RAWDON.Am~S Ar\TD CrIEST.

Arms Argent a fess between three pheons sable Crest - On a mural coronet argent a pheon sable with a laurel branch issuant thereout

Motto - NEC IN ARIDODEFIT.

proper. -1 -

THE RAWOONS

The surname Rawdon is a locative name frcxn the place Ra\'odonsltuated north of .

My interest started in 1966 when driving north of Leeds I came across a signpost to Rawdon -little did I realise the fascinating story connected with the name. The following is an attempt to set out information from many sources into one manuscript.

There is evidence of a British settlement and the name is ot Celtic origin and can be defined as Raw -a wild goat, Don -on a hill. The area around Ra~on formed part of the srrall British kingdom of Elmet which was occup.ied by the Saxons in A.D. 616.

The Domesday Book l iU~b) says' Iibert de Lacey has 1t, and 1t 1S waste' The area was surveyed as Terra Regis -kings' land -being held in several m3.nors by Saxons. The m3.nor of Ra\\Uon was granted by William I to Paulynus in gratitude for services rendered by his band of archers at the Battle of Hastings. weaver in his funereal monuments gives the following:- 'I, William, King, the third year of my reign give to the Paulyn Roydon, Hope, and Hopetown etc etc.'

'lne ear~y Kawaons were Dur~ea a~ K1rKs~a~~ AODeY, ~WOm~les south ot Ra~on, they were benefactors of the Abbey and an early record reads as follows:- Grant by Michael de Roudoune during the reign of Edward I 'To God, St Mary and the m:)nks of Abbey of all the land at a place called Eslairode', among the witnesses is Henry, son of Walter de Roudoune.

'.Lne ancJ.en't: resJ.aence or roe 1{a~ons was to roe east at the present parish church now known as Rawdon Old Hall. It passed out their owner- ship via Anne daughter of Michael. Anne rrarried Stephen paslewe who is said to have committed suicide .in the house, .it then passed to the aglethorpe f~ily who sold it in 1630 to the Layton's, whose descendants sold it to a Mr flTn1Ott.

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The present Rawdon low Hall was built by George Ra~on in the 17th century and placed the initials G.R./A. over the main porch (George and his wife Ann). The house was still in the possession of the Hastings family in 1914.

Later in '_667 when Francj_s, who was a protector of the early non- conformists, lived at the hall, the Rev. Oliver Haywood preached there. The Rev. Samuel Marsden who was educated by the Rev. Stones, vicar at Rawdon in 1788, became sen.lor chaplain in Sydney, N.S.W. and was the first missionary to New Zealand in 1814. Francis Rawdon had the initials F.R./D. placed over a narrow doorway in the south front of the Hall.

The early pedigree of the Rawdon family was recorded by Thoresby in 1702 as related to him by priscilla Rawdon who was then living at Rawdon Low Hall aged over 81 years:-

Son and heir of Paul ynus was Thor de Roud.on, whose son, Serlo t lived in the tUne of King Stephen. He was father to Adam who lived in the reign of King Richard I. The aforesaid are all mentioned in charters belonging to . Then follows ~-

Michael De Raudon during the reign of Henry III Simon De Ra~en """ "Henry III r-Bthaeus Ra~en """ "Edward I Ricardus de Ra~en """" Edward I Johannes de Ra~en """" Edward II & III Michael de Ra~en """ " Edward III who ma.rried Mary Franke of Co York Michael de Ra~en Edward III who ma.rried Ellenor Scott of Scott Hall, Leeds Thanas Ra~en of Ra~en Richard II who ma.rried Al ice, daugher of Sir Simon Ward of , Co York Johannes Rawden Richard II the brother of Thanas vlho marrj_ed Alvia Folefait Johannes Ra~en Edward IV & Henry VI who married Arth ington daughter of 3 -

and then John Ra~on of Ra~on in the parish of Guiseley Co York during the reign of Henry VII and VIII married the daughter of Thcxnas Fenton of Crake, Co York. In the book Rov,uon of Ro~on publ ished in Dublin 1870 it states that John married the daughter of Robert Thornton of Denby. I cannot say which is correct but from the marriage he had two sons, John and Ralph. This is where the pedigree splits, the elder branch attaining titles in the peerage of , Scotland and Ireland, the younger gaining wealth and fortune by trade. I shall firstly follow the elder branch.

John, the elder son who died in 1516 renained at Rawdon living at Rawdon Hall, he married the daughter of Thomas Bradford of Stainley. His son, Michael, who died 9 August 1588 married daughter of Richard Thornton, of Tyersal, Co York. Mary, their daughter, married Richard Rookes of Rodes Hall.

Michael had a son, George, and a daughter, Anne, who married Stephen paslawe, joint Lord of the manor of Rawdon.

George, buried at Guiseley 15 May 1624, who built the present Rawdon Low Hall, rrarr.ied his first wife Anne Beckwith of the Shaws, Co York. His second wife was Jane Stanhope, rrarried at Bradford 15 June 1602. She died 28 March 1648, buried at Guise1ey. The arms of Rawdon, Fo11ifoot, Aldborough and Beckwith were depicted in a window of the north transept - of Guise1ey church but now in 1988 has been replaced by a memorial window to the second ~r1d war. By Anne he had three sons, Frances, Toby and Richard, and by Jane, Walter baptised 7.4.1605, killed in Germany 30 years war, 1634 or before; Joseph (a Spanish merchant in London) baptised Guiseley 22.3.1.1607 rrarried Rose wright, had t~ daughters Mary and Anne; Dorothy; Anne baptised 3.4.1603 Guiseley, died 26.8.1650 unmarried, ~ buried Guiseley; and Samuel. The Guiseley records show that Toby was r baptised 28 May 1592, he died unmarried. Walter was baptised in 1605 and Samuel 8 June 1589, and Joseph 22 November 1607. Richard married Isabella, daughter of John Bilton of Brameham co York on 17 October 1609, I sons Richard, a London grocer, Walter, a London goldsmith, and daughter Veritas baptised Guiseley 31.J_..1613. Frances lived at Rawdon Low Hall and died aged 86 years on 25 April 1668, buried at Guise1ey. He married Dorothy Aldborough in 1603, she died in 1660 and was also buried at Guiseley.

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The children of this marriage were -George, Anne, Elizabeth, Mary, Mercy, baptised Guiseley 23.5.1619, and Priscilla.

Thoresby notes in his diary for 26 September 1702 that he walked by Kirkstall Abbey to the new laithes where he stayed awhile to view the stately ruins, then by the forge pleasantly along the banks of the river to visit MadamePriscilla Rawdon, sister of the famous Sir George Rawdon. The old lady then above 81 years, gave him a full account of her brother's fight with the rebels (Irish) in 1641, and much information abount the Rawdon family. She gave him a portrait of her brother and , . a case for a pair of spectacles in silver with silk flowers.

Priscilla died in 1707 -she was the last of the family to live at Rawdon. In the book 'Life of M3.rnladuke Rawdon of York' Camden Society 1863, it says 'during his stay in England M3.rmaduke visited Rawdon Hall and ancient house where he found his kinsman Frances aged about 80 years.

Anne Rawdon, baptised at Calverley 9.1.1606, married John Stanhope of , Elizabeth married Philip Tandy, vicar of Glanavy, Mary married John Dunbar.

Mary was baptised at Guiseley on 23 May 1619 and Priscilla also at Guise1ey on 6 January 1622. Both died unmarried. 5

GEORGERAWDON, son of Frances, was born at Rawdon in 1604, created a baronet 20 May 1665, and died August 1683/4. As a young man he was at the court of King James I, becoming private secretary to Lord Conway who had extensive estates in Ireland. Lord Oonway being one of the IMny absentee land owners \AK)uldhave needed a trust\AK)rthy person to act as his agent. George became his a.gent and lived at Brookhil.l a few miles east of Lisburn. Life in Ireland was very unsettled and troops were required to keep order. George was first a sergeant, then a captain in command of a troop of horse. It was her with 200 men, repulsed Sir Ph.ilem O'Neil and 2000 Irishmen in the rebellion of 1641 at Lisburn where they had IMssacred 40,000 Protestants.

In a petition from Colonel Edward Conway to the committee for the affairs of Ireland at Derby House, dated 1646, states that 7,000 men commanded by Sir Phelomy 0' Neil were totally defeated at Lisburn November 1641.

George was one of the Horns against the Kirk in Ulster (Daniels vision of the beast with horns that rrade war against the people of God). In 1639 he was required to administer the I black I oath by King Charles I to all Scots in Ulster. A letter fran Colonel George r-bnk in Exeter to Major George Rawdon at Lisburn dated 16 December 1649 I That you suffer no Scots ministers to preach in the country again I .

He was a Commissioner of Revenue for Belfast under Cromwell but later was able to obtain a pardon from King Charles II and was later one of the commissioners for the settlement of Irelant.

As land agent for Lord Conway, he worked hard in bringing the rough uncultivated plantation into an estate well admired and most English in aspect. In doing so he was able to acquire for himself considerable landed interests in the Cbunties of Antrim and Down. He purchased a small estate at Moira and peopled it with protestants, build.ing a house known as The Demesne. Today the area where the house stood is a public park with a small section of the house wall remaining. He was known locally as I the best highwayman .in the Kingdom' due to his extensive

improvements to the roads. He also built the house at Ballynahinch and this, together with Moira, created manors by letters patent from King Charles II. 6

He married, in 1635, his first wife Ursula, the daughter of S.ir Francis Stafford of Bradney in Shropshire, a widow of Francis Hill of Hill Hall Co Down. She died in 1640. On 4 September 1654 he married at Arrow Church, Warwickshire, Dorothy, eldest daughter of the second Lord Con\my by whan he had seven sons and three daughters. She died in 1676 and he on 18 August 1684 and is buried in the chancel of Lisburn cathedral.

The first and second sons were both slain in France, Edward in a duel in Paris February 1677, John killed in August 1676. Doctor Henry Moore wrote to Sir George 5 September 1676 fram Ragley Iconsolations for the

death of your son John Rawdon'. Arthur, the third son, was born 17 October 1661, four other sons died in infancy. Daughters Mary, married lord Forbes, \'mo was later created Earl of Granard, I:X)rothy and Brilliana both died unmarried.

Moira is a Sm:ill m:irket town in Co Down, at one time one of the sm:ill linen m:inufacturing towns of Ulster. It was the scene of a bloody battle between two Irish Clans in the 7th century. In 1805 the Rawdons moved to their house Montalto at Ballynahinch and the Moira estate viaS sold to the Bateson family. Moira Castle was demolished in the early 19th century. The Batesons were responsible for building the stone m:irket house with its Assembly Rocxns and court room. The mechanisation of the linen weaving led to the rapid decline of the town, though sane cottage hand loom weaving of fine linens continued until 1958. In 1637 Sir George Rawdon suggested a canal fran the river Lagan to Lough Neagh, but it was not until 1794 that the Lagan Navigation was finally opened. -7 -

SIR ARTHURRAWDON, 2nd Baronet, was born 17 October 1662, died on his birthday 17 October 1695. He married Helena, daughter of Sir James Graham, she died 17 March 1709 aged 47 years. In Ireland towards the end of the 17th century tenants were too poor to pay rent, tradesmen on the verge of ruin, yet Arthur began to garden at Moira on a grand scale. He was influenced by Hans Sloane, a botanist, who brought from the West Indies hundreds of seeds and plants, same of which Arthur acquired. Arthur also sent his gardener, James Harlow, to Jamaica to collect further specimens. The gardens at Moira were layed out with Iwalks, vistoes, and espaliers regular I, ponds, canals and woods. Now nothing rerrains of the house or gardens save a few overgrown banks and a piece of wall.

Arthur's sympathies were with King william III raising troops for the seige of Derry. He was never in good health, and sickness ended his military affairs. He is buried alongside his father in Lisburn Cathedral A brass plate reads I Beneath this plate is buried Sir George Rawdon Bart 1684 who defeated the rebels at Lisburn in the Great Rebellion of 1641. Also buried here his son Sir Arthur Rawdon 1695'.

Arthur I S eldest son Edward died in infancy, he was succeeded by his second son John. He also had two daughters -IX)rothy, who died in infancy, and Isabella, who married Sir Richard Levinge 1718/9, the son of the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Isabella o.ied 2 November 1731. -8 -

SIR JOHN RAWDON,3rd Baronet was born in 1690 and died 2 February 1723 aged 34 years and is buried at Moira. He married in 1716 Dorothy, the daughter of Sir Richard Levinge, Speaker of the House of Commonsand Lord Chief Justice of the CommonPleas in Ireland. He built Moira parish church of St John in 1722. He had four sons, George and Richard who both died in infancy, Arthur who married Arabella Cheshire, and John who succeeded as 4th Baronet.

Sir John Rawdon, 4th Baronet, born 1720 vms elevated to the on 9 April 1750 as Baron Rawdon of Moira, created Earl of Moira Co Down 15 December 1752. He died 20 June 1793. His funeral is said to have been the largest in Ireland with 400 horse-drawn carriages. He married firstly on 10 November 1741 Lady Helena Perceval, daughter of John the first Earl of Egmont, by whom he had two daughters - Catherine, born 1 January 1742/3, who married 30 April 1764 Joseph Henry of Straffan Co Kildare, -Helena, born 27 May 1744, who married 3 June 1769 Stephen Moore 1st Earl Mount Cashell.

The 4th Baronet married secondly, after the death of his wife on 11 1746, Anne, daughter of Trevor viscount Hi11sborough on 23 December She died 1 August 1751, there were no children.

He then married again on 26 February 1752 (other date given as 26 November 1752) Lady Elizabeth Hastings, eldest daughter of Theophilus, 9th , and eventually on her brother's death in 1789 she inherited the Baronies of Hastings. Their children were:-

FranC15 the Lnd Ear i it ~4 -i~Lb.

John Theophi1us Rawdon, born J_9 November 1756, married Frances, daughter of Joseph vlj_lliam Hall Stevenson of Skelton Castle, North . She died 1785 and he in May 1808. It is said that their daughter, Elizabeth Anne (who married Lord George Russel, 21 June 1817, therefore the mother of the 9th Duke of Bedford) was the only child, but the Mormon index shows a daughter Frances Charlotte as being baptised at Eston, t~rth Yorkshire, on 3 February .1795. John's marriage is registered in the parish of Kirkleatham 13 December 1792. -9

George, born 9 January 1761, died 1800, he was a major in the 16th Foot

Regiment.

Four sons, Charles, Ferdinand, Theophilus and Edward all died in infancy.

Ann Elizabeth, born 16 May 1753, died 1813, married in 1778 Thomas Bruce Brudnell, Earl of Aylesbury.

Selina Frances, born 9 April 1759, died 1827, married 10 May 1779 George Forbes, Earl of Granard.

Sophia Marie Josephina, born 1 March 1765, died 29 October 1772 at Dublin.

Charlotte Adelaide Constantia, born 25 February 1769, died 1834, married Hamilton Fitzgerald in 1814.

In 1770 John Rawdon, the first Earl, moved the family seat fran Moira to Montalto House, Ballynahinch, taking many exotic plants iran the hot houses at Moira. He spent £30,000 planting timber and improving theestate.

The town of Ballynahinch was laid out by Sir George Rawdon, the patent of 1661 states that Sir George had built the town, two mills and repaired the church also leaving a large space for markets and fairs.

J M Johnson, the first agent for the Rawdon family, wrote five years after the rising of 1798 'within these few years there have been about 20 elegant new houses built in different streets of this town, many of them three stories high, there are about 100 houses in the town'. At the end of the Battle of Ballynahinch 63 houses were left gutted and ma.ny others wrecked and looted. 10

In 'The Grand Irish Tbur' by Peter Somerville Large (1982), fram Spa the party drove back to BalJ_ynahinch through Montalto estate which had recently been acquired by Mrs Delany I s friends the Ra\~ons. Sir John Rawdon, soon to became the Earl of Moira, had moved to this congenial neighbourhood fram Moira, and like so many of Mrs Delany's acquaintances was bent on improvements.

The Battle of Ballynahinch took place in the summer of 1798. The Ards di vision of the United Irish Army under the command of a young draper, Henry Monroe, swarmed over the wall of Lord Moira's demesne and pitched camp. Moira was in London at the time. In glorious weather they set up camp, requisitioning cattle and other provisions. The women of Ballynahinch prepared oatcakes and salt beef, and parties of ladies were escorted around on tours to be shown the arms of the insurgents, pikes, pitchforks, steel pikes with an extra hook for cutting through horses bridles, and the occasional musket owned by the better class of rebel. The,united Officers wore green belts, green coats and patriotic tokens -the Irj.sh harp entwined with a shamrock instead of the crown, or a French cap of liberty.

The United Army controlled all the north east part of Co Down and had set up camps at Ballynahinch, Saintfield, Newtownards and Kilgobbin. Tb the north west could be seen a line of burning houses as the Government troops m3.rched to meet Monroe, and a second column of troops was sighted fran Downpatrick.

Nugent was in Commandof the Government forces, he found Saintf ield abandoned and ordered it to be burnt, and carried on to meet the rebels at Ballynahinch. In the course of the shelling of the town a solitary she.ll crashed through the roof of Lord Moira's house. The bombardment ceased at 10.00 a.m. during which the United Officers were still arguing about tactics, so the men started to drift away. 2000 catholics fram Loughistand left en mass. Nugents troops pressed into the town and the cavalry relentlessly turned defeat into a rout. When it was allover Nugent's army returned to Belfast leaving Ballynahinch a smoking ruin. Local loyalists came to inspect the battlefield and found bodies in the streets food for the local pigs. Among the dead lay Betsy Grey who had -11

fought alongside both her brother and lover and two beautiful young women who were known as the Goddess of Reason and of Liberty, who were both well known tovm prostitutes.

After the battle, the steward of the Bishop of Down took away a couple of bloodstained pikes I for to be put with your Lordship's othercuriosities!'

Henry Monroe was captured, taken to Lisburn and hanged outside his drapers shop. 12 -

FRANCIS RAWDONHASTINGS, K.G., G.C.B., F.R.S., F.S.A., M.R.I.A., was born 7/9 December 1754 and succeeded as the 2nd Earl of ~ira and Baron Rawdon of Rawdon Co York on the death of his father in 1793. He assumed the additional name Hastings on inheriting, in 1808, the Baronies of Hastings, Hungerford, Botreaux and De ~leyns on the death of his n-other. He was created a peer of Great Britain 7 December 1816 by the titles of viscount Loudoun, Earl of Rawdon and the first Marquis of Hastings. After Harrow School he was in 1771 at the age of 17 gazetted an ensign in the 15th Foot, t\-.Q years later a lieutenant in the 5th Foot. He had a very successful army career, being colonel of 105th Foot 1781 -1783, A.D.C. to the king 1782 -1793, major general 1793, lieutenant general 1798, general 1803, colonel of the 27th Foot 1804 -1826. He was also Master of Ordnance, C in C Army in Scotland and Constable of the TOwer of London; a Governor of the Charter House, and served on the Council of the king in Cornwall and the North of England. He was appointed a Privy Councillor in 1806.

He saw active service during the American War of Independence, and for a time during the illness of General Cornwallis acted as Supreme Commander. After the capture of Charlestown, Rawdon raised a regiment of 2000 Irish volunteers which, under his command fought at the battles of Camden and Hobkirk I s Hill. He was successful at Camden Hill on 16 August 1780, but after the battle the British forces subjected the local population to severe treatment and scrne to deportation so that the fruits of victory were thrown away. Rawdon was condemned for the action of his forces and on his return to England, due to ill health, in 1871 the Duke of Richmond tabled a question in the regarding his actions. The motion was lost but an apology to Rawdon was only given after much debate and delay.

As Major General he sailed with the unsuccessful force sent to assist the French counter revolutionaries. The force returned without landing. In 1794 he was at Southampton with 10,000 men preparing another invasion of France, but was obliged to meet the expense of the army due to the refusal of the government to do so.

He sat in the Irish House of Commonsas the member tor Randalstown, Co Antrim, and also in the English House of Lords. He was impetous in 13 -

Parliament as he had been in the army. After a quarrel with Pitt he joined the opposition so becoming a member of the Whig party. His Whig principles motivated his critisism of Abercramby on the illegal methods of repression in Ireland, and he did more than most to expose the mis- government of Ireland. He considered that the rebellion of 1798 ~ms not the result of a Jacobin conspiracy but from I Immediate and local outrage to the feelings of the lower classes'.

The success of the French revolution inspired the Irish to revolt and they looked to Lord r-bira to lead them. ~blfe 'Ibne tried to persuade him to lead the rebellion and so became one of the greatest men in Europe. Moira refused, but did encourage the rebels without totally committing himself to the cause. His estate was found to be one of the principle arsenals. He often spoke in favour of parliamentary reform and catholic emancipation, and cr.i tisized General Lake's murderous search for arms in Ulster, advocating that the king should interpose his paternal authority on the people of Ireland. 'Ib this pitt replied that under the constitution of 1782 parliament no longer had the right to interfere in the internal government of Ireland.

On 18 November 1812 he was appointed Governor General of Bengal (1813 - 1822) and served two terms. fltIbarking at Portsmouth on 14 April 1813 he landed at Calcutta the following October. His deep sympathy with the poor and oppressed peoples had made him earlier to critisize the Govern- ment of India as 'being founded on injustice and established by force', however his first difficulty on arriving at Calcutta was with Nepal, against which he declared war on 1 November 1814, so condoning the actions of previous administrations by extending India's boundaries by war. He was created Viscount wudoun etc for his actions in Nepal and received a vote of thanks from the English parliament' for his judicious arrangements in the plan and direction of the military operations against Nepal'.

In 1817 he crushed a band of Pindaree freebooters who had been raiding and plundering the territory in the states of central India, the fighting lasted eighteen hours. After their defeat the British were in ~ver throughout India. 14

The East India Company voted him £60,000; later a further grant of £20,000 was made to his son to lessen the burden of the careless expenditure of his father Frances. It is said that his skill as a soldier and public administrator were great but the management of his own affairs proved a canplete failure.

On his return to England, as when he returned from America, fault was found with what he had done. Contrary to the law in India he had advanced money to some of the Indian prices which involved the bankers, William Palmer & Co, in which Frances Rawdon had an interest. This brought about the strong disapproval of the East India Company and his resignation of office. Questions were again asked in parliament. In March of 1824 one of his friends, Douglas Kinnaird, tried to settle the case against Rawdon by a proposal in the Court of Proprietors that the papers contained nothing' to affect in the slightest degree the personal character or integrity of the late Governor General. The proposal was defeated. The court directors affirmed that the papers contained several charges against Rawdon that he had lent East India Company money not for the benefit of the Princes but for the sole benefit of Palmer & Co. Rawdon however had declared on his triumphant return to Ashby de la Zouche that he had never put a penny into his own pocket. He was no lover of IOC)neyand had no idea of economy, indeed it was shortage of funds and pressing creditors that compelled him to apply for the position of Governor of Malta shortly after his return from India.

Rawdon was a great friend of the Prince Regent, later King George IV, and was executor of his will leaving all his possessions to Mrs Fitzherbert. He acted as second to the Regent's brother, the Duke of York, in a duel with Lieutenant Oolonel Lennox. In 1812, however, again due to his Whig principles, he and the Prince were estranged due to the fact that Lord Sidmouth was brought into government. However, Lord Liverpool's adrnini- stration resigned 22 May 1812 and Rawdon and the Prince were reconciled w.ith him being asked to be the next Prime Minister. His nerve failed him and Lord Liverpool was re-appointed.

RaWdonwrote to Sir Charles Hastings on 4 June 1812 'Lord Wellesley having failed the Prince has desired that I should 15 -

endeavour to form a ministry. It is dreadfully difficult, the ground being so soiled'.

On 9 June he wrote again to Sir Charles -'You will be astonished that, with an administration under my hand not only capable of present \\Qrk, but sure of permanency, I should forgo the station of first minister; but I have done right the sudden defection of Erskine and the Duke of Norfolk I then should have appeared to have compranised my principles for the sake of being the head of a ministry I .

Thackeray described the life of the Prince Regent as one of I fiddling and flowers and feasting and flattery and folly'. The treatment of the prince, of Mrs Fitzherbert and later of his wife, Queen Caroline, his lies to the Commons in order that they should payoff his debts of £160,000 when his annual income was £72,000 show him to have been a thoroughly selfish and indulgent character. It is surprising how Rawdon could have reconciled his Whig principles with his friendships of such a man.

During the years 1790 to 1813 Rawdon was acting grand master of English Freemasonary and fram 1806 to 1808 was grand master of Freemasonary in Scotland. ~Brtin Short in h_ls book 'Inside the Brotherhood' gives an example of masonic brotherly love 'Lord Moira an Anglo-Irish soldier ~mo at 24 was an Adjutant General on the king's side in the American was of Independence was working one day in the library of his country home when a ~n forced her way in to see him. Her son had just been drawn for military service, 'I cannot help you' was the Earl's reply. 'If your son has been regularly balloted for and drawn in the militia, he must serve. (The militia was a force camtanded by the Lord Lieutenants for home defense. Each year Parliament fixed the quota of men required from each county. Those men unlucky enough to be drawn could opt to pay for a substitute.) The woman then told the Earl how her father, three brothers and her husband had all died in action, her son now supported the entire family. If he were sent to fight the family would be destitute. When she named her husband, Isaac Wardroper, Moira remembered him from their days together in the 63rd fCX)t regiment. She produced a vellum certificate and same insignia. Moira examined the document and said: 'Your husband, it appears, was a mason, of that I am satisfied. He belonged to a military lodge -for you it is well, go with a light heart. So good a son had best 16 -

remain where he is. He will not be torn from you -I require no thanks I can listen to nothing further, go and have no fears for the future'. A substitute was found, who paid him? And who sent £10 by post to the mason's widow. The unlawful societies act of 1799 nearly banned freemasonary but William pitt was lobbied by the Earl and the Duke of Athol so that pitt' expressed his good opinion of the society'.

The castle and estate at Ashby-de-la-Zouche had been in the Hastings family many years. It was the decision of Henry Hastings, the 2nd son of the 5th Earl of Huntingdon, to support Charles I during the civil war that impoverished the family fortunes and that of the town of Ashby and resulted in the move of the family seat to Donington Park. The 10th Earl, Francis, who was Master of the Horse to the Prince of Wales, did not marry, he had a son however born to rnademoisella Lany 'the Lanilla'. The boy was named Charles and on the death of the Earl he was left landed property valued at £2,000. Charles married Parnell the daughter of Thomas Abney and through the marriage acquired v~illesley Hall in Derbyshire.

The 10th Earl of Huntingdon died whilst telling a story at his own dining table in 1789, his heir was Francis Rawdon.

On 12 July 1804 Francis f in his fiftieth year married Flora Muir Campbell, the daughter of the 7th Earl and Countess of Loudoun in her own right. Four years later her debts were said to be over £70 f 000 and those of Francis at £300,000. The extensive rebuilding of Donington Park added greatly to their misfortunes. The Ashby canal, completed in 1804 and the enclosure of the Ashby Wbulds were projects to increase the income of Francis and the town. Many coal seams were known to be in the area and during mining at Moira water of a double strength of muriate of salt and of magnesia was found. This discovery resulted in the building of Ivanhoe Baths at Ashby and for a few years Ashby was a fashionable place to take the waters. The water was transported from Moira by canal, later by train. Francis visited Ashby in 1823 after his return from India. He was greeted in great style by the town, his creditors were just as pleased to see him, and he hurriedly left England to take the Governorship of M3.lta. -17

Francis died at sea, off Naples, on 28 November 1826 aged 71, on board H.M.S. Revenge, and was buried at Malta. He requested that after his death his right hand be cut off, preserved until the death of his wife, and then buried with her.

Sir Walter Scott wrote of him: 'Poor old honour and glory dead -once Lord Moira, latterly Lord Hastings, he was a man of very considerable talents but had an overmastering degree of vanity of the grandest kind - he died having the credit, or having had the credit to leave more debt than any man since Caesar's time £120, 000 is said to be the last.'

A letter in the London Times of 19 December 1826 states" Arrangements having been made on board the' Revenge' for receiving the Marquis of Hastings and family on board by the officers giving up the wardroom and the cabins in it, he was, on the 29th, brought down from the Palace at Mal ta to the shore in a sofa arranged for the purpose, and put into the Admiral's barge and towed alongside, to prevent the noise of the oars in the boat in which he was; he was hoisted in and carried to his cabin in the wardroom quite safely, and at daylight next morning the 'Revenge' went to sea: He was in such a weak state when brought on board that it was quite wonderful his surviving one hour after the other. He was removed from Malta quite against the opinion of all medical men. The ship had fortunately a very quick and very quiet passage, being only three days; but on arrival of the 'Revenge' he was so ill that it was impossible to move him; therefore, the ship remained at Baia Bay to take advantage of the smooth water, the Admiral as usual doing everything he could and putting himself to many inconveniences. The Marquis lingered in the most melancholy state, showing the greatest firmness and resignation I ever heard of; and on the 23rd, at about eleven at night, he breathed his last, surrounded by his unhappy wife and four daughters: his son is not here, but is expected every hour. So well he convinced that his time was close at hand that he took his leave of his children several days before his death, and told his medical man not to give him anything to prevent the event taking place at once, as he was quite sure nothing would save him."

It is stated in another from an officer of the 'Revenge' dated from on board that ship that the late Marquis of Hastings, in a letter found 18 -

amongst his papers after his death, requested that on his decease his right hand might be cut off, and preserved, until the death of the Marchioness, when it was to be interred in the same coff.in with her ladyship, in pursuance of his direction the hand has been amputated. Lady Hastings died 9 January 1840 a.ged 60 and was buried in the rrausoleum at Loudoun Castle with the hand \oJhich had been kept in a box in the vault at Loudoun church. Francis' will dated 3 February 1826 was proved 31 July 1828.

The early Elizabethan house at Donington was demolished by Francis and replaced by Wilkins' gothic pile. Over the centre porch is inscribed: 'Tb the memory of his uncle, Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, from whose affection he received the estate, this edifice is gratefully dedicated by Francis Rawdon Hastings, 1793.'

The building was used as a prisoner of war camp 1914 -1918 and after- wards remained empty until recently when it became the H.Q. of Midland Airways.

They had six children:

Flora Elizabeth, born 11 February 1806, died unmarried 5 July 1839. She was Lady of the Bedchamber to the Duchess of Kent, the rrother of . She was wrongfully accused of having secretly married in 1839 by Lord Melbourne, which aggravated her illness, causing her early death at Buckingham Palace. She was buried at Loudoun Castle.

Francis George Augustus, died an infant 1807

George Augustus Francis, born 4 February 1808, succeeded as 2nd Marquis and as died 13 January 1844.

4. Sophia Frederica Christina, born 1 February 1809, died 28 December 1859, she married John the 2nd Marquis of Bute.

Selina Constantia, born 15 August 1810, died 8 November 1867, she married on 25 June 1838 Charles Henry, a captain in the 56th Regiment

1.3.2.5. -19

Adelaide Augusta Lavinia, born 25 February 1812, married on 8 July 1854 Sir William Keith Murray. She died 6 December 1860.

The second Marquis married 1 August 1831 Barbara, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn of Ashley. She died 18 November 1858, he succeeded to his mother's titles of Loudoun, Tarrinzean and Mauchline upon her death in 1840. The children of this marriage were:

Paulyn Reginald Serlo the 3rd Marquis, born 29 June 1832, died unmarried 17 January 1851. He was an Ensign in the 52nd foot regiment, Oxfordshire Light Infantry.

Henry ~veysford Charles Plantagenet, the 4th Marquis, born 22 July 1842, he inherited the Barony of Grey de Ruthyn on the death of his mother.

Edith Maud Abney-Hastings.

Bertha Lelgarde Baroness Grey de Ruthyn, in her own right, m3.rried on 11 December 1855 Augustus Wykenham of Warton Hall, the youngest son of ThaMS Clifton and brother to Lord [X)nington. She died 15 December 1887 leaving two daughters and t~ sons: Rawdon George Grey Clifton, born November 1857, succeeded as 24th Baron Grey de Ruthyn (bearer of Gold Spurs), cicil Talbot Clifton, born January 1862 Ella Cicely Mary Clifton, born January 1855, Lelgarde Harry Florence Clifton, born July 1870.

victoria Maria Louisa who married on 31 October 1859 J.F.S. Kirwan of Mayne 00 Galway. She died 30 March 1888 leaving two sons and three daughters.

6. Frances Augusta Constance who married on 30 July 1863 Viscount Marsham, eldest son of the Earl of Romney.

6.3.4.1.2.5. 20 -

HENRYWEYSFORD CHARLES PLANTAGENET RA~~N HASTINGS, the second son of George Augustus, succeeded as 4th Marquis of Hastings and to the Barony of Grey de Ruthyn on the death of his mother on 18 November 1858. He was born on 22 July 1842 and died of Bright's disease, without issue, on 10 November 1868. He had a short life of utter extravagance, being described as 'driftwood on the current of his own passage, a piece of putty in the hands of designing friends, to be shaped as they wished'. The London Evening Standard of 29 May 1959 describes the life of the 'Mad Hastings' under the title 'Trust a Buck to Celebrate after loosing £121,000'. Gambling was his great pleasure, he had a stable of 30 fine horses and won almost every classic event. He was cool and calm when he won £10,000 or lost £20,000. In the Jolly Sailor in Ship Alley in the east end of London he would shout 'what cheer my hearties' to be answered by 'the markiss is in the chair' -a dozen bottles of champagne would carne and there would be drinking until dawn. He spent his child- hood at Donington Hall, but due to the frequent absences of his mother he was spoilt by his elder sister and allowed to associate with the villagers and miners at the local pit at Moira. Al though educated at Eton and Christ College, Oxford, he was a poor judge of character. In London he would make his home at Limmer's in Conduit Street, but later settled at 23 Park Lane. Limmer I s was the dirtiest hotel in

London, the meeting place of race-goers, the food was excellent. One of his mad exploits with Lord Londesborough was to buy 200 rats from Shaw, the rat catcher, and release them at Motts Dancing Rooms in FOley Street.

The 4th Marquis eloped with Lady Florence Paget, the daughter of The Marquis of Angelsey. She was known as the pocket Venus and at the time was engaged to Henry Chaplin, also a gambler but with a fair degree of commonsense. The marriage was a failure and afterwards Florence wrote to Chaplin' if what I am now suffering is a punishment for the way I treated you -it is indeed a hard one'.

Chaplin entered his horse Hermit in the 1867 Derby, Hastings bet heavily against Hermit which won by a neck and he lost £120,000. Afterwards, true to form he celebrated his loss at the Star and Garter, Richmond. The final blow to his fortunes came when his horse, Lady Elizabeth, came in 5th at Newmarket, he had already sold his Loudoun property to the 21

Marquis of Bute for £300,000, and Donington Park was mortgaged. He could not pay his outstanding debt of £40,000 to Chaplin, thereby in his mind his honour as a gentleman was in question. He went abroad in the summer of 1868, returning for the race meeting at Doncaster on crutches and could only bet £25. He was later to be seen in a wheelchair wrapped in blankets like a frail old man. 'Hermit fairly broke my heart, but I didn't show it did I', he said.

He paid one last visit to Donington and then left for a holiday atFolkstone. His yacht 'Lady Bird' had been sold.

He died at Grosvenor Square on 10 November 1868 and was buried at Kensal Green cemetary. His wife Florence died 3 February 1907 at Windsor and was buried at Grendon. 'nlere were no children.

With his death the honours of the senior male line of the Rawdon family became extinct. 22 -

EDITH MAUDEABNEY-HASTINGS, born 10 December 1833, died at Ventnor 23 January 1874. The cause of death is said to have been Bright's disease. She was buried in the family vault at Donington Church, leaving an instruction that after her death her right hand be cut off and buried in Donington Park, but her wish was disregarded. She married Charles Frederick Cl.ifton on 30 April 1853. He was later, in 1880, created Lord Donington. He died on 24 July 1895, aged 72 years.

Charles Hastings, the grandson of the 10th Earl of Huntingdon and the ballerina 'The Lanilla' died in 1858 leaving his Blackfordleyand packington estates to the Marquis of Hastings, his Willesley Hall estate, his London house and a considerable sum of money to Maude. In 1859, by act of parliament, she and her husband assumed the surname and arms of Abney-Hastings, so for a time the Rawdon name disappears. Maude also purchased the revision of the English estates of her brother, the 4th Marquis, and for £300,000 bought back from her cousin, the Marquis of Bute, the Loudoun estates in Ayreshire, sold earlier by the 4th r.'Brquis.

In 1871 she was successful in reviving the ancient honours, when the baronies of Botreaux, Hungerford, De Honet, De Moleyns and Hastings were called out of in her favour. At the time of her death she had seats at Rawdon Hall, Donington Park, Willesley Hall, Loudoun Castle, Rowallen Castle, and Mauchline Tbwer, the last three being in Scotland. She was successful also in keeping at bay her brother's creditors and slowly recovered the family fortunes. Although shrewd in business and personal management, she showed kindness and sympathy to her estate workers and frequently visited the mining families at Moira. It was also her custom to open the grounds at Donington to the local children for summer games and picnics. Lord Donington could always find a reason for buying land (to enlarge the estate or to straighten the boundary) and mainly due to his rash purchases the estate was sold to a Mr Gretton.

The children of the marriage were:

Charles Edward Abney Hastings, born 5 January 1855, married Alice Fitzalan Howard, died 17 May 1920 -no issue.

1. -23 -

2. Pau1yn Frances Cuthbert Abney Hastings, born 21 October 1856, died 19 October 1907. He IMrried Maud Grimston, the 3rd daughter of the 2nd Earl of Verulurn. She was born in 1884 and died in 1920.

Gilbert Theophilus Clifton Abney Hastings, born 29 May 1859.

4. Henry Cecil Plantagenet Abney Hastings, born 19 June 1860 and died 22 November 1886.

Flora Paulyna Hetty Barbara Abney Hastings, born 13 February 1854 died 11 April 1887. She married the 5th Duke of Norfolk on 21 November 1877.

6. Egidia Sophia Frederick Christina Abney Hastings, born 9 May 1870 and died 6 March 1892.

The children of the second son Paulyn were:

Paulyn Charles James Reginald Rawdon Hastings, born 27 November 1889 He was a captain in the 15th battalion of the Leicestershire Regiment and was killed in France 13 October 1915.

2. Edward Hugh Rawdon Hastings, born 31 August 1895, a Second Lieutenant the 2nd Black Watch he died in France of enteric fever 15 September 1915. There was a memorial service in Ashby-de-1a-Zouche parish church for the above on 27 October 1915.

Edith Maude, born 13 May 1883, she succeeded as Countess of Loudoun and in 1916 married Reginald M. C. Huddleston. In 1918 they assumed the surname Abney Hastings. The marriage was dissolved in 1947. Their children were: one son killed on active service in 1944 and four daughters. '!he eldest daughter, Barbara, who was born in 1919, married firstly Walter Strickland Lord in 1939, this marriage was dissolved in 1945, and had one son. She married secondly in 1945 Gilbert Frederick Greenwood. He died in 1951. Issue: one son and one daughter.

4. Elizabeth Frances, born 19 June 1884, succeeded to the baronies of Strange of Knokin, Hungerford and De t-bleyns, and married the 1st

3.5.1. -24 -

viscount St David, he died in 1938. Their son, Jestyn Reginald Plantagenet Philipps married in 1938 firstly Doreen Guiness, the daughter of Arthur Jowett of Tborak, Australia, and secondly in 1954 Elizabeth Joyce, daughter of E.A. Wbolfe of Hove, Sussex. Their issue: one son, Colwyn Jestyn John Philipps and four

daughters.

5. Flora Anne, born 12 September 1885.

Isabel Jacqueline, born 8 August 1887.

6. 25

We now turn back to Ralph Rawdon, the younger brother of John (1516) to trace his descendents. In this branch of the family Marmaduke is a very popular name. I have noted seven.

RALPH RAWOONmoved fran the place RaT.-Jdonto live at a small village tuckeq away in the Hambleton Hills, North Yorkshire, called Kepwick. His date of birth is not known, but he was living in 1520. He had three sons -Ralph, William and Robert. The eldest son, Ralph, married Jane Brice, daughter of John Brice of Stillington near to the village of Stears by , not far fran Jane's hane, where he was a yeoman farmer. He had five sons:

LAURENCE,born 1568, he became a merchant of the city of York in 1593, sheriff in 1615/6 and was elected an alderman on 9 July 1624. He died aged 58, on 5 July 1626 and was buried at St Crux, York. His will dated 5 July 1626 was proved at York on 21 July the same year. He established himself as wholesale grocer; sugar, then a costly luxury, was one of the articles in which he traded. He married Margarey, the daughter of William Barton of Cawton, she died 17 April 1644 aged 74 years, and buried at St Crux, York. Lawrence lived and ~rked during the prosperous days of Queen ' s peaceful reign. The court of the Presidency of the North was stationed at York, Henry Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon administered the affairs of government. They had three sons and t~ daughters.

2. ROBERTRAY~N, the second son of Ralph, lived at Mitcham, Surrey, was a deputy of Bridge Ward in London, a governor of St Thooas' s hospital, he m3.rried Katherine, daughter of Tha11aSHacker of London. He died 15 September 1644 leaving one son and a daughter.

MARMADUKERAWOON, the third son of Ralph, was baptised at Brandsby near Stearsby 20 March 1582. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Thomas Thorowgood of Hoddesden, in 1611, she brought her husband £10,000. She died in 1668.

4. WILLIAM RAWDON,the fourth son, died an infant.

~. JAMES RAWDON,married Elizabeth Rookes in 1616. He died in 1617 and his will is dated 3 May the same year.

1.3. Laurence's sons were -Roger, who died young, M.I. St Crux, Robert, who was baptised at St Crux 29 ~Brch 1601, was elected a common councilman at York 15 January 1631. He was buried at St Crux 12 April 1635. He married Christina Houghton of Alne in 1629, no issue. The third son was Marmaduke, heir to his uncle William. He was baptised at St Crux 17 March 1609/10. He did not marry and died 6 February 1668/9 from the effects of a fall from his horse and was buried at Broxbourne, Hertfordshire. As a young Iran he was adopted by his uncle, Marmaduke.

Laurence I S t\..u daughters were -Elizabeth, baptised at St Crux 20 February

1598/9, and Mary, baptised at St Crux 21 June 1608. She m:lrried on 5 February 1625/6 Sir Roger Jaques of York, from whom is descended Laurence Stern the Author of I Tristram Shandy I .They had sons Roger, Henry, William and Robert, and a daughter Grace.

Note: Laurence Stern was vicar of Sutton on the Forest 1738, Stillington 1743 and perpetual curate of Ooxwold 1760 where he lived. He enjoyed shooting and very ffi3.ny other country sports with John Hall Stevenson who came fran Skelton in Cleveland. Joseph Theophilus Ra~on married Francis the younger daughter of Joseph William Hall Stevenson of Skelton 30 CX:=tober 1792. Stern would often go hunting whilst his congregation waited in church for him to hold the service.

Robert Rawdon of Mitcham had a son William of Berm:)ndsey Court. He rTBrried Elizabeth ? He also had a daughter, Eleanor, who married Nicholas Rainsford of Warwick. They had two sons Robert and Edward. 27

MARMADUKERAWDON, 1582 -1646, the third son of Ralph, left York at the age of 16 years to be apprenticed to Daniel Hill, a London merchant. For 12 years he acted as agent for Hill's interests in Bordeaux. (This branch of the Rawdon family were not of the opinion that trade and commerce were degrading.) He became a London merchant as a member of the Turkey Company, member of Parliament for Aldborough in Suffolk in 1628. He owned a large number of merchant ships, one of which, the IMarmaduke I ,

was impounded by Parliament in March 1643, the cargo of wine, sugar and quicksilver being sold and the money raised sent to Sir William Waller who was beseiging Basing House whilst Rawdon was defending it. He was one of the first to rig out a ship for the discovery of the North West Passage.

He owned t~ plantations on the Island of Barbados, one near the northern hills called Fishers Pond, the other called Rawdon on the outskirts of Bridgetown. At sane time profits fran these estates were diverted by Rawdon's factor, J Holdip. Marmaduke's son, Thomas, reclaimed the estates in 1642 when he fled to Barbados to escape the Civil War.

He owned m3.ny properties in and near London, including the White Tavern in Seething Lane, a bowling green at St Giles in the Fields, and a house on the river Lee near 'Ibttenham, where he took his family during the Great Plague.

When King Charles was raising money for the Scots Wars he withheld duties on imports, which indicates that he was not a cornmitted Royalist, more of a merchant. John Provest, a Frenchman, was his servant, wham Marmaduke probably met when he was overseer of aliens in the City of London. Provest gave Marmaduke III part of Rawdon's personal banner after the seige of Farringdon.

Rawdon did not enter the Civil War at the onset, probably debating which side to support. It was not until 9 March 1643 that he was commissioned by the King to raise a regiment of foot (about 300 men). The regiment was raised at Oxford on 13 April the same year. He was knighted by the King for his successful defence, as Military Governor, of Basing House at the first seige.

B3.sJ.ng House was again beseiged, this time by Lord Fairfax, but due to the 28

displeasure of the owner of the house, The Marquis of Winchester at Marmaduke being appointed Governor of his property and that the Marquis was a Raman Catholic, Marmaduke being protestant, Marmaduke left to became Governor of Weymouth. Shortly after his departure Basing House fell to the Parliament forces and was destroyed.

Unfortunately Weymouth was taken by Parliament before Marmaduke could take up his appointment. Once again he offered his services to the king and became Governor of Farringdon in 1645. He successfully defended the town against Fairfax until his death on 28 April 1646 aged 64 years.

He was a benefactor of All Hallows church near to the Tbwer of London, also of St Giles church, also in London. He gave a public fountain to the town of Hoddesdon representing a Samaritan woman with a pitcher under her arm pouring water.

In 1622 he built Rawdon House at Hoddesdon in the Dutch style. It .is still in existence and is now used as offices. He had ten sons and six daughters of whan we know the following.

Thomas baptised at All Hallows London 29 March 1612.Bevill.

Robert died unmarried in the Canaries. 4. Marmaduke baptised 1614, died in infancy. 5. Marmaduke baptised 1616, died in infancy. 6.7. Marmaduke baptised All Hallows London 29 August 1621. Elizabeth baptised All Hallows 9 April 1618, married Edmund Forster. 8. Martha baptised All Hallows 19 December 1622, married Thcrnas Williams of Leytonstone, Essex, 4th son of Sir Henry Williams. 9. Katherine baptised All Hallows 25 April 1624, married William Gamble, alias Binger of Leytonstone. Jane married Henry Crewe of Bristol, surveyor of customs. Their grave is in the chancel of Broxbourne parish church. She died in 1685. Elizabeth, baptised All Hallows 1 December 1613.

10.1.2.3. 29 -

THOOASRAWOON, the eldest son of Sir Marmaduke, was only ten years old when he was sent to Bordeaux to learn Latin and French. In 1624 he was studying at Trinity College, Cambridge. He then spent eight years in Portugal looking after his father's business interests. He married on 22 April 1642 Magdalen, daughter of Randolph Crewe of Hatcham Barnes, Kent, having three sons and two daughters. On 10 July 1643 he was commissioned as a captain of a troop of horse in the King's army and fought at the battles of Cheri ton in Hampshire and also at the seige of Basing House ~li th his father. In 1644 he was in Portugal again, this t~e to purchase supplies for the king returning to Padstow with a cargo of Saltpetre. A year later he was appointed Oonsul of Portugal at a salary of £1500 per year but unfortunately was unable to accept. After the treaty of the Isle of Wight he retired to Hoddesdon but was forced to leave the country and fled to Tenerife to join his brother and cousin, both named Marmaduke. Fram there he later sai led to Barbados and succeeded in recovering his father's plantation and estate. He made a voyage from Barbados to Leghorn and on his return passage he was captured by the Spaniards of Majorca in retaliation for one of their ships being taken by Cranwell -he was later released near Cadiz. After the restoration he sold the estates in Barbados and returned to England to the court of King Charles II. So many promises were made and unfulfilled that he eventually retired to his house at Hoddesdon. He died 1666 and was buried at Broxboume.

Mannaduke Rawdon, the sixth son, ffi3.rried in 1654 Sara the daughter of North of Hertford. I have no record of any children. He spent many years with his elder cousin also named Ma:rnladuke in the Canary Islands looking after the interests of Sir Marmaduke. which were ffi3.inl y concerned with the wine Canary Sack. He succeeded to the family estates at Hoddesdon 30

MARMADUKERAWDON, the third son of Lawrence, was a studious young boy and at one time was destined for the church at Barton in Lincolnshire, the living of which was in the patronage of his mother's father. At the age of sixteen however, his father died and he was adopted by his uncle Sir f\Brmaduke, who sent him to France to learn the wine trade. At the age of twenty one he was in Tenerife managing his uncle I s estates and \~s soon earning £1000 a year from the business he handled. He was able to purchase a gold chain, a gold hatband with emeralds and silver plate for his table. He made a number of voyages to England and travelled extensively throughout the country describing his journey from Falmouth to Broxbourne by coach -the inns -travelling companions with much supping of wine. He describes Bradford, Leeds and Halifax as thriving textile towns, Newark as having a fine castle, a garrison stationed at Scarborough castle, Stamford (1644) hardly recovered from the destruction during the wars of York and Lancaster, but still walled about. He visited the ancient house of Rawdon Hall where he met his kinsman Francis Ra\\don aged about 80 years.

Marmaduke spent a total of sixteen years in the Canary Islands, his absence was much resented during the uncertain days of the Civil War. After the battle of Marston l\'bor the vicar of Broxbourne wrote:

'Duke! Thou art safe in the Canaries whilst England's vexed with contraries. Thou has left us in the lurch, I am no vicar of a church. '

Whilst his family and friends in England were living in misery he was in Tenerife in peace and enjoyment in a pleasant climate, living in a princely house with more than an ample income. His talent for business gained for him a high reputation in the islands. Tb help the welfare of his fellow countrymen he appointed an English clergyman, and for the benefit of all the islanders an English doctor.

All good things come to an end, in 1656 due to the strained relations bet\veen Cranwell's England and Spain, the two Marmadukes were forced to leave. They returned to England during the winter of that year. The voyage was long and dangerous, rough weather quenching the galley fires so that no hot food was served for a week. The passengers had to be anned and ready to defend the vessel from attacks by pirates -Oastend sailors 31 -

who made a living from attacking and plundering merchant ships. They eventually made land fall at Dartmouth and were able to afford to hire a private coach and six from Exeter, arriving in London five days later.

Although Marrmduke enjoyed the ccxnpany of women, it is said that he was 'naturally averse to m3.rriage'. He remained single and made his home for the next thirteen years with his younger cousin Marmaduke, who did marry, and built a new house at Hoddesdon in 1667. During these years at Hoddesdon he wrote a menK>ir of the Rawdon family, a small volume seven inches by nine and a half inches with the Ra~on aImS on the binding front and back. The book was entitled 'Hoddesdon April Ann. Dam. 1667 A Brief Relation of the Ancient and WOrthy Family of Rawdon's of Rawdon in Yorkshire' Thoresby mentions the book as having thirteen portraits, some of them engraved by Mr White. Thirty c.oloured coats of anns of the Rawdon family with various quarterings and impalements and 173 pages of memoirs. At one time the book was in the care of Samuel Bagnall who married Elizabeth Rawdon. This book was seen by H.F. Killick in 1923 by the courtesy of the Earl of Loudoun, but my enquiry to the present Countess brought no response. '!he Bri tish Library and Museum do not have a copy ~ His other journals included one entitled' A Brief History of Cathedrals'.

In February 1668/9 whilst out riding at Hoddesdon, his horse took fright at sane dogs. He was thrown and broke his arm between the elbow and wrist. Later the same day he died sitting in a chair at his aunt I shouse' being the 6th day of February on Saturday in the evening about five of the clock'. He was buried two \'.'eeks later at Broxbourne church with a black m3.rble stone over him, with his coats of arms and inscription in stone. In 1989 I visited Broxbourne but could find no trace of this monument. The monument was known to have been in existence in 1863, it was a m3.rble slab in the chancel of the church bearing this inscription:

'Gloriosae Resurrectionis Fiducia Hac in Urna se Repsui t Marmaduke Rawdon, filius Laurenth Rawdon civit, Eboraci Vir tam genere quam ingenio clarus, In deumpius, in proximum charus, In affines camis, in egenos liberalis, Tam exteris quam suis notus, et ab utrisque dilectus, Qui ultra 58 Aetatis suae annum expirans caelebs Hinc migravit ad caelum, Feb. 7, 1668. 32 -

In his will, which was proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 19 February 1668, he left money for the purchase of a chain to be worn by the Mayors of the city of York in succession, also money for the purchase of houses near St Crux in York to be pulled down, and a cross or shelter to be built for the market, also he left to the city his drinking cup of pure gold. The cross was built in 1671 and demolished some time about 1813. St Crux still exists but no longer a church.

In 1863 a portion of the cross was in the care of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society with the inscription 'Marmaduke Rawdon deceased son of Laurence Rawdon late Alderman of this city, was founder of this cross. Erected in Ye Mayoralty of William Richardson in year 1671 finished in Ye Mayoralty of Sir Henry Thomas junior Knt., in ye year 1672.' 33 -

We n~v return to the farnil y of Thomas Rawdon, the eldest son of Sir l'1arm3.duke. He had four sons and two daughters.

Marmaduke who succeeded to Hoddesdon, married Hester, daughter of Abraham Corsellis, a London merchant. She died 7 July 1719 aged 76 years and he on 30 CX::tober 1681, both buried in the nave of Broxbourne parish church. Thomas, baptised at Great Amwell, Herts, 31 May 1647, died an infant. Thomas, baptised at Great Amwell, Herts, 29 December 1650, died unmarried. George who obtained fram the crown grants of lands in the West Indies and became a judge in the island of Jamaica, 1680 -1690. At this time his name was spel t 'Radon'. He died in 1731 leaving two sons and two daughters. Elizabeth who married Christopher Sparke of the Inner Temple. 6. Magdalen.

Marmaduke and Hester I s children were:

Marnaduke Ra~on of Colchester who Imrried ~rothy, daughter of John Freeman of Colchester. He died 1752. 2. Magdalen who Imrried George Lessons (Lysons) on 27 August 1696 at Lincoln's Inn Chapel. Hester, Imrried Robert Plomer, she died 1756, he in 1740. Elizabeth who IMrried Samuel Bagnall of London on 9 February 1702 at St Bride's. She died 12 December 1712 aged 33 years and is buried in the nave of Broxbourne parish church.

In his diary, Thoresby writes that in 1712 Samuel Bagnall was in possession of the memoires written by Marneduke Ra~on.

George, the fourth son of 'n1OO1ashad the following children. At the present time I do not know the name of his wife.

James, his eldest son was born in 1708 and died 1771 leaving two daughters, M:lry, born 1739, died unmarried, Elizabeth, born 1741, married Richard Gordon and died childless in 1825.

John, the second son, became head of this branch of the family. He was born in 1718 and died in 1785. He married in 1749 Susanna Walker and left: George, his heir, born 1750, he died in 1811, having married twice, first

3.4.1.2.3.4.5. 34

in 1781 to Grace waldron Smith, and had issue -Susanna born 1785, Mary born 1786, John born 1788 and Elizabeth. By his second wife Angelina Fearon he had: Henry, born 1803, was educated at Harrow, married a Miss Lord and died in 1835 leaving one daughter, and Frances born 1805 and died unmarried in 1836. John, the eldest son of George \vas educated atWestminster, died in 1861. He was twice married, first in 1809 to Eliza Ludford by whan he had a daughter, Ann Mitchel Rawdon. Ann married in 1831 Edward Lovell, son of Lovell Lovell of Chilcote, Somerset. John married for the second time Mary Ann Mackenzie and had John, born 1816, Elizabeth Gordon, born 1824, she died in 1826, George Arthur, born 1826 died 1833, and Charlotte, born 1828, died 1828.

John (1816) was educated at Eton, joined the 16th Lancers in 1834 and served as Captain in the 3rd Dragoon Guards also in the 44th Foot Regiment. He married in 1846 Frances, the third daughter of Mr Thomas and Lady Eleanor Feathersonhaugh. Their son George Seaforth Rawdon vias born in 1847, he was an officer in the 'Royal' regiment.

List of Rawdon Portraits at one time in the collection of Sir Mark Masterman Sykes of Sledrnere. The collection was sold at Auction in March 1824:

Lawrence Rawdon, Alderm3.n of York, by A Hertocks Marm3.duke Rawdon, son of Lawrence, by R White Robert Rawdon, Governor of St Thomas I s Hospital, by A Hertocks

Lady Elizabeth Rawdon, wife of Sir Mannaduke, by R White Thcm3S Ravldon, eldest son of Sir f-.1anreduke, by R White Manreduke Rawdon, 2nd son of Sir Manreduke, by R White 7. Katherine Bowyer, daughter of Sir Marm3.duke, by R White 8.9. Martha ~~illiams, daughter of Sir Marm3.duke, by R White Elizabeth Rawdon, wife of William Rawdon, by R White Sara Rawdon, wife of M3nreduke Rawdon, by R White

6.1.10.2.3.4.5. -35 -

FRANCIS RAWDONMOIRA CROZIERwas born in 1796 at Banbridge, Northern Ireland, but unfortunately the records for the years in the later 1700's are missing so it is not possible to prove a relationship. He was a captain in the Royal Navy and was second in coomand of the ill-fated expedition to discover the North west Passage commanded by Franklin. In 1857 Sir Leopold McClinteck found under a cairn of stones on King William I s land a document giving the date of Franklin I s death at 11 June 1847. It is certain that Crozier and the rem::iinder of the crews died about the same time. In 1989 three of the bodies were removed fran their icey graves by a Canadian team of pathologists and tests showed lead poisoning as contributory cause of death. About the time of the expedition the process for canning food had been discovered -the seams of the tins were sealed with lead solder. There is a public statue to Crozier, the navigator in Church Square, Banbridge, also a Tablet to his memory in the. Parish Church.

Ra~on Township is part of Hastings County in Ontario, Canada. It was not until twenty four years after the British victory over the French that the Government allowed settlement in Upper Canada. Many Loyalists came frOOl USA and settled west of Kingston in the Hay Bay district and were granted crown lands. Later sane of these settlers, together with second generation loyalists, fi¥:)vedwestward to the Belleville region so gradually the area to the north was divided into Townships, Ra~on in 1797, Hungerford 1820 and Huntingdon in 1850 -the district was named Hastings.

The Loyalists who had fought the rebels in the American War of Independence were given generous grants of land -each man who had been a private soldier was granted 100 acres on the river front in addition he was allotted 200 acres some distance fram the river.

I A Backward Glance I a history of Rawdon Tbwnship was published in 1977 as a resul t of a project known as Young Canada Wbrks 1238 -RK2 sponsored by the Canadian Government. 36

JOHN DAWSONRAWDON was born in 1804: ensign in the 79th Foot Regiment as from 12 December 1822; Lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards from 10 June 1826; Captain from 15 November 1833 -placed on half pay 13 May 1842 - Lieutenant General from 15 November 1861. He was a member of the Nulli Secundus Club in 1829. He died at 34 Prince I s Gate, London, 5 May 1866.

The Rhenish Tbwer, Lynmouth was originally a small tower on the harbour wall to act as a guide to fishermen. The General enlarged it in 1855 to store sea water for the supply of saltwater baths by pipes to his house 'Clooneavin' .In 1860 he added an ornamental top, making the tower a replica of one he had seen in a painting. Clooneavin was sold on 31 May 1866 and has since been demolished. The Tbwer stood until its destruction in the Lynrnouth Flood of August 1952. It was rebuilt in 1954.

BarREAUX william de Botreaux of Boscastle, Cornwall, m3rried Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Ralph Daubenny by Katherine his first wife, who was the sister and c0- heiress of Thomas 4th Lord Thweng. His son William m3rried Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John St Lo of Newton St Lo, Somerset.

His son William by his first wife Elizabeth, who was the daughter of John 4th Baron Beaumont, had an only daughter and heiress. She married Robert 2nd Lord Hungerford.

The Barony of Botreaux fell into abeyance on the death of the 4th Marquis of Hastings, and was terminated on 6 November 1871 in favour of his eldest sister Edith Maud Abney Hastings. It again fell into abeyance on the death, 17 May 1920, of her son the 19th of Hastings. The abeyance of the Baronies of Hastings and Botreaux was terminated by letters patent on 23 February 1921 in favour of his niece, Edith Maud, who succeeded him as Countess of Loudoun . 37

HUNGERFORD

Walter, son of Sir Thomas Hungerford of Fairleigh and Wellow, Somerset and of Haytesbury in Wiltshire, Chief Steward to John of Gaunt, was Speaker of Parliament in 1414 so becoming Lord Hungerford. He died 9 August 1449. His son Robert married Margaret, eventual heiress of William Lord Botreaux. Robert died 18 May 1459 and buried in Salisbury Cathedral. His son Robert narried Eleanor, daughter of Lord de fl.bleyns, thus uniting Hungerford with de fl.bleyns. Robert was beheaded after the battle of Hexham (1464) also buried in Salisbury Cathedral. Robert I s son Thomas married Anne, daughter of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. In 1469 he was hanged, then drawn and quartered at Bemerton near Salisbury. Thomas's daughter Mary narried Edward Lord Hastings, thus uniting the baronies of Botreaux, Hungerford and De Moleyns with that of Hastings.

DE tvt)LEYNS

John de r-bleyns s~ned to Parliament 18 February 1347, becOOling wrd John, married Egidia, daughter of John Mauduit of Somerford, Wiltshire. His son William married Margaret Bacon, their son Richard was succeeded in turn by his son William who died 8 July 1425. William's son William married Anne, daughter of James Whalesborough and died 8 May 1429 leaving a daughter Alianora, who married Robert 3rd wrd Hungerford. 'nle Baronies of de l"bleyns and Hungerford then devolved on the issue of their marriage and were later united with Hastings. 'nlese Baronies fell into abeyance on the death of the fourth Marquis of Hastings. 'nle abeyance was terminated in 1871 in favour of Edith Maud Abney Hastings, Countess of wudoun. 'nley again fell into abeyance on the death of her son, the 19th Baron Hastings 17 May 1920. 'nle abeyance of de l"bleyns and Hungerford was again terminated 23 February 1921 in favour of Elizabeth Frances Rawdon-Hastings, died 1974, Viscountess St David. -38

MOELS

John de Moels of NOrton Cadbury, Somerset, summoned to Parliament 6 February 1298/9, married a daughter of Lord Grey of Ruthin. His son succeeded as th Baron and married Joane, daughter of Sir Richard Lovel of Castle Carey, Somerset. On his death the barony fell into abeyance between his two daughters: 1. Muriel who married Sir Thomas Courtenay had two daughters, the eldest of whom married Sir Thomas peverel, their daughter married the 1st Lord Hungerford. 2. Isabel, who married William Botreaux, father of the 1st Lord Botreaux. Thus one moiety of this barony and half of the other moiety eventually devolved on the family of Hastings.

Jestyn Reginald Austen Plantagenet Philipps, 2nd , born 19 February 1917. His father was the 1st Baron St Davids, died 1938, his mother Lady Elizabeth Frances Ra~on-Hastings. His paternal grandfather was the Rev Sir James Philipps, 12 Bart of Picton, Pembrokeshire (three of his sons were 1st Viscount St Davids, Lord Milford and Lord Kylsant. Jestyn died 10 June 1991 (74 yrs) nephew of the Countess of Loudoun. He married in 1938 Doreen Guinness Jowett fram Australia (dissolved 1954), one son and four daughters; second in 1954 (dissolved 1959) Elizabeth Wblfei third in 1959 Evelyn Harris, heir Colwyn Jestyn John Philipps born 1939.

THWENG

Marmaduke, 2nd son of M:irmaduke Thweng of Kilton Castle, Cleveland which was then part of Yorkshire, was summonedto parliament 22 February 1306/7. He married Isabel, daughter of de Ros of Igmanthorpe, Co York, and died in 1323. On the death of the last of his three sons the barony fell into and remains in abeyance between the descendants of his three sisters, Katherine the youngest married Sir Ralph Daubeny, whose daughter Elizabeth married William 1st lord Botreaux.

STANLEY

Thomas the 2nd Baron Stanley was created 1485 after the battle of Bosworth. He married Eleanor 4th daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. Their son George married John, only daughter of John Lord Strange 39

of Knokin. Their son Thomas Stanley (2nd Earl) succeeded in the Baronies of Mohun of Dunster and Strange of Knokin. Thomas married Anne, daughter of Edward 2nd Baron Hastings. The two Baronies, together with Stanley, descended with the Earldon of Derby until the death 16 April 1594 of the 5th Earl of Derby. They fell into abeyance between his three daughters, one of whom married George the 4th Earl of Huntingdon. The abeyance of the Barony of Stanley was terminated 23 February 1921 in favour of Edith Maud, Countess of Loudoun, the daughter of Paulyn Francis Cuthbert Rawdon Hastings The abeyance of the Barony of Strange of Knokin was terminated on the same date in favour of her sister Elizabeth Frances, viscountess St Davids.

LOUOOUN

The Carnpbells, Earls of Loudoun, trace their descent fran James de Loudoun, Baron of Loudoun confirmed by King William .I in 1190.

TARRINZEAN AND MAUCHLlNE

The Earl of Loudoun, Lord Tarrinzean and Mauchline was one of the Camlissioners of the Scottish Army under King Charles I. A warrant for his execution (not carried out) was issued in consequence of a letter from Loudoun to the King of Spain asking for assistance. He died 15 March 1663. His eldest son, James, died at Leyden in 1684. He married Margaret Montgomery 2nd daughter of Henry 7th Earl of Eglinton was succeeded by his son Hugh the 3rd Earl and John the 4th Earl his grandson. John served in the Royal Scots Greys in 1732, was Governor of Stirling Castle April 1741, Aide-de-Camp to George II July 1743 He served during the American War of Independence also during the war with Spain 1762. He died unmarried 27 April 1782 and was succeeded by his cousin James Mure Campbell. James, born 11 February 1726, was Member of Parliament for Ayreshire 1754-61, Colonel in the army 19 February 1762 and Major General 19 October 1781. He married 30 April 1777 Flora, daughter of John Macleod of Raasay, she died in September 1780 and he at Loudoun Castle 28 April 1786. Their only child, Flora Muir, born August 1780, succeeded her father at the age of six. She married 12 July 1804, Francis Rawdon Hastings, being given 40 -

away by the Prince Regent. She died at Kelkern Castle 8 January 1840. On her death the Earldom of Loudoun passed with the marquisate of Hastings until the death of the 4th Marquis when the Scottish titles passed to the eldest sister.

GREY OF RUI'HIN

The 1st Baron, Roger, son of John Lord Grey of Wilton, was sUImlOnedto Parliament 10 October 1325. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John, Lord Hastings of Abergavenny.

Their son Reynold married Alianore, daughter of Sir Roger Le Strange of Knokin.

Their son Reynold (bearer of the Great Spurs) = Margaret, daughter of Thomas, Lord Ros (Roos) of Helmsley.

Their son John = Constance, daughter of John Holland, Duke of Exeter.

Their son Edmund, created Earl of Kent 30 May 1465 = Catherine, daughter of Henry Percy, 2nd Ear1 of Northumberland.

Their son George = Catherine, daughter of William Herbert, 1st Earl ofPembroke.

Their son Henry = Ann, daughter of John Blennerhasset.

Their son Henry = Margaret, daughter of John St John.

Their son Charles = Susan, daughter of Sir Richard Ootton

Their daughter Susan = Sir Michael Longueville

Their son Charles Longueville = Frances, daughter of Edward Nevill

Their daughter Susan = Sir Henry Yelverton Bt. 41

Their son Henry was created Viscount Longueville 21 April 1690, he carried the gilt spurs at the coronation of James II, William and Mary, and Queen Ann. He married Barbra, daughter of Sir John Talbot.

Their son Talbot Yelverton, created Earl of Sussex 26 September 1717 daughter of Henry Pelham.

'!heir son Henry = Hester, daughter of John Hall. On his death the Viscounty of Longueville and the Earldom of Sussex became extinct.

Their daughter Barbara = Edward Thornton Gould at Gretna Green in 1775, 1 bride having eloped fram an inn at Barnet. The Barony of Grey of Ruthin then devolved on their son Henry Edward Gould, a grandson of the last Ea.J of Sussex.

Henry took the surname Yelverton 21 February 1800, he m3.rried 21 June 1809 Anna Maria, daughter of William Kelham of Ryton on Dunsmore, Co Warwick. He died 29 CX::tober 1810 and was succeeded by his only daughter Barbara who married George Augustus Rawdon Hastings, the 2nd Marquis of Hastings. The barony fell into abeyance on the death of the 4th Marquis and was tenninated 29 February 1885 in favour of Bertha Lelgarde Rawdon Hastings. She died 15 December 1887, her husband, Augustus wykenham Clifton, died 9 May 1915. Their son Rawdon George Grey Clifton, born 14 May 1848, succeeded. He was appointed to carry one of the gold spurs at the coronation of Edward VII and . He married 1 September 1892 Evelyn Isobel, daughter of James Foster of Cranborne Hall, Windsor Forest, and died 31 August 1912 without surviving issue. His brother Cecil Talbot Clifton succeeded as the 24th Baron Grey of Ruthin, he was born 9 January 1862. 42

In 1774 the 1st Earl of Moira wrote a letter as follows, but unfortunately the addressee is not known.

Monta1tor near Ba11ynahinch 24 Sepr 1774

sr

I have this post the favor of your obliging letter relative to some family prints, I send you in the enclosed the best account I can collect, I have eight plates and no more, if your friend desires to have impressions of them, he shall have as many as he chooses, as to others, I have no plates or Duplicates.

There is no printed account that I know of of our family except what appears in Lodges Peerage; which is so far exact, the remainder I have in Manuscript, May I beg leave to ask who Mr Brindley is & whether he be engaged in any work where such prints nay be of use:

Lady rvk}ira is much obliged to you for your kind enquiry & t s begs you to accp her CCX11p

I am Sr with great regard Your roost obed. humble t Serv r.'K)IRA (Sir John Ra~on) -43 -

I have the Plates of the following Heads in my possession, graved by White , sane by Faber -

RJ.g . hton. H ble SJ.r . George Ra wd on Ba r. t ... Dorothea his wife, Daugh.'" of Lord Visc Conway - 3. Sr Arthur his son - 4.5.6.Helena7.8. his wife, Daugh.r of Sr James Graham t Sr John Ra~on Bar.

Do th h ' Of r f o h d. t ro ea 1S Wl e, D. 0 Sr R1C. Lev1nge Bar. Sr John, the present Earl of Moira. Helena his wife, Dau. r of John Earl of Egmont -

his present wife, D.r of the Earl of Huntingdon is not graved.

1.2. 44

I have the following prints in an old Manuscp~ acc~ of the family but never had another set nor do I know where the Plates are, they were once in the custody of Sr. Marmaduke Rawdon of Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire.

Laurence Rawdon Esq. son of Ralph 1569. Robert RawdonEsq. son of Ralph 1569. Sr. r.'E.rrnadukeRawdon, Governor of Basing and Farringdon under Charles I 1582. Lady Elizabeth his wife. Mrs Bowyer Laytonstone, in Essex, Daughter to Sr Marmaduke - 6. Mrs Williams of Gwernent in Brecknockshir.e, another Daughter of his. Col: Thos Rawdon son to Sr. M3.rm3.dukeenvoy to John the 4 of Portugal from Charles the first. 8. Marmaduke Rawdon Esq. son of Laurence Rawdon of York 1609. 9.10.11.William12. 13.Rawdon Esq. of Bermondsey in Surrey 1619. Elizabeth is wife. M3.rm3.dukeRawdon Esq. of Hoddesdon 2nd son of - Sr. M3.rm3.dukeborn 1621. Sarah is wife Dr. of Edward North Esq. of Marden in Hertfordshire.

1.4.5.7.2.3. 45

ADDENDUM

Rawdon House, Hoddesdon, Herts, built by the first Sir Marmaduke Rawdon in 1622 is now divided into offices. It is brick built with stone facings on the corners, gables are rounded rather in the Dutch style. Inside there is a carved wooden staircase which appears to have been added during the reign of Victoria. On the ground floor there is a fireplace with the Rawdon coat of arms over. Outside the panel on the front gable bears the date 1622. This appears to have been placed there in 1879. At one time there was some wood panelling but this has been removed some time ago to a house at Harpenden. There is a plaque attached to the outside wall which states that Sir Marmaduke was responsible for the water supply to Hoddesden, nany years ago the water supply came from a carved figure attached to a pump. Sir Marmaduke narried Sarah North, daughter of Edward North from the Manor of Marden in Tewin, Herts (near Welwyn Garden City).' His nephew, also Marmaduke, wrote 'Notes of Life in 17th Century' which is now in the BritishMuseum. The house had a victorian wing added in 1880.

Wblfe Tbne by Marianne Elliot Y U P 1989

Francis Rawdon was typical of the kind of Politico-Military figure with whan 'Ibne frequently identified. He had fought with distinction in the American War, a friend of the Prince of Wales and a prominent English Wig. He was a major spokesman for Ireland in the British Parliament.

In August 1793 Tone sent Francis Rawdon a memorandumon the situation in Ireland, asking him to bring it to the attention of his political friends in London. Tones 3rd child was christened Francis Rawdon after Lord r-bira who stood as Godfather.

In 'A History of the Church of St Oswald Guiseley' by R G Rawnsley and A Dobson 1964, there is a plan of the church showing the extensions made to the north side in 1909. Prior to 1909 the north trasept is shown as the Rawdon Chapel. The only piece remaining now of the chapel is a stone pediment which is now over the west door of the present nave. The church was re pewed in 1833. A plan of the church dated 1831 shows two sections of pews in the north transept designated to the Marquis of Hastings. In the western window on the north side wall at the bottom is the only piece of glass in the church of the 17th century. It was originally in the Rawdon Chapel, the arms depicted are of the Rawdon family. -46

Information on Rawdon taken fram 'Stanhope, Atkinson, Haddon and Shaw' Four North Country Families by Hugh Own 1985 printed for privatecirculation.

Jane Stanhope, the second daughter of John (1522-1593) and Margaret (died 1618) .Stanhope of Horsforth married 1st Robert Booth of Boothtown near Halifax and 2nd in 1602 widower George Rawdon of Ra~on. They had t~ sons and three daughters, Alice, Dorothy and Anne. Anne, born 1603, died unmarried in 1650. The eldest son Walter, born 1605, was killed before 1634 when serving in the SWedish army in Germany during the 30 years war. The younger son, Joseph, 1607-1653, was a merchant in London trading with Spain. Joseph and his wife Rose (Wright) lived in Lisson Green in the village of Marybone (Marylebone). Joseph died ther~ in 1653, his wife was pregnant at the time. Wills at Record Office dated Joseph 1653 and Rose 1660. At the time of the death of Rose, only daughters Mary and Anne are recorded.

George Rawdon's granddaughter by his first marriage, Anne (1606-1637) was married in 1628/9 to Jane Stanhope's nephew John Stanhope (1608-1675). Anne was the eldest daughter of Francis and Dorothy Rawdon, she was baptised at Calverley 9 January 1606. Anne's parents lived to a great age, there was at one time a memorial to them in Guiseley church recording in Latin that they had been married for 57 years.

John, a lawyer, and Anne lived at Fulwood Place, London (between High Holborn and Gray's Inn). All six of their children were baptised at Horsforth. As a result of his relationship to George Rawdon, John became steward of Lord Conway's estates of Killultagh and Felough near Lisburn in Northern Ireland. He was brother-in-law to Sir George.

Sir Arthur Rawdon had a London house in the north corner of King's Square at Soho, now Soho Square.

Miss Elizabeth Rawdon lived at Blackhouse Oourt next to Ooventry House in the Haymarket, London. 47

Parish Records:

Marriage Bradford George Rawdon to Jane Booth nee Stanhope 15 June 1602.

Baptism Calverley Anne Dau of Francis Rawdon 19 January 1605/6. " Gu.iseley Anne Rawdon dau of George/Jane Stanhope 3 April 1603. " Guiseley Walter son of George Rawdon 7 April 1605. " Guiseley Joseph son of George Rawdon 22 November 1607.

Burials Guise1ey George Rawdon 15 May 1624. " Guise1ey Hannay Rawdon of Horseworth dau of George/Jane 26 August 1650. " Guise1ey Mistress Rawdon of Horsforth nee Jane Stanhope 28 March 1648.

A ChrisOOl child was one who died before baptism. The ChrisOOl cloth intended for the baptism was used as a shroud for burial.

S C Rawdon January 1990 48

Sources of Information:

The Life of Marmaduke Rawdon of York edited by R Davies -Camden Society 1863. The Pocket Venus 1966. The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal volume 25. Rawdon and it's History -pallister 1914. History of the Ancient Parish of Guiseley -Slater 1880. Copy of letter from Lord Moira dated 24 September 1774 with a list of Engravings. Extract from the Dictionary of National Biography vol 47 -Sir George Rawdon. Rawdon of Rawdon County York Dublin 1870. Notes on Rawdon Hall and the Rawdon family -Killick 1923. Two extracts from the early history of St John's Church Moira entitled The Rawdon Family and the Earls of Moira. The English in Ireland -J A Froude 1886. . The Story of Ashby de la Zouche -W Scott 1907. The Book of Ashby de la Zouche -Kenneth Hillier 1984. The Year of Liberty -'Ihomas Pakenham 1969. Frozen in Time -Owen Beattie. Hastings of Hastings R J Beevor 1931.

Stan Rawdon Hursl eyhire Hamps April 1990