Mary Baldwin University Academic Resource Center
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MLA Workshop! Mary Baldwin University Academic Resource Center Created by Alyse Hartman Table of Contents: Formatting Your Paper Creating Works Cited Citations Creating In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations Formatting Quotations Abbreviations Tables and Figures Additional Resources Formatting Your Paper: General Rules ● Times New Roman, font size 12 point, double spaced ● NO TITLE PAGE ● 1 inch margins, standard 8.5 x 11 inch paper ● Header in the top right corner with consecutive page numbers ● Use italics for the titles of longer works Formatting Your Paper: First Page Note: Name DO NOT italicize, underline, or place your title in quotation marks. Only use quotation marks or italics Professor when referring to another’s published work (not your paper essay title!) Class Write your title in Title Case (standard capitalization) Day Month Year Title Essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay essay... Formatting Your Paper: Header ● Top right corner ● 2 spaces down, single spaced ● Last Name page number ● NO comma between last name and page number ] two single-spaced ] spaces Hartman 1 Formatting Your Paper: First Page Example Formatting Your Paper: Works Cited Page Rules for Works Cited page: ● This will be the last page of your paper ● Start on a brand new page ● The first line will be centered and labelled: Works Cited or Work Cited ○ Do not underline, bold, or italicize ○ Use Works Cited if you have multiple sources, use Work Cited if you only have one source. ● If a source has three or more authors, only the first one shown in the source is given. It is followed by et al. ● For each citation, the first line is not indented. The remainder of the lines are indented ½”. This is called a hanging indent. ● Order your citations ALPHABETICALLY Formatting YOUR Paper: Works Cited Page Example If you don’t know an element, or if your source Creating Works Cited Citations does not have an element, just skip it and continue the order unless otherwise specified! Citation elements should be written in the 4. Other contributors, ● Editors, illustrators, translators, etc. following order: ● Do not abbreviate 1. Author’s Last name, Rest of the name. 5. Version, 2. Title of source in italics or quotation marks ● If there is an edition or version of the work ● Websites and books should be in italics 6. Number, ● Periodicals (journals, magazines, newspapers) ● If there is an issue number and songs or music should be in quotation 7. Publisher, marks. ● If there is more than one publisher, list them 3. Title of container, separated by a forward slash / ● This is new in MLA! Containers are the larger 8. Publication date, wholes in which the source is located. For ● If there is more than one date, use the date that is example, the title of the source may be a blog most relevant to your use of it, or the earliest title and the container is the website name. The publication date title of the source may be a poem, and the 9. Location, container is the collection of poems of which it is ● Page numbers, URL address from. The title of the source may be a tv episode, 10. Optional elements. and the container is the series. ● City of publication, date of access, URLs, DOIs, etc. More on Works Cited Citations Author. Title of source. Title of container, Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication date, Location, Optional elements. “94 Meetings.” Parks and Recreation, created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur, performance by Amy Poehler, season 2, episode 21, Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, 2010. Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, vol. 15, no. 1, 1996, pp. 41-50. Alonso, Alvaro, and Julio A. Camargo. "Toxicity of Nitrite to Three Species of Freshwater Invertebrates." Environmental Toxicology, vol. 21, no. 1, 3 Feb. 2006, pp. 90-94. Wiley Online Library, doi: 10.1002/tox.20155. And Still More on Works Cited Citations! Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. A book listing an author named "John Bigbrain, PhD" appears simply as "Bigbrain, John"; do, however, include suffixes like "Jr." or "II." Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as "King, Martin Luther, Jr." Here the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma. NOTE: Delete “http://” from URLs. NOTE: always end your citation with a period. NOTE: include a location with a website source. If you cite a scholarly research article, include a doi. Creating In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations What is a parenthetical citation? Referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. ● The parenthetical citations will depend on and correspond to the citations on your Works Cited page. ● The parenthetical citation must be the first signal word/phrase that appears on the left- hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited list. ● Do not separate the parts of your parenthetical citation with a comma unless specified. ● If you stated the name of your signal word/phrase in your sentence already, you do not need to include it in your parenthetical citation ● Unless you are doing a block quote, punctuation occurs AFTER the parenthetical citation ● Only include the last names of authors This is the signal word/phrase in the Works Cited citation. “94 Meetings.” Parks and Recreation, created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur, performance by Amy Poehler, season 2, episode 21, Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, 2010. Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, vol. 15, no. 1, 1996, pp. 41- 50. Franck, Caroline, et al. “Agricultural Subsidies and the American Obesity Epidemic.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine, vol. 45, no. 3, Sept. 2013, pp. 327-333. In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations Author-Page Style: (Author page). Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). Citation: Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967. In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations Unknown Author: (First signal word/phrase page number) We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . ." ("Impact of Global Warming"). In this case, the first signal word/phrase is the title! You can remove the period from the inside of the parenthetical citation, but keep the quotation marks! Citation: "The Impact of Global Warming in North America." Global Warming: Early Signs. 1999. http://www.climatehotmap.org/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2009. In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations Page numbers are always Author-page citation for classic and literary works with multiple editions: required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may (page number; version). have a different edition of a classic work like Marx and Engels's The Communist Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class struggles (79; ch. 1). Manifesto. In such cases, give the page number of Citing authors with same last names your edition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course) (First initial. Last name page number) followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. abbreviations for volume (vol.), book (bk.), part (pt.), Miller 12), other scientists note that the advantages for medical research outweigh chapter (ch.), section (sec.), or paragraph (par.). this consideration (A. Miller 46). In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations Citing a work by two authors: (Last name and Last name page number) Best and Marcus argue that one should read a text for what it says on its surface, rather than looking for some hidden meaning (9). The authors claim that surface reading looks at what is “evident, perceptible, apprehensible in texts” (Best and Marcus 9). Citing a work by 3 or more authors: (Last name et al. page number) According to Franck et al., “Current agricultural policies in the U.S. are contributing to the poor health of Americans” (327). The authors claim that one cause of obesity in the United States is government-funded farm subsidies (Franck et al. 327). Citations: Best, David, and Sharon Marcus. “Surface Reading: An Introduction.” Representations, vol. 108, no. 1, Fall 2009, pp. 1-21. JSTOR, doi:10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.1 Franck, Caroline, et al. “Agricultural Subsidies and the American Obesity Epidemic.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine, vol. 45, no. 3, Sept. 2013, pp. 327-333. Include a In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations shortened title for the particular work Citing two works by the same author: (Title page number) from which you are quoting to Citing two articles by the same author: distinguish it from Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" the others. 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does Book titles in lead to better small motor skill development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye italics, article titles Development" 17). in quotes! Citing two books by the same author: Murray states that writing is "a process" that "varies with our thinking style" (Write to Learn 6).