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John Thelwall: Romantick and Revolutionist Vernon Owen Grumbling

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John Thelwall: Romantick and Revolutionist Vernon Owen Grumbling University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 1977 JOHN THELWALL: ROMANTICK AND REVOLUTIONIST VERNON OWEN GRUMBLING Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation GRUMBLING, VERNON OWEN, "JOHN THELWALL: ROMANTICK AND REVOLUTIONIST" (1977). Doctoral Dissertations. 1178. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1178 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. 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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 7814389 GRUMBLING, VERNON OWEN JOHN t h e l w a l l i Rq m a n t x c k and revolutionist # j, IIUTUSSSTUNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE# PH.D., 1977 University M icrofilm s International 3 0 0 n . zt e a r o a d , a n n arbor, mi 4 8 io e ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 1977 Vernon Owen Grumbling Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. JOHN THELWALL: ROMANTICK AND REVOLUTIONIST by I! VERNON OWEN GRUMBLING P | B.A., Saint Vincent Cbllege, 1970 ^ M.A., Northeastern University, 1972 I A THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of English December, 1977 I Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the trustees of the Pierpont Morgan Library and the trustees of Harvard University's Houghton Library, who have graciously permitted me to quote manuscript letters of John Thelwall. For invaluable assistance in the preparation of this manu­ script I am indebted to Mrs. Norma Stotz, Miss Kathy Delllsola, the staff of McIntosh College, Mrs. Mary Dargon, Mr. James Harrison, and my wife, Audrey. I wish to acknowledge my appreciation of the generous University Fellowship awarded to me by the Graduate School of the Univer­ sity of New Hampshire. Special thanks go to the members of my Disserta­ tion Committee: Professors Edmund Miller, Michael DePorte, Marc Schwarz, and Richard Desrosiers, who have offered useful criticism. Finally, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Carl Dawson, whose scholarship, patience, and cheerfulness have guided and inspired me. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT JOHN THELWALL: RQMANTICK AND REVOLUTIONIST by VERNON OVEN GRUMBLING John Thelwall: Romantick and Revolutionist deals with the po­ litical activity and the major writings of the English democrat, John Thelwall (1764-1834), during the 1790's. Thelwall was politician, so­ cial critic, novelist, and poet; and he became a friend of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Chapter j presents the story of Thelwall1s political activity. When the movement for a democratic reform of Parliament revived in the early nineties, Thelwall gradually became involved. He linked the "genteel" reformers of the early eighties with the working people who increasingly filled the ranks of the reform movement in the nineties. In 1794 he was arrested and tried for high treason, but was acquitted. Throughout his political career Thelwall advocated parliamentary rep­ resentation based on what would now be called the principle of "one man, one vote." Hie radical criticism of English society that Thelwall presented in his London lectures is the topic of chapter ii. Because Thelwall had been a Tory prior to 1790, he emphasized respect for certain traditional styles of life, especially rural life, and he emphasized the need for stable, benevolent social relations. Because iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. | he assumed that property is the result of labor, he viewed economic I society with a radical democratic bias. 1 Thelwall presented much of his social program in a novel called i The Peripatetic, or Sketches of the Heart, of Nature and Society (1793), ! the topic of chapter iii. The Peripatetic is both sentimental and dl­ l ' I; dactic. The hero is a "man of feeling" whose walking tours in the com- I-; pany of "philosophizing" friends give the novel its structure, and ex- plain its title, an allusion to Aristotle's Peripatetic School. The hero believes that intimacy with the natural world leads to social j; benevolence and democratic mutual respect. Thus Thelwall combines the novel of sensibility with the "revolutionary novel" of the 1790's. I Chapter iv presents an analysis of the poetry Thelwall wrote from 1787 to 1801. His earlier work is extremely convention. In 1794 j Thelwall employed the sonnet and the ode forcefully in order to make j public the emotions he felt as he awaited trial. After he left poli­ tics, Thelwall wrote verses to celebrate the joys of family and nature. [ Thelwall's friendship with Wordsworth and Coleridge is the ; topic of the final chapter. Thelwall became acquainted with Coleridge in the spring of 1796 when both still lectured in support of parliamen­ tary reform. They carried on a voluminous correspondence for over a year, discussing literature, politics, and religion. Coleridge re­ vealed himself unreservedly to Thelwall, and accepted his criticism. In 1797 Thelwall visited Coleridge and Wordsworth at Alfoxden in Somer­ set. His visit drew government spies and eventually cost Wordsworth j his lease to Alfoxden Mansion. Nevertheless, Thelwall's views of nature | | and politics had a limited influence on Wordsworth, for passages in The | Peripatetic show parallels with passages in The Excursion. I l- t; Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Throughout his career Thelwall absorbed the intellectual values of late-eighteenth-century England and carried them to extremes. He was unique not because he carried his advocacy of democracy to heroic ex­ tremes, but because in his writings he also asserted the need for organic relationships in society, relationships grounded upon the assumption of general intimacy with the beauty of the natural world. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This thesis has been examined and approved. Thesis director, Carl Dawson, Prof. of English ____ H v T'- Edmund G. Miller, Prof of English 'huUiAJi 1/ Michael V. Deporte, Assoc. Prof. of English Marc L. Schwarz, Assoc. Prof. of History Richard V. Desrosiers, Asst. Prof. of Classics Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 % TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...........................................iii I? i::. & INTRODUCTION..................................... 1 I. POLITICAL HISTORY: ’’TRIBUNE OF THE PEOPLE” .......... 19 II. SOCIAL CRITICISM: "NOTHING MORE THAN JUSTICE” ....... 78 III. THE REVOLUTIONARY AS NOVELIST: THE PERIPATETIC .... 108 IV. POETRY: "THE SOURCE OF JOYS” ......................... 156 V. "THY STERN SIMPLICITY AND VIGOROUS SONG": THELWALL’s RELATIONS WITH WORDSWORTH AND COLERIDGE................ 186 CONCLUSION........................................
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