (syn Epi. secundum) 16 10. Epidendrum igneum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 11. Epidendrum imperator (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 12. Epidendrum jamiesonis (421 offs., 0 Awds.) 13. Epidendrum ptochicum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 4 14. Epidendrum quinquecallosum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 18 15. Epidendrum quitensium (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 16. Epidendrum reflexilobum (Epi. tricarinatum, 0 offs., 0 Awds.) 17. Epidendrum susannae (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 18. Epidendrum tulcanense (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 19. Epidendrum vinosum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 14

6 8 10 12 Group Secundum, SubGroup Secundum [Calanthum] 1. Epidendrum ackermanii (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 2. Epidendrum azulense (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 3. Epi. caquetanum (0 offs., 0 Awds., no photo) 4. Epidendrum cochlidium (1 offs., 1 Awds.) 5. (2 offs., 0 Awds.) 6. Epidendrum franckei (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 7. Epidendrum gracilicaule (syn Epi. secundum) 2 8. Epidendrum lacerum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 10 9. Epidendrum laurelense (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 10. Epidendrum macrocarpum (7 offs., 3 Awds.) 11. Epi. macrocyphum (0 offs., 0 Awds., no photo) 12. Epidendrum magalhaesii (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 13. Epidendrum melinanthum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 14. Epi. mimeticum (0 offs., 0 Awds., no photo) 4 15. Epidendrum mimopsis (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 16. Epidendrum portokalium (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 28 17. Epidendrum ptochicum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 18. Epidendrum rauhii (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 27 12 19. Epidendrum schistochilum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 20. Epi. schomburgkii (syn. Epi. macrocarpum) 13 21. (172 offs., 9 Awds.) 22. Epidendrum splendens (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 23. Epidendrum sterrophyllum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 24. Epidendrum thermophilum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 25. Epi. tricarinatum (0 offs., 0 Awds., no photo) 26. Epi. vinosum (0 offs., 0 Awds., no photo) 27. Epidendrum wrightii (2 offs., 2 Awds.) 24 6 28. Epidendrum xanthinum (11 offs., 1 Awds.) 15 29. Epidendrum xytriophorum (0 offs., 0 Awds.) 16 19 8

18 21 22 Epi. Jubilee (Epi. melanoporphyreum x Epi. capricornu) • Register 1999, J & L Orchids • No progeny • 2 AOS Awards (1 AM, 1 HCC) Epi. melanoporphyreum

‘J & L’ AM/AOS Mar 2008, NS 2.1 x 3.5 cm 131 flowers, 1 inflor. Epi. capricornu Epi. Yellow Capri (Epi. pseudepidendrum x Epi. capricornu) • Register 1996, K. Arai • 1 F1 progeny • 3 AOS Awards (1 AM, 2 HCCs)

Epi. pseudepidendrum

‘Cricket’ AM/AOS Oct 2008, NS 3.6 x 3.3 cm 216 flowers, 21 buds, 10 inflor. Epi. capricornu Epi. Butterpatty (Epi. pseudepidendrum x Epi. paniculatum) • Register 1970, Thomdel Coll. • 3 F1 progeny • 3 AOS Awards (1 AM, 2 HCCs)

Epi. pseudepidendrum

‘T. C.’ AM/AOS Mar 2016, NS 5.5 x 6.2 cm 37 flowers & 28 buds, 3 branched infl. Epi. paniculatum Epi. Plastic Doll (Epi. pseudepidendrum x Epi. ilense) • Register 1989, T. Matsuda • 3 F1 progeny • 2 AM/AOS Awards Epi. pseudepidendrum

‘Lil’ AM/AOS Oct 1989, NS 3.9 x 4.3 cm 19 flowers, 6 buds, 6 inflor. Epi. ilense Epi. Susquehanna (Epi. pseudepidendrum x Epi. pseudowallisii) • Register 1969, W. W. Wilson • No progeny • 3 AOS Awards (1 AM, 2 HCCs)

Epi. pseudepidendrum

‘Bronwyn Arp’ AM/AOS Apr 1990, NS 5.0 cm 27 flowers, 8 buds, 2 inflor. Epi. pseudowallisii Epi. Costa Rica (Epi. schumannianum x Epi. pseudowallisii) • Register 1968, W. W. G. Moir • 13 F1 and 14 total progeny • 2 AOS Awards (1 AM, 1 CCM)

Epi. schumanniana

(photo NOT of awarded clone) ‘J & L’ AM/AOS Feb 1969, NS 3.0 cm Epi. pseudowallisii 36 flowers, 1 inflor. Epi. Saranac Lake (Epi. chlorops x Epi. cnemidophorum) • Register 2009, Woodstream • No progeny • 1 HCC/AOS Award Epi. chlorops

‘Douglaston Reserve’ HCC/AOS Feb 2012, NS 3.4 x 3.2 cm 47 flowers, 44 buds, 6 inflor. Epi. cnemidophorum Epi. Beppy Gouda (Epi. Casuka) (Epi. cnemidophorum x Epi. cristatum) • Register 1978, C. Withner 2015, M. Asuka (Epi. pfavii x Epi. raniferum) • No progeny • 2 HCC/AOS Awards + 1 CCM/AOS Epi. cnemidophorum

‘Elegance’ HCC/AOS Jul 2012, NS 4.4 x 4.3 cm 12 flowers, 7 buds, 2 inflor. Epi. cristatum Epi. Annelie Wans (Epi. ilense x Epi. stamfordianum) • Register 1992, H. Vissers • No progeny • 7 AOS Awards (3 AMs, 4 HCCs)

Epi. ilense

‘Westfield’ AM/AOS Apr 2002, NS 4.0 x 5.6 cm 5 flowers on one inflorescence Epi. stamfordianum Epi. Islander’s Delight (Epi. veroscriptum x Epi. ilense) • Register 2013, J. Izquierdo • No progeny • 1 AM/AOS Award

Epi. veroscriptum

“Norma’s Joy” AM/AOS Mar 2013, NS 2.6 x 3.1 cm 17 flowers, 22 buds, 1 inflor. Epi. ilense Epi. Little Miss Sunshine (Epi. xanthinum x Epi. magnoliae) • Register 2009, Woodstream • No progeny • 1 AM/AOS Award Epi. xanthinum

‘Maureen Wood’ AM/AOS Mar 2012, NS 2.3 x 2.1 cm 59 flowers, 11 buds, 3 inflor. Epi. magnoliae