Comparison of Helicopter Engines

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Comparison of Helicopter Engines John Schenderlein, Tyler Clayton Turboshafts...What are they? • Needed for high power in a small envelope • Very similar to turboprops • many turboshafts derived from turboprop engines • However, • exhaust is not used to propel • propeller load is applied to the airframe • Began ~1950s Main Uses • Helicopters • APUs • Marine Vehicles CH-53 Super Stallion • Tanks • Motorcycles • industrial power generation M1 Abrams MTT Superbike Major Players in the Market Turbomeca • French Manufacturer for small/medium turboshafts (500-3000 shp) • 18000+ in operation • Most popular engine: Arriel (600-1000 shp) • 30 variants • 245 lbs • SFC = 0.57 • 1 axial/1 Centrifugal compressor (PR ~9) • 2 HPT/1 FPT turbine Turbomeca • Newest Engine: Arrano (2018) • 10-15% increase SFC • new thermodynamic core & use of variable pitch inlet guide blades • Uses additive manufacturing for injectors Rolls-Royce • Most popular engine: M250 Series • inherited from Allison Engine Company (1990s) • 31000+ produced (50%+ in operation) • 450-715 shp • 160-275 lbs • 4-6 axial/1 centrifugal compressor (PR 6-9) • 2 HPT/2 FPT • Also used on the MTT Superbike RQ-8A Fire Scout Allison Engines (Rolls Royce) • Most noteable engine: T406 • Build specifically for the V-22 Osprey • 6150 shp • 971 lbs (6.33 p/w) • 14 axial compressor stages! Pratt and Whitney Canada • Canadian based subsidiary of PW • focuses on smaller aircraft engines • Majority of their engines based on the PT6 turboprop • PT6B/C series and the PT6T Twin-Pac (1000-2000 shp) • 3-4 axial/1 centrifugal • SFC 0.59 • 2 HPT/2 FPT • PT6T uses two PT6A engines combining gearbox • Popular among Bell 412/212 helicopters GE Aviation • Entered aviation industry w/ production of super/turbochargers • First turboshaft: T58 • 1250-1870 shp • SFC = .39 • 10 axial (PR 8.3) & 2 HPT/1 FPT • Used on Marine One • Major seller today: T700/CT7 • 1900-2600 shp • 5 axial/1 centrifugal (PR18) • AH-64 Apache engine GE Aviation Con’t • Newest Engine: GE38 (upgrade to the T64) • Designed for heavy lifting • 7500 shp (57% increase) • SFC: ~.39 (18% increase) • 63% fewer parts • sand tolerant/corrosion resistant compressor(TiN coating) • improved inlet particle separators w/ CFD http://tx.technion.ac.il/~jetlab/9aijes/2%20- • CMC’s used in turbine %20Helicopter%20Engine%20Technology%20Pit ch_v6.pdf • Fills a gap in the marketnot many engines 6000+ to 10000 shp range Textron Lycoming • Put the first turbine engine into a helicopter: UH-1 • Now makes the powerful T55 for the US Chinook twin rotor helicopter Turboshafts of a Different Era • Soloviev Design Bureau • Responsible for one of the most powerful turboshaft engines ever (D-136) • Klimov Experimental Design Bureau • Produced the TV3-117 engine • Powered 95% of Russian Helicopters - used throughout the developing world Conclusions & Comparisons • Almost all use a 2 spool design with usually 2 HPT and 2 FPT • exceptions: • smaller use 1 HPT/1 FPT • large use 2 HPT/3 FPT • Most use a combo of Axial/Centrifugal compressors • SFC • New engines: 0.39-0.42 kg/kW/hr • Older engine: 0.5-0.6 kg/kW/hr.

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Comparison of Helicopter Turboshaft Engines
Comparison of Helicopter Turboshaft Engines John Schenderlein1, and Tyler Clayton2 University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80304 Although they garnish less attention than their flashy jet cousins, turboshaft engines hold a specialized niche in the aviation industry. Built to be compact, efficient, and powerful, turboshafts have made modern helicopters and the feats they accomplish possible. First implemented in the 1950s, turboshaft geometry has gone largely unchanged, but advances in materials and axial flow technology have continued to drive higher power and efficiency from today's turboshafts. Similarly to the turbojet and fan industry, there are only a handful of big players in the market. The usual suspects - Pratt & Whitney, General Electric, and Rolls-Royce - have taken over most of the industry, but lesser known companies like Lycoming and Turbomeca still hold a footing in the Turboshaft world. Nomenclature shp = Shaft Horsepower SFC = Specific Fuel Consumption FPT = Free Power Turbine HPT = High Power Turbine Introduction & Background Turboshaft engines are very similar to a turboprop engine; in fact many turboshaft engines were created by modifying existing turboprop engines to fit the needs of the rotorcraft they propel. The most common use of turboshaft engines is in scenarios where high power and reliability are required within a small envelope of requirements for size and weight. Most helicopter, marine, and auxiliary power units applications take advantage of turboshaft configurations. In fact, the turboshaft plays a workhorse role in the aviation industry as much as it is does for industrial power generation. While conventional turbine jet propulsion is achieved through thrust generated by a hot and fast exhaust stream, turboshaft engines creates shaft power that drives one or more rotors on the vehicle.
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