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Deoni Cattle Breed of India. a Study on Population Dynamics and Morphometric Characteristics

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Deoni Cattle Breed of India. a Study on Population Dynamics and Morphometric Characteristics 35 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Deoni cattle breed of India. A study on population dynamics and morphometric characteristics G. Singh, G.K. Gaur, A.E. Nivsarkar, G.R. Patil & K.R. Mitkari National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Post Box No. 129, G. T. Road Bypass, Karnal 132 001 Haryana, India Summary their first estrus at the average age of 36 months. Average age at first calving was Deoni is an important dual-purpose breed of 46 months. Service period and inter-calving cattle in Maharashtra. These animals are period averaged 170 and 447 days. The mainly found in the Latur district and the selected bulls started breeding at the age of adjoining area of Prabhani, Nanded and 30 months. Calf and adult mortality was Osmanabad districts of the Marathwada found to be negligible and the breed was region of Maharashtra. From 1996 to 1999, a found to be hardy and well adapted to systematic survey was conducted in 13 strata tropical draught prone areas. The declining involving 69 villages to determine geographic trend of the Deoni cattle breed calls for distribution, establish breed characteristics, immediate steps to control the reasons. determine socioeconomic status and existing Regarding conservation and improvement, management practices as well as to estimate both models need to be implemented the approximate population of Deoni cattle in effectively to make the programme its breeding tract. The total number of successful. households enumerated was 9 132. The average herd size was 2.5 animals with a Resumen range of 1 to 16. About 30 percent of farmers were found rearing Deoni cattle. The total La Deoni es una raza vacuna de doble population of the Deoni in the entire breeding propósito originaria de Maharashtra. Estos tract was estimated at 118 945. A decrease in animales se encuentran principalmente en el Deoni cattle population (8.78 percent) was distrito de Latur y las zonas vecinas de also noticed from August 1996 to August Praghani, Nanded y Osmanabad, en el 1998. distrito Marathwada de en la región de Deoni is a medium heavy animal. It is Maharashtra. Entre 1996 y 1999 se llevó a found in three-colour variations viz. cabo una encuesta sistemática en 13 zonas Wannera, Balankya and Shevera. The body is que comprendían 69 poblados con el fin de moderately developed and symmetrical with determinar la distribución geográfica, distinct muscles. Horn length, ear length, establecer las características de la raza, head length, chest girth, body length and determinar el estatus socioeconómico y las height averaged 17.61, 26.18, 49.82, 151.82, prácticas de conducta existentes, así como 120.11 and 122.22 cm in adult cows and 19.97, hacer una estimación de la población 26.67, 53.68, 163.55, 129.59 and 134.36 cm in aproximada existente de la raza Deoni en su bullocks. Lactation milk yield averaged habitat. El total de familias propietarias fue de 868 litres. The average fat content in the milk 9 132, y la media de animales por familia de of Deoni cows was 4.3 percent. Cows showed 2,5, con un espectro de 1 a 16. Alrededor del ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ AGRI 2002, 32: 35-43 Deoni cattle breed of India 36 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Figure 1. A Deoni cow. 30% de los agricultores resultó ser criados de raza se presenta fuerte y bien adaptada a las la raza Deoni. La población total de Deoni en zonas secas tropicales. El declive de la raza la zona originaria fue establecida en 118 945, y Deoni ha provocado una serie de medidas se observó una diminución de la raza del inmediatas para averiguar los motivos. En 8,78% entre agosto 1996 y agosto 1998. cuanto a la conservación y la mejora ambos Se trata de una raza de peso medio que se modelos necesitán ser mejorados para subdivide según una variación de tres colores: conseguir un programa de éxito. Wannera, Balankya y Shevera. El cuerpo se presenta bastante desarrollado y simétrico Keywords: Distribution, Characteristics, con músculos visibles. La longitud de los Population dynamics, Management practices. cuernos, orejas, cabeza, circunferencia torácica, longitud del cuerpo y altura media Introduction son respectivamente de 17,61; 26,18; 49,82; 151,82; 120,11; y 122,22 cm en los animales Deoni is an important dual-purpose cattle adultos y de 19,97; 26,67; 53,68; 163,55; 129,59; breed of Maharashtra. These animals are y 134,36 cm en los novillos. El rendimiento mainly found in the Latur district and the medio por lactación es de 868 litros. El adjoining area of Parbhani, Nanded and contenido medio en grasa en la leche de la Osmanabad districts of the Marathwada raza Deoni es de 4,3%. Las hembras presentan region of Maharashtra. The name of the breed el primer estro hacia la edad de 36 meses, y la is derived from Deoni Taluk of the Latur media de edad al primer parto es de 46 district. The breed is also known as Surti, meses. El periodo de monta y el intervalo Dongarpati and Dongri. It is found in three entre partos es de 170 y 447 días. Los machos colour variations viz. Wannera (clear white seleccionados se utilizan en reproducción a with black colour at the sides of the face), partir de los 30 meses. Se consideró que la Balankya (clear white with black spots on the mortalidad de crías y adultos no lower side of the body) and Shevera (white representaban un dato importante ya que la ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Singh et al. 37 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ body with irregular black spots). Deoni cattle year except for some winter months. The are hardy and well adapted to their breeding average temperature varies from 9 to 44°C tract constituting an important cattle genetic and the average relative humidity from 40 to resource of Maharashtra. 54 percent. The tract receives maximum rains Present status of a livestock breed in terms during June to September. The mean annual of population size and the breed rainfall varies from 750 to 990 mm. characteristics is essential to formulate the A total of 10 strata from the Latur district conservation and improvement strategies for and one stratum each from the Parbhani, the breed. A systematic survey was, therefore, Nanded and Osmanabad districts of undertaken to determine geographic Maharashtra State (India) were selected for distribution, establish breed characteristics, the survey of Deoni cattle. From each stratum determine socioeconomic status and existing five to six villages were further randomly management practices and to estimate the selected. Thus, the total survey was approximate population of Deoni cattle in its conducted in 13 strata involving 69 villages. breeding tract during the period 1996 to 1999. Information on geographical distribution of breed, socioeconomic status of the farmers, Materials and methods category wise enumeration of the population (calves, young stock, milking females, dry The Deoni breeding tract with a total area of females, working males and bulls), feeding about 11 240 km² is located approximately and management practices followed and between 17° 35’ and 20° 05’N and between disease aspects were collected. 75° 16’ and 78° 15’E. The elevation of the Morphological, conformational as well as breeding tract ranges from 409 to 455 m above production and reproduction characteristics mean sea level. The climate of the Deoni of Deoni cattle were recorded for phenotypic breeding tract is generally hot throughout the characterization of Deoni breed. Figure 2. A Deoni bull. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Animal Genetic Resources Information, No. 32, 2002 38 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Table 1. Body measurements + SE of different category of Deoni cattle. S. N. Category Records Horn length Ear length Head length Chest girth Body length Height at (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) wither (cm) 1. Calves 188 -- 17.34±0.52 27.22±0.83 78.82±2.19 68.18±1.43 76.42±1.32 (0-3 months) 2. Calves 246 -- 19.57±0.60 31.88±1.20 94.56±3.85 78.45±1.86 86.45±1.87 (4-6 months) Deoni cattle breed ofIndia Deoni cattlebreed 3. Calves 288 -- 21.54±0.48 36.39±1.03 107.01±3.26 87.93±1.98 93.78±2.20 (7-9 months) 4. Calves 317 0.95±0.38 23.06±0.46 38.86±1.03 114.53±3.31 93.30±2.34 98.51±3.46 (10-12 months) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 5. Calves 373 2.39±0.35 24.58±0.34 41.94±1.09 124.97±2.73 101.56±1.50 107.94±2.32 (13-18 months) 6. Calves 354 3.76±0.46 25.39±0.43 44.73±1.06 129.73±5.31 103.52±2.59 112.50±2.23 (19-24 months) 7. Calves 368 6.16±0.74 27.52±0.35 48.01±0.93 144.83±2.81 116.43±2.06 122.06±2.39 (> 24 months) 8. Bulls 52 7.19±1.29 25.48±1.30 54.87±7.10 173.61±6.08 135.13±7.60 139.55±6.25 9. Bullocks 731 19.97±0.92 26.67±0.34 53.68±0.83 163.55±1.55 129.59±2.28 134.36±2.03 10. Cows 1007 17.61±0.74 26.18±0.52 49.82±0.91 151.82±1.92 120.11±2.16 122.22±1.23 Singh et al. 39 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Figure 3. A Deoni cow with a calf. Seventy animals from each village and Results and Discussion 350 from each stratum were taken for the study. Physical measurements of the calves General observations were recorded every month up to one year. Young stock was physically measured once in The total number of households enumerated six months.
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