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Canterbury Christ Church University's Repository of Research Outputs Http Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. Alshanqiti, L. (2018) A qualitative study of leadership in Saudi Arabian early childhood education: influential factors and critical challenges. Ph.D. thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University. Contact: [email protected] A Qualitative Study of Leadership in Saudi Arabian Early Childhood Education: Influential Factors and Critical Challenges By Lubna Alameen Alshanqiti Canterbury Christ Church University Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Education July 2018 A Qualitative Study of Leadership in Saudi Arabian Early Childhood Education: Influential Factors and Critical Challenges Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND DIAGRAMS ............................................................................ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. 5 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... 7 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 8 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 8 1.1.1 Overview of Leadership .................................................................................................. 8 1.1.2 Research Objectives ...................................................................................................... 10 1.1.3 Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 10 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH CONTEXT ................................................................................ 11 1.2.1 Socio-demographic ....................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Social & Institutional Structure .................................................................................... 11 1.2.3 Education Stages ........................................................................................................... 14 1.2.4 The importance of Education in Saudi Arabia .............................................................. 15 1.2.5 Early Childhood Education in Saudi Arabia ................................................................ 19 1.2.6 Women in Leadership.................................................................................................... 22 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH ................................................................ 23 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................... 24 1.5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 25 2 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 26 2.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 26 2.2 UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP ............................................................................................... 26 2.2.1 Leadership and Management ........................................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Leadership Constructs .................................................................................................. 30 2.2.3 The Shift of Leadership in 21st Century ......................................................................... 34 2.2.4 Leadership in Early Childhood Education: .................................................................. 35 2.3 UNDERSTANDING PEDAGOGY ................................................................................................. 40 2.4 UNDERSTANDING PEDAGOGICAL LEADERSHIP ....................................................................... 45 2.4.1 What is Pedagogical Leadership? ................................................................................ 46 2.4.2 Factors which influence leadership: ............................................................................. 53 2.4.3 Challenges facing pedagogical leaders ........................................................................ 62 2.5 THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................. 70 2.6 RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH: .............................................................................................. 74 2.7 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS .................................................................................................... 75 2.8 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 75 3 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 77 3.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 77 3.2 NATURE OF THE RESEARCH .................................................................................................... 77 3.3 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY ......................................................................................................... 78 1 A Qualitative Study of Leadership in Saudi Arabian Early Childhood Education: Influential Factors and Critical Challenges 3.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 81 3.5 RESEARCH METHODS .............................................................................................................. 83 3.5.1 Interviews ...................................................................................................................... 84 3.5.2 Access ............................................................................................................................ 86 3.5.3 Research sample ........................................................................................................... 86 3.5.4 Secondary data .............................................................................................................. 90 3.6 RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................. 90 3.7 LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 91 3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................................... 91 3.9 TRUSTWORTHINESS ................................................................................................................ 92 3.10 THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCHER .............................................................................................. 93 3.11 DATA ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................... 93 3.12 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 95 4 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS .................................................................................................. 97 4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 97 4.2 PEDAGOGICAL FACTORS: ....................................................................................................... 97 4.2.1 Personal factors ............................................................................................................ 98 4.2.2 Leadership related factors ............................................................................................ 99 4.2.3 Communication with staff ........................................................................................... 103 4.2.4 The sense of responsibility .......................................................................................... 105 4.2.5 Internal – motto ........................................................................................................... 105 4.2.6 Context where leadership operates ............................................................................. 106 4.3 KEY CHALLENGES LEADERS FACE IN ECE IN KSA .............................................................. 107 4.3.1 Social challenges........................................................................................................
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