“Ours Will Not Go”: A History of the Olympic Boycott of 1980
Interviewer: Matt Petraites Interviewee: Glenn Mills Instructor: Mr. David Brandt
14 February 2012
Table of Contents
Page
Interviewer Release Form……………………………………………………………..2
Interviewee Release Form………………………………………………………….....3
Statement of Purpose………………………………………………………………….4
Biography……………………………………………………………………………..5
Historical Contextualization Paper……………………………………………………7
Interview Transcription………………………………………………………………19
Audio Time Indexing Log……………………………………………………………57
Interview Analysis……………………………………………………………………59
Works Consulted……………………………………………………………………..64
Appendix……………………………………………………………………………..68
Statement of Purpose
The purpose of interviewing Glenn Mills, an Olympic swimmer, was to determine the impact of the 1980 Olympic boycott from the athlete’s perspective, and to determine the role politics play in the Olympics. Examining the boycott from an athlete’s perspective provides evidence as to how the boycott impacted the athletes. The interview also underscores how Glenn
Mills was able to turn the boycott into something positive in his life.
Biography
Glenn Mills was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania on November 21, 1961; however, for the majority of his childhood he lived in North Ridgeville, Ohio. When Mr. Mills was young, one of his two older brothers, Kyle, was diagnosed with Osteogenic Sarcoma, more commonly known as bone cancer. Shortly after the diagnosis, Kyle died, which caused Mr. Mills to become more dedicated to swimming. Mr. Mills moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to train with a more superior swim team. Throughout his life Mr. Mills also lived in Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Cleveland, Ohio;
New Paltz, New York; Stevensville, Maryland; and New York, New York. His time in
Tuscaloosa was spent at the University of Alabama, where he earned a Bachelor’s Degree in
Communications.
Near the end of his senior year in high school, Mr. Mills won first place in the Ohio High
School Championships, where he broke the National High School record in the 100 breaststroke.
Shortly after graduating from high school, Mr. Mills participated in the swimming portion of the
1980 Olympic Trials, won first place in the 200 breaststroke, and earned a spot on the 1980 U.S.
Olympic Team. Although the United States did not attend the summer Olympics in 1980, due to the U.S. boycott of the Moscow Olympics Mr. Mills, and the rest of the Olympic Team, received
the Congressional Gold Medal of Achievement for the sacrifice of not participating in the games, although it was not their choice.
During his college career in swimming, Mr. Mills was a member of the 1982 USA World
Championship Team, and he was the 1983 NCAA Champion in the 200 breaststroke. Mr. Mills was inducted into the University of Alabama Swimming Hall of Fame, the Cincinnati Marlin
Swimming Hall of Fame, and the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame. Since swimming in his youth, Mr. Mills has been coaching and teaching swimming for 25 years, and has also created, and is president, of GoSwim Productions, which successfully provides a line of DVDs featuring some of the world’s greatest swimmers demonstrating helpful drills.
Mr. Mills enjoys anything to do with swimming, playing guitar, and watching Formula 1
Racing. He has worked at more than 150 swimming camps and clinics and enjoys helping swimmers improve by coaching, teaching, and creating instructional videos through GoSwim.
Mr. Mills currently lives in Manhattan with his wife Rachel Stratton-Mills, who is the head coach of Asphalt Green Unified Aquatics (AGUA). He has two children, Samantha and
Kyle.
“Ours Will Not Go”:
A History of the Olympic Boycott of 1980
The Olympic Creed reads, “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well” (Greenspan 15). However, in the summer of 1980, the U.S. Olympic athletes would not be allowed to take part due to a U.S. boycott of the games in Moscow. Only a total of 80 countries were represented in Moscow, which is about one third less than the number that had attended the games in Munich eight years prior. The reason for the boycott was the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The United States had been in a Cold War with the Soviet Union, so this new communist action further antagonized the United States, who was the leader in the boycott. Earlier that year, The United States hosted the 1980 Olympic Winter Games, defeated the Soviet’s prestigious hockey team and went on to win the gold medal. The Olympic Games indicates, “The battle for prestige between the two superpowers was evident in the ice hockey tournament. The Soviets had been gold medalists in the sport at each Winter Olympics since their shocking defeat at the hands of the Americans at
Squaw Valley in 1960” (149). A clear upset had occurred in Lake Placid that year, however
President Jimmy Carter wanted the United States to boycott the summer games of that same year due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Eventually President Carter’s skills in persuasion caused the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) to vote to not attend the 1980 Olympic
Summer Games. The athletes of the United States would not be permitted to go to Moscow. In order to understand the boycott of the 1980 Olympic Summer Games, one must first examine the
Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan,
and gain a first-hand perspective from an athlete who was denied the opportunity to compete in the Olympics.
Athletes were disappointed with the committee’s decision, including swimmer Glenn
Mills, who on this topic had to say:
In the press guide, Alabama gives its history of all the people that were NCAA
champions, Olympians, and things like that. When everything is listed, always listed next
to our names is an asterisk, under the asterisk it reads: ‘Made 1980 Olympic team, but
country boycotted.’ It’s very seldom that you see any of our names listed as Olympians
without an asterisk. It kind of implies, “Well they’re Olympians, but maybe not really.”
(Mills qtd. in Caraccioli 2)
The boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympic Games was a true misfortune for the sports world as well as many athletes’ lives.
In order to understand President Jimmy Carter’s reaction to the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan, one must examine the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
According to historian Allan Winkler, “The cold war was a bitter, usually nonmilitary, conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted for almost 50 years” (1). The United
States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II, and they defeated the Axis powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan. However, disagreements between the Allies began to develop even before the war ended. The Allies met in February 1945 at the Yalta Conference and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation, and it was agreed that Eastern
Europeans would have free elections. In June 1945 the United Nations was formed to protect countries against aggression and the five permanent members were the United States, the Soviet
Union, Great Britain, China and France. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, later
ignored the Yalta agreement in order to provide a buffer along the western border of the Soviet
Union and Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, and Yugoslavia were established as communist countries (Beck 531-3). In his “Iron Curtain” speech on March 5,
1946, Winston Churchill stated, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent” (Churchill qtd. in Beck 533). Europe was now divided into East and West. According to historian Winkler, “Stalin argued that capitalism and communism were on a collision course and a series of terrible crises would tear the capitalist world apart. U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas considered his speech to be a declaration of World War III” (12). The U.S. and the Soviet Union almost immediately entered an arms race, which included atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs.
On March 12, 1947, President Harry Truman gave a speech in which he asked Congress to assist people who were resisting subjugation and the Soviet threat of communism. In particular, he requested help for Greece and Turkey, and this became known as the Truman
Doctrine. The Marshall Plan, created by U. S. Secretary of State George Marshall in June 1947, provided economic aid to Western Europe (Winkler 19-21). The Marshall Plan was successful, and when the British, French, and Americans decided to merge their German zones in order to counter the Soviet threat, the Soviets cut off access to Berlin. This action resulted in an airlift by the Western powers that broke the blockade, as tensions between the Soviet Union and the West mounted. The next step was the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in
1949, in which 12 nations banded together in a defensive military alliance (Winkler 23). In response, the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955 with seven communist countries. The
Berlin wall, which divided East and West Berlin, was built in 1961. On October 4, 1957, the
Soviets launched Sputnik, the first unmanned satellite, and in 1958 the U.S. followed by launching its own satellite, Explorer I. The space race continued through 1969 with the Apollo
11 manned moon landing. (Beck 535-7).
Occasionally, the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union could not be contained because the Soviets moved to take over non-communist countries in Asia and the
United States was concerned with the domino theory and moved to stop the spread of communism. Fighting broke out in proxy wars such as in the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
The United States foreign policy was guided by the domino theory; in 1954 Dwight Eisenhower stated he believed that the fall of one nation to communism would make it more likely that others would also fall (Winkler 68). Then, in July 1962 the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev built missile sites in Cuba. When the United States detected the sites, President Kennedy demanded the removal of the missiles that were so close to the United States and were a serious threat of nuclear war. The missiles were removed, but once again tensions between the two superpowers had escalated (Beck 551). As the communists in North Vietnam began to take over South
Vietnam, the U.S. got involved in order to prevent the spread of communism. According to historian Howard Zinn, “When the United States fought in Vietnam, it was organized modern technology versus organized human beings, and the human beings won” (469). After losing more than 58,000 soldiers and spending more than $150 billion, the U.S. withdrew in 1973 and accepted defeat (Winkler 99). Confrontations between the United States and the Soviet Union continued in the Middle East due to the vast oil reserves. The threatened Afghanistan region contained more than two-thirds of the world’s exportable oil. One of these confrontations was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which caused President Carter to call for a boycott of the
Moscow Olympics (Beck 553).
The main reason behind the boycott was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on December
27, 1979, which was also day 54 of the American hostage crisis in Iran. The Soviets, over many days, built up thousands of ground forces along the Afghanistan border. Their intentions were clear: an invasion to support Afghanistan’s communist government, but the Soviets covered their tracks and called the gathering a “field exercise.” On that barbarous December day, the Soviets crossed the border and began their invasion of Afghanistan. Tens of thousands of troops were sent along the border with tanks and lightly armored vehicles. One Soviet force was sent to
Kabul air base and attacked the Tajbeg Presidential Palace compound where they assassinated the nominal President of Afghanistan, Hafizullah Amin. The invasion was due to the overthrow of the communist regime in Afghanistan in 1979 by the now-deceased President of Afghanistan,
Hafizullah Amin (Caraccioli 23). Hafizullah’s opponents sought refuge in the Soviet Union, where they convinced the Soviets to proceed with an intervention in Afghanistan.
The Soviet perspective of the invasion was that Soviet leaders wanted to bolster a failing regime in Afghanistan since it bordered the Soviet Union. They saw this as a short-term, regional action, and even the KGB had found Amin’s administration brutal. The Soviets did not expect this bold move on their part to cause the reaction that it did in the United States and around the world (Sarantakes 60). As noted by Tom Caraccioli, “In the end it would haunt both the former
Soviet Union with defeat and eventual demise, and the United States by setting the beginning states for the most devastating attacks the U.S. had ever suffered” (24). Caraccioli is referring to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States that were the mastermind of Osama bin
Laden.
The reason for the boycott was not the actual invasion of Afghanistan but rather President
Carter’s perception of the events occurring in the Middle East. Carter reviewed the U.S.-Soviet
relationship since World War II. Historian Caraccioli provides a timeline, “from the 1940s, when they created the Atlantic Alliance; to the 1950s, when the U.S. contained Soviet challenges in
Korea and the Middle East; to the 1960s, when the U.S. met Soviet threats in Berlin and Cuba; to the 1970s, when three presidents negotiated with Soviet leaders in attempts to halt the growth of the nuclear arms race” (Caraccioli 58). Carter claimed that the region in Afghanistan that was being invaded by the Soviets was of great importance because of the volume of oil produced there. He believed that the Soviets were after the oil, and Afghanistan contained more the two- thirds of the world’s exportable oil. The Soviet invasion brought them within 300 miles of the
Indian Ocean and very close to the Straits of Hormuz, a prime waterway for oil transfer.
President Carter’s view is labeled the “The Carter Doctrine,” and it reads: “An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force” (Carter qtd. in Caraccioli 60). The significance of this quote can be understood by reflecting on the wars that have taken place in the Middle East since Carter made this statement.
During this time, the American people were experiencing a crisis in confidence due to the events of Watergate, the war in Vietnam, inflation, the energy crisis, and the murders of John and
Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. On July 15, 1979, President Carter identified the crisis in confidence to the nation, “The threat is nearly invisible in ordinary ways. It is a crisis of confidence. It is a crisis that strikes at the very heart and soul and spirit of our national will”
(Carter). The mindset of the American people and this crisis in confidence added to the stress of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan because the United States had lost the Vietnam War, been threatened by the Cuban Missile Crisis, and was dependent on oil from the Afghanistan region.
Many throughout the world were not in favor of a boycott. TIME magazine reported,
“Said French Minister of Youth and Sports Jean-Pierre Soisson: ‘The Olympics are a sporting event, not a political affair.’ That, of course, is not true. The Olympics long ago became politicized, with authoritarian societies like Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sparing no effort to train their athletes-all in the hopes of piling up gold medals as proof of the superiority of their political systems” (“Olympics: To Go or Not to Go”). Lord Killanin, who was the President of the International Olympic Committee, was not in favor of a boycott. Killanin stated, “We would remind that the games are for the athletes, not for the officials or for politicians”
(Hornblower).
President Carter met with Olympic athletes and their representatives at the White House to tell them that they would not be attending the 22nd Olympiad. Carter was tenacious and declared that no matter what other countries would do, “Ours will not go…the decision has been made” (Carter qtd. in Caraccioli 82). However determined Carter was, the U.S. Olympic
Committee (USOC) made the final decision between attendance and absence. Filling the time between the release of the Carter Doctrine and the vote by the USOC was the vote by the British
Olympic Association to attend the games, which disagreed with British political views on the matter which were that the country should not compete in Moscow. The British Olympic
Committee voted to attend the games. Hours before the vote by the USOC, President Carter spoke at the annual convention of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. Carter stated that he was prepared to take legal action so U.S. athletes would not attend the games in Moscow if the USOC voted to attend. Carter sent Vice President Walter Mondale to Colorado Spring to inform the delegates that any attempts to participate in the games would be futile and that they should just vote to not attend in order to evade further complications (Caraccioli 82-3).
The Soviets had a political view of the Olympics. According to reporter Kevin Klose,
“For the past seven months, long before President Carter began considering an American boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics, the Soviet Communist party has been telling its cadres that
July’s games pit ‘decadent capitalism’ against ‘socialism,’ which is growing stronger every day”
(Klose). The Soviet Union clearly saw the games as political. There was also a conflict between the Soviet Union and the U.S. regarding the Soviets’ use of professional athletes in the games.
The Soviet government provided financing to their athletes, while the U.S. athletes were sponsored by the USOC, and U.S. professional athletes did not compete in the games (Karron).
On April 12, 1980, for the first time in history, 797 USOC delegates voted for attendance and 1604 delegates voted to reject the invitation to the games. The U.S. team would have participated in archery, basketball, biathlon, boxing, canoeing/kayaking, cycling, diving, equestrian, fencing, field hockey, gymnastics, judo, pentathlon, rowing, shooting, soccer, swimming, team handball, track and field, volleyball, water polo, weightlifting, wrestling, and yachting. Vice President Mondale commented, “I don't know if in their hearts they accepted it, but there was a dignified vote. I have a lot of regrets for the athletes. But did we have to do it?
Would it have been wrong to go along as if things were fine? I don't have any doubts about that”
(Mondale qtd. in Caraccioli 116).
There were those who disagreed with the boycott, such as Julian Roosevelt who was one of two Americans on the International Olympic Committee. He stated, “Any boycott isn’t going to change the Soviets’ mind and isn’t going to get troops out of Afghanistan. I’m as patriotic as the next guy, but the patriotic thing to do is for us to send a team over there and whip their ass”
(Hornblower). After the vote, Bill Rogers, who was the favorite for an Olympic gold medal in the marathon, commented that athletes “should force the USOC (members) to quit because they
voted this. I think they should all lose their jobs. They’ve given up what their jobs stood for, which was not to allow any racial, religious or political pressures to affect them…I don’t know of a lower level that American sport has sunk to” (Lorge, “Boycott Vote Gets a Mixed
Reaction”). Don Miller, who was the executive director of the U.S. Olympic Committee, commented, “I wonder who in government is considering how to reimburse the dedicated amateur athletes for the many years they have given through self-sacrifice, financial hardships in their attempt to represent our country in the Olympic games. We should resist political, religious, and racial intrusions into the games” (Hornblower).
After the vote, 25 athletes led by rower Anita DeFranz, who had become the athletes’ spokesperson, along with one USOC executive, filed a class-action lawsuit against the USOC on behalf of their teammates. The court dismissed the lawsuit 23 days later, on May 16 (Caraccioli
134). The athletes would not be going to Moscow.
Despite the boycott of the XXII Olympics by 60 countries, the games in Moscow began on July 19, 1980 with “trumpets blaring and elaborately costumed dancers celebrating their
Russian heritage” (Caraccioli 178). Only 80 countries filed in during the display of talent, the fewest countries to attend since Melbourne in 1956 (Caraccioli 179). The Soviets did however try many different ways to get other countries to participate in the Olympiad. According to TIME magazine:
A free team ride to Moscow on the Soviet airline Aeroflot was sufficient to reverse the
no-go decision of the cash-strapped Costa Rican Olympic Committee. Jordan, which is
sending a team to Moscow, was reportedly promised a visit by the Bolshoi Ballet. In
South American and Latin America, the Soviets have let it be known that free room,
board, and round-trip Aeroflot charters are available for the asking. That offer was
recently extended to African nations, some of which have already received Soviet athletic
gear and coaching help to prepare for the Olympics. (“Guess Who’s Coming to
Moscow”)
The world watched as 16 days of competition followed and were relegated to history. The U.S. swim team would have had both the strongest men and women’s team, although the Soviet men and East German women would have been formidable opponents. Although the 1980 American
Summer Olympic team members did not go to the Olympics, they were invited to Washington
D.C. for a five-day “Olympic Honors Program” which featured dinner at the White House and the presentation of gold medals to all of the athletes (“5-Day ‘Honors Program’ Set Here for
Olympians”).
In the end Carter’s decision to boycott the XXII Olympic games did not produce the desired result. According to reporter Katy Williams, “One year after the boycott that was intended as a national statement to protest Soviet military presence in Afghanistan, Soviet troops are still there” (Williams). According to historian Nicholas Sarantakes, “The boycott had no impact on the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Of that there can be no doubt. White House documents show, though, that no one ever thought keeping athletes from competing in Moscow stood a serious chance of forcing a withdrawal” (264). Afghanistan was already a Soviet satellite and the Soviet action there was not going to change the balance of power in the region. After 30 years, athletes who would have gone still hold a grudge against President Carter. “I’ll never forgive Jimmy Carter for what he did,” said one athlete (Williams).
Regarding the U.S. Olympic Swim Team, before the boycott it was not questioned whether the American team would win, but by how much. However, in preparation for the 1984
Games in Los Angeles, the world wondered if the American team would win. Renowned athlete
and announcer Rowdy Gaines said, “The peanut farmer put us behind the eight ball” (Leavy).
Gaines was trying to say that due to the boycott the American swimming program suffered.
Sports like baseball and basketball can be viewed constantly on T.V.; however, a sport like swimming is typically only viewed by a large audience every four years at the Olympics. Since the United States did not attend the 1980 Summer Olympics, the American public did not have the pleasure of seeing the American team triumph over all of the other teams. Usually the
American youth are stunned by the American victories in swimming and want to learn how to swim, but because of the boycott only a small fraction of the usual influx of new swimmers joined the sport. According to reporter Robert Fachet, “When Mark Spitz won his medals in
1972, and was on TV so much of the time despite the limited coverage in effect then, hundreds of parents wrote and called for information on how to get their kids involved in swimming. We didn’t get that in 1980” (Fachet).
On October 30, 2007, the gold medals that the 1980 U.S. summer Olympic team had received at the White House were designated as Congressional Gold Medals and the names of the Olympians were added to the list of recipients that dates back to 1776. The list of past recipients included George Washington, Thomas Edison, Winston Churchill, and Pope John Paul
II, to name a few (Caraccioli 241).
The boycott of the 1980 Olympic games can be argued to be the most damaging event in the games since their revival in 1896, and according to George Santayana, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it” (Volume I). In order to escape a fate much like the events surrounding the boycott of the 1980 Olympics, one must learn why it happened and educate the world as to why the world holds the games. According to athlete Glenn Mills, “The
Olympics are for the youth of the world to come together to play these games. If you want to
beat me, you have to follow these rules and go for it. If you do, then great, congratulations, because I know you had to work really hard to do it” (Caraccioli 221). The nearly 10-year war between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan eventually led to the disunion of the Soviet Union because it affected the global opinion of communism and affected U.S. foreign policy
(Caraccioli 42). The fall of the Soviet Union is remembered in part by the famous words of
Ronald Reagan from his speech on June 12, 1987, “Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr.
Gorbachev, tear down this wall! (Reagan). The war would also lead to the terrible terrorist attacks on September 11th 2001. It turns out that many rebels from foreign countries came to
Afghanistan to help fight the Soviets and found support from the U.S., among whom was a scion from a wealthy family from Saudi Arabia, Osama bin Laden. The future terrorist gained much of his knowledge about terrorism, warfare, and radical Islam from the war in Afghanistan, of which he would use against the United States in 2001 (Caraccioli 24).
The year 1980 was not the first time in history that politics entered the Olympics. In
1976, several African nations boycotted the summer Olympics in Montreal to protest the fact that
New Zealand had sent its rugby team to play against apartheid South Africa. In 1956, several
Western European governments boycotted the games in Melbourne because of the Soviet invasion of Hungary. Further examples include two major Axis powers, Germany and Japan, not being invited to the games in 1948 in London; and the Munich massacre in the summer of 1972 when members of the Israeli team were taken hostage by a Palestinian terrorist group and eleven were murdered. The Olympic ideal is to place sport above politics, however, this does not always happen. According to Lord Killanin, “Sport and politics unfortunately are frequently interrelated” (Killanin qtd. in Sarantakes 31).
Interview Transcription
Interviewee/Narrator: Glenn Mills Interviewer: Matt Petraites Location: Mr. Mills’ apartment, New York City Date: December 22, 2011
Matt Petraites: This is Matt Petraites and I am interviewing Olympic Swimmer and Coach
Glenn Mills as part of the American Century Oral History Project. The interview took place on
December 22, 2011 in his apartment in Manhattan.
MP: What was it like growing up in Ohio during the 1960s and 70s?
Glenn Mills: Wow you’re going really far back…uh oh. I mean really what I remember, it was just a very normal sort of childhood, that I had two older brothers, that we were all athletes, and you know just very normal kids. I did all kinds of other sports; I did baseball, football, basketball; I think one of my greatest stories that I remember as a little kid was I missed the first bitty basketball game, you know its little kids basketball, because I had a swim meet. And we lost the game. The second game I came and they passed me the ball the first time, and I ran down and I scored. My first shot. And everyone’s running back and forth going, “We’re gonna win, we’re gonna win; Glenn’s here.” It was the only two points I scored the whole season. So I was destined not to be a basketball player. You know, I just remember a really happy childhood.
Always havin’ a good time. Just real normal, no real stress about anything, and Ohio’s a really safe place to grow up.
MP: Did you and your brothers pick on each other here and there?
GM: Nah, not really. I had really supportive older brothers; they kind of taught me a lot of stuff.
My middle brother Kyle kind of always included me in things that he did. My oldest brother, we’re five years apart, so there’s just enough of a gap that we didn’t know each other extremely well, because he’s leaving for college, and I’m still in eighth grade and seventh grade, that sort of thing. So it was a little different from that standpoint. Kevin and I are very close now, and obviously he was one of my heroes growing up, but it’s not like we really hung out together.
Where as Kyle and I, Kyle’s right in between the two of us, and so Kyle and I got a lot closer initially.
MP: How did you first become interested in swimming?
GM: My mom and dad got us all involved in swimming for the simple fact that they figured we wouldn’t be big enough to do anything else. We’re not a very large family, where all the guys are around 5’10”, it was three boys and we’re all around 5’10”; my dad was about 5’7”; and my mom was about 5’7”. So it wasn’t like we were really going to have too many opportunities in anything else. And they had no aspirations of us being great athletes; they just wanted us involved in something. We were all involved in music; my mom’s a music teacher. So we all played instruments. My oldest brother Kevin was a flute and piccolo, and when he went to college he had his choice of scholarships: music, scholastics, or swimming. So that’s how good he was. He was that guy in the band, when they played the “Stars and Stripes” when the piccolo just rips on this thing; that was Kevin. In seventh grade, he played “Flight of the Bumblebee” for a recital, so that’s how good he was. My mom sang in the Cleveland Orchestra chorus for 25
years. We were always surround by music. But at the same time, everybody played an instrument, and my mom taught music, and the only thing my dad played was the radio; he was a sports nut. So he wanted us involved in sports, so it turned out we all got introduced to, and started to love, swimming. So there was no plan in all of this, it was just one of things to keep the kids involved in something.
MP: When you were young, you must of thought like “Why do I keep going to swimming.” Was there a real reason you kept going?
GM: Well when I was really young, I would go just to be around my big brothers. When I started, I was five years old when I started to go to swim practice, because my brothers were eight and ten. Mom couldn’t leave me at home by myself, dad was working, so I would go and I became almost like the team mascot. The coach would put me in lane 1 and I’d swim like half a lap. All I remember, this was so long ago, but I just have this feeling of this excitement that
Coach would show when I made half a lap, that’s just the sense I get from it. So it was a real happy sort of thing, where I was really embraced by the swimming community at a very young age. It was almost like an adoption, people felt sorry for me so they like, “Okay. His big brothers are swimming, so we’ll let him hang out.” And that’s what it’s basically all about back then. At the early ages I didn’t really question it, because everyone in my family did it, because my two older brothers were doing it. That was the natural thing for me. There were a few years where we didn’t swim because of moving and lack of opportunities. When we got back into it, I can’t remember there ever being a time where I didn’t expect to swim almost every day. That was the way life was.
MP: Was it really hectic trying to balance your dad’s love of sports, with your mom’s love of music?
GM: Nah, it’s really something different getting older and having kids, and my brother having his kids. We sat back and really started thinking, “How did Mom and Dad instill in us the desire to be the best at all costs while knowing if we got beat it wasn’t that big of a deal.” So I mean there wasn’t the sort of pressure, we all practiced our instruments in our bedrooms, there was always enough time to get stuff done. It was really because of the support of my parents. The one thing I think people need to understand to raise great athletes is the dedication that the parents have to have. And the dedication is not just about the pressure. In fact there was a huge lack of pressure at home about performance, it was just the requirement to go to practice, and go to the meets. We lived 25 minutes away from the pool, and all three of us at one point swam in different groups. Mom would drive me to practice, drop me off, come back, pick up Kyle to take
Kyle to practice, drop Kyle off and pick me up, take me home, drop me off, pick up Kevin, drive back to pick up Kyle, drop off Kevin, drive Kyle home, drive back to pick up Kevin, and then come back. It was literally three hours of driving by my mother every day, and that was so none of us were sitting at the pool waiting, so that when we were home we could be practicing our instruments, or doing our homework, or playing in the front yard. So mom sacrificed so that we had normal lives, so she didn’t have a normal life. Without her doing that, then I’m sure our love for the sport would have been much different, because if I had to sit there for two hours after my hour-long practice I wouldn’t have enjoyed being around the pool as much. So Mom really sacrificed the most.
MP: In high school, in 1980, you set the national high school record in the 100 breaststroke, and then you won the 200 breaststroke at the Olympic Trials. Can you describe the motivation that was provided by your brother, Kyle, that enabled you achieve the level of success that you did, and become a member of the Olympic Team?
GM: When I was in eighth grade, Kyle was a junior and started to get some knee pain, and being a breaststroker, everyone thought it was just from swimming breaststroke. Through the course of a month or two months of seeing different doctors, it was discovered that it was bone cancer
(Osteogenic Sarcoma). As soon as they saw it they amputated his leg. So in eighth grade, a couple years before I had seen Kevin, or maybe the year before that, I had seen Kevin win the
Ohio High School State Championships, and Kyle and I were there. It was at this little pool in
Ohio State; it was really loud, and it was just so emotionally impactful, that I thought, “I want to do that someday.” We just kind of figured Kevin did it, so Kyle would be next, and then it would be my turn, but at that point I was short and fat: not a very good swimmer. So when Kyle had his leg amputated I remember at one point I had said to him, “I’ll win the State High School meet for ya someday.” And He kind of patted me on the shoulder and smiled and said, “Thanks buddy.” It was almost like, because I was such a bad swimmer at the time, it was like he didn’t really believe it, but he was really appreciative that I would think of it. So, I guess internally when you start to see something like that happen, you start to commit yourself a little more and become a little bit more focused without even really knowing it. When Kyle died the next year, I was a freshman in high school. It was a real turning point from an athletic standpoint. If there was anything positive that would come out of a brother’s death, it was the gift that he gave me to
endure more pain. Rather from seeing a psychiatrist, or a psychologist, I just went to the pool and
I would just work as hard as possible. So I would take out my aggression, anger, and sadness in the water. What I discovered is that there is places you don’t really want to go to from a standpoint that your body can handle. Unfortunately for me it took something really tragic for me to find that place. Had Kyle not died I doubt I would have ever found that place. I know a lot of
Olympians that have been through some real tragic things, and they resurrect something good to come out of it. There is a lot of different ways you can react to tragedy, and athletics give such a great outlet of all these emotions. By the time I got to be a senior in high school I had committed. I guess a lot of athletes, if they’re focusing on their senior year in high school; they focus on their senior year in high school. I had been focused on it for three years. I had moved away from home, which is a whole other story. Mom and Dad gave me the opportunity to move to Cincinnati and train with a much better team. I was surrounded by great athletes, and it was just a great opportunity where I was just presented with a lot of pain and a lot of outlet for the emotions. By the time I got to the high school state meet, I had to convince my coach to let me rest for a week, because everybody else I was training with was training for the Olympics, and no one was training for high school. So a week before I swam district championships, my best time was 57.8 from junior year, and I went 58.5 at districts, and I asked my coach if I could shave and rest a week because I wanted to break the national high school record, because he didn’t know anything about Kyle. He agreed to let me rest for one week, and the national record was 56.3, over a second faster than I had ever gone, and over 2 seconds faster than I had gone the week before. The way I like to explain this to swimmers or athletes is that if you go into a situation with the right mindset, there isn’t enough pain in that minute…there’s not enough. You can’t put yourself – it’s too short – you can’t endure enough pain with all the emotion, and so
you work so hard through the whole thing that you end up doing a lot better than you thought.
Usually athletes fear pain, and in a lot of situation if you embrace it, welcome it, and seek it, you end up doing a lot better than you thought you would. You have to be a little crazy to do that, or you have to have something that really motivates and inspires you. When I went to that meet, there was one goal, and that was to win. I won the 100 breast by nearly 3 seconds. Second place was 58, and I went 55. It was probably the greatest single swim of my life, it was that day.
Winning senior nationals after that, and winning Olympic trials was more like a byproduct of trying to fulfill a promise to Kyle. When I fulfilled that, the other gift was Kyle said “Here’s something for you.” Most people would forget the high school state championship, but it has really been kept alive because winning Olympic trials; winning Olympic trials was cool, but it wasn’t the greatest thing in my career.
MP: Would you say that during that race you were thinking of Kyle?
GM: Absolutely. He had a hat. He had lost all of his hair to chemotherapy, and he had a hat that
Kevin had got at a national trip over in Germany. So he had this hat, it became his signature. So everybody knew Kyle because of his hat, so I took the hat with me to the blocks, and I set it behind the blocks. So he was with me the whole time, I had something physical of his with me.
You can’t wear it in the water, so obviously I had to leave it behind. He was with me the whole time. And my brother Kevin had flown home from college for the meet. So it was really important to me that he was there, and Mom and Dad. The whole time you were just thinking,
“What would Kyle be thinking if he saw me right now?” I figured he knew everything I was thinking, and everything I was feeling. And if there was any instant during that race where I felt
sorry for myself, because it hurt too bad, or gave up at all, he would know. I couldn’t allow that.
So the whole time, it was like him and me. It was like two guys swimming. We were cheering each other on. It sounds corny; it was basically you’re screaming at each other to get something done. It was a real positive thing. The thing that makes it the greatest was seeing the smiles on my Mom’s and Dad’s faces. (begins to cry) When you watch your parents go through the pain of losing a child, especially after having your own kids, I realize it more now than then. When you see a parent go through the pain, and if you can make them smile again, a real genuine smile, it’s a really good thing. That’s probably what I remember the most. I made them happy.
MP: Can you tell me about the sacrifices that your family made? Including buying a townhouse in Cincinnati so you could train.
GM: (Crying has stopped) Oh man…So much. After Kyle died, everything kind of changed. I started getting a lot faster really quick. And I made Senior Nationals, and I was the only kid in
Cleveland that made Senior Nationals. My season lasted a month longer than everybody else.
Kyle died in May, and I made seniors in august. I made it in the 200 breast by one tenth of a second. And I did it in Plantation, Kentucky; it was a meet in Kentucky. I remember qualifying for it, and everyone said “Are you gonna go to juniors?” And I said, “What’s juniors?” I couldn’t wait to get to seniors, I couldn’t wait. I swam in one juniors, so I couldn’t actually say “what’s juniors?” but I couldn’t understand why if I had senior cuts, I would go to juniors. So Mom and
Dad flew me out to California and I swam one race. Flew from Ohio to California, I improved a whole second. I think I was seeded 60th and I got 28th my first seniors. So I was pretty psyched about that, and then we went to Disneyland, which was great. We’d get to these meets, and there
would be 30 kids from Cincinnati from one team, and I’d be by myself. So it happened the next year in Austin Texas. I qualified again in one event, 200 breast, I remember I got 18th so I just missed scoring my sophomore year in high school. And then Mom and Dad came to me and said they’d been talking to Skip Kenny, who has been the coach of Stanford for the past 30 years now, and they asked Skip if I could move down there for the summer, and live with a family. So
I lived with a family my first summer down there. When I got there I was sixth in the lane, I was the sixth fastest breaststroker when I showed up in Cincinnati. By the end of that summer, my sophomore year in high school, I got sixth at senior nationals. So I never swam in consoles, I went from not scoring to finals. There were some national trips named off that but all the kids in college couldn’t go. So there I was a sophomore in high school, that summer in between my sophomore and junior year, and I got two trips to Holland and to France to represent the United
States. And all this stuff happening, Mom and Dad said “do you like it in Cincinnati?” I’m like oh my gosh, I love it! So they decided that Mom and I would live in Cincinnati in a town house, and Dad would drive down every weekend for the next two years while we finished up preparation for the high school state meet and Olympic Trials. 274 miles between the homes,
Mom and Dad were apart every day of the week except Friday, Dad would show up Friday night, and he’d leave late Sunday night. He’d work Monday through Friday, full time stuff back in
Cleveland and come down and spend the weekends with us. And we did that for two years. So it was a financial burden on the family, and a very stressful time for Mom and Dad, because if you think about it, it was only a year before that Kyle had died. If you look at it from their perspective within a two year period of time, one son left for college, another son left…died, and they took a third son and they moved him away. They went from three boys in the house to none in two years, with a tragedy hanging over. One didn’t just go to college, one was gone forever.
The crazy thing is I didn’t feel any pressure through all of this. I didn’t understand their sacrifice at the time. I had no clue, I was some stupid little kid thinking the world still revolved around me. They did such an incredible job allowing this to happen without putting so much pressure on me. I had no curfew in Cincinnati; I could do anything I wanted. I had one rule: Make every practice. If I didn’t make practice they said, “You can skip practices in Cleveland. You can do anything you want, just don’t flunk outta school and don’t miss practice.” And I never missed practice. We had twelve practices a week, and six dryland practices a week. None of us were allowed to miss, so it was pretty easy not to miss because we weren’t allowed to. That was my only rule, so it was good support by sticking to commitment by both my mom and dad and by my coaches.
MP: Could you tell me about a standard practice you would do leading up to the Olympics and the high school meet?
GM: It’s so hard to think of one particular practice because there was so much involvement.
What I can tell you is the schedule and the yardage that we did. Tuesday Thursday, and Saturday morning was a 2 hour and 45 minute long practice, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday was 2 and a half, and this was before school. So we’d be on deck at 4:45 and in the water by 5:00 AM.
Afternoon practice was 2:45 and 3 hours alternating days. Three-hour practice in the afternoon.
There was an hour of dryland before the afternoon practice. In the breastroke lane we averaged between 18,000 and 21,000 meters a day, everything was long course. It was brutal, it was absolutely brutal. It was a different type of training, it was just long. I saw my coach two weeks ago, and I reminded him of a practice, and in a 3 hour practice half the practice is spent doing
math. “Alright this set is gonna take 45 minutes, after that 45 minutes were gonna have 1 hour and 20 minutes left. What can we do in that hour and 20 minutes?” So at one point there was like
20 minutes left in practice and he gives a set, and we’re like ok when this set’s done were only gonna have like 3 minutes left, this is it, this is it. We finish the set, and the clock says 15 minutes left. So while we were doing the set there wasn’t enough time in a 3-hour long practice so he turned the clock back. While we were swimming he turned the clock back! It was just nuts!
And when I told him that story a few weeks ago he said, “I’m sure that wasn’t the only time I turned it back. That was the only time you guys caught me.” I’ll tell you what I’m going to do quick, I’m gonna shut this window. It’ll be a little bit more quiet.
MP: You were a high school senior at the time of the boycott, what was your awareness level of the boycott, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the whole Iran hostage crisis?
GM: We were really insulated. I’ve spoken about this a lot. The people around us did a lot to isolate us so that our focus could be strictly on athletics. And when you think about it there were so many things going on in the world at that point but the schedule that I just told you about, if you can imagine…literally we were held underwater for five and half to six hours a day, the other hour was dryland. So were at the pool between six and seven hours a day. And outside of that all you really did was homework and sleep. Back then as hard as it is for people to believe, there was no Internet, there wasn’t cable TV, and you just didn’t really watch TV much. We didn’t really have much news coming in as high school kids. To give you an idea, I went to morning practice one day, swam, went to school, showed up at school and there was this really different vibe at school that day, I had no idea. I had a girlfriend at the time who was a
cheerleader and a gymnast, and she didn’t show up for school. So I was asking around, “What’s going on?” Well if you look back, another event that happened in 1980 was a rock concert in
Cincinnati, it was the Who. And the Who had festival seating at this concert. And Riverfront
Coliseum had an elevated walkway that funneled people in. It’s a long story, but basically I think
12 kids were killed trying to get into the concert. Four of them were from my high school. My girlfriend was at the concert, but had gotten out. I didn’t know anything about it until I had got to school and someone else told me. From evening practice, you did a little bit of homework. And when everybody else is going out, you’re passing out and going to sleep. You get up at 4’o’clock
– 4:30 in the morning, you go to the pool, you stretch, you get in, and for the next 2 and half to 3 hours you’re isolated underwater. So you get out, you get dressed, and you go to school, and maybe grab something to eat on the way to school. You still are totally isolated, because I’m not listening to the news in the car, I’m listening to music. So by the time I got to school the event had been done for probably 10 hours, but I had no idea. So you can imagine if four people at my school were killed and I had no idea about it, you can imagine how we may not know anything about politics. Our coaches did a really good job. We started hearing things, but we didn’t know a lot of the details. And they did a really good job of keeping s focused on what we were trying to do: which was training for the Olympics. Whether or not the Olympics were going to occur, we had no idea at the time. We’d watched the Winter Olympics, we saw the Hockey team, and everybody was thrilled. Unfortunately, when the hockey team won, all that meant was our practices got harder, because the coaches would come in and say, “Do you see how this is impacting everybody? You can do that! You can be a part of this!” So we just kept really focused on it. When they announced the boycott, our coaches immediately switched our goals. We were still gonna have Olympic Trials, we were still gonna pick an Olympic Team, and they said,
“We’re gonna put more people on the Olympic Team, we’re gonna break more world records, break more American records.” Those were our goals. We were gonna dominate the meet, which is what we did. It was silly to train for ten years for something and the last 2 months not finish it.
It would’ve been silly. And anybody, in my personal opinion, that says they just quit at the point,
I’ve heard it. I can’t tell you how many times in the last 30 years I must have heard a hundred times, “I could’ve been on the team except for the boycott.” Well guess what, no you couldn’t. If you didn’t do it, you didn’t do it. Stop talking about it, ok? Because if you trained for ten years and you allowed something in the last two months to impact you that way? I’m sorry if it sounds harsh, but you didn’t have it to make it in the first place. Because you have to work from every bit of adversity to finish something up. And some people may take issue with me saying it like that, but I’m sick of people claiming stuff that they didn’t do. This is all we’ve got from 1980, is making the team. And so I’m gonna stick up for all of us who finished the job.
MP: I know that the trials were after the actual Olympics, how was the mindset during that, knowing what the people in the actual Olympics swam?
GM: We were trying to beat their times, we wanted to swim faster; but it’s a different sort of atmosphere, because you were still going to earn a spot on the Olympic Team. Olympic Trials are about one thing, winning, that’s it. Sometimes race strategy and what you’re presented with by other people…going for a record might not be the smartest thing in the world. So going for a time might put you out of your standard race strategy based on the situation that’s presented around you by the other athletes, if you decide “Ok I’m gonna blast out this thing, and I’m gonna try and beat this time.” Well if you die at the end of the race you got three guys passing you, and
guess what you’re not on the Olympic Team. So there are pros and cons to it. If the person is next to you, you’re going to base your race strategy based on what they’re doing. The coaches always say, “Swim your own race” which is important to a point, but you have to swim based on the situation. If some guys going out in the 200 breast, if you normally go out in 1:05 or 1:06 and the guy next to you is going out in 1:01 you’re gonna have to push your pace a little bit. Because if you lose touch and lose connection, then its gonna be very difficult for you to catch up, because you have to remember at this level of the sport you have to remember most people won’t die as much as you want them to. They’re very, very good athletes. So you have to change your race strategy based on that not based on some time that’s out there. It was still about winning that meet, not necessarily about beating somebody else’s time. You still wanted to be on the team.
MP: What do you remember about the frustration you must have felt at the time of the boycott?
GM: Being 18 years old, being a senior in high school, I didn’t feel as much frustration as I should have, because most Olympic athletes and most great athletes are optimists anyway, so we always believe that something better is going to happen. And when you’re 18 years old, and all you’ve ever done your entire life is improve, you just figure “eh, I’ll make it in ’84.” I didn’t feel the disappointment until I missed the Olympic Team in ’84 by 5 tenths of a second. That’s when
I knew it was over, that’s when I knew I was never gonna do it, and that’s when it was disappointing. That’s when all the thoughts came in about what you missed. So it wasn’t until 4 years later that I started to go through more of a depression about what happened in ‘80.
Depression is very tricky word. It wasn’t some deep-seated depression, because I had already had all this perspective as a young kid. So it was just like bummed out, I think is a better word
for it. I really wish I could have gone and just have been taken part of it. Because I had been to so many international competitions at that point, and met so many people across the world, what it would have been really cool to go to Moscow, and make a lot of new friends. And just to kind of take part in the whole festivities of the games. So that’s really what I regret not participating in, more than the swim meet. I was much less sad over missing another swim meet than I was over missing the event. That would have been the cool part. It wasn’t a ton of regret. When I went to college my dad gave me a sign that I hung on the wall in my dorm and it was a quote by
Jessie Owens, and it really helped, and it still helps today. Jessie Owens said, “It’s not the
Olympics that make the Olympian, it’s the preparation.” That again goes into the whole ten years and you’re going to let the last two months impact you? Preparation is part of finishing the job.
Nobody can take away from us what we earned, it’s a title, it’s an accomplishment. They can take the medals, and the rings, and all that other stuff, but it doesn’t make a difference. We still did what we set out to do. And that’s what sticks with you forever…that’s the cool part. Not a whole lot of disappointment at the time, but as I got older I had to deal with a few things but nothing bad.
MP: You said the 1980 Olympic Trials was Kyle’s gift to you after you won the state championships, why did you pursue the ’84 trials?
GM: Well I was a senior in high school in ’80 and I was a senior in college in ’84, so it was perfect timing, it was set up great for me. I swam four years at Alabama, trained really hard, and if you’re at that level you still want to…I would have loved to swim in Los Angeles. I would have loved to again taken part in the event. I really wanted to do it at that point. I went to world
championships…I’d been on every continent on the planet for swimming except the arctics, because they just didn’t have any meets at the caps. It was a great opportunity; it was a great life up to that point. It was cool. Your friends would be going out and your friends would ask they were like, “You wanna go with us?” And you would say, “Gosh I can’t, I’m going to China tomorrow.” Its stuff like that that keeps you dedicated because it’s a great experience. It’s a healthy life; it’s cool. It was being a professional athlete except no money. It was a great experience and I would have loved to have it continued but back then once you’re done with college you’re done so it was a lot different back then.
MP: Did you think about Kyle during the race?
GM: I’d think about him more before the races. I think in Olympic Trials…those races are so strategic, there’s so much going on, and there’s so much pressure. And you really focus more on the moment. And 200 breast long course compared to 100 breast short course, totally different animal. 100 breast short course you can just get in and grit your teeth and hope you don’t spin too much. 200 breast long course you gotta think. “Was that stroke too long? Did I put too much effort into it? Where’s my flow? How’s this feeling? How was that turn?” There’s just a lot more that you have to be in tune to, because once something starts to go wrong, as you well know, there’s not much greater pain in swimming that dying in a 200 breaststroke. You want to avoid that. Not as much though during the race, but before and after. All you really want is you want to be proud of the effort you put in. Even when I saw third, and that I had missed by a couple tenths. I had swum a really good time, and I was pleased with how I did, but I was disappointed that I didn’t make the team. I knew that my brothers would both be proud of me, and my mom
and dad would be proud of me because they knew I tried really hard. People say that all the time,
“As long as you try your hardest, we’ll be proud of you,” it really does matter. And you know as an athlete that there was nothing else you could do, if you can leave a race like that, you’ll never regret it for the rest of your life. You won’t second-guess it, you won’t worry about it. It’s just gonna be that I did everything I could and I just got beat by a couple guys that are great athletes.
One of the guys that beat me is still one of my best friends. He and his wife, I have to do a job out in California next month, I’m staying at his house. There’s no animosity for him kicking me off the Olympic Team. I have huge respect for someone who worked that hard to beat me, and he’s one of my greatest friends still to today, and I think you’ll see that a lot in athletics.
MP: I’m aware that there was a class-action lawsuit filed against the U.S. Olympic Committee on behalf of the athletes who were led by Anita DeFrantz, how much discussion and interaction was there between the Olympic athletes who did not get to go to Moscow?
GM: Being so young, being 18 years old and being a senior in high school, and had never won a national championship before, I certainly wasn’t included in any of the conversations. You’re still a long shot to make the team when you’re in high school. Nobody expects you to make it.
Let alone your intellectual ability to understand everything that’s going on. Anita was a lawyer, and she understood, and she was fighting on our behalf. I never knew anything about her; I never heard anything about all this stuff. I heard that there were talks going on and things like that. Our coaches would tell us little bits and pieces. It was always in a hopeful message. There’s still hope, so we can’t stop working. I think they used everything they could to keep up working hard, but it was always in a very positive way. We didn’t know much of what was going on, at least I
didn’t or those of us in Cincinnati, because it was really the older athletes. The ones that really understood what we’d be missing – that were fighting so hard to get there, and understanding that it’s only once every four years. This isn’t like you can just do it next year, people’s bodies change, their lives change; everything changes in a four-year period of time. This could be your one window, your one shot, and that’s what they were trying to get across to them. I think she did a great job, she tried her hardest; it was a valiant effort on Anita’s behalf and on our behalf.
She didn’t know 90% of the people she was fighting for, but she fought for the cause. She knew how important it was. And it’s really cool to have that as part of history, but I just didn’t know much about it at the time.
MP: I understand that the trials for swimming were actually held after the Moscow Olympics because of the boycott, how did you find the motivation to compete and win the 200 breast even knowing that the Olympics had already been held?
GM: I just wanted to win, it was another race. You always go into a race wanting to win. It could have been a race against the same guys at Joe’s college; that meant nothing. If there’s a
Joe’s college I don’t mean to offend anybody. It didn’t matter where it was or what it was for, if you're at that level all you want to do is race, and if you’re racing all you want to do is win. It was still going to be a national championship, Olympic Trials, it held a lot of…you don’t go into those meets with the opportunity or ability to win and not give 100% to do just that. That’s what being an athlete is. If you're given the opportunity to race, you want to win. If you go into any competition at the national level and you have the ability to be towards the top of it, then anything less than that is disappointment to yourself. You know that you didn’t do what you
were supposed to. I had a really bad year, the year after ’80, just going to college I was the defending champion and I got seventh at senior nationals. I was so depressed…I went to summer school, I wasn’t focused on swimming. There was a let down after I went to college because it was all that work, 6 or 7 hours a day, I was exhausted mentally and emotionally. The next summer I swam poorly. I remember talking to my mom and dad and just said, “This is really really difficult.” I took two weeks off and I sat and watched TV, I didn’t do anything; it was at the end of the summer before I went back to school. And by the time that was over I was ready, it was like that was all I needed. So the goal the whole next year was to get back to where I was, and the next year I made the world championship team. Sometimes there are ebbs and flows in that level of training, and everyone puts so much pressure on Michael and Ryan Lochte, and
Brendan Hansen and all these great athletes. They have to perform at their top every time they get in the water. What we’re seeing is when they’re in training, even these super hero kind of guys can’t do it all the time. They have to pick and choose when they do it. What was different back then was you had to do it every season, and now they’re saying, “Eh, I’ll just do it every four years,” like Kitajima. Only once every four years, but man he is tough in those Olympic years. Doesn’t mind if he loses World Championships or Pan-Pacs, but man he is trying hard. He is totally focused mentally on those four years. Of course I’m hoping Brendan beats him next year.
MP: On another side note, who do you think will win the 200 IM Phelps or Lochte? That’s a tough one.
GM: My brother asked me, Kevin asked me at one point about somebody racing Michael, “Do you think this guy can beat Michael?” And I said well that’s up to Michael. My attitude with
Michael, and I am a big fan of Ryan Lochte, but my attitude with Michael is that if Michael decides that he wants to win, he’ll win, it’s just how much work he wants to put in. He’s the greatest swimmer we’ve ever seen in the history of this sport. You can’t argue that at all. He is absolutely the greatest swimmer that’s ever been on the planet. If he wants to win…it’s just his level of training in order to accomplish that was so great. It’s the mental breakdown, the total let down, that I completely understand. I mean he deserves the breaks that he takes. The guy is the most intense swimmer we’ve ever seen, so he deserves his victories. The question is now that other people are starting to catch him a little bit, can he train at that level from the mental standpoint, not the physical but the mental, and that’s the toughest part. I had said something else to somebody else recently, if Michael walks away from the next Olympics with three or four
Gold medals people are gonna be like, “Psh, what a joke.” I’d be like dude I would’ve liked to have gone and got DQ’d at the Olympics ok? Cut him some slack. He’s already proven he’s the greatest ever, and whatever he does is just a bonus at this point. I know he wants to win a bunch of stuff, that’s just in his nature, so he’ll be tough.
MP: How did you feel when you realized you and your fellow Olympians from 1980 had been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor?
GM: That was the funny part. (Laughs) What was it 2007? I think that was when we found out.
Did you know that?
MP: I knew you had been awarded it.
GM: Yeah, well we didn’t know what it was. When the president hung it around our neck in
1980, when Jimmy Carter hung those medals around our neck we didn’t know what they were, they didn’t tell us what they were, we had no idea. It was 2007; it was 27 years later that two fellow swimmers, Ron Nugent and Dave Simms, had read the back of it. And on the back of the medal it starts off by saying, “By act of Congress.” And they looked at that, and they thought what? By act of Congress, that sounds pretty legal. So they started doing some research and they discovered that his medal was a Congressional Gold Medal of Achievement. So they started looking through the congressional records and stuff and there was never any notified or signified in there of what these things were. (Tape stops, MP flips over and continues recording) There wasn’t anything in the congressional record about what these things were, so they contacted a senator from Kansas, and they asked him to do some research on it. So he went and looked stuff up and he realized that the paperwork for these medals had never been completed. So they hadn’t been ratified. In 2007 it turns out that the story comes out, and nobody really wants it to come out because it was almost like another slap in the face to the 1980 athletes that all of the people on the 1980 Olympic Team had actually been awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of
Achievement. And as a team, so our individual names were not on there, but as a team, we were awarded this, so were on the same list as George Washington, and these great phenomenal historic figures of the United States, and the 1980 Olympic Team is on there for our sacrifice of not going to the Olympics, which we did not necessarily choose. But the crazy thing is that it took them 27 years to finish the paperwork on it, so we didn’t know what we had until 2007.
And the real shame about that is that what we got was basically a laser printout of a piece of
paper that said, “Here you go, it’s a Congressional Medal of Achievement.” The real sad part is that some of our teammates had died and they never knew. We tried to make sure their families knew what it was and that they should maybe hang onto those things; I mean mine were in my underwear drawer for a long time. Now at least they’ve made it to my desk, but they’re in a box on my desk; nobody ever sees them. I only keep them in case I go to talk to swimmers or something like that; you need to show them, but they don’t sit out anywhere. I will tell you that the day I found out about it went on my bio, like immediately on my website. That’s really cool… Congressional Gold Medal of Achievement. Even it sounds good; it’s hard to say. My linkedin profile, it’s like a business sort of facebook thing, it says Congressional Gold Medal of
Achievement recipient for doing absolutely nothing. I hope that doesn’t sound bitter, it’s meant to be funny.
MP: How do you think the boycott of 1980 has affected your life?
GM: Well goodness gracious its 31 years later and you’re talking to me. I’ve had so many conversations about this with my friends that were on the team, especially one of my closest friends Craig Beardsley. Every time the Olympics come up, we get asked for interviews… had we gone and won medals we’d really be like the rest of the Olympians, not that there’s anything wrong with that at all. But this in a way has made us live longer; our Olympic story is living longer than most people’s. From its ability to bring to light how politics and sports shouldn’t mix in many ways, because it can impact. The way I see it sports are supposed to bring the youth of the world together, the youth of the world are the future of the world, and if we can get kids of other nations and even warring nations together and to realize that. When I competed against the
Russians we got along. We didn’t want to kill each other; we actually would laugh and have a good time together. Our politicians hated each other. But athletes and the youth, we got along all right. We went to China, we were in Communist China, and we got along. Every place I went to the athletes got along. And the politicians, as soon as they get involved they try to pit young people against each other, and that’s basically called war. The Olympics, and international competition, is to bring the youth together, and that’s what we should be focusing on, not ways to keep them apart, because that makes the world a more divisive place, and we’ve got to get kids together from all over the place, because kids haven’t been tainted yet with prejudice and opinions nearly as much, and if they see how other people live I believe it can be a real positive thing. So it’s impacted me in a way…I try to stay really positive with the message about the boycott, making sure that doing something for yourself that no one else can take away. It’s not about the medals; it’s not about the titles or anything else. It’s just about accomplishing a goal.
I’ve written something on my website, and I’ve talked to kids about it all the time; you don’t have to make the Olympics to live the life of an Olympian. You can be as dedicated, you can sacrifice going to parties, you can study when you’re supposed to study, and swim when you’re supposed to swim, and practice your instruments when you’re supposed to practice you’re instruments. You can live the life, it’s just maybe the times aren’t as fast. But you feel the same pain, the same sacrifice, and the same time management. You learn all the same lessons, because once sports are over, its an equal playing field again and we’ve all gotta compete for jobs…great lessons can be learned through commitment. The boycott is just a small part in all of our lives, but if it allows to talk to people about positive things, it’s a good thing…strangely enough.
MP: After the boycott, you went on to be a member of the 1982 World Championship team in the 200 breast and in 1983 you claimed the NCAA title in the 200 breast, while swimming for
Alabama. How difficult was it for you to not make the team in 1984?
GM: Well that one hurt, like I said before, I missed it by five tenths of a second. It really hurt the most watching opening ceremonies, because actually the guy that I said is one of my closest friends, John pulled his groin in the 100 and didn’t swim the 200. So we only had person in the
United States swim the 200 breast. And they didn’t take any boycotts. I’m sorry that’s a __? right there. They didn’t take any alternates, so there was nobody else to swim. And it was Los
Angeles, and because it was a financial situation, they didn’t take any alternates. So we only had one guy swim the 200 breast, so in reality there were 2 Olympics in a row I should’ve swam in but I didn’t. That gets harder… there were certain times in my life where I bummed out about that for a little bit, but it is what it is. I didn’t earn the spot, so I shouldn’t be worried that they didn’t give it to me, because something happened to John. That was one of those things than in a way you sit back and go, “Gosh if I do well in the Olympics in my home country, then everybody’s gonna know me,” so there’s some vanity that starts coming into these things, where you sit there and think. And that’s when you realize you're doing it for the wrong reasons. And my dad used to say, because I had a good personality, he said in a way there’s a good reason I didn’t make the ’84 team, it’s because of the boycott, and then didn’t make the ’84 team. He said, because I was always a really good racer and if everything would’ve come together and I would’ve done well, I probably would’ve ended up doing pantyhose commercials and end up being a real jerk. He says always look for the positive, and he said pantyhose commercials because back then Joe Nameth was doing pantyhose commercials on TV, a football player. But
swimmers, because we shave our legs, have much better legs than football players, so again, always looking at the positive in things.
MP: In the book Boycott: Stolen Dreams of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games, by Tom and
Jerry Caraccioli, you are quoted as referencing President Carter, “He obviously wasn’t an athlete because anyone who has ever been involved in international athletics will realize that the way were going to being this world together is by kids coming together to compete. As soon as the race is over you are making new friends, you're meeting people from all over the world, and this was supposed to be a coming together of nations. Not a divide and separate.”
GM: We talked about that in the last one. You can cut out the last part and put it in that one.
That’s what its all about. It’s about kids, and that’s why I still do what I do. Really one of the reasons my business focuses so much on competitive swimming, I could make more money if I just taught tri-athletes how to swim, ok? The idea of what it meant to me, how it helped my life go from something very negative to something positive, just by going back and forth in a pool faster. I know the perspective of it. I know that I’d doesn’t change anything how fast I swim.
However, being able to accomplish something that you set out to do, and meeting a ton of people, and staying positive, you can impact the world in a better way. So that’s really what it’s about. So again like I said before, bringing kids together…I just didn’t understand from a political standpoint, what he was thinking, and who was advising him, because like I said in the book, they obviously were never athletes. Maybe they never sacrificed something so great, and what I mean by that is failure, athletic failure. To go into something that you really want to do, with so slim odds of success. I don’t know if they’ve ever risked anything like that. Business
people I’m sure have had those experiences, especially if you put your whole company on the line for something, but in reality if your business fails, you can go start another business. If you fail in Olympic trials, like I said, that may be your only shot. In another four years, you may be old and fat by that point, and didn’t hold things together, or something happened physically or mentally whatever…It’s a lot on a line, and I just felt they never experienced that, and if they had maybe they wouldn’t have taken this course of action.
MP: So clearly you’ve become older since the boycott and all-
GM: Thankfully!
MP: (Chuckles) –and more intellectually active, you know more, has your opinion of the boycott and your perspective of it changed?
GM: No, down to its basic raw facts, it was still a mistake. Even though there are some positives in there for me, it impacted the Olympics in a negative way for quite a while, and unfortunately you can’t go back and look at how everything leads from one step to another and put all the pieces together. But the Olympics are so commercialized these days; they’ve been taken over by the economic interests of governments and businesses. Governments are less apt to use the
Olympics as a political pawn, because there’s too much risk, however with that said India was going to boycott the Olympics this year because Dow chemical was one of the sponsors, so Dow has pulled out – or at lest hidden their sponsorship, their logos aren’t on it anymore, because of the bhopal incident, where 1000 people were killed in India for chemical spills, and chemical
releases – so they obviously don’t want to see some of the corporations in there, and you can’t really judge how somebody else feels about something like that when there’s something that valid involved in it: death. I still think it was a big mistake; it was wrong to use kids as a political weapon. It was just wrong. There was nothing positive that came out of it. Look where we are now, we’re in Afghanistan. The reason we didn’t go in there was because the Russians were in
Afghanistan. So it just makes no sense.
MP: Did you have any opinion on when the Russians boycotted in 1984?
GM: I still blame Jimmy Carter for that. Like I said, he had ruined it for a decade to come after that, because everyone was all “I’m gonna get back at you.” It was like two little kids playing.
You can’t play with my ball, fine you can’t come and play on my field. It was childish. For the
Russians to say, I think one of the reasons were security issues, it was ridiculous. I heard people saying when we boycotted, “Well it’s a good thing you didn’t go to Russia, because you guys could’ve gotten killed or something.” They’d obviously never been to communist country, which wants to make sure everything look perfect. Anybody who would’ve touched us over there would’ve been dealt with very harshly by their government. So it would’ve been the safest place in the world for us at the time. The Russians would’ve been very well taken care of over here, the eastern bloc nations. So it was just a shame, it was a great Olympics. I’ve got a lot of friends that went there and did really well, and had a great time. They see it very positively, which is what it’s supposed to be for.
MP: Can you comment on the friendship and the social aspect of swimming, and the respect the other athletes have for one another?
GM: Absolutely. Some of my best friends, guys I hang out with here in the city were guys on the
Olympics team. Like I said I’m going out to California, and I’m going to stay with my friend.
We were both on the ’80 team together and he was on the ’84 team. All swimmers, even you and me, we’ve all got stories we can share. Even 30 something years apart removed by age, we experienced the same things, I understand what you feel when you go through a race. Just when I was talking about 200 breast and 100 breast, your face changed because you knew exactly what I was talking about. There’s a brotherhood there, there’s a family there, and it a small community worldwide. And the older you get, the more you're gonna realize that athletics, and especially swimming because that’s all I really know about, you’ll run into people all over the place who were involved in swimming at one level or another, and you guys will share stories about it. And it won’t necessarily be about meets and times and things like that, it’ll be about practice and friends and who you knew, and where you went, and things like that, because performance always becomes secondary the older you get. Nobody sits around and says, “I did this and I did that. It’s just really cool that we all did the same thing.” It’s a great group of people, and I would not have spent the last 45 years in the swimming business, and remember I started at 5, so that tells you how old I am now, if I didn’t love the people who were in it.
MP: Do you think there’s a positive role that sports can play in national and international politics?
GM: Absolutely. It is, like I said before, it is teaching – you learn societal aspects. You learn how other people live, what’s important to them when you visit. When I was 22 years old I had been around the world a couple times, I had met people all over the world. My last trip was to
South Africa during Apartheid. To see the signs on the beach that said “Whites Only,” to see discrimination, but then go and give a clinic to a Zulu tribe, just eight of us. Eight little white kids out with about 300 little black kids, teaching them how to swim. It’s trying to break through some of these stereotypes that people have of you or you have of them. It’s really an educational process in a global scale. You really get what to understand what’s important to other people, and what they think of you. And you can be a great representative of a nation that you think people might not like that much. I still travel. I was in Poland two months ago, south Africa last month, and I’m going to Mexico next month, and when I go to these places I try to make sure that I’m polite, respectful, I understand their culture, and that I represent the United States in a very positive way. Because if they have a negative image based on our politicians, our press, or things like that, then personal interaction with these people will show them more than what they read in the newspaper, because the press will be less trusted than individuals will. So it’s a big responsibility on athletes to travel, but at the same time it’s a great opportunity to really impact the world in a better way.
MP: You’ve given back much to the sport since 1980, you’ve worked at more than 150 camps and clinics, and held a variety of coaching positions. Have you been able to use the disappointment of the boycott in a positive way to help others?
GM: I sure hope so. Everything I do I try to do to help people. Just from a business standpoint the drill of the week we give away on the website, we play 18,000 videos a day on youtube…for free as a way to give back to the swimming community, and the people maybe being introduced to it. We try to keep the writing and the things that we do very positive, I try to focus on as much of the positive aspects of sport as I can, with the understanding that sometimes people see it negatively. When I tell them if they’re doing something wrong, if they’re not committing fully, you try to teach people everything from goal setting to time management to realization. Some kid comes in and says “I want to make the Olympic Team, but I can only come to practice three days a week,” well one of these two things has to give. So you have to educate someone, so there’s a teaching process. And you have to understand with that teaching process, maybe making the
Olympic team wasn’t their goal, they’re saying that to make you happy, because they think that’s what you expect. And so if they’re goal was, “I want to get better on three workouts a week,” well that can happen but not up to the level that they have said. And then you have to get to the reasons that they said it, and so you really have to learn people and by doing that you end up learning so many cool things about people. What their ambitions are, and what they’re really looking for in life. I mean our app, we’ve had well over 100,000 downloads of the app, and there’s a fan wall in it and its mostly kids and I ask a question on the website, and I ask the same question in the app, which is what do you think swimmers want from practice. And all the coaches said work and technique and all that stuff, and that’s what people answered on the website. On the app, which kids use, they said I just want someone to talk to me; I just want someone to tell me how to do something. They just want feedback; they want to know that you know that they exist, that you know that they’re important enough for you to talk to as a coach.
And it’s incredible – you could go to any kid and not know anything about swimming, and go up
to them and tell them something…“Streamline better…get your head down…reach a little farther.” Say their name, anything. And they’re going to come back to practice the next day a happier swimmer. And it was incredible learning some of this stuff, and so that I can tell to other coaches and say, “Look, here’s how to make your practices a better and happier place.” So the business has given me an opportunity to learn what you guys want, what young swimmers want, and then we can help coaches deliver that. Everything is about keeping people happy and involved, and sadness is a brutal thing, and I don’t like seeing it at practice, even when kids are in serious, serious pain, which is a lot of fun for coaches, I want the kids to understand that it’s an opportunity for them. It’s a free health club. When you get older you're gonna have to spend so much money for a personal trainer, which is your coach, and a facility, which is the pool, and have that attention that you get. So it’s an opportunity as a kid that sometimes kids feel is a burden. I try to turn it around so they can understand it will all be over someday. The next thing you know you’ll be 50 years old, a little bit overweight, wishing you were young and fit again. It all disappears from that standpoint.
MP: What is the motivation behind your company Go Swim Productions? And have you been able to achieve what you set out to achieve?
GM: Never. Never achieve what you set out to achieve, at least I haven’t…I’ve always fallen short of every goal I’ve ever set, pretty much…except the high school state meet. My goals are really, really high, and so if I get close to them that’s pretty good, and I’m ok with it. But I’m never satisfied; I’ve never been satisfied…and the goal is to help people be better swimmers, understand the ratio between work and reward, understand there is a very simple path to success,
but that path is difficult, it’s hard work, it’s commitment, it’s dedication. Everybody wants a blue print to success, but it’s there. That’s what I try to do every week on Go Swim, and with the videos, and the athletes that I learned from and work with…this is not rocket science, this is “ok you have to swim with a certain purpose, you have to do it with a certain intensity, and you have to do it with a certain commitment.” If you do that you’re going to be better than you thought you could be. And I use the Olympic athletes to get those points across, they give good modeling, but most of the drills out there on youtube, none of them are the Olympic athletes.
About the only Olympic athlete that you get on the drills, there’s 400 drills on youtube now – or
400 videos, and pretty much the only Olympic athlete that are on those videos, that are given away for free, is me, and I’m the last Olympic athlete you want to see anymore. If I can’t get one of my swimmers to do something exactly right, I still swim well enough that I’m able to demonstrate something. But the goal of the business is to spread the word of swimming, and of proper swimming, and good swimming, and fast swimming…with the underlying message that if you do it all you’ll learn a lot of lessons, and eventually be a better person. And those better people can hopefully make a better world. Vast goals for a little swim technique company. It’s trickle up economics I guess, or trickle up society. Start with swimming and hopefully people will appreciate things, and they’ll do nice things for other people.
MP: Can you describe your current coaching job, and your current career in masters swimming?
GM: Yeah, I don’t swim as much as I should anymore because I’m busy. In the mornings I go to practice with my wife Rachel, who is head coach of Asphalt Green, and I basically serve as a volunteer and sometimes underwater coach. I’ll swim with the kids for part of the practice, and
then I’ll either film them or watch them underwater, and then I’ll show her the video, and then she’ll show it to the kids. She does the communication with the athletes. I’ll talk to the athletes, inspire them, and motivate them, and encourage them, and that sort of thing. So I have a presence there, but I’m not a fixture. I’ve been volunteer coaching for the past 15 years, I haven’t been paid to coach, because I have to stay involved in coaching in order to know that the things I teach and the things on the website are valid, but I can’t be committed enough to be on deck enough to really make the impact that I’d want to make. So I figure volunteering is probably the best way for that, so I don’t feel like I’ve let somebody down if I can’t make a practice or a meet or something like that, because there’s really nothing in it for me. To be honest with you I use that as a guilt trip on the kids if they’re not giving their best. I can say, “Look, I’m here for free.”
So if they like me it works, if they don’t they’re like, “You’re just stupid.” I try to use it in a positive way for them. I am coaching more masters right now. There’s a vacancy in the masters job here in New York City, so I’m helping out there, and I absolutely love it, because that is true teaching. You can rationalize and reason with adults in a way that’s more difficult for the young kids that are learning the same techniques. So if you have an eight year old and a 45 year old learning the same technique, you can use terms and physics and understanding with the adult that you can’t use with the kid. And I’m really enjoying that part of it; it’s pretty cool, because what you say just makes perfect sense and there’s no way they can refute it. So they kind of have to figure out how to do it, but you’re helping them do it. So I’m having a good time with that. I trained a couple years ago with a swimmer back in Maryland; he didn’t have anybody to train with, and so I did half his practices. I would do the second half of each one of his swims. So if he did 200 breast, I would do the second 100 and try to hold his pace up. And at the end of that I’d gotten back into pretty good shape, he went 56.00 in 100 breast, and I got up and I swam a meet
and I broke a few world records. I went 1:05 and 2:22 short course meters breastroke at 48 years old. It’s still in there, I can still be fast if I have the opportunity and put the time in. But it really has been lately that there has been less time for me, because I’m doing so much for other people in the sport, which is fine. That’s what age is all about. It’s less about me; it’s more about the other people.
MP: Looking back, what do you feel that you had to give up to be an Olympian?
GM: You never feel like you give up anything, because you're around the people that you love the most. Everybody is doing the same thing; you're not so special when you’re doing it. We put six people on the Olympic Team in our pool in Cincinnati. To even stand out…you couldn’t stand out. The only person that really stood out in those six people was Mary T. Meagher who held the world record in the 200 Fly for 18 years. How do you stand out in that? You are one of a group of people who are all striving for the same thing. You’re doing it together, you’re traveling together; you’re amongst your best friends all day long. The people who focus on sacrifice and athletics are the ones who have an experience committing themselves so much to it, and all they see is “I can’t go out and party tonight. I can’t do this, I can’t do that.” You’re doing what you want to be doing, and you’re doing it at a level that almost nobody else is, and it is just cool to be at that level. There is no such thing as bad peer pressure if you’re a committed athlete. Someone tells you, “let’s go out drinking”…“I can’t. Workout tomorrow morning.”…“What do you mean?”…“I can’t miss practice and I can’t go drinking with you.” And if they don’t understand that, you don’t want to be around that type of person anyway. So drugs and alcohol and all kinds of stuff like that…all those peer pressures disappear when you’re committed to athletics. And if
the people that are pressuring you to do those things don’t understand, then you don’t need to be around them. They’re not that cool, all that stuff disappears. You can do that stuff if you want, after you’re done. And you don’t even get in trouble for it because now you’re old enough to do them. Not the drugs, but…the other stuff…everybody’s impatient to be grown up, and there’s no reason to be. When you have the body and the physiology, and the time to be an athlete is when you’re young. To waste that on other stuff, what people consider you sacrifice by being an athlete, they’ve got it just mixed up. Half of those people who where partiers in high school are now trying to be triathletes when they’re older. Or they’re trying to do masters things, and they’re trying to be athletes, which is great, it’s a healthy lifestyle. But I feel many of them missed their opportunity when they were young. So I say to young people, take the opportunity now, party later, when it’s legal.
MP: Do you have any regrets regarding how you have spent your life dedicated to swimming?
GM: No, nothing. You can’t look back on anything – being an optimist means you’re always looking forward. You’re always looking for what you can do better and what can be a positive thing. If you sit there and look back on anything, I have very few memories of anything that were negative. I talked to people – I had a few different coaches, and I talked to people those guys’ coaches. I don’t remember anything negative about any of the coaches I swam for…nothing. I love them all, and some of them are known as really angry men. I get along with them fine, I have no problem with them. It’s an outlook on life. You’re either going to be positive or you’re going to be negative, you’re either going to look forward, or you’re going to look back. And if you spend your life looking back, it’s just – what a waste of time. I’m looking forward to what
my kids are going to be doing, not what happened in the past. Kyle and Samantha are the most important things to me; if I’m negative about anything that happened in my past, how do they look at it? Because they are my past. They’re 19 years old now, and in college, and I’ll see them next week for the holidays. Whatever I can do stay positive and happy. They’ve made it known that they’d like to have me around for a long time, which is a great thing to hear from your kids.
I’m doing my best, so regret has no place in that.
MP: Do you think that you chose the right sport?
GM: Goodness gracious. I’ll tell you one other story about my age group growing up. When I got out of school, I got an apartment with a friend of mine that I grew up with in Cleveland before I moved away from home. And we were sitting around one night and we were talking…we started talking about little league baseball as little kids. I said, “You know I don’t remember you playing little league baseball.” And he said, “Well I went out for tryouts this one day, and I was on deck for batting practice. And there was this guy, this pitcher just throwing the ball, and you could hear it coming, it would just ‘phwww pop,’ and just hit the catcher’s mitt.”
He said, “So I’m sitting there trying to time this pitch.” And he said, “The pitcher wound up, heaved the ball, hit the batter in the mouth, the batter goes down, his bat flies, there’s blood everywhere, everybody comes running.” He says, “It was horrible.” He says, “While nobody was looking I put the bat down, and I walked away, and I never played little league baseball.” I said,
“That is horrible.” He says, “It gets worse.” I say, “How can it get worse?” He said, “Well, you were the pitcher.” (Both laugh) Someone asked me if I remembered that, I said, “You know I hit so many guys, you’re asking me to pick one guy out?” I think I – I tried everything. I was a
decent athlete, but I would have never been any good at anything else. This is the sport I was destined to be good at it. I happened to love it, and I was exposed to some great, great coaches and some great motivation. It was the lottery of sports; that I just happened to be in the one that I was supposed to be good at, and that’s part of what the Olympics is. Had I loved baseball, my life would be totally different, because I wouldn’t have made the high school baseball team, but I might have been a sports writer. My outlook on life I think would still be the same, I don’t think that changes necessarily who you are, so I probably would be a sports writer, I’d probably – if we were here I’d probably be covering the Yankees…probably the Mets, I’m a little more of an underdog sort of guy. But I’d be really fat, eating hot dogs every day at the games. It’d be a different life.
MP: What advice might you offer to an aspiring high school or college athlete?
GM: Commit. Commit fully and completely. Be an Olympic Athlete, even if you’re not as fast or as big or as strong. Life your life as a real athlete, and it’ll stay with you forever, and that means limiting the partying time, managing your time, not worrying about your classes when you’re in swim practice, and not worrying about poor swim practice when your in class. Doing what you’re supposed to be doing when you’re doing it. Commit fully, it’s just for a few years, and then it’s gone…it’s done. It’s a great thing, and you’ll be happier, because you’ll be in such great shape. I tell the guys that I work with that it’s not about the swimming it’s just looking good for the girls. You get this great physique from all this work that you’re doing; it’s hard to maintain that. So you’re always looking for something positive to tell the young guys, so whatever it is you can connect with, that’s what you go for. Commit. It’s as simple as that. Be an
athlete, don’t be some weekend yahoo. If you’re in high school and college, this is your time…this is it. You’ve got to embrace it, take it, run with it, swim with it, everything. Be an athlete, because it’s really cool, you will never have as much time to just be an athlete as you do right now, and when it’s done you can do anything else you want to…anything. You have nothing but time left after it. The time to be an athlete is limited, so commit fully while you have the opportunity.
MP: Is there anything else you would like to add to the interview that we have not covered?
GM: Goodness I don’t think so. I think this was pretty comprehensive. I just want you to get a good grade, I want you to swim fast, pick a great college, and be happy. That’s why I will always do this sort of thing. Help out the next generation of great people. That’s what it’s all about. I can’t think of anything else…you?
MP: Sounds good to me.
GM: I was going to say the dog’s been quiet, but I forgot he’s not here; he’s at the dog park.
Alright?
MP: Alright.
Audio Time Indexing Log
Interviewer: Matt Petraites
Interviewee: Glenn Mills
Date of interview: December 22, 2011
Location of interview: Mr. Mills’ apartment, New York City
Audio type: mp3 file
5……………………..Being a young swimmer
10……………………Kyle’s cancer
15……………………High school meet
20……………………Life in Cincinnati
25……………………Current event knowledge
30……………………Olympic Trials
35……………………Motivation for ’84 Olympic Trials
40……………………The lawsuit
45……………………Michael Phelps
50……………………Congressional Gold Medal of Achievement
55……………………Bummed out about ’84 trials
60……………………Olympics as a political pawn
65……………………Clinics around the world
70……………………Kids need attention
75……………………Masters Swimming
80……………………Glenn the optimist
85……………………Closing thoughts
Interview Analysis
According to historian Edward Hallett Carr, “What is history?, is that it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past” (Carr). One way to have an unending dialogue between the present and the past is to become an oral historian. History teacher and author Glenn Whitman, in discussing oral history and The American Century Project, commented “ Often, as a result of this project, students feel empowered by the opportunity to “do history,” to directly engage with those individuals who made, witnessed, or were part of history, rather than spend the year reading about voiceless men and women in textbooks” (Whitman 7). In consideration of oral history and historical events, one particular event in the history of the United States was the boycott of the summer Olympics in Moscow in 1980, which was in response to the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan in 1979. Reflecting on the Olympic boycott, historian Nicholas Sarantakes stated,
“The boycott had no impact on the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Of that there can be no doubt. White House documents show, though, that no one ever thought keeping athletes from competing in Moscow stood a serious chance of forcing a withdrawal” (264). Swimmer Glenn
Mills was one of the U.S. athletes who made the Olympic team and was denied the opportunity to compete at the Olympics. The value of the interview with Glenn Mills is that it shows the impact of the 1980 Olympic boycott on the athletes who were not allowed to compete in the games.
The value of capturing oral history is that it provides an individual perspective along with an emotional element from someone who experienced the event. The interviewee can provide his own personal experience and often provides untold stories to the interviewer. The drawbacks of oral history are that it provides only one perspective, and the interviewee may embellish his
story, or have lapses in his memory regarding the event. The interviewee may also be biased in some way. The oral history provided by a primary source provides the historian with evidence to understand history.
Early in the interview, Mills discussed the motivation needed to become an Olympic athlete. In his case, his brother Kyle had provided much of Mills’ motivation for swimming. He reflected, “If there was anything positive that would come out of a brother’s death, it was the gift that he gave me to endure more pain. Rather from seeing a psychiatrist, or a psychologist, I just went to the pool and I would just work as hard as possible” (Mills qtd. in Petraites 5-6). Mills also commented on the motivation experienced by other Olympians, “I know a lot of Olympians that have been through some real tragic things, and they resurrect something good to come out of it” (Mills qtd. in Petraites 24). Mills attempted to drive home the point that the death of his brother, despite how tragic it was, had more of a positive effect on him than a negative one, and many other Olympians have dealt with a tragic experience and gained something positive from it and found their motivation.
A key point that Mills discussed throughout the interview was the concept of reaching one’s goal in the face of adversity. Although Mills missed out on the Olympic opportunity, he discussed that the boycott did not affect his training. He commented that the coaches kept their athletes sheltered. He stated, “The people around us did a lot to isolate us so that our focus could be strictly on athletics” (Mills qtd. in Petraites 29). When the boycott did happen, the coaches kept the athletes motivated by switching the goals. He stated, “When they announced the boycott, our coaches immediately switched our goals. We were still gonna have Olympic Trials, we were still gonna pick an Olympic Team, and they said, ‘We’re gonna put more people on the
Olympic Team, we’re gonna break more world records, break more American records.’ Those
were our goals” (Mills qtd. in Petraites 30-31). Mills pointed out that as an athlete facing adversity such as the boycott, his goal was to finish what he started, whether or not he would actually get to compete in the Olympics. Mills said, “This is all we’ve got from 1980, is making the team. And so I’m gonna stick up for all of us who finished the job (Mills qtd. in Petraites 31).
Mills deeply values completion, and urges youngsters and fellow swimmers to finish what they start.
Later in the interview Mills discussed sports versus politics. In Mills’ opinion, the boycott was wrong. He said, “No, down to its basic raw facts, it was still a mistake. Even though there are some positives in there for me, it impacted the Olympics in a negative way for quite a while, and unfortunately you can’t go back and look at how everything leads from one step to another and put all the pieces together” (Mills qtd. in Petraites 44). According to Mills, the purpose of the Olympics should be to bring the youth of the world together:
The way I see it sports are supposed to bring the youth of the world together, the youth of
the world are the future of the world, and if we can get kids of other nations and even
warring nations together and to realize that. When I competed against the Russians we
got along. We didn’t want to kill each other; we actually would laugh and have a good
time together. Our politicians hated each other. But athletes and the youth, we got along
all right. (Mills qtd. in Petraites 40-41)
Mills believes that there is a positive role that sports can play in politics. Mills stated, “And you can be a great representative of a nation that you think people might not like that much” (Mills qtd. in Petraites 47). The Olympics should be used to bring the people of different countries together, not to push them apart.
Mills’ opinion of the boycott did not differ from that of historians who claim that there was no value to the boycott, as it did not cause the Soviets to leave Afghanistan. As Mills pointed out, “There was nothing positive that came out of it. Look where we are now, we’re in
Afghanistan” (Mills qtd. in Petraites 44-45). This viewpoint is consistent with historian
Sarantakes who stated, “The boycott had no impact on the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Of that there can be no doubt. White House documents show, though, that no one ever thought keeping athletes from competing in Moscow stood a serious chance of forcing a withdrawal”
(264). However, Mills offered a valuable perspective from the point of view of the athlete, which can be a lesson for everyone. Adversity did not stop him or the other athletes from reaching their goals. They made the Olympic team. They took their training as far as they could go. They did not give up in the face of adversity. The strength of the interview was in this valuable perspective that was provided by Mills. Although at the time of the boycott Mills was young and somewhat shielded from the events of the boycott by his coaches, he is able to reflect back on the experience and provide the valuable lesson of not giving up. I expected Mills to disagree with the boycott, but what I learned from the interview is that the Olympic coaches helped the athletes to switch their goals to emphasize making the Olympic team. Mills made his goal by making the
Olympic team. He is a true Olympian. The positives of the Oral History Project for me were getting the chance to personally meet and interview Glenn Mills, and understanding his perspective and emotions on training for The Olympics and then experiencing the boycott.
Although the Oral History Project is a time-consuming project, it has been very worthwhile and I cannot think of any negatives to mention. The value of recording this oral history was expressed by historian James W. Loewen, “ Also do it for me and for the legion of other social scientists and historians who will come upon your students’ work ages hence – perhaps after you and they
are gone – and will learn important things about your community and how it was to live in what we, from our limited perspective, call “modern times”” (Loewen qtd. in Whitman x).
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Florida. 54.0 Jill Rogers,Cln,Pepsl.. 27.53 WalnutCreek 6.0 Bi1lBarrett.Cin.Pepsi 52.0 CamIB~rlzzl, Unal. 27.56 JerseyWahoos 5.0 Brian Roney. Industry 52.0 Debbie Risen, KC Blaz. , ...27 .59 Wlllon. :. .; 5.0 Peter Rocca. Con.plsnt. 50.0 27.59 Irvlne, CalIf. Hurricane. 5.0 John Simons. Cardinal. 46.0 ., 27.59 July 29.Aug. 2,1980 50 M. Pool Asht~bula ; : 5.g Barl Wei,Jk. ConQulstdr 45.0 27.60 ..World Record KCBlazers...: : 4.0 Ron Neugent, Wichita. 44.0 27.81 .American and U.S. Open Record Rlviera c 3.0 Chris Cavanaugh. De Anza. 44.0 DanaZ!?nnevylle, Berkeley. 27.64 t Amerlcen Record Worthington c 3.0 Holly Gre~n, Florlqa : 27.65 + World Beat, American, U.S. Open Beach 2.0 AlIson Orr, Hunlsvlll~ 27.68 and U.S. Club Record DadsClub: :.~~;:., 2.0 WOMEN Elaine Hall, SanlaClara 27.74 # U.S. Club Record Bernal.sGator , 2.0 50 M FREESTYLE-July 29 Michelle Maxlmo, Foxcalcher ..27 .75 Sarasota 1.0 Champlonahlp Fln~ls Sarah Gengler, Schroeder; 27.76 TEAM SCORING Commonweallh, ,1.0 Jill Sterkel. Longhorn. 26.21 JacquelIne Komrlj, Pelaluma. ..27.76 COMBINED MEN SusieThayer. BartowFly. 2640 JulleWlIllams, Mis. Vlelo 27 .79 Cinclnnaii Pepsi Marlins. 701.0 Florida. ; ..c. 345.0 Heather Strang. Gr. Lansing. ..26.46 Karen Jotiansson; Induslry HI. .27.80 MlsslonVlejo , 680.5 MissionViejo "..;, 345.0 Sue Habernlgg. Mis. VleJo 26.46 Slmone Kussellng, Sololar .: ..27.86 Longhorn 612.5 Dr,Pepper ,.322.0 Annte ~ett. Bartow Fly. ,26.73 Rebecca Kasl, New Hamps. ...27.g7 Florlda.c ,..,...577.0 Longhorn..c 226.5 Diane Wallner, Anoka BlaJl)e ...26.79 Donna Decker, Joll9t .: 27.90 Or.Pepper c :344.0 Conquistador 222.0 Amy Pless. Chapel Hill 26.60 ...;27.94 Concord-Pleaaant Hill 326.0 Cincinnati Pepsi Marlins. 219.0 Laurie Lehner. Unat. 26.96 27.99 IndustryHills 173.0 Concord.Plesant Hill. .., 201.5 Consolation Final. ...28.03 WalnutCreek , 117.0 WalnutCreek., 111.0 ..26.53 Cardinal. , ..". ., 116.0 IndustryHills ~ 87.0 27.03 28.09 Starlit. 114.0 Cardlnal :; 76.0 27.06 00. 28.10 Germantown , ,...c..100.0 Mesa. , ~ 74.0 2r.10 SantaClara 99.0 BadgerDolphin.., 74.0 27.11 DadsClub :, 73.0 Dads Club. ;. 71.0 Jane Abraham. Ladera Oaks. ..27.14 ..28.17 DeAnza c: 69.0 Beach , 55.0 Michele Reagan, Gr. Lansing. ..27.29 N.Baltlmore c 58.0 SantaClara 53.0 Liz Brown, Commonwealth. ..27.43 SantaBarbara...;...; 57.0 DeAnza : 4S.0 PrelIm. Beach 57:0 Wichita 44.0 SusieThayer. Bartow Fly. 26.~2 Bernal'sGator ~.."..32-0 DavidDouglas ; 35.0 Laurie L:ehner, Unat. 26.36 JolletYJets 34.0 26.54 ~~~r~:~~..:::..::.:::::::::::::~:~ NewHaven ;...;, 34.0 ...26.57 ..26.69 Plttsburgh, ".,.., 21.0 ArdenHills 34.0: 28.70 MemphlsState 15.0 Badger , 3t.0 .26.69 28.75 26.71 29.02 / ColoradoRaplds , 13,0 Starlit. , , , 31.0 WOMEN , Bernal'sGator...,...;; 30.0 :26.72 Cincinnati Pepsl Marlins 482.0 Reno, :.. ..., 25.0 .26.74 Longhorn , 386.0 Gr,Renton :..., 24.0 ...26.74 MisslonVleJo.., ,.335.5 Univ.oflowa 22.0 26.75 ...56.57 Florida. 232.0 N.Baltimore : 18.0 26.78 56.61 Nashvllle 188.5 Hurricane \...17.0 26.84 56.81 Concord.Pleasant HIll. 124.5 Stingray ; c17.0 26.87 ..56.99 Foxcatcher " 116.0 Athletes In Action. c. 16.0 26.87 57.19 Germantown , : 92.0 Cor'nmerceCIly ,..13.0 Jane Abraham, Ladera Oaks. ..26.90 57.82 IndustryHllIs ,.;.." 86,O IndlanValley ,.; 13.0 Marla Doelger, Wilton 26.93 I. ..57.88 StarlIt. , 83.0 SantaBarbara ,.., 1t.O! 26.94 ...58.41 AFOX 59.0 Splcer. ..., , t1.o . 26.94 Baylor. : 9.0 27.00 Tracy Spalding, Santa Clara. ..57.58 BartowFlyers...; ,..,.5~.0 , ...27.01 SantaBarbara c 46.0 Germantown c ' '..8.0 Mary Blrdsell, Industry. 57.87 SantaClara , 46.0 MemphlsState ; ,..7.0 ...27.05 Kim Carllsle, Cln. Pepsl. , 57.88 LaderaOaks , 41.5 Lakeside , ;, ,.7.0 27.07 Andrea Cross, Nashville. 57 .93 Cardlnal..: c 40.0 27.08 57.98 N.Baltlmore c 40.0 :: :: .':: :: : : : : : : ~:g Sue Scott. Foxcatcher , ..27.15 57.98 BellevueEast.." , 33.0 : 5.0 Wendy Boglloll. Cen. Jersey. ..27.16 ..58.11 Zwlcker.~ , 31.0 ..:.. 3.0 Mary Blrdsell. Industry HI. 27 .16 .., 58.45 Dynamo ,...,...30.0 ;. .c. ...3:0 Carol Borgman. Longhorn. 27.20 GreaterLanslng 29.0 2.0 Beth Washut. Ashtabula. 27.22 ..56.53 Norwln ~ 24.0 Lobo " 2.0 Buffy Horlander.lndlanapolis ..27.i8 .56.84 Dr.Pepper , 22.0 AlamoArea t.o Tracy Spaldlng. Santa Clara. ..27.30 , ...56.89 DeAnza c 21.0 West Valley. 1.0 Amy Caulkins. Florida. 27.35 ;. 56.97 Plttsburgh ,.; 18.0 INDIVIDUAL SCORING Barb Harris, Nebraska. 27.;15 , 57.13 27.36 57.39 CentraIJersey..., 17.0 WOMEN ," St.Petersburg..:~ 16.0 TracyCaulklns, NashvIlle. 95.5 27.38 57.46 KCOrchards , 15.0 Kim Linehan. Longhorn. 91.0 27.38 ...57.5j , Marybeth Linlmeier. M. VieJo ...80.0 Stlngary ; 14.0 ..,. ..27.40 ...57.52 AnokaBlalna ,., c...'13.0 Karin LaBerge. Germantown 74.0 ...27.40 ...57.53 Glendale 13.0 Cynthia Woodhead. Unat. 74.0 27.42 ...57.57 ChapeIHlIlY 12.0 70.0 27.43 57.69 Best Blue. c. 11.0 63.0 27.45 57.75 Paciflc " 11.0 60.0 .27.45 AndreaCross, Nashville. 57.77 Columbla, ,...9.0 56.0 ..2r.45 MichelleAmen, M. Vlejo. 57.84 MemphlsState , 8.0 56.0 ...27.47 Kim Carllsle, Cln. Pepsl 58.03 ..a ~'..1~~1"... Wnrln/Allnust FOR THE RECORD continued BethLutz, Dr. Pepper. 58.08 Heather Strang, Gr. Lansing. .2:06.81 Stephanie Elklns, Cln. Pepsl. .B:39.4B Libby Klnkead, Foxcatcher ...1:03.76 Beth Washut, Ashtabula 58.10 Melanie RIle, Industry 2:06.82 Karin LaBerge, Germantown .B:39.53 Theresa Andrews, N. Baltmre .1:03.65 LIz Brown, Commonwealth. ...58.26 Shelly Bleck, Wichita. 2:06.97 Laura Campazano.Unat. B:42.51 Joan Pennlngton, Longhorn. .1:04.03 Barb MaJor, Cardinal. 58.31 Sue Walsh, Zwlcker 2:06.97 Linda Irish, Longhorn. B:44:B4~ Diane Johannigman, C. Pepsi .1.04.65 Jane Abraham, Ladera Oaks. ..58.43 Darcl Bodner, Norwln 2:07.13 Linda Thompson, AFOX B:45.17 Darci Bodner, Norwln 1:04.66 Carol Landry, Lakeslde. 58.50 Sheryl Barnlcoat, M. VleJo 2:07 .25 KlmBlack,M.Vlejo B:4B.17 Con.oletlon Flnel. Barb Harris, Nebraska. 58.75 Annie Lett, Bartow Fly. 2:07.26 Florence Barker, M. VleJo B.4B.B9 Cami Berizzi, Unat. 1:04.66 Carol Borgmann, Longhorn. ...58.76 Darcee Douglas, KC Blazers. .2:07.27 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. B:4B.73 Margaret Hoefllch, Con-Plsn .1:05.37 Lynda White, Industry 58.82 Andrea Cross, NashvIlle. 2:07.31 M.J. Dressman, Cln. Pepsl ...B:4B.7B " Jull Schulte, Germantown 58.88 Sandy Mclntyre, Dynamo. ...1:05.45 Jennifer Hooker, M' VleJo 2:07.47 Cyndl McCullam, M. VleJo B:49.39 Meg McCully, St. Petrsbg .., .1:05.56 Stacy Smith, Hear1land 58.92 KlmStedman, Industry 2:07.58 Eney Jones, Florida. 6.49.77 Debbie Risen, KC Blazers. ...1 :05.59 Tenley Fisher, Longhorn. 58.92 Ellen Ferguson, M. VleJo 2:07,73 Mayuml Yokoyame, Industry. B:50.49 Patty Gavln, Foxcatcher 1:05.65 Marla Doelger, Wllton 58.92 Terl McKeever,lndustry 2:08.04 Melanie Dlon, Unat. B:50.9B Margaret Browne, M. Viejo 1,06.33 Ann Cremln, Ann Arbor. 59.06 JulIe WIllIams, M. Vlejo 2:08. n Maura Walsh, Industry HI. B:51.56 Tauna Vandeweghe, Fxctchr .1:06.71 Mlssy Gehan, Con-Plsnt, 59.07 Karen Welsel, Paramus'. 2:08.37 Julie Schulte, Germantown. ..B:52.08 PrelIm. Michele Reagan, Gr. Lansing. ..59.09 Vera Barker, M. VleJo 2:08.45 Jane Boyland, Germantown ..B:52.23 Kim Carllsle, Cln. Pepsi 1:03.47 Amy Caulkins, F1orlda 59.10 Kathy Shlpman, Punahou 2:08.48 Nancy Nemet, Unat. B:52.45 Lioda Jezek, Cardinal. 1:03.63 Ruth Elliott, Foxcatcher 59.18 Liz Mesmer, Blue Dol. 2:09.07 Shelly Bleck, Wlchlla B:52.50 Sue Walsh, Zwicker 1.03.81 JennlferHooker, M. Vlejo. 59.20 Susan Capshaw, Longhorn. ..2:09.54 DlanneGrlebel,Unat. B:53.03 Libby Klnkead, Foxcatcher ...1:03.84 Melanie Rile, Industry 59.20 Robin Flene, Con-Plsnt. 2:10.38 MargeeMacFarland, Con.Plsn.B:53.47 Theresa Andrews, N. Baltmre .1.04.25 Marianne McCaw, Unat. 59.26 Rebecca Kast, New Hampshre2:11.16 Maureen Jones, Sarasota B:54,OO Joan Pennlngton, Longhorn. .1:04.41 LIbby Kinkead, Foxcatcher 59.26 Diane Johannlgman, Cln.Pepsl .; DQ Kelly Gillesple, Glendale ,B:54.40 Diane Johannigman, C. Pepsi .1.04.57 Sara Llnke, Unat. ;59.37 Tiffany Cohen, Unat. B:54.BB 400 M FREESTYLE-July 31 oQ.arciBodner, Norwln 1:04.69 Robin Fiene, Con.Plsnt. ...: ...59.38 Judy Scovel, De Anza B:54.99 Champlon.hlp Fln.l. Margaret Hoefllch, Con.Plsn. 1:05.04 Jan UJevlch, Florida. ..., 59.38 Melody Barker, Mis. Vlelo B:55.16 Kym Llnehan, Longhorn. 4:07.77 Debbie Risen, KC Blazers. ...1:05.08 LInda Irish, Longhorn. 59.46 Molly Kueny, High Pt. B:55.B5 Cynthia Woodhead, Unat. .., .4:08.17 Meg McCully, St. Petrsbg 1:05.18 Liz Mesmer, Blue Dolflns 59.58 Lori Strong, Cln. Pepsl B:55.BB Stephanie Elklns, Cln. Pepsl ..4:11.58 Cami Berlzzi,Unat.. 1:05.20 Julie Williams, M. VieJo 59.61 Krys Napper, Mlchlana B:56.41 Marybeth Llnzmeler, M. Vlejo .4:11.92 Sandy Mclntyre, Dynamo. ...1:05.22 Donna Decker,Jollet 59.81 Brenda Borgh, Florida. B:57.00 Karjn LaBerge, Gerl!1ntwn 4:14.18 Tauna Vandeweghe, Fxcatchr 1:05.26 Kathy Shlpman, Punahou. 59.91 Lynette Gernaat, Florida. B:57.10 Linda Thompson, AFOX 4:14.31 Patty Gavin, F6xcatcher 1:05.41 JII) Rogers, Cin. Pepsl. 59.96 Jennifer Hooker, M. Vlejo B:57.77 Sf\errl Hanna, Unat. 4:15.52 ~argaret Browne, M. Vlejo ...1:05.44 Buffy Horlander, Indianapolis. .59.99 Cheryl Gjllett, AFOX B:57 .7B Linda Irish, Longhorn. 4:n94 ~Ien LewIs, Walnut Crk 1.05.59 Ellz. Cullen, Nashville. 1:00.04 Lynn Kennedy, Paramus B:59.00 Con.ol.tlon Fln.l. Lisa lorl, Vlneland 1.05.59 Lori Armbruster, Cln. Pepsl. ..1:00.05 Marla Pease, StarlIt. 9:00.97 Sabrina SaQehorn. Pacific. ..4:15.87 Kim Nicholson, Oregon. 1:05.65 LIsa Zelser, Merlden 1 :00.07 Cay Andres, Cen. Jersey. 9:01.17 Lynette Gernaat, Florida. 4:n70 Elaine Palmer, Bernal Gtr :. ..1.05.67 AmyPless,ChapeIHllI 1:00.12 Darcee Douglas, KC Blaz. 9:01.33 Eney Jones, Florida. ., 4:n89 Tenley Fisher, Longhorn c. ...1:05.78 Rebecca Kast, New Hmpshre .1:00.27 Jo6elyn Thomas, Longhorn, .9:02.54 Kelly Glllesple, Glendale 4:18.40 Stephanie Lister, Cola. Rpd ..1:05.85 Tanya Nielsen, Nashville. 1.00.39 Lynda White, Ind"stry HI. 9:02.73 Lynda Whlte.lndustrv HI 418.81 JennyRapp,Starlit 1:05.95. Gayle H~gel, Jersey Wah. 1:00.52 Michelle Brochner, Unat. 9:03.B6 Laura Campuzano, Unat. ...4:19.5u KarenTurner,Cln.Pepsi. ,..1:05.96 Karen Johansson, Industry. ..1:00.59 Vera Barker, M. Vlejo 9:04.56 Jud~Scovel,DeAnza. 4:19.83 ChrlsBreedy,Florida. 1:06.14 Karen Weisel, Paramus ...,. .1:00.64 SherylBarnicoat, M. VleJ~ 9:Q6.B3 M..J. Dressman, Cln. Pepsl ...4:26.08 Denise Lamb, Foxcatcher 1:06.15 Lynn Baker, DeAnza. 1:00.64 Corlnna Welnkofsky, Mesa. ..9:12.22 PrelIm. Susan O'Brlen, Curl. 1:06.29 LlsaDahl,lrvlne 1.00.91 AmelIa Nalll, Hlghllne 9:12.55 Kym Llnehan, Longhorn. 4:12.22 MaryWayte,Chinook ,1:06.31 Mary Ann Dempster, Nashville 1:02.61 Denette King, Nashv1l1e. 9:13.56 StephanleElklns, Cln. Pepsl. .4:12.84 Gwen Cross, Best Blue. 1.06.47 KlmStedman, l(1d(Jstry HI. ...9:15.71 200 M FREESTYLE-AugusI1 Marybeth Llnzmeler, M. Vlejo .4:14.59 Suzy Reynolds, Schroeder ...1:06.50 Susan Capshaw, Longhorn :. .9:16.92 Championship Finals Cynthia Woodhead, Unat. 4:14.70 Libby HIli, Santa Clara. ..., ..1:06.51 Cynthia Woodhead, Unat. 1:59.44 Linda Irlshl Longhorn. 4:14.84 Dlan Girard, Longhorn. 1.06.56 Marybeth Llnzmeier, M. Viejo .2:01.02 Karin LaBerge, Germantown .4:15.65 1500 M FREESTYLE-Augu.t 2 Kelly Beach, Ft. Lauderdle ...1:06.83 Mary T. Meagher, Cln. Pepsl. .2:01.45 Sherrl Hanna, Unat. 4:16.04 Final Re.ult. (TImed Flnel.) Rae Gregg, Nashville. 1:06.91 Kym Llnehan, Longhorn. 2:01.80 Linda Thompson, AFOX 4:16.39 Kym Llnehan, Longhorn. ..16.21.74 Tina Helm, Con-Plsnt 1:07.03 Stephanie Elklns, Cln. Pepsi ..2:01.94 Eney Jones, Florida. 4:17.19 Marybeth Llnzmeler, M. VleJo 16:29.76 Jane Esselstyn, Lake Erie. ...f:07.06 LIsa Buese, Cin. Pepsl 2:03.22 JudyScovel, DeAnza. 4:17.88 Karin LaBerge, Germantown 1B:32.14 ShellyCurruth, Florida c. 1:07.07 Michelle Amen, M. VleJo 2:04.41 Sabrina Sagehorn, Pacific. ..4:18.60 LInda Irish, Longhorn. : 16:34.80 Buffy Horlander,lndlanapolls 1:07.41 Gwen Cross, Best Blue. 2:04.47 LauraCampuzano,Unat.. 4:19.29 Laura Campuzano, Unat. 16:40.04 Kim Stedman, Industry HI. ...1:07.66 Consolallon Finals Lynette Gernaat, Florida. 4:19.31 LInda Thompson, AFOX 16.43.02 Karen Nicholson, Oregon. ...1:08.22 JIll Slerkel, Longhorn. 2:03.02 Lynda White, Industry HI. 4:19.46 EneyJones, Florida. ...c. ..16:46.90 Jan King, Huntsville.. 1:08.23 Susle Thayer, Bar1ow Fly. 2:03.70 M.J. Dressman, Cln. Pepsl ...4:20.14 SherrlHanna, Unat. 16.47.50 KalliChun,Aulea :.1:08.24 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 2:03.93 Kelly Glllesple, Glendale 4:20.31 JudyScovel,DeAnza. 16:4B.14 Ellen Buvik, Conquistador. ...1:08.25 Beth Washut, Ashtabula 2:04.49 Maura Walsh, Industry HI. 4:20.81 Dianne Grlebel, Unat. 1~.49.13 JanBaubus,AnnArbor 1'11.)1 Martha Jahn, Unat. 2:04.64 Jull Schulte, Germantown 4:21.03 Vera Barker, M,VieJo 16:51.09 Kelly Gillesple, Glendale 2:04.68 Brenda Borgh, Florida. 4:21.04 Kim Black, M. ,VleJo 1~:52.90 200 M BACKSTROKE-July 29 Maura Walsh, Industry. 2.04,87 Corlnna Welnkofsky, Mesa. ..4:21.05 Cheryl Glllett, AFOX 16:53.09 Chemplon.hlp Flnel. Tracy Spaldlng, Santa Clara. .2:07.58 Dianne Grlebel, Unat. 4:21.06 Tiffany Cohan, Unat. , ..16:53.24 Linda Jezek, Cardinal. 2'14.52 PrelIms Gwen Cross, Best Blue. ,4:21.18 Sabrina Sagehorn, Pacific. .16:55.9B Libby Kinkead, Foxcatcher ...2:15.65 Cynlhia Woodhead, Unat. 2:01.06 ShellyBleck,WlchIta 4:21.26 Maureen Jones, Sarasota ...1B:57.03 Joan Pennlngton, Longhorn. .2:16.22 Stephanie Elkins, Cin. Pepsl. .2:01.39 Nancy Nemet, Unat. 4:21.31 Lynette Gernaat, Florida. ...16:59.03 Kim Carllsle, Cin. Pepsl. ..'. ..2;16.39 Kym Llnehan, Longhorn. 2:02.16 Margee MacFarland, Con.Plsn4:21.46 Krys Napper, Michlana 16:59.72 Sue Waish. Zwlcker 2:)6.85 Mary T. Meagher, Cln. Pepsl ..2:02.35 Mary Meagher, Cln. Pepsl. ...4:21.78 Nancy Nemet, Unat. 16:59.7B Darcl Bodner, Norwin , 2:17.22 Marybeth Llnzmeler, M. VieJo .2:02.44 Kim Black, M. Vlejo .., 4:21.60 Jocelyn Thomas, Longhorn. 17:01,65 Dian Glrard, Longhorn. 2:17.94 LIsa Buese, Cln. Pepsl 2:03.64 MlchelleAmen, M.Vlejo 4:21.95 Florence Barker, M. Vlelo ...17:01.96 Meg McCully. St. Petrsbg 2:20.85 MlchelleAmen, M. Viejo 2:03.69 Melanie Dlon, Unat. 4.22.12 Molly Kueny, High Point. ...17:02.12 Con.oletlon Flnel. Gwel\Cross, Best Blue. 2.03.83 Lynn Kennedy, Paramus 4:22.30 Kelly Glllesple, Glendale 17:02.56 Tenley Fisher, Longhorn .'. ...2:16.99 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 2:03.64 Missy Gehan, Con.Pisn 4.22.61 Cay Andres, Cen. Jersey. ...17:03.75 Stephanie Lister, Cola. Rpds .2:18.12 Beth Washut, Ashtabula 2:03.98 Cyndl McCullam, M. Vlejo ., ..4:22.62 Jane Boyland, Germantown .17:04.04 Margaret Hoefllch, Con.Plsn. .2:18.43 Jill sterkel, Lollghorn 2.04.05 Jennifer Hooker, M. VleJo 4:22.96 MargeeMacFarland, Con.Pls 17:04.~3 Patty Gavin, Foxcatcher ..., .2:18.44 MarthaJahn,Unat 2:04.13 Darcee Douglas,KC Blazers. .4:23.26 Jull Schulte, Germantown ...17.04.69 Jenny Rapp, StarlIt. 2:19.67 Tracy spaldlng, Santa Clara. .2:04.44 Tracy Spaldlng, Santa Clara. .4:23,28 M.J. Dressman, Cln. Pepsl ..17:05.BO Sherrl Hayward, Worthlngton .2:19.93 Maura Walsh, Industry 2:04.45 Vera Barker, M. Vlejo 4.23.40 Diane Ursln, M. VleJo 17:09.50 ElainePalmer, Bernal's Gators2'21.19 Kelly Gillespie,Glondale 2.04.49 Sheryl Barnlcoat, M. VleJo. ...4:23.47 Lori Strong, Cln. Pepsl. 17:09.62 Shelly Curruth, Florida. 2:23.54 Susle Thayer, Bar1ow Fly. 2:04.55 Tlffahy Cohen, Unat. 4.24.01 Shelly Bleck, Wichita. 17:09.B6 PrelIm. Brenda Borgh, Florida. 2:05.05 Cay Andres, Cen. Jersey. .., .4:24.58 Jennifer Hooker, M. Vlejo ...17:10.34 !-Inda Jezek, Cardinal. 2:14.78 BethLutz,Dr.Pepper. 2:05.10 Jane Boyland, Germantown ..4:24.68 Lynn Kennedy, Paramus 17:12.14 Libby Klnkead, Foxcatcher ...2:15,58 sueHabernlgg,M. VleJo ,2:05.17 Bonnie Glasgow, KC Orchards4:25.52 Melanie Dlon, Unat. 17:12.49 Joan Pennington, Longhorn. .2'16.22 LInda Irish, Longhorn. 2:05.35 Marla Pease, StarlIt. 4:25.55 Sue Heon, Pittsburgh. 17:12.93 Darcl B9dner, Norw,n :. .2:16.82 Cyndl McCullam, M. VleJo ...17:15.27 Bonnie Glasgow, KC Orchards2:05.45 Jocelyn Thomas. Longhorn. .4.2605 Kim Carllsle, Cin. Pepsi 2:17.25 Juli schul(e, Germanlown ...2:05.58 Melanie RIle, Industry HI. 4:26.24 Melody Barker, M. Vlejo. 17:16.B1 Sue Walsh, Zwlcker -, 2:17.41 Mlssy Gehan, Con-Plsnt. 2.05.67 Kim Stedman,lndustry HI. ...4.26.56 Darcee Douglas, KC Blazers .17:21.5B Meg McCully, St. Petrsbg 2:18.2~ Judyscovel,DeAnza 2:05.69 Mayuml Yokoyama, Industry .4.26.94 AmelIa Nalli, Hlghllne 17:23.19 ~lan Glrard, Longhorn. ..., ..2;18.30 Marianne McCaw, Unat. 2:05.92 Patti Weldeman, Unat. 4:28.90 Denette King, NashvIlle. 17:24.25 Margaret Hoe111ch,Con-Plsn. .2:18.30 Corinna Weinkofsky, Mesa. ..2:05.93 Ellen Ferguson, M. Vlejo .: ; , .4:29.83 PattIWeideman,Unat.. 17:41.91 Patty Gavln, Foxcatcher 2:18.41 Lynette Gernaal, Florida. 2:06.08 Rebecca Kast, N. Hampshre, .4:34.57 Stephanie Porter, M. VleJo ..1B.05.46 JennyRapp,StarIlt 2:18.54 Margee MacFarland, Con.Pls. 2:06.39 Cassle Cochran, AFOX 1B:11.3B TenleyFisher. Longhorn. 2:18.65 Lynda White, Industry 2:06.42 600 M FREESTYLE-July 29 Stephanie Lister, Cola. Raplds2:18.80 Kelly Asplund, Con.Plsr\t. 2:06.46 Fln.1 Re.ults (TImed Fln.I.) 100 M BACKST!l°KE-July 31 ElalnePalmer, Bernal's Gators 2:19.39 .Kathy Trelble, Florida. 2:06.49 Kym Llnehan, Longhorn. 8:27.66 Ch.mplon.hlp Fln.l. Sherrl Hayward, Worthington .2:20.79 Elaine Palmer, Bernal Gt( 2:06.50 Cynthia Woodhead, Unat. 8:30.35 LlndaJezek,Cardlnal 1.03.16 ~helly Curruth, Florida. 2:21.06 Eney Jones, Florida. 2:06.65 Marybeth Llnzmeler, M. Vlejo .8:32.68 Sue Walsh, Zwicker 1:03.18 tauna Vandeweghe, Fxctcher 2:21.19 Sabrina sagehorn, Pacific. ..2:06.66 Sherrl Hanna, Unat. 8:37.13 Kiin Carllsle, Cln. Pepsl. 1:03.53 Nancy Hogshead, Florida. ...2:21.20 ~ Swimming World/August i7 FOR THE RECORDcon(lnUed Margaret Browne, M. Vlejo ...2:21.21 Helen Hyde,Blrgmlngham ...1:18.80 MaryBlrdsell, Industry 1:02.90 Carol Moyer, M. Vlejo. 2:18.43 Sandy Mclntyre, Dynamo. ...2:21.24 Maureen McLeay, Omaha. ...1:18.90 ~endy Boglloll, Cen. Jersey. .1:02.90 Michele Kurtzman, N. Bltmre .2:18.62 Caml Berlzzl, Unat. , : .2:21c27 Mary Ann Dempster,Nashvllle 1:20.86 §tephanle Elklns, Cln. Pepsl. .1:02.96 Diane Kutsunal, Punahou 2:18.11 Jan King, Huntsvllre. ...c. ...2:21.67 Stephanie Hopper, Best Blue. 1:02.99 Nancy McCrea, Space City. ..2:18.92 200 M BREASTSTROKE-July31 Chris Breedy, Florida. 2:21.76 Lelel Fonolmoana, M. Viejo ..1:03.06 Maria Pease, Starlit. .., 2:19.10 Champlon.hlp Flnala Tina Helm, Con-Plsn. , ...2:22.40 Lisa lorl, Vlneland 1:03.09 Holly Green, Florida, 2:19.10 Tracy Caulkins, Nashville. ...2:34.66 Ellen Lewis, Walnut Crk. :. ...2:22.50 Jill Symons, Cori-Plsnt. 1:03.12 Diane Ursin, M. VleJo 2:19.11 Terrl Baxter, LaderaOaks 2:34.66 Kalll Chun, Aulea .., , .2:22.54 Kathy Shlpman, Punahou 1:03.14 Stephanie Hopper, Best Blue. 2:19.21 Susan Rapp, Starlit. 2:35.08 Suzy Reynolds, Schroeder ...2:22.64 Sue Habernigg, M. V1ejo 1:03.17 Merldeth Williams, Unat.. 2:19.29 Kathy Smith, Bellevue E. 2:37 .21 -Debbie Risen, KC Blaz: 2:22.73 Jane Abraham, Ladera Oaks. .1 :03.24 Llbbie B~audet, Cardinal. 2:20.41 PollyWlnde, N. Baltmre. 2:37.30 Diana Zock, Woodlands. 2:22.87 Patty Gavln. Foxcatcher ...;. 1:03.31 JulIe Efflnger, Florida. 2.21.04 KathyTrelble, Florida. 2:37.45 Laura Barber, Pittsburgh. 2:22.95 Patty King, NashvIlle. 1:03.35 Karlnne Miller, Nashville. 2:21.05 Torry Blazey, Florida. 2:38.46 Lynn Reynolds, AlalT1o. 2:23.39 Marla Doelger, Wllton 1:03.76 Sue Anderson, Cln. Pepsl 2:22.02 Kim Rhodenbaugh, Cln. PepsI2:38,87 Theresa Andrews, N. Baltlmre 2:23.48 Bonnie Nash, Space City. 1:03.77 AngleWester, DeAnza 2:22.52 Con.olatlon Final. Cindy Biisbin, Un~t. ..." 2:23.79 Barb Harris, Nebraska. 1:03.80 Stephanie Porter, M. VleJo .'. .2:22.60 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 2:38.89 Shelly Carllsl9; Cln. Pepsl 2:23.93 Jodi Alexander, DeAnza 1:03.81 Julia Rltchle, Beach 2:22.11 EIleen Collier,Paramus 2:39.06 Zena Hermann, Cardinal.,. ...2:24.09 Heather Strang, Gr. Lansing. .1:03.83 Tracy Stanhoff, Beach. 2:23,54 Kim AisobJook, M. VleJo 2:39.40 RaeGregg,NashvIlle. 2:24.11 Melody Barker, M. Viejo 1:03.91 Beth O'Connor, Briarwood ...2:23.12 Carol Wlegand, Joliet 2:24.21 Sara Guldo, Longhorn. 2:39.66 Laura Blankley, SantaCruz ...1 :03.97 Julie Glnden, Dynamo. 2:39.86 DeniSe Lamb, Foxcatcher ...,2:24.26 JennyRapp,Starllt.. ..., 1:04.08 200 M IND. MEDLEY~Augu.t 1 Margaret Brown, Rlvlera 2:41.28 Michelle Hampton, Industry. .2:24.47 Terriane McGulrk, Lng Isld ...1:04.23 Ch.mplon.hlp Fln.l. Jackie Heeney, Santa Clara. .2:42.06 Susan O'Brien, Curl. : ...2:25.02 Macie PhIllIps, NashvIlle. 1:04.25 Tracy Caulkins, Nashville. ...2:14.64 PattyWaters,Stlngray.. 2:44.16 KimNicholson, Oregon. 2:25.61 Michele Kurtzman, N. Baltmre 1:04.27 Nancy Hogshead, Florida. ..,2:11.90 Prallm. Laura Warwlck, Dick Bower. .2:25.65 Teri McKeever, Industry 1:04.33 Joan Pennlngton, Longhorn. .2:18.60 Tracy Caulklns, NashvIlle. ...2:35.56 Krls Isackson, Florida. 2:27.46 Caml Berlzzi, Unat. 1:04.33 Karin LaBerge, Germantown .2:19.91 Terri Baxter, Ladera Oaks. ...2:36.72 Ellen Buvjk, CQnqulstador 2:27.89 (l.nn Ardell, Walnut Crk 1:04.37 Kim Carllsle, Cln. Pepsi 2:21.11 KathyTr~lble, Florida. 2:37.00 Jan Baubus;Ann Arbor. 2:28.94 Nancy McCrea, Space City. ..1 :04.~7 Rhonda Rape, Unat. 2:21.81 Kathy Smith, Bellevue E. 2:37.14 Leslie Maurer, San Dlegulto ..2:29.02 Karinne MIller, NashvIlle. 1:04.66 JulIe Ginden, Dynamo. 2.22.53 Susan Rapp, Starlit. 2:38.21 MaryWayte,Chlnook. 2:2Q.11 Mayumi Yokoyama, Industry .1:04.67 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 2:22.80 Kim Rhodenbaugh, Cln. Pepsl 2:38.52 Karen Nicholson, Oregon. ...2:29.78 Melinda Pitts, Jackson. 1:04.67 Con.oI8t1on Fln.l. PollyWlnde, N. Baltmre. 2:39.03 Kelly Beach, Ft. Lauderdle DQ Grace Whiteis, Rockv111e 1:04.68 Jenny Rapp, StarlIt. 2:21.28 -.Ior.ry Blazey, Florida. 2:39.21 Swlm.O" Mary Hurrell, Paramus. 1:04.70 Michele Klirtzman, N. Baltmre 2:21.41 Dlan Glrard, Longhorn. .., ...2.17.75 JulIe Glnden, Dynamo. 2:39.26 Leslie Grlmley, Santa Clara. .1:04.73 Sue Heon, Pittsburgh. 2:21.43 Margaret Brown, Rivlera. 2:39.46 Margaret Hoe'llch, Con.Plsnt. 2:18.79 Martina Bebln, Dr. Pepper. ...1:04.74 GayleHegel, Jers~y Wah. 2:22.06 Kim Aisobrook, M. Vlejo 2.39.86 Carol Borgmann, Longhorn. .1:04;75 Patty Gavln, Foxcatcher , 2:22.23 Eileen Collier, Paramus 2:39.92 ChrlsBreedy,Florlda. 1:04.77 Terrl Baxter, Ladera Oaks. ...2:22.66 100 MBREASTSTROKE-July 29 Sara Guido, Longhorn. 2:39.96 Diane Kutsunai, Punahou 1:04.81 Bonnie Glasgow, KC Orchards2:23.51 ChamplonshlpFlnals Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 2:40.17 AngieWester, DeAnza 1:04.92 Lori Armbruster, Cin. Pepsi ...2:25.44 Tracy Caulklns, NashvIlle. ..1:10.40. PattyWaters,Stlngray. 2:40.18 Linda Valerlo, Penguin. ,1:04.94 PrelIm. Terrl Baxter, Ladera Oaks. ...1:12.42 ~ackle Heeney, Santa Clara. .2:40.60 Andrea Cross, NashvIlle. 1:05.00 Tracy Caulkins, Nashville. ..: 2:11.46 Susan Rapp: Starlit. 1:1Z.93 g,aron Thomas, CLASS 2.40.67 Beth O'Connor, Briarwood ...1:05.06 Nancy Hogshead, Florida. ...2:18.80 Kim Rhodenbaugh, Cln. P9psl 1:12.97~ Michelle Merchant;Dads 2:40.97 Nancy Placak, Unat. 1:05.07 Karin LaBerge, Germantown .2:19.55 Kathy Smith, BellevueE. 1:13.10 Jennifer Baron, Longhorn. ...2:41.22 Sue Collins, Santa Clara. 1:05.27 Joan Pennington, Longhorn. .2:19.12 Patty Waters, Stingray. 1:13.57 Dana Morton, Cardinal. 2:41.39 MissyGehan, Con.Plsnt. 1:05.31 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 2:20.54 KathyTr9lble, Florida. 1:13.65 Kim Carlisle, Cln. Pepsl 2:20.64 ." Cindy Bodenstedt, Industry. .2:42.03 Carol Moyer, M. Viejo. 1:05.43 Kim Aisobrook, Mis. Viejo 1:13.80 Cassle Cochran, AFOX 2:42.10 Li~a Martinez,Longhorn 1:05.43 JulieGinden, Dynamo. -, 2:21.26 ---Conaolatlon Flnala Lisa Geiger, Germantown 2:42.26 SimoneKusseling, Solotar ...1.05.46 "ihonda Rape, Unat. 2:21.38 Taml Paumler;Columbia 1:14.19 Katie Hazelwood, Schroeder .2:42.77 JulIe Effinger, Florida. 1:05.54 GayleHegel, Jersey Wah. ...,2:21.44 PattySpees, Con-Pisn. 1:14.57 Diane Johnson, Industry. .., .2:42.88 Eliz. Cullen, Nashville. 1.05.57 Michele Kurtzman, N. Baltmre 2:21.55 Darcy Ruane, Unat. 1:14.82 ClndyTuftle, Con.Pisnt 2:43.14 Lisa McClain, Foxcatcher ., ..1:05;63 Sue Heon, Pittsburgh. 2:2t66 PollyWlnde, N. Baltmre. 1:14.86 JulIe Johnson, Santa Clara. ..2:43.49 Kim Stedman, Industry 1:05.91 JennyRapp,StarIlt 2:21.18 Julie Glnden, Dynamo. 1:14.98 Jan Ujevlch, Florida. 2:44.64 Teresa Massey, Tallahassee. 1:05.92 Patty Gavin, Foxcalcher 2:22.18 TorryBlazey,Florlda ,.1:14.99 Barb Mltchell,Tacoma 2'44.73 Llbbie Beaudet, Cardinal. 1:06.37 Terrl Baxter, Ladera Oaks. ...2:22.28 Michelle Merchant, Dads alub 1:15.91 Gayle Hegel, Jersey Wah. 2:44.81 Pam Haaland, M. Viejo 1:06.64 Lori Armbruster, Cin. Pepsi ...2:22.30 JacquelIne Komrlj,Petaluma DQ Martha Kltch, Heartland. 2.45.52 Sharon Herzog, Germantown .1:06.67 ~onnle G!asgow, KC Orchards2:22.81 Prellma Jennifer Luhn, W. Valley. 2.45.73 Tracy Stanhoff, Beach. 1:07.02 bian Glrard;Longhorn. 2:22.81 Tracy Caulklns, NashvIlle. ...1:11,42/ Michele Kurtzman, N. Baltmre 2:46.89 Jeanne Barkey, Lake Erie. ...1:07.36 rorl Hames, Hurricane. 2:23.03 Terri Baxter, Ladera Oaks. .,.1:12:47 DawnRodlghlero, Longhorn. .2.47.99 Amy Caulklns, Florida. 1:07.42 Jan Ujevlch, Florida. 2:23: 15 Kathy Smith, Bellevue E. 1:13.10 Lisa McClaln, Foxcatcher 2:48.08 Michelle Merchant, Dads. ...2:23.19 Susan Rapp,StarIlt c. 1:13.19 Shannon Orcuft, M. VleJo 2:48.26 200 M BUTTERFLY-July 30 Kathy Smith, Bellevue E. 2:23.33 Kim Rhodenbaugh, Cln.PepSI 1:13.24 Championship Finals Dori Vollmar,lndustry 2:49.34 Mary T. Meagher, Cin. Pepsi 2.06.37: . Diane Johnson, Industry. 2:23.82 Patty Waters, Stingray. 1:13.34 Taml Paumier, Columbia. DO Sheryl Brosseau, Starlit. 2:23.85 Kathyrrelble, Florida. , 1:13.45 Patty Spees, Con.Pisnt. DO Nancy Hogshead, Florida. ...2:11.07 Jodi Alexander, De Anza 2:23.91 ~Im Aisobrook, M. VleJoc :. ..1:13.74 Patrlce Delaney, De Anza DO Kym Linehan,Longhorn ...; .2:11.57 Chrlsll Woolger, Ft. Laudrdle .2:24.04 Darcy Ruane, Unat. 1:14.00 Linda Thompson, AFOX 2:11.70 Sue Walsh, Zwicker 2:24.08 Polly Wlnde, N. Baltimre 1:14.07 100 M BUTTERFLY-Augu.t2 Diane Johannigman, Cln. Pep. 2:12.4e Melissa Rossle, CLASS. 2:24.14 Torry Blazey, Florida. 1:14.10 Champlon.hlp Final. BetsyRapp,StarIlt. 2:13.96 Lisa Martinez, Longhorn. 2:24.41 PattySpees,Con.Plsn. ..,...1:14.49 Mary T. Meagher, Cin, Pepsi ...59.41 Mayuml Yokoyama, Industry .2:14;32 Shelley Carllsle, Cin. Pepsl. ..2.24.63 JulIe Glnden, Dynamo. 1:14.57 Tracy Caulkins, Nashville. ...1:00.75 Lisa Buese,Cin. Pepsl. ,2:15.45 Sara Linke, Unat. 2.24.66 1'aml Paumler, Columbia. 1:14.59 Lisa Buese, Cln. Pepsl 1:01.05 Consolation Finals Janet Buchan, Tacoma. 2:24.88 Michelle Merchant, Dads Club 1:14.79 Diane Johannigman, C. Pepsl .1 :01.33 Macie Phillips, NashvIlle. ...2:15.35 Amy Winter, Dr. Pepper. 2:24.90 ~acqueline Komrlj, Petaluma .1:14.95 JiIlSt~rkel,Lorighorn ;1:01.67 Maryann Brandlger, Albuqrqe .2:15.59 Jennifer Baron, Longhorn. ...2:25.01 J.1argaret Brown, Rivlera 1:15.05 Laurie Lehner, Unat. 1:01.76 Melody Barker, M. Viejo ., 2:15.62 Michelle Amen, M. Vlejo .., ..2:25.20 Stephanie Woodburn, M. Vlejo 1:15.06 Nancy Hogshead, FJorida. ...1:02.09 Kelly G111espie,G]endale 2:15.82 Amy Pless, Chapel Hill 2:2531 CindyTuttle, Con-Plsnt 1:15.46 Joan Pennlngton, Longhorn. .1:02.57 Terl McKeever, Industry 2:16.37 Katie Hazelwood, Schroeder .2:25.58 Shannon Orcutt, M. Viejo 1:15.49 Con.olatlon Final. Maura Walsh, Industry. 2:16.50 Carol Borgmann, Longhorn. .2:25.64 Jennl'er Baron, Longhorn. ...1:15.53 Sue Anderson, Cin. Pepsl 1:02.09 Sandi Sclples, Memphis. .c. 2:16.57 Lisa McClain, Foxcatcher 2:25.81 MegWrlght,Merlden 1:15.56 Wendy Bogljoll, Cen. Jersey. .1:02.30 Patty King, NashvIlle. 2:16.87 Linda Jezek, Cardinal. 2:25.92 Heather Davis, Unat. 1:15.7Z Sandi Sclples; Memphis. 1:02.52 PrelIms Melody Barker, M. Vlejo. ..., .2:25.99 Dana Morton, Cardinal. 1:16.18 Linda Thompson, AFOX 1:02.68 MaryT. Meagher, Cin. Pepsl. .2.10.79 Libbie Beaudet, Cardinal. 2:26.21 Kristin Samuelson, Dynamo. .1:16.20 MaryBlrdsell,lndustry 1:02.77 Nancy Hogshead, Florida. ...2:11.67 Tawny Hood, M. Vlejo 2.26.92 Martha Kltch, Heartland. 1:16.39 Holly Green, Florida. 1:02.84 Linda Thompson, AFOX 2:1Z.69 PollyWlnde, N. Baltmre. 2:26.98 Jackie Heeney, Santa Clara. .1:16.46 Juiia Ritchle, Beach. 1:03.06 Kym Llnehan, Longhorn. 2:13.91 Mary Ann Dempster, NashvillfJ2:21.89 Lisa McClaln, Foxcatcher 1:16.64 BetsyRapp,StarIlt 1.03.31 lisa Buese, Cln. Pepsl ., ,2:14.02 Diane Ursin, M. Vlejo 2:28.09 DianeJohnson, Industry. 1:16.64 Prallm. Betsy Rapp, Starl11. ;.2:14.21 Sue HabfJrnigg, M. Viejo 2:28.58 Gayle Hegel, Jersey Wah. 1:16,66 Joan Pennlngton, Longhorn. .1:01.31 Diane Johannigman, Cin. Pep 2.14.34 patty Waters, Stingray" 2:30.50 Amy Winter, Dr. Pepper. .., .,1:16.69 Diane Johannigman, C. Pepsl. 1.01.49 J!1.ayumi Yokoyama, Industry .2:14.41 Sara Guldo; LonQhorn 1:16.88 MaryT. Meagher, Cin. Pepsi ..1:01.50 Macle PhIllIps, NashvIlle, ., ..2:15, 13 400 M IND. MEDLEY-July 30 KathyClarke, DeAnza. 1:16.89 T(acy Caulkins, NashvIlle. ...1:01.58 Terl McKeever,lndustry c 2:15.71 Ch.mplon.hlp Fln.l. KerryStewart, Tacoma. 1:16.93 Lisa Buese, Cin. Pepsi 1:01.58 Melody Barker, M. Viejo 2:15.72 Tracy Caulkins, Nashville. ..4:40.61. Barb Mitchell, Tacoma. 1:18.94 Jill Sterkel, Longhorn. 1:01.86 Sandi Sciples, Memphis. 2:16.09 Nancy Hogshead, Florida. ...4.41.81 Chrlssy L!han, Ft. Lauderd! ...1:16.95 Laurie Lehner, Unat. 1:02.10 Patty King, Nashville. 2:16.36 KarinLaBerge, Germantown .4:49.61 Cassle Cochran,AFOX 1:17.09 ~ancyHogshead, Florida, ...1:02.31 Kelly GII)espie, Glendale ..., .2:16,80 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 4:50.39 Lisa MIller, Memphis. 1:17.27 Linda Thompson, AFOX 1:02.38 Maryann Brandlger, Albuqrqe .2:16.92 Joan Penn\ngton, Longhorn. .4:54.68 ElleenCoIller, Paramus 1:17.83 HollyGreen,Florida. .., ..." 1:02.41 ~auraWalsh,lndustry .." ...2:17.07 Bonnie Glasgow, KC Orchards4:58.61 Dawn Rodlghlero, Longhorn. .1:17.87 Sandi Sclples, Memphis. 1:02.47 1:isa Martinez, Longhorn. 2.;7.92 Sue Heon;Pittsburgh ..., .,4:58.81 Katie Hazelwood, Schroeder .1:17.96 Sue Anderson, Clnc Pepsl .., .1 :02.49 Jodi Alexander, De Anza 2:17.95 DlaneUrsin,M.Viejo ,Da P9ggyTormey,AFOX. 1:16.16 BetsyRapp,StarIlt..; 1:02.61 Martina Bebln, Dr. Pepper. ...2:18.13 Consol.tlon Fln81. SueFlynn, Foxcatcher 1:18.79 JuliaRltchie,Beach. ..,., ., ,1:02,73 Terrianne McGulrk, Lnglsld ..2:18.25 Mayumi Yokoyama, Industry. 4:53.11 88 SwimmJng World/August -- FOR THE RECORD continued VeraBarker,M:Vlejo. ,. .4:55.70 longhorn 3:50.14 'Gary Schatz, Longhorn, ' , , , ...23'.31 Chris Cavanaugh,De Anza 50.26 Kay Lundy, Coro"ado 4:58.25 MisslonVlejo , 3:50.46 Sam Jones, Unat. 23.32 Kris Kirchner, Longhorn. 51.21 Tori Hames, Hurricane. 4:58.65 FlorldaB , 3:53.09 ChrlsCavanaugh, DeAnze. ., ..23.38 Jim Mo:ntgomery, Dr. Pepper. ..51.32 Julie Glnden, Dynamo. ..., ..4:58.82 Concord.Pleasant HI11 3:53.31 Kim Davis, Dr. Pepper. 23.39 Greg Kraus, Dr. Pepper .., 51.41 Sara Llflke, Unat. ; 4:59.02 Nashville. 3:54.63 David Hart, Stingray. 23.42 Gary Schatz, Longhorn. 51.52 Jill Symons;Con-Plsnt. .., ...4:59.72 Foxcatcher 3:55.20 Kevin De F'orest, Longhorn. ...23.44 ScottFindorff, Badger Dol. , ...51.57 Patty Gavln, Foxcatcher 5:00.04 Dr.Pepper 3:55.25 Rob Ramlrez. Florida. 23.44 Andy Schmidt, Dads. 51.66 PrelIms MisslonVleJoB 3:55f36 ,B!)Jce Stahl, Santa Barbara. ...23.45 Con.olallon Final. Tracy Caulklns, Nashville. ...4:45.77 santaClara 3:55.52 ~ohn Spauldlng, Dr. Pepper. ...23.48 JerrySpencer,M.VieJo. 51.19 Karin LaBerge, Germantown .4:52.25 IndustryHllI 3:56.00 Steve Wyatt,Conqulstador 23.50 Andy VeriscDr. Pepper. 51.29 Anne Tweedy, Santa Barbara. 4:53.76 Cincinnati Peps( MarlIns B ...3:56.47 PhIIPerdue,Starllt 23.55 John Ebuna, Commerce Cty ...51.45 Nancy Hogshead, Florida. ...4:54.89 Florlda 3:58.15 Ken McLaughlin, Cln. Pepsl. ...23.57 .GeoffGaberlno,Baylor 51.51 J"an Pennlngton, Longhorn. .4:56.52 starllt 3:58.18 Kris Klrchner, Longhorn. 23.59 Robin Leamy, M. Viejo 51.63 Bonnie Glasgow. KC Orchards4:57.35 CentraIJersey..; 3:58.46 Wayne Madsen, Park Ridge. ...23.62 SamJones,Un~t , 51.67 $ue Heon, Pittsburgh. ..., ..4:57.58 DeAnza 3:59.45 Andy Verls, Dr. Pepper. 23.63 Richard Thornton, Con.Plsnt. ..51.66 -.Qlane Ursln, M. Vlejo .., 4:57.76 Cincinnati Pepsl MarlIns C .., 3:59.59 Richard Hess, Dr. Pepper. 23.65 Doug Northway, Conquistador. 52.13 Julie Glnden, Dynamo. 4:57.84 Concord-Pleasant HIll B 3:59.63 Eric Finical, Conquistador. 23.66 PrelIm. JIll Symons, Con-Plsnt. 4:58.03 longhornB 3:59.64 Dave Boatwrlght, Con.Plsnt. ...23.67 RowdyGaines, Florida. 49.61 t Vera Barker, M. Vlejo , .4:58.43 NashvlIleB 4:00.31 John Ebuna, Commerce Cty ...23.68 Chrfs Cavanaugh, De Anza 50.66 Mayuml Yokoyama, Ind~stry .4:58.91 MisslonVleJoC , 4:00.76 Donald Hornby, Broward 23.69 Krls Klrchner, Longhorn. 50.74 Kay Lundy, Coronado 4:58.98 santaClaraB"..., ,..4:01.11 Jim Ferstel, Park Ridge. 23.71 Scol! Findorff, Badger Dol. 50.63 Sara Llnke, Unat. ,. ..4:59.45 IndustryHIlIB 4:01.30 Brad Herlng.Joe PhillIps. 23.77 Gary Schatz, Longhorn. 50.65 Patty Gavln, Foxcatcher 4:59.73 WalnutCreek ; 4:01.51 MlkeKelly,Splcer , 23.80 Jjm Montgomery, Dr. Pepper. ..51.14 ~orl Hames,Hurrlcane 4:59.89 Rockvllle 4:02.14 Jim Montgomery, Dr.Pepper ...23.81 Greg Kraus, DrcPepper 51.29 Dlan Glrard, Longhorn. 4:59.92 BernarsGator ,. ..". ...4:02.19 Mike St. Denis, Florida. ..., ...23.82 ~ndy Schmidt, Dads. 51.32 Gwen Cross, Best Blue. 5:00.64 Germantown. , ...4:02.71 Joe Gentile. Ft. Lauderdle 23.85 ~amJones,Unat 51.41 Jenny Rapp, StarlIt. 5:00.71 FoxcatcherB 4:03.86 Matt Grlbble. Hurricane. ; 23.86 Andy Verls, Dr. Pepper. 51.43 Kelly Burke, Wichita. 5:01.18 IndustryHlIIC 4:04.06 Doug Elenz, Sullalr , ...23.8i John Ebuna, Commerce Cty ...51.47 Jane Boyland, Germantown ..5:01.38 Paramus Red Wave; 4:04.16 Ron Manganlello, Stingray. 23.88 Geoff G~berlno, Baylor. 51.47 Terrl Baxter, Lacjera Oaks. ...5:02.82 MisslonVleJoD 4:04.97 Randy Ensminger, M. Vlejo 23.88 Richard Thornton, Con.Plsnt. ..51.61 Claire Sanders, Nashville. ...5:02.82 Berkeley , 4:05.98 B~rt Ebblnghaus. Wal. Crk. 23.89 Jerry Spencer, M. VleJ6 51.65 Brenda Borgh, Florida. 5:02.94 IndustryHlIID, ,...; 4:07.61 Geoff Gaberino, Baylor. 23.91 -Doug Northway, Conqstdr 51.66 ShellyCarllsle, Cln. Pepsl 5:03.02 Ft.lauderdalec DQ Brendan McCarthy, N. River. ...23.93 -.e(Jbin Leamy, M. Viejo .c. 51.66 Sandy Ferrln, Santa Clara. ...5:03.21 ArtGrlffith,M.Vlejo 23.96 Bruce Stahl, Santa Barbara. ...51.72 Sharon Thomas, CLASS. ...: 5:03.74 800 M FREE RElAY-August 1 John Smith, Longhorn. 23.96 Bill Barrel!, Cin. Pepsi 51.75 Final Results (TImed Finals) Diane Johnson, Industry. 5:04.22 Joe Bol!om, WaJnut Crk. 51.60 Cincinnati Pepsl Marlins. ..8.13.07 + MlkeHayhurst, Nebraska. 23.97 Diana lock, Woodlands. 5:04.33 Sam Franklin, Conquistador. ..23.99 PhIIPerdue,StarIlt 51.87 LIsa Martinez, Longhorn. 5.04.79 longhorn 8.16.45 Greg Salomon, Starlit. 23.99 DavidLarson, Florida. 51.90 Florida. 8:18.35 Nancy Bauman, Germantown .5:05.15 Bob Murray, Ann Arbor. 24.00 Ken McLaughlln, ClncPepsl. ...51.91 PattlWeideman, Unat.. , .5.05.15 MisslonViejo 8.19.29 ChrlstopherSIlva, Ladera Oaks. 24.01 RlchardHess, Dr. Pepper. 51.97 Concord-Pleasant HIll. 8:20.42 Jennifer Baron, Longhorn. , ..5.05.28 Jim Hadly, Foxcatcher 24.01 Brendan McCarthy, N. River. ...51.97 Heather Aust, Ft. Lauderdle ..5:05.44 IndustryHills 8.24.90 Steve Wood, Florida. 24.08 Kirk Peppas, Hurricane. 52.02 LIsa McClaln, Foxcatcher 5.06.29 Nashvllle.., 8:25,75 Carl Maler. Stingray. 24.08 Brad Herlng, Joe Phillips. 52.02 Cincinnati Pepsl MarlIns B ...8.26.72 DaleEtnyre,St.Charles. 5:06.59 ~Pat Looby, HuntsvIlle. 24.09 Steve Wyal!, Conqulstdr 52.03 Germantown. 8:27.3i Melissa Rossle, CLASS. 5:07 .22 Bruce Furniss, Beach. 52.05 MissionVI~joB..., 8:29.79 ClayBrltt,Starlit c..24.10 Shelly Bleck, Wichita. 5:07 .82 Karl Welss, Badger Dol. 24.11 Steve Wood, Florida. 52.09 Jude DeSando, Rockville ...5:08.22 MisslonVlejoC 8:29.85 Mike Doyle, Con.Plsnt. 24.12 ArtGrifflth,M.Vlejo 52.09 Michelle Merchant, Dads. ., .5:08.89 santaClara 8:31.11 Jack Oppel, Dr. Pepper. 24.13 Mal! Grlbble, Hurricane. 52.13 DeAnza 8:31.49 Stephanie Munatones, Beach 5.09.86 Greg Asplund, San Jose. 24.13 KIm Davis, Dr. Pepper. 52.14 AmyWinter, Dr. Pepper. 5.10.59 Foxcatcher 8:31.56 Mark Greenwood, Industry. 24.13 CarfMaler, Stingray. 52.15 Mary Ann Dempster,NashvIlle5:10.65 CentralJersey" ..'. ...: , ...8:33.26 Lou Kammerer,Badger Dol. 24.13 Bar1 Ebblnghaus, Wal. Crk 52.17 LIsa Hazen, Arden Hills, 5.10.75 FlorldaB , 8:33.86 Craig Dlnkel, Beach. 24.14 Mike Brown,M. Viejo .: 52.18 Cassle Cochran, AFOX .., ...5:10,79 Dr.Pepper , 8:34.81 Mark Welker, Dr. Pepper. 24.16 Joe Gentile, Ft. Lauderdle 52.22 Katie Hazelwood, Schroeder .5:11.59 Beach ;; 8:35.93 Jim Winegarner, Dr. Pepper. ...24.19 Donald Hornby, Broviard 52.25 Jennifer Nye, Florida. , .5.12.73 BernarsGator ,..,8:36.89 Bruce Foster, Tallahas$ee 24.19 Eric Finical, Conqustdr ., 52.27 Stephanie Porter, M. Vlejo ...5.12.76 long.hornB " 8:37.63 James Brown, Aggle 24.23 John Smllh, Longhorn. 52.29 Jocelyn Thomas, Longhorn. .5:13.69 starllt c 8:38.52 NirShamir,Mis.Vlejo.. 24.24 David Hart, Stingray. ,. .52.29 Darcee Douglas,KC Blazers. .5:13:72 Ft.lauderdale 8:40.86 Ed Bahan, Bernal's Gtf 24.25 Rich Saeger, M. Vlejo 52.32 Michelle Hampton, Industry. .5:16.01 Paramus Red Wave. 8:41.10 Jim Alexander, Starlit. 24.26 Jack Oppel, Dr. Pepper. .., 52.32 Cincinnati Pepsl MarllnsC ...8:41.12 KellyBurke,Wichita Da John Fields, Bolles , 24.26 Mark Greenwood, Industry. 52.33 GayleHegel;JerseyWah. ..., ...DO Rockvllle , , 8:41-79 Tom Redlg. ParkRldge 24.26 Bobby Hackel!, Bernal Gtr , 52.37 Rhonda Rape, Unat. Da Concord.Pleasant Hill B 8:42.68 Vlc Swanson, Cascade. 24.29 Cress Templeton, Cln. Pepsl ...52.37 Tawny Hood, M. Vlejo ...Da Mission VieJo D ,. , ..8:43.32 Kirk Peppas, Hurricane. 24.33 BobBugg,Unat 52.39 IndustryHillsB ;,; 8:43.72 400 M MEDLEY RELAY-Augu.t 2 Randy Espenshled, Unat. 24.33 Kevin DeForest, Longhorn. ...52.39 IndustryHII!sC ,...8:44.55 FInal Result. (TImed Fln,I.) Mike Kelly, CLASS. , , .24.34 Craig Dlnkel, Beach. , 52.40 NashvIlleB ;. .8:44.85 Cincinnati Pepsl Marlins. 4:17.81 Lee Cassldy, Hurricane. , 24.39 Jim Hadly, Foxcatcher 52.51 WalnutCreek ;."...8:48.69 Foxcatcher..., ,4:18.91 Pat Nitsoh, Dads :.. 52.62 FoxcatcherB 8.56.06 RlckFlelds,Badger. ,.. 24.40 Cincinnati Pepsl Marlins B ...4:20.22 David Berg, Dr. Pepper. 24.42 Bob Murray, Ann Arbor. 52.65 Hlghllne , : DQ Concord.Pleasant HIll. 4:20.25 DavldReed, Mis. Vlejo 24.43 Dan Stephenson, Ann Arbor. ..52.70 Nashvllle 4.20.67 MEN Tom Harvlll. Riverside. 24.45 ChuckSharpe,Cln,Pepsl. 52.74 Longhorn 4:20.70 50 M FREEsTYlE-July 29 JayPosey,Unat., 24.50 Jim Ferstel, Park Ridge.. 52.88 MisslonVlejo.., ,...4:20.94 qhamplonshlp Finals PatNitsch,Dads ;.,..24;50 Mike Doyle, C()n.Pisnt. 52.98 MissionVlejoB 4:22.80 JoeBottom, Walnut Crk. 23.07 Jeff Paulson.S. Snohomish , ...24.56 Pat Looby, Huntsville. 52.99 Starlit. 4:22.97 Jerry Spencer, Mis. Viejo 23.14 Eric Sandberg, Edina 24.56 Mike St. Denls, Florida. 53.04 Florida. 4:23,'15 David McCagg, Unat. 23.20 Craig Buchmann, Aggie :. .24.59 Rob Ramlrez, Florida. 53.08 FlorldaB ,..;4:23.31 Boyd Crisler, Florida. 23.21 Hunter Richmond, Dr. Pepper. .24.60 John Spaulding, Dr. Pepper. ...53.12 SantaClara :4:24.07 Rowdy Gaines, Florida. 23.23 Dave Benjamin, Badger. 24.62 Boyd Crlsler, Florida. c. ...53.35 Longhorn B. 4:25.64 scottFlndorff, Badger Dol, 23.34 , BIll NevIlle, Mis Viejo. 24.64 David Reed, M. Vlejo 53.36 WalnutCreek 4:26.21 Rick DeMont, Unal. 23.49 Drew Donovan, N.E. Barracudas24.70 Davil! Cunnlngham, Conqulstdr 53.37 Concord.Pleasant HllIB 4:26.70 Robin leamy, Mis.Vlejo. 23.53 Tom Pederson, Ann Arbor. ...24.74 Ricky Bodor, Dads. 53.55 lndustryHllIs 4:26.88 ConsolatIon Finals Tom Huber, Schroeder 24.74 MlkeKelly,Splcer 53.55 IndustryHllIsB 4:28.69 Bruce stahl, Santa Barbara. ...23.25 TrentLyght,Starlit 24.76 Randy Espenshled, Unat. 53.66 Trent Lyght, StarlIt" 53.88 (;entraIJersey 4:28.82 Gary Schatz, longhorn. 23.32 JackGauthier, Spicer 24.78 Ft.Lauderdale 4:29.49 ChrlsCavanaugh. DeAnza. 23.35 Bart Schnelder, Germantown ..24.78 Mickey Termln, Conqulstdr 53.99 FoxcatcherB , 4:30.72 Rob Ramlrez,Florlda .., 23.42 BrlanHaas,Bolles 24.81 Anthony Jones, Lakeside" 54.06 MisslonVlejoC 4.30.79 David Hart, Stingray. 23.61 DanieIGall,Napa 24.84 Stuar1 MacDonald, CLASS. 54.46 Germantown , 4:31.10 Kevin De Forest, longhorn. ...23.65 Anthony Jones, Lakeside 24.85 200 M FREESTYLE-Augu.t 1 Cincinnati Pepsl Marlins C ...4:31.17 Kim Davis, Dr. Pepper, 23.66 JayRussell,WIlmington. 24.86 Champlon.hlp Flnel. SantaClaraB 4:31.31 Sam Jones, Unat. 23.90 Harry Freeman, West Valley. ., 24.89 RowdyGalnes, Florida. 1:50.02 Rockvllle. 4:32.22 PrelIms James Biedsell, Beach. 24.98 Richard Thornton, Con.Plsnt. .1.51.05 NashvIlleB ,..4:32.30 Robin leamy. Mis. Viejo. 23.01 John Henry, Longhorn. : .25.09 Bill Forrester, Florida. 1:51.06 Paramus Red Wave. , 4:32.42 Scott Flndorff, Badger Dol. .., .23.09 BartCerer.Con.Plsnt 25.14 DavidLarson, Florida. 1:51.79 MisslonVlejoD .., .., .., ...4:32.72 Joe Bottom, Walnut Crk. 23.13 Everett Mercer, Harbison 25.18 Todd Trowbridge, Con-Plsnt. .1:52.28 De Anza 4:33.29 JackSalzman,Sarasota. 25.30 Rowdy Gaines, Florida. 23.23 Doug Northway, Conqulstador1:52,29 Nebraska, 4.35.65 Rick DeMont, Unat. 23.25 Jim Montgomery, Dr. Pepper. t:52.81 400 M FREE RELAY-July 31 DavldMcCagg, Unat. 23.28 100 M FREESTYLE-July 30 BiIlO'Brlen,Dads 1.52.85 Fln'l. Re.uJt. (TImed Fln,I.) Boyd Crlsler, Florida. .., 23.29 Championship Finals Con.oletlon Final. Cincinnati Pepsl Marlins. ...3:48.83 Jerry Spencer, Mis. Vlejo 23.30 ~owdy Gaines, Fiorida 50.19 Brian Roney, Industry. , .1.52.30 ... Swimming World/August 89 FOR TH E RECORD continued Greg Kraus, Dr. Pepper. 1:52.39 '-Qave Slms, Jollet 3;58.86 Monte Brown, Cardinal. 15:34.91 Davltt Cunnlngham, Conqulstdr 59.77 Andy Schmidt, Dads. 1:52.45 James Lorys, Dav!d Douglas. 3:59.04 Brian Roney, fndustry 15:35.72 Roger Vredeveld, Baylor. 59.83 Chris Cavanaugh, De Anza ...1:52.92 Chuck Bauman, Dr. Pepper. ..3:59.06 Wames Lorys, David Douglas 15!37.58 Phil Nenon, Cln. Pepsi 1:o(j.13 Geoff Gaberlno, Baylor 1:53.40 AmlrGanlel,lndustry HI. 3:59.29 ~ruce Hayes, Dr. Pepper. .; .15:41.93 Randy Ensmlnger, M. VleJo ...1:00.15 Chuck Sharpe, Cln. Pepsl .." .1:53.77 GeorgeDI Car)o, Colo. Rpd ...3:59.30 Doug Towne, Conquistador. 15:43.87 ScottMalm,Spicer ;1:00.17 BobbyHacketi, Bernal Gtr ...1:53.94 Bobby Hackett, Bernl Gtr 3:59.51 George Dl Carlo, Colo. Rpd , .15:46.67 MarkStrohl,AnnArbor 1:00.21 KlrkAnderson,Con-Plsnt 1:54.11 Kirk Ander~on, Coh.Plsnt 3;59.58 Kent Martin, Longhorn. ..c. 15:46.60 Clark Rush, Husky. 1:00.29 PrelIms Todd Trowbrldge, Con.Plsnt ..3:59.69 Ed Denny, Germantown. 15:49.31 Sean Bailey, Conqulstdr 1:00.45 RowdyGalnes, Florida. ." ...1:50.93 Chuck Sharpe, Cin. Pepsl 3:59.92 Bobby Hackett, Bernal Gtr ..15:49.60 William Juvruo, Longhorn. ., .1:00.53 BIll Forrester, Florida. 1:51.10 Mike Heath, Dr. Pepper. 3:59.93 Amir Ganiel, Industry. 15:49.62 Cliff Looschen, Florida. 1:00.67 Richard Thornton, Con.Pisnt. .1 :51.21 Rob Ramoska, Cardinal. 3;59.98 ~Irk Anderson, Con.Plsnt. ...15:52.63 Rick Brackett, Baylor. 1:00.69 Jim Montgomery, Dr. Pepper. 1:51.58 Bruce Hayes, Dr. Pepper. 4:00.14 Larry Countryman, Bernal Gtr15:54.15 Ken Brenton, Dr. Pepper. 1:00.72 £IIIO'Brlen,[)ads 1:51.63 Drew Donovan, N.E. Barracda 4;00.14 Ed Ryder, M. VieJo , 15:55.31 RossMyers, Longhorn. 1:00.75 David Larson, Florida. 1:51.92 Mark Tomllr), Dr. Pepper. ., ..4:00.44 R!ck Walker, Champaign. ...15:55.46 Brian Smith, N. River. 1.00.79 Todd Trowbrldge, Con-Pisni. .1:51.97 Mike Brown, M. VieJo 4:00.44 MarkTomlin, Dr. Pepper. ...15:56.29 .'poug Northway, Conqulstador1:51.99 Rick Morley, Longhorn. 4:00J2 Chris Rowe,Alamo ..., 15:56.67 200 M BACKSTROKE-July 29 ~dy Schmidt, Dads. 1:52.14 Bruce Dorman, Lakesld$ 4;00.92 Chuck Bauman, Dr. Pepper. c15:58.20 Champl!lnshlp Finals Chuck Sharpe, Cln. Pepsl 1:52.49 Monte Brown, Cardinal. 4:00.99 Ba4er Duke, Conquistador. .15:59.41 Steve Barnicoat, Mis. Vlejo ..2:01.06 Kirk Anderson, Con-Pisnt. 1:52.53 Randy Fry, Germantown 4;01.23 Lane Hudson, Hurricane. ...16:00.16 Peter Rocca, Con.Plsnt. "" ..2:01.34 Brian Roney, Industry 1:52.53 Andy Schmidt, Dads. 4:01.34 Mike Higgs, Cin. Pepsi , 16:01.53 Jesse Vassallo, Mis. Vlejo. ...2:02.11 Chris Cavanaugh, De Anza ...1:52.54 Ted Chappell, Paramus 4;01.53 William Robertson, Longhorn16:01.76 Rick Carey, Badger. 2:02.79 Greg Kraus, Dr. Pepper. 1:52.62 Scott Bergen, Longhorn. 4:01.70 Tony Corbisiero, M. Vlejo ...16:05.93 Bob Jackson, Conquistador. .2:03.17 BobbyHackett, Bernal Gtr ...1:52.68 Geoff Gaberlno, Baylor 4:01.78 Jon Denney, Unat. 16:07.30 John Engs, Reno. 2:04.38 ,Geoff .eaberlno, Baylor 1 :52.92 Joe LaJole, Park Ridge. 4:01.99 John Kratzer, Schroeder 16:07.59 Jamie Fowler, Unat; 2:05.01 Krls Klrchner, Longhorn. 1:52.98 Dennis Scannell, Industry 4:02.12 Rob Ramoska, Cardinal. 16:08.21 Tom Roemer, Univ. Iowa. 2.06.38 Mike Brown, M. Viejo 1:53.01 John Spald, Ann Arbor. 4:02.15 Mike Brown, M. VleJo ; ..16:08.84 C!lns!llatl!ln Finals Mike Bruner, Mesa. 1:53.07 JlmKlzer,Florjda 4:02.51 Randy Fry, Germantown 16:08.88 Ron Maddox, N. Baltmre 2:05.52 Rich Saeger, M. Vlejo. 1:53.29 Tony Corbislero, M. Vlejo 4:03.11 Scott Bergen, Longhorn. , ..16:08.97 Louis Manganiello, Lnghrn , ..2:06.24 Joe LaJole, Park Ridge. ; 1:53.45 James Lee, Harbison 4:03.22 BilfO.Brien,Dds 16:09.60 RogerVon Jouanne, Gr. Rentn 2:06,58 Bruce Furniss, Beach. 1:53.5j Sandy Blyth, Husky. 4:03.34 Bob Mel)ches, Swt.Acd. 16:10.70 Mike Conaton, Cin. Pepsl 2:06.74 Doug Towne, Conquistador. .1:53.56 Richard Thornton, Con-Plsnt .4;03.40 John Ravenhall, Cin. Pepsi ..16:11.19 Mark Gordln, Beach. 2:07.32 BobBugg,Unat 1:53.58 Scott Newklrk, M. Vjejo 4:03.57 Greg Masica, Up. Arlngtn ...16:11.67 Jim Wlnegarner, Dr. Pepper. .2:07.57 Andy Veris, Dr. Pepper. 1:53.59 Chris Rowe, Alamo , .4;03.63 Greg Goulet, Alamo ...c. ...16:13.59 KyleMlIler,Florlda 2:07.79 Steve Gregg, Conquistador. ..1:53.87 Todd Lincoln, Beach. 4:03.78 Bill Schmidt, San Jose. 16:18.00 Bruce Hayes, Dr. Pepper. .., .2:08.30 Brian Goodeil, M. Vlejo 1:53.97 ,Bob Menches, Swt. Acd. 4:04.47 DaveBarnes, M. Viejo 16:22.33 PrelIms RobRamoska, Cardinal. t:54.03 Dave Malln, Con-Plsnt. 4:04.49 Todd Lincoln, Beach. .c. .'. .16:24.25 Jesse Vassallo, Mis. Viejo. ..2:02.45 Tony Bartle, New Haven. ...: 1:54.41 Mike Hjggs, Cln. Pepsi 4.05.39 Steve Dougherty, Tacoma. ..16:24.69 Bob Jackson, Conquistador. .2:02.79 Mark Greenwood, Industry. .,1:54.53 Dave Barnes; M. Vlajo 4:05.52 Grant Whltcomb, Unat. 16:25.04 Rick Carey"Badger , ..2:03.11 Rick Morley, Longhorn. 1:54.55 Greg Goulet, Alamo 4;05.94 Fillberto Colon, M. Viejo 16:30.59 Peter Rocca; Con.Plsnt. , 2:03,21 Jack Oppel, Dr. Pepper. 1:54.58 Paul Donahue,M. Vlejo. .c ...4:06.73 Mike Heath, Dr. Pepper. 16:38.03 John Engs, Reno. " 2:03.75 Todd LIncoln, Beach. 1:55.00 RlckyBodor,Dads. 4;07.07 Todd Trowbridge, Con.Plsnt. 18.24.08 Steve Barnlcoat, Mis. VieJo ...2.03.86 Dennis Scannell, Industry. ...1:55.06 Craig Spada, Con-Pisnt. 4:07.22 100 M BACKSTROKE-July 31 Tom Roemer, Unlv.lowa 2:05,09 MattMullane, Unat. 1:55.58 Michael Beam, Gr. Orlando. ..4:07.42 Championship Finals "amleFowler,Unat.. 2:05.14 Eric Finical, Conquistador. ..1:55.66 Steve Dougherty, TacQma 4:07.67 Peter Rocca, Con-Plsnt. 56.64 Ryie Miller, Florida. 2:05,55 Jim Hadly, Foxcatcher 1:55.68 Kyle Dltzler, Cardinal .~ 4:08.77 Bob Jackson, Conquistador. ..56.78 Louis Manganlello, Lnghrn ...2:05.88 Ricky Bodor, Dads. 1.55.95 Frank Dinkel, Walnut Crk 4:10.90 Rick Carey, Badger. 56.93 Ron Maddox, N. Baltmre 2:05.88 Cress Templeton, Cln. Pepsi ..1:56.05 DavePhelps,Cin.Pepsi 4;11.61 Roger VonJouanne, Gr. Rnt{1 .2:05.90 ClayBritt,Stariit 57.15 Mike Conaton, Cin, Pepsl 2.06.03 , DavidHart,Stingary. 1:56.32 Chris Cavanaugh,[)e Anza DQ Steve Barnicoat,M. Viejo 57 .40 Bruce Hayes, Dr. Pepper. 2:06.27 Dave Malln, Con.Pisnt. : 1:56.44 David Marsh, Stingray. 57.78 800 M FREESTYLE-July 29 Mark Gordin, Beach. 2.06.34 Michael Beam, Gr. Orlando. ..1:56.45 JohnEngs,Reno 56.00 Final Results (Timed Finals) ~im Wlnegarner, Dr. Pepper. .2:06.50 MlkeAnderson,Cardlnal. 1:56.48 Jesse Vassallo, M. Viejo 58.28 Brian Goodell, Mls. Vlejo 7:59.66. Oave Bottom, Walnut Crk. 2:06.83 Mark McGreager, San Jose. ..1:56.59 Consolation Finals Mike Bruner, Mesa. 8.00.06 Curt laCount, Badger Dol. ...2:06.91 JamesLee,Harbl~on. 1:56.77 Ron Maddox, N. Baltmre 58.28 Barl Weick, Conquistador. ..;8:06.60 Scott Seelye, Tacoma. 2:06.92 John HIllencamp!Florlda 1:56.82 Tom Roemer, Univ.lowa. 58.45 Brian Roney,lndustry ;8;06.85 JOh~ Hotfman, Badger. 2:06.92 Ted Knapp, Unat. 1:56.95 LarryCraft,Dads , 58.49 Bobby Hackett, Bernal.s Gtr ..8:07.28 Pat thomas, West Vly 2.07.09 Bart Ebblnghaus, Walnut Crk. j:56.98 Steve Wood, Florida. 58.56 Dave Sims, Jollet :c "8:07:46 Todd LIncoln, Beach. 2.07.34 John Spald, Ann Arbor. 1:57.00 Dave Bottom, Walnut Crk. 58.81 Ron Neugent, Wichita. "8.08.04 David Berg, Dr. Pepper. 1:57.01 Louis Manganiello, Longhorn. .58.96 Peter Solomon, LIttle Rhdy ...2:07.45 ~onte Brown, Cardinal. 8:09.24 ClayBrltt,Starllt 2.07.58 Greg Goulet, Alamo 1.57,70 Curt LaCount, Badger Dol. 59.18 Bruce Hayes, Dr. Pepper. 8:09.79 Bruce Gemmell, Wllmngtn ...2:07.89 Dave Phelps, Cln. Pepsl. 1:58.12 Pat Thomas, West Valley. 59.26 James Lorys, David Douglas. 8:10.05 FredWerdlne,Sun 2:08.11 Stuart MacDonald, CLASS. ..1:59.93 Prallms Tony Bartle, New Haven. ..., 8:10.43 Phil Nenon, Cin. Pepsi 2:08,:}5 Mickey Termln, Conquistador 2:00.25 Bob Jackson, Conquistador ...56.04 Ed Ryder, Mls. VieJo ,.8:11.42 Robert Spraglns, Harblson ...2:08.36 Peter Rocca, Con.Plsnt. 56.75 Randy Fry, Germantown ..., .8:13.34 Kelly Rives, Dads. 2:08.72 400 M FREESTYLE-July 31 David Marsh, Stingray. , .57.03 Doug Towne, Conquistador. .8:13.80 Brad Wells, Wichita. 2:08.89 Championship Finals ClayBritt,StarIlt 57.09 Kent Martln,Longhorn 8:14,08 Mark Strohl, Ann Arbor. 2:09.11 Mike Bruner, Mesa. 3c52.19 ~arkTomlln, Dr. Pepper. .,. ..8.15.09 Rick Carey, Badger. 57.28 Brian Goodeli, M. Vlejo 3:52.99 Steve Barnicoat, M. Viejo 57.51 Sean BaIley, Conquistador. ..2.09.26 Ed Denny, Germantown 8:16.61 Scott Maim, Splcer 209.34 Brian Roney, Industry HI. 3:56.10 Jesse Vassallo, M. Viejo. 57.77 Courtney Roberts, Cln.Pep ...8:17.17 Patrick Kennedy, N. Bltmre ...2:09.37 Tony Bartle, New Haven. 3:56.21 \l,ohnEngs,Reno 57.90 Chuck Bauman, Dr. Pepper. ..8;19.30 John Kratzer, Schroeder 2:09.46 Barl Weick, Conqulstdr , .3:56.39 Ron Maddox, N. Baltmre 57.91 Kirk Anderson, Con-PlsAt. 8:21c22 Larry Craft, Dads. : 2.09.57 Kent Martin, Longhorn. 3:56.72 Curt LaCount, Badger Dol. ., ...58.10 FlllbertoColon, Mis, VieJo. ...8:21.30 Cress Templeton, Cin. Pepsl. .2.09.77 BlIIO'Brlen,Dads 3:58.30 LouJs Manganiello, Longhorn. .58.19 Tony Corbislero, Mis. Viejo ...8.21.50 Bob Weldon, Ft. Lauderdle ...2:09.88 John Hillencamp, Florida. ...4:02.48 TomRoemer,Univ.lowa. 58.20 Dennis Scannel, Industry 8:21c55 David Marsh, Stingray. 2:09,94 Consolation Finals Pat Thomas, WestValley 58.24 Mike Brown, Mis. Viejo 8:22.14 Jack Salzman, Sarasota 2:10.16 Doug Towne, Conquistadr ...3:56.22 LarryCraft,Dads ; 58.35 Lincoln DJang, Santa Clara. ..8:22.24 SteveWood,Florlda 2.10.31 Ed Ryder, M. Vlejo 3:57.~ Steve Wood, Florida. 58.46 ChrisRowe, Alamo 8:24.05 Cliff Looschen, Florida. 2:10.85 Jeff Float, Arden His 3:58.45 ~ave Bottom, Walnut Crk 58.48 LarryCountryman, Bernal Gtr .8:25.39 Ross Myers, Longhorn. 2.10.95 Larry Countryman, Bernal Gtr .3:58.48 JamIe Fowler, Unat. ; 58.52 Mike Heath, Dr. Pepper. 8:28.37 Brian $mith, N. River. ., 2:11.03 Dave Slms, Jollet 3.58.59 Jim Winegarner, Dr, Pepper. ...58.58 Steve D()ugherty, Tacoma. ...8;26.39 Roger Vredeveld, Baylor 2.13.02 James Lorys, David Douglas. 3:58.68 BobTlerney,Unat 58.60 William Robertson, Longhorn.8:27.21 JayAlt,WestVly 2.13.40 Bobby Hackett, Bernal Gtr ...3:58.74 Eric Ericson, Wilmlngton 58.61 Mike Higgs, Cjn. Pepsl. 8;27 .7 4 Rick Brackett, Baylor DQ Ron NE\ugent, Wichita. 3:59.21 Chuck Sharpe, Cin. Pepsi 8:28.85 Mike Bottom, AthletesActn 58.68 JayAlt, West Vlllley 58.69 100 M BREASTSTROKE-July 29 PrelIms Chris Hug, Little Rhody 8:29.14 Mike Bruner, Mesa. 3.55.34 Dave Wilson, Cln. Pepsl 58.77 Chempl!lnshlp Finals John Kratzer, Schroeder 8:31.42 Lee Hudson, Blue Dolphins. ...58. 79 BIlIO'Brien,Dads 3:55.95 Amir Ganlel, Industry. 8:31.68 Steve Lundquist,Dr. Pepper. 1.02.88. Brian Roney, Industry. 3:56.18 KyleMlIler,Florida, 59.03 BIll Barrett, Cin. Pepsi 1:02.93 ~- JohnJames, DeAnza 8:31.82 Cress Templeton, Cln. Pepsi .; .59.11 Bfian Goodell, M. Vlelo 3:56.28 Pete Colbeck. Cascade. c' ...8:33.91 John Hencken, Santa Clara, .1:03.58 John Hoffman, Badger. 59.21 Kent Martin, Longnorn 3:56.45 John Spaid;Ann Arbor. 8:33.92 John Moffet, Beach. 1:03.83 Mark Gordln. Beach. 59.24 Barl Weick, Conqulstdr. 3:57.13 Grant Whitcomb, Unat. 8:35.30 David Lundberg, Walnut Crk ..1:04.02 Mike Conaton, Cln. Pepsl. 59.30 JOhn Hlllencamp, Florida. ...3:57.31 Jim Murakaml. Punahou 8:39.73 Robert Lager,lndlan Vly 1:04.25 Jony Bartle, New Haven. 3:57.57 JayYarid, M. Vlejo. 59.42 Greg Higglnson, Cln. Pepsl. ..1.04.78 v ""'fton Neugent, Wichita. 3:57.82 1500M FREESTYLE-August2 Donald Hornby, Broward 59.46 Rick Meador, Longhorn. 1:05.20 Ed Ryder, M. Viejo ; ...3:57.93 Final Results (TImed Finals) $cott Seelye, Tacoma. 59.52 C!lns!ll.ti!ln Fln.ls Jeff Float, Arden Hills. .: ...3:58.18 Mike Bruner, Mesa. 15.19.80 Chris Lanler, Ladera ,. ..59.54 Jeff Freeman, Santa Clara. ..1:04.52 David Larson, Florida. 3:58.40 Dave Slms, JolI$t 15:25.92 Patrick Kennedy, N. Baltmre ...59.56 Glenn Mills, Cin. Pepsi 1:04.84 Larry Countryman, Bernl Gtr ..3:58.47 Ron Neugent, Wichita. .., ..15;27.66 Gary De Roos, Badger Dol. 59.62 Sam Jones, Unat. , 1:05.34 Doug Towne, Conquistador. .3:58.51 Barl Welck, Conquistador. ..15:31.07 Peter Solomon, little Rhody ...59.63 Mark Chatfleld, Beach. , 1:05.40 Billy Forrester, Florida. 3:58.53 Brian Goodell, M. Vjejo 15:34.75 Mark Rhodenbaugh, Cln. Pepsi .59.74 Joe Jlmenez, Con.Plsnt. 1:05.55 90 Swimming World/August FOR THE RECORD continued Nick Nevld, Longhorn. 1:05.55 Dan Rawding, Husky. 2:25.50 SteveSmlth, FlorIda. ., 54.77 BIIIO'Brlen,Dads 1:59,77 JohnClark, Santa Barbara. ..1:06.32 Bob Wiltse,lndustry 2:25.53 Mike Bottom, Ath.Actlon 54.83 Denl\ls Bak~r, David Douglas. 2:00,26 Jim Barron, Badger Dol. .,. ..j:07.04 GlenMangum,Dads ,2:25.53 Matt Grlbble, Hurricane. ,. 54.85 TonyBartle, New Haven. 2.00.12 PrelIm. John Walton, Walnut Crk .c. .2:25.66 william PaullJs, Longhorn. 54.90 JeffFloat,Arden 2:00.95 Steve LundQuist, Dr. Pepper. .1:02.89 Joe Jlmenez, Cori,plsnt. 2:25.76 Sam FranklIn, Conqulstdr 54.99 Steve Gregg,Conquistdr 2:00.98 BIll Barrett, Cln. Pepsl : 1:03.04 George Koch, Oregon. 2:25.91 Xeff Stuart, Conqulstdr ., 55:11 .Con.ol.tlon Fln.la " John Hencken, Santa Clara. .1 :03.82 lawrenceDowler,lndlan Rlver2:26.46 John Ebuna, Commerce CIty. ..55.32 Jeff Stuart, Conquistdr 2:01.42 Rick M~ador, Longhorn. 1:04.24 Chuck Eischen, De Anza 2:26.61 Greg Porter, So.lIllnols 55.46 Bruce Dorman, Lakeside 2:01 ,58 John Moffet, Beach. 1:04.38 Kerwln Gober, Starlit. 2:26.80 RIchard Hess, Dr. Pepper. 55.51 JamesLee, Harblson. 2:0t.74 Robert Lager, Indian Vly 1:04.48 Jay Frentsos, Cln. Pepsi 2:26.92 NeIl Mai:ready, Splcer 55.53 William Paulus, Longhorn. ...2:02.92 Greg l:ilgglnson, Cln. Pepsl. ..1:04.49 . Scott Adams, Pacific. 2:27.03 Steve Gregg, Conqulstdr 55.59 RogerVonJouanne, Gr.Rntn ..2:03.78 <...pavld Lundberg, Walnut Crk. .1:04.74 Jim Flowers, Cln. Pepsi 2:27 .04 BIlly Forrester, ~Iorlda 55.62 Jesse Vassallo, M. Vlejo 2:04;22 Nick Nevld, Longhorn. 1:05.06 Jack Bierie, Alamo 2:27.54 WIlliam Longton, Conqustdr ...55.62 Hessel Yntema, Lobo 2:04.40 Glenn Mills, Cln. Peps[ 1:05.24 JanVandersluls, Hurricane. .2:27.75 ~ralg Beardsley;Florlda. 55.63 Richard Thornton, Con-prsnt. .2:05.9t Jeff Freeman, Santa Clara. ..1 :05.27 RlckieGIlI,Palm Springs. 2:27.82 ~Ichard Thornton, Con.Pisn 55.64 prellma Mark Chatfleld, Beach. 1:05.34 Kevin McKenna, Con.Plsnt. ..2:28.28 Dave WIlson, Cln. Pepsl ., 55.78 Craig Beardsley, Florida. ..1:58.21.. Joe Jjmenez, Con-l'lsnt. 1:05.44 Jeff White, Conquistador. ...2:28.44 Bob Placak, Indian VIy-. 55.98 BlIIO'Brien,Dads 1:59.80 Sam Jones, Unat. ,. 1:05.48 R)cky May, Dads. , ...2:28.88 Karl Welss, Badger Dol. 56.02 Jefl Float, Arden Hills. 2:00.12 John Clark, Santa Barbara. ..1:05.58 Ted Rychllk,Lakewood 2:29.22 Krls Klrchner,Longhorn 56.04 Steve Gregg, Conqulstdr 2:tJo.17 ~lmBarron,BadgerDol: 1:05.60 Andy Moore; Lakeslde 2:29.30 Den!11s Baker, David Dougls ...56.05 Billy Forrester, f'lorlda. ..,. ..2:00.51. Lewrence Dowler, Indian Rvr .1:05.79 MarkBarber,M. Vlejo 2:29.47 Hunter RIchmond, Dr. Pepper. .56.08 Dennis Beker, David Douglas. 2:00.54 John Slmons, Cardinal. 1:05.88 , Scott Spann, Longhorn. 56.13 Matt Rye, Con.Plsnt. 2:29.54 TonyBartle, New Haven. 2:00.57 Mike Hamm, Splcer \ ..1 :05.88 David Santos, Con.Plsnt. 2:29.91 Glynn Perry, Florida. 56.16 \MIke Bruner, Mesa. 2:01.09 Bob McAdam, Decatur 1:06.03 Dean Putterman, Dads. 2:30.11 Sam Jones, Unat. .., 56.23 Jeff Stuart, Cohqulstdr 2:01,75 GeorgeKoch,Oregon 1:06.13 Bobby Laugherty, Baylor. 2:30,73 Jay Hersey, cln. Pepsl ...: 56.34 James Lee, Harblson. 2:01.82 Rob Werner, Unat. 1:06.23 David Greenwood, Dr. Pepper. 2:31.43 KelthCIlnton, Foxcatchr. 56.36 Bruce Dorman, Lak~slde 2:02.64 Greg Rhodenbaugh, Cln PepsM:06.40 JohnChrlstensen, Badger. ..2:31.75 Sandy MacDonald, San Ramon. 56.36 Jesse Vassallo, M. Vlejo 2.02.3.1 Rlckle Gill, Palm Springs. 1:06.41 Bruce Howell, Beach. DQ Tom Cole, Cin. Pepsl. ,56.39 Richard Thornton, Con-Plsnt .2:02.4S Mark Barber, Mis.VleJo .: 1:06.42 Tom Ernstlng,SantaClara. DQ Brad Herlng, Joe Ph!"lps 56.39 l!Ioger Von Jouanne,Gr. Rnth. 2:02.72; Ron Zhlss, Mlchlana c ..1:06.46 Thomas Mlntz, New Haven. DQ Donald H~rnby, Broward 56.48 William Paulus, Longhorn. ...2:62.18 rom Ernstlng, Santa Clara. ..1 :06.52 KellyRlves,Dads DQ Charlie Roberts, Unlv. Iowa. , ., 56.51 ~essel Yntema, Lobo .., : ...2:03.15 rhomasMlntz, New Haven. ..1:06.67 Dan Ar~kakl, Punahou. ,. DQ Rick Hyser, Germantown 56.54 Jon Denney, ~nat , ,. .2:03.55 J~n Vandersluls, Hurricane. .1:06.74 JimCarJ>one, Spice! DQ Hessel Yntema, Lobo , ...56.58 Ed Ryder, M. VI~Jo 2:03.60 Doug Soltls, Florida. , ...1 :06.85 Dan Rosenthal, Spicer , .DQ Curt La Count, Badger Dol. 56.68 Scott Bergen, Longhorn. 2:03.94 Bob Wlltse, Industry. , 1:06.93 AndrewWre!1, Brlarwood. 56.70 FlllbertoColon, M. VleJo 2;04.10 Kerwln Gober, Starlit. 1:06.99 100 M BUTTERFLY-August 2 Kim Davis, Dr. Pepper. 56.80 Ed Full~r,Dr. Pepper. c2:04.1t Rob Long, New Haven. : 1:07.02 Championship Flnala Todd Crossett, Cln. Pepsl. 56.93 Bob Patten, ACEnglwd 2:04.23 Alan Chrlstoptier, Stingray. ..1:07.22- WIlliam Paulus, Longhorn. 54.34 James Brown, Aggle , , 56.98 . K~lth Cllntoh, Foxcatcher. ...2:04.24 MattRye,Con.Plsnt. :1:07.27 Matt Gribble, Hurricane. .., ...54.51 Glen Alk,n, Conqulstdr, 57.07 Brett Favero, ArdenHis 2:04.2i Dean Putterman, Dads. 1:07.41 Mlke Bottom, Ath.Actlon 54.97 John Henry, Longhorn. .., 57.08 Charlie Rob~rts, Unlv. Iowa. , c2:04.30 Jeff Paulson, S. Snohomlsh. .1:07.49 Jim Halllburton, Cin. Pepsi 54.98 Ed Fuller, Dr. Pepper. 57.20 NeIl M~cready, Sp1c~r 2:04.45 RlckyMay,Dads 1:07.80 Stev,e Smith, Florida. 55.07 John Oswlany, Cln. Peps;. 57.30 John Hlllencamp, Florida. ...2.04.81 John Chrlstensen, Badger. ..1:07.91 Joe Bottom, Walnut Crk. 55.17 Dav8 Benjamin, Badger. 57.32 ToddCrossett, Cln. P~psi ...; 2:04.84 Mike St. Den1s, Flqrlda , .1:08.02 Sam FranklIn, Conquistdr ..., .55.54 RIck Morley, Longhorn. 57.33 DanCoran, D~Anza. 2:04.93 Jim Carbone, Splcer 1:06.07 Jeff Stuart, Conquistdr :55.54 DavlttCunningham,ConqlJstdr .57.34 Andrew Wren, Briarwood 2:05;14 TrentLyght,Starllt 1:06.11 Consolation Finals Robin Leamy, M. Vlejo : ...57.36 Rick Car~y, Badger. 2:05.17 DeanHarti Cln. Pepsl. 1:08.24 Neil Macready, Splcer 55.02 Bob Patten, AC Englewd 57.3T Jim B~lardl, De Anza 2:05.23 Dan Arakakl, Punahou 1:08.27 John Ebuna, Commerce City. ..55.40 R(cky Bodor, Dads. 57.42 Paul Johnson, M. VleJo 2:05.36 Ed Fuller, Dr.Pepper 1:08.40 , Craig Beardsley, Florida. 55.56 Ken McLaughlln, Cln. Peps( 58.19 William Longton, Conqulstdr .2:06.01 David Greenwood, Dr. Pepper .1:09.24 WIlliam Longton, Conqstdr 55.63 Brian McGulre, No. River. 58.26 ~Ien Aikln, Conquistdr 2.08.02 Jeff White, ConQUistador. DQ BIlly Forrester, Florida. 55.64 MlkeKelly,Spicer 59.20 SteveSmlth, Florida. 2:08;10 Swlm-off Richard Hess, Dr,Pepper ..., ..56.05 Kevin Fober, Badger Dol. 2:08.20 JohnSlmons,Cardlnal 1:05.75 Greg Porter, So-ll1lnols .., ...: 56.21 200 M BUTTERFLY-July 30 Matt Mullane, Unat 2:06.21 Mike Hamm. Spicer 1:05.93 Steve Gregg, Conqulstdr 56.34 Champlon.hlp Final. David Gatchell, Dr. Pepper. ..2:06.79 2OOM BREASTSTROKE-July 31 Pra"ms Craig Beardsley, Florida. ...1.58.46 Steve Vela, Spokane c .2:07.20 Cheinplonahlp Final. JoeBottom, Walnut Crk 54.54 MlkeBruner,Mesa 1:59.13 Mlke$aphir,DeAnza.. 2:07.48 Glenn Mills, Cin Pepsl 2.18.78 Jim Halllburt()n, Cfn: Pepsi 54.62 Billy Forrester, Florida. 1.59.40 Chris Rives, Dads ., 2:07.53~ John Moffet, Beach. 2:18.79 John Hencken; Santa Clara. .2:19.09 Bill Barrett,Clri. Pepsl , 2:19,93 Joh') Slmons, Cardinal. 2:20.68 Greg Higglnson. Cln. Pepsl. ..2:20.75 Rick Meador, Longhorn. 2.22.38 Nick Nevld, Longhorn. .; ., ..2:23.13 Consolation Final. David Lundberg, Walnut Creek2:22.14 John Budd, Memphis. 2:22.28 Mark Chatfleld, Beach. : ,2:23.00 Ron Zhlss, Mlchlana .., .., , .2:23,86 Greg Rhodenbaugh.C. Pepsi .2:23,90 Sandy Pldgeon, PlttsblJrgh , , .2:24.32 Mike Hamm, Splcer .., ..., ..2:24.71 Jim earron, Badger Dol. .., , .2:24.85 PrelIm. John Moff~t,Beach , , ...2.19.61 Glenn MIlls, Cln, Pepsl ...,. .2:20.34 B1I1Barrett, Cln. Pepsi ,2:20.36 Rick Meador, Longhorn, 2:20.57 Johri Hencken, Santa Clara. .2:20.58 Jo!ln Simmons,Cardinal. 2.21.08 GrBg Higg!nsOn, Cin, Pepsl , ..2:21.75, Nick Nevld, Longhorn, , 2:21.94 ~arkCfiatfleld,Beach. 2:21.99 David Lundberg, Walnut Crk ..2:22.20 Jim Barron, Badger Dol. 2:22.34 Sandy Pldgeon, Pittsburgh. ..2:22.58 John Budd, Memphis. 2:22.86 Greg Rhodenbaugh, C. Pepsl .2:22.89. Ron Zhiss, Mlchlana 2:23.20 -!!,ike l:iamm, Splcer 2:23.22 Rob Werner, Unat. 2:23.68 Rob Long, New Haven. , , , ...2:23.98 Jim Johnson, Con.Pisnt. , 2:24.25 Bob McAdam, Decatur , 2:24.31 John Rogers, Highllne 2:24.57 Mark Brlggs, Unat. , , ., , .., , , 2:24.64 John Clark, Santaearbara ...2:24.99 Jeff Freeman, Santa CI~ra,. , 2:25.43 TerriBaxter tied Tracy Caulkins in the 200 breast for her first-ever Nationals title. Swimming WorldlAugust 91 FOR THE RECORD continued Scott Crowder, Santa Clara. .2:07.56 Chuck Bauman, Dr. Pepper. ..4:28.67 IndustryHllls 3:59.31 Germantown , 3:42.08 Ted Chappel" Paramus 2:07.6i EdRyder,M.Vlejo ;..;.4:29.39 DeAnza ,;;.., 3:59.31 Splcer's B 3:42.74 Paul Slms, M. VleJo 2:G7.70 KyleMiller,Florida 4:31.29 Dr.PepperC : 4:02.38 Park Ridge. : DQ David Pole, M. V1ejo 2:06.21 Con.ol.tlon Fln.l. Punahou 4:04.25 John Henry, Longhorn. .., ...2:09.31 Briari Goodell, M. Viejo 4:28.1§ BadgerB , DQ 800 M FREE RELAY-August 1 John Yacovelle, Jersey Wah. .2:10.09 Jim Johnson, Con.Plsnt. 4:30.38 Concord-Plesant Hill B DQ Flnel Results (TImed Flnels) KyleMIller,Florlda Da LIncoln Djang,Santa Clara. ..4:30.78 Starlit B , , DQ Florida.. , 7:26.67 Steve BarnlcQatcM. VleJo 4:31.81 Dr. Pepper. 7:31.23 200 M IND. MEDLEY-August 1 Dave Barnes, M. Vlejo ...;. ..4:33.60 400 M FilEE REI-AY-July 31 MisslonVleJo 7:31.84 Championship Finals Chri$ Hug, LIttle Rhody 4:33.98 Final Results (TImed Flnels) Conquistador. :. 7:34.07 Bill Barrett, Cin. Pepsi 2:03.62 Roger VonJouanne, Gr. Rntn .4:34.58 Florida 3:22.24 IndustryHllIs; 7:34.41 Jesse Vassallo, M. Vlejo 2.04.63 Chris Rowe, Alamo 4:34.97 Dr.Pepper 3:23.74 Longhorn " 7:34.79 Chris Cavanaugh, De Anza ...2:05.35 PrelIm. MlssionViejo 3:25.42 Concord.Pleasant HIll. 7:34.81 John Sfmons, Cardinal. 2:06.16 Jesse Vassallo,M. Viejo 4:26.45 Dr.PepperB 3:26.50 FlorldeB 7:37.84 Jim Johnson, Con-Plsnt. 2:06.50 Ron Neugent,Wichita.;. 4:27.33 Cincinnati Pepsl MarlIns. 3:26.92 Cincinnati Pepsl MarlIns. 7:39.49 Peter Rocca, Con.Plsnt. 2:06.88 Jeff Float, Arden Hills. 4:27.87 Longhorn. ,3:27.11 Dr.PepperB : 7:40.21 ~oger VonJouanne, Gr. Rntn .2:06.9i David Santos,Con.Plsnt. 4:28.37 Concord-PleasantHIlI. 3:27.13 Dr.PepperC 7:40.12 KyleMIller,Florida 2:10.62 KyleMiller,Florida 4:29.65 Gonquistador 3:28.07 Badger Dolphins. .., 7:41.23 Consolation Finals John Simons, Cardinal. 4:29.74 Dr.PepperC ;...,...3:29.j6 MissionVlejoB...; 7:41.56 David Lundbeig, Wal. Crk ...; 2:05.96 ChuckBauman, Dr. Pepper. ..4:30.10 MissionViejoB.; 3;29.28 Cardlnal " 7:42.33 Rlcl(Meador, Longhorn. 2:07.20 ~dRyder, M. VieJo 4:30.40 WalnutCreek : 3:29.53 Bernal'sGator 7:44.23 Richard Hess, Dr. Pepper. ...2:07.66 Jim Johnson,Con.Plsnt. 4:30.42 Badger Dolphin. 3:29.64 Dads 7:45.25 Mark Greenwood, Industry. ..2:07.75 Scot Matsuda, Unat. 4:30.43 Dads ; 3:30.15 JolletYJets , ,.7:47.23 Tom Roemer, Unlv.lowa 2:08.43 Brian Goodell, M. Viejo 4:30.45 FloridaB ,." 3;30.44 LonghornB : 7:47.42 David Santos, Con.Plsnt. 2:08.53 Roger VonJouanne, Gr. Rntn .4:30.48 DeAnza 3:31.47 DeAnza.., 7:48.69 JlmBarron, Badger Dol. 2:08.57 Steve BarnJcoat, M. Viejo 4:32.17 Stariit ,.\ ,.., 3:31.85 SanJose , 7:49.08 Jim Sorenson, Badger Dol. ...2:09.70 Dave Barnes, M. Viejo 4:32.52 Beach. ;, .; 3:31.91 ConquistadorB ,.. 7:49.13 PrelIms LIncoln DJang, Santa Clara. .; 4:32.78 Bernal'sGator , 3:31.98 Splcer'sB.., 7:49.28 Bill Barrett, Cln. Pepsi 2:03.24.. ~hris Rowe, Alamo , ..4:33.22 Spicer's. 3:32.42 Beach. " 7:49.43 Chris Cavanaugh, De Anza ...2:05.64 Chris Hug, LIttle Rhody 4:33.67 IndustryHill., ,., 3:32.42 WalnutCreek :.., 7:49.48 .lesse Va$sallo, M. Viejo , 2:05.83 Bob Roedel, Highllne 4:33.92 Hurricane...: , 3:32.66 MisslonVleJoC 7:51.33 RogerVonJouanne,Gr. Rntn .2:06.28 Todd LIncoln, Beach. 4:33.94 LonghornB , ,:3:32.69 Badger 7:51.46 Jim Johnson, Con.Plsnt. 2:06.45 Kelly Rives, Dads. 4:34.28 ConquistadorB , 3:33.18 DavldDouglas 7:52.10 Peter Rocca, Con.Plsnt. 2:06.18 Dave MelvIlle, Badger Dol. ...4:34.62 Stingray , 3:33.64 AlamoArea 7:52:45 KyleMIller,Florida 2:06.93 Glynn Perry, Florida. ,4:34.94 ArinArbor , ,..3.34.08 Hurrlcane , 1:52.98 ~ohn Slmons, Cardinal. 2:07.07 David Lundberg, Walnut Crk ..4:35.06 Dr.PepperD, , 3:34.50 Concord-Pleasant HIll B 7.54.44 ~,ck Meador, Longhorn 2.07 .27 Jim Anderson, Alamo 4:35.14 Concord-Pleasant Hill B, 3.34.71 StarlIt /;"" ,7:56.91 Richard Hess, Dr. Pepper. ...2:07.37 Johri Ravenhall, Cin. Pepsi ...4:35.39 Baylor 3:35.44 Cincinnati Pepsl Marltns B ...7:51.56 David Lundberg, Wal.Crk. 2:07.40 TomKelly, WalnutCrk. 4:35.53 Cincinnati Pepsl MarlIns C ...3:35.45 Germantown., : 7:56.06 Mark Greenwood, Industry. ..2:07.61 Jim Sorensen, Badger Dol. ...4:35.86 JolietYJets 3;35.97 Beach B. 8:00.51 David Santos, Con-Plsnt. 2:07.82 Mike Saphir, De Anza 4.36.09 Badger , 3:36.16 BadgerDQlphlnB 8:01.92 Tom Roemer, Unlv.lowa 2:07.86 Monte Brown,Cardinal 4:36.10 Badger Do)phlns B. 3:36.72 Stlngray , 8:02.31 Jim Sorenson, Badger Dol. ...2:07.94 Jay Frentsos, Cin. Pepsl., ...4:36.21 CLASS 3:37.37 Splcer'sA , 8:11.17 ~m Barrori, Badger Dol. 2:08.13 Jamie Fowler, Unat. 4:36.78 Wllmington 3:37.62 DadsB 8:14.40 Glynn Perry, Florida. c. ..2:08.43 RickyBodor, Dads. 4:36.79 DadsB ;" 3:39.45 AnnArbor ,..., DQ Dave Melville, Badger Dol. -..2.08.52 Chris Rives, Dads. 4:37 .66 AlamoArea ;...3:39.95 CLASS. DQ Murat Ozuak, Santa Barbara. .2:08.66 Bob Menches, Swt. Acd. 4.38.24 BeachB,., ,.3;41.38 Baylor.., , DQ ScottSpann, Longhorn. 2:08.66 Bob Weldon, Ft. Lauderdle ...4:39.00 Kelly Rives, Dads. 2:08.73 Steve Vela,Spokane 4:39.19 MlkeSaphlr,DeAnza. 2:08.73 Conrad Roark, Mesa, ., 4:39.43 Greg Higglnson, Cin. Pepsl. ..2:08.84 David Pole, M. VieJo 4:39.47 Scot Matsuda, Unal. 2:09:01 T. Chappell, Paramus 4:39.86 John Ravenhall, Cln. Pepsl ...2:09.09 Tom Roemer, Un.lowa. 4:39.91 Tom Kelly, Walnut Crk. ..: ...2:09.12 Brett Favero, Arden His. 4:40.37 Bob Willse, Induslry , ...2:09.12 John Yacovelle, Jrsy Whs 4:43.74 Dave Barnes, M. Vlejo 2:09.14 Bruce Dorman, Lakeside 4:44.28 Dennis Baker, David Dgis 2:09.78 Jack Blerie, Alamo 4:44.31 Steve Vela, Spokane .; 2:09.85 TonyYap,Eastmont. 4:45.17 Sam Jones, Unal. , ..2:09.86 Bob Peters, Aquaducks 4:45:70 Jay Frenlsos, Cln. Pepsi 2:09.94 John Brinkman, M. Viejo ;4:47;89 Dave Wilson, Cln. Pepsl, 2:10.01 Kent Davis,Beach , 4:48.76 Bobby Laugherly; Baylor. .., .2:10.18 Vic Swanson, Cascade. 4:49.33 Mark Rhodenbaugh, C. Pepsl .2:10.40 CarterCast,Cln.Pepsi. , DQ John Smith, Longhorn. 2:10.57 Roger Madruga,M. Viejo QQ John Moffet, Beach. 2:10.59 BradWilliams, Husky. DQ Bruce Fosler, Tallahassee. ..2:10.88 Murat Ozuak, Santa Barbara. DQ JamleFowler,Unal ,..2:j1.08 LoioJaffee,Beach DQ Bob Placak, Indian Vly 2:'1.18 400 M MEDLEY RELAY-Augu.t 2 Jeff Stuart, Conqulsldr ., ..., 2:11.31 Fln.1 Re.ult. {TImed Fln.I.) Jim Anderson, Alamo 2:11.51 Dr. Pepper. 3.47.13 Brad Williams, Husky. 2:1f.63 Longhorn ..3.48.87 FrankDlnkel, WalnutCrk. 2:11.10 Florida " 3:48.74 Chris Rives, Dads. 2:11.10 WalnutCreek 3:49.08 Steve Barnlcoat, M. Vlejo 2:11.94 Cincinnati Pepsl MarlIns 3:49.58 Rick Carey, Badger. 2:12.26 Concord.Pleasant HIll. 3:49.96 Andrew Wren, Briarwood 2:12.30 MissionVieJo 3:50.04 Chris Wick, Hurricane. 2:12.49 Badger Dolphin. 3:51.49 Jack Salzman,Sarasota 2.12.50 Dr.pepperB ,..;...3:51.55 Bob Weldon, Ft. Lauderdale. .2:f5.51 Sta(lit 3:52.14 Vic Swanson, Cascade. 2:12.71 Conquistador ,3:52.21 Kent Davis, Beach. 2:13.13 Cincinnati pepsl Marlins C .,.3:52.59 Brian Singleton, Dr. Pepper. .;2:14.23 Beach 3:52.61 Mark Strohl, Ann Arbor. 2:14.48 SantaClara 3:53.14 John Brlnkman, M. Vlejo 2:15.01 Cincinnati Pepsi Marlins B ...3:53.25 RogerVredeveld, Baylor 2:15.44 LonghornB 3:53.35 Dan Coran, De Anza 2:15.82 E Badger 3:53.37 .. DavldPole:M.Vlejo :."2:16.10 FloridaB 3:53.54 0, Henrylshli,Beach : ,...DQ Splcer'sB., ; 3:53.72 E. Bruce Furniss, Beach. Da .c Dads. " 3:55.39 0 David Marsh, Stingray. Da MisslonViejoC.., 3:56.55 aI >- ~issionVlejoB , 3:56,74 .c 400 M IND.MEDLEY-July 30 Stlngray 3:57.26 o a Champlonahlp Finals BadgerDolphinB..., 3:57.38 ~ Jesse Va8sallo, M. Viejo 4:21.5f BeachB 3:57.69 ~ John Slmons, Cardinal. 4:24.74 Hurricane : 3.57.85 Jeff F1oat, Arden HII18 4:25.19 Cincinnati Pepsi Marlins D. ..3:58.49 Ron Neugent, Wichita. 4:26.14 WestValiey 3:58.56 David Santos, Con-Plsnt. 4.28.27 DadsB., 3:58.97 g2 Swimming World/August Appendix B Members of the 1980 U.S. Olympic Team receiving their Congressional Gold Medals of Achievement Appendix C Glenn Mills and Matthew Petraites with Mr. Mills’ Congressional Gold Medal